DOCSLIB.ORG

3 Abstract the 1915-1918 Genocide Unleashed a Literary Frenzy In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
3 Abstract the 1915-1918 Genocide Unleashed a Literary Frenzy In 3 Abstract The 1915-1918 Genocide unleashed a literary frenzy in Armenian communities in diaspora. It generated not only literary writing expressive of the urgency of the Armenian plight but also heated debates about the purpose, function and direction of Armenian literature, especially in the crucial period of 1919-1928. This thesis brings under scrutiny the discussions of Armenian literature in this crucial period - the formative years of post- Genocide Armenian diaspora in France, Egypt, and the USA. More importantly, it explores the role of literature and literary criticism in the formation of the Armenian cultural identity. The debates on the future of Armenian literature is found primarily in the printed press of the diaspora. Literary critical materials were mainly published in the form of articles in this printed press in the Western Armenian language, the “ official” language of post-Genocide Armenian diaspora. The focus of this thesis is understandably on materials appearing in the post-Genocide Armenian printed press during the years 1919-1928, in Cairo, Paris, Boston and New York, which are the main sites towards which Armenians in general and writers and intellectuals in particular gravitated in the post-Genocide exodus from Ottoman Turkey, including former Armenian cultural centres, such as Constantinople and Smyrna. This thesis, in seven chapters, provides a picture the cultural, political and intellectual topography of the post-Genocide Armenian diaspora. It gives an account of the resilience of the people of culture in the aftermath of the Genocide, when concerted efforts were made in the reorganisation of the cultural and educational life, in order to maintain the Armenian identity. It then discusses the different perceptions of literature by Armenian literary critics in the context of post-Genocide struggle for survival. This is intended to demonstrate the ways in which literature was mobilised for the struggle for survival and the building of community. Literature was not only an aesthetic enterprise but also a social and political institution, a potent tool in achieving social and political unity leading to the coherence and maintenance of Armenian cultural identity. It finally discusses the ways in which critics looked at the future direction of Armenian literature of the diaspora. Debates among the critics at the time, such as Kourken Mkhitarian, Peniamin Tashian, Nigoghos Sarafian, Garo Sasouni, Hrand Palouyian and others, focused on the feasibility of promoting Armenian ethnic values in literature outside “ homeland” . These debates, it may be argued, comprised two strands of thought. One viewed literature as an important tool of preservation of the Armenian cultural ProQuest Number: 10672900 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672900 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 4 identity in diaspora from nationalist perspective. The proponents of this trend were senior writers, such as Garo Sasouni and Kourken Mkhitarian. And the other, headed by a new generation of writers, such as Nigoghos Saraflan and Hrand Palouyian, advocated an innovative approach to literature. It promoted the idea of hybridisation of Armenian literature with other literatures. These two trends would become the two dominant schools of Armenian literary criticism from 1928 until today. 1 Literature and Survival: Literary Criticism and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Armenian Printed Press of Diaspora 1919-1928 PhD Thesis Krikor Moskofian School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Supervisors Dr Wen-chin Ouyang Prof George Hewitt 3 Abstract The 1915-1918 Genocide engendered a flury of literary activity in Armenian communities in diaspora that generated not only writing that expressed the urgency of their plight but also heated debate about the purpose, function and direction of Armenian literature, especially in the crucial period of 1919-1928. This thesis scrutinises the discussions of Annenian literature in this period the fonnative years of post-Genocide Armenian diaspora in France, Egypt, and the USA. More important, it explores the role of literature and literary criticism in the formation of Armenian cultural identity. Debate about the future of Armenian literature is found primarily in the printed press of diaspora. Literary critical materials were mainly published in the form of articles in the Western Armenian language, the “ official55 language of post-Genocide Armenian diaspora. The focus of this thesis are materials appearing in the post-Genocide Armenian printed press during the years 1919-1928, in Cairo, Paris, Boston and New York, which were the main sites towards which Armenians in general and writers and intellectuals in particular gravitated in the exodus from Ottoman Turkey, including former Annenian cultural centres such as Constantinople and Smyrna. This thesis in seven chapters depicts the cultural, political and intellectual topography of the post-Genocide Armenian diaspora. It gives an account of the resilience of people involved in cultural activities in the aftennath of the Genocide, when concerted efforts were made to reorganise cultural and educational life in order to maintain the Annenian identity. It then discusses the different perceptions of literature by Annenian literary critics in the context of the post-Genocide struggle for survival. This is intended to demonstrate the ways in which literature was mobilised for the struggle for survival and the building of community. Literature was not only an aesthetic enterprise but a social and political institution, a potent tool in achieving social and political unity leading to the coherence and maintenance of Annenian cultural identity. Finally, the thesis discusses the ways in which critics looked at the future direction of diasporan Armenian literature. Debates at the time among critics such as Kourken Mkhitarian, Peniamin Tashian, Nigoghos Sarafian, Garo Sasouni, Hrand Palouyian and others, focused on the feasibility of promoting Armenian ethnic values in literature outside “ homeland55. These debates, it may be argued, comprised two strands of thought. One viewed literature as an important tool for preserving Armenian cultural identity 4 in diaspora from a nationalist perspective. The proponents of this trend were senior writers such as Garo Sasouni and Kourken Mkhitarian. And the other, headed by a new generation of writers including Nigoghos Sarafian and Hrand Palouyian, advocated an innovative approach to literature. It promoted the hybridisation of Armenian literature with other literatures. These two trends would become the two dominant schools of Annenian literary criticism from 1928 until today. Table of Contents Notes on transliteration, translation and references Transliteration ................................................ 16 Transliteration table ..................... 17 Translation ............... .17 Introduction Scope o f the thesis............................................ 18 Printed press-based research.................................................... .19 The linguistic parameters ................................................. 20 The term spyurk ................................... ..20 Other terminological concerns............... ................,.......,,..,..,.,,....21 Pre-Genocide diaspora............................... ...22 Post-Genocide diaspora.......................................................................................................25 Western Armenianness o f the diaspora.............................................................................. 26 Selecting critics and journals .............................................................................................. 28 The selection of the materials............................................................................................29 6 Comprehensive works on diaspora literature .........................................................29 Works on Armenian literary criticism........................................................................... ..31 The works..................................................................................................................................32 The importance o f this thesis .................................................................... 32 Objectives..................... 33 Methodology. .............................. 34 Organisation o f the thesis........................................................................................ 35 Chapter O ne.............................................................................................................. 35 Chapter Two ............................. .35 Chapter Three. ................................................................ 36 Chapter Four .................... ...............................................36 Chapter Five .................................. 36 Chapter Six..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff
    The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff This study appears as part III of Toumanoff's Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown, 1963), pp. 277-354. An earlier version appeared in the journal Le Muséon 72(1959), pp. 1-36 and 73(1960), pp. 73-106. The Orontids of Armenia Bibliography, pp. 501-523 Maps appear as an attachment to the present document. This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. I 1. The genesis of the Armenian nation has been examined in an earlier Study.1 Its nucleus, succeeding to the role of the Yannic nucleus ot Urartu, was the 'proto-Armenian,T Hayasa-Phrygian, people-state,2 which at first oc- cupied only a small section of the former Urartian, or subsequent Armenian, territory. And it was, precisely, of the expansion of this people-state over that territory, and of its blending with the remaining Urartians and other proto- Caucasians that the Armenian nation was born. That expansion proceeded from the earliest proto-Armenian settlement in the basin of the Arsanias (East- ern Euphrates) up the Euphrates, to the valley of the upper Tigris, and espe- cially to that of the Araxes, which is the central Armenian plain.3 This expand- ing proto-Armenian nucleus formed a separate satrapy in the Iranian empire, while the rest of the inhabitants of the Armenian Plateau, both the remaining Urartians and other proto-Caucasians, were included in several other satrapies.* Between Herodotus's day and the year 401, when the Ten Thousand passed through it, the land of the proto-Armenians had become so enlarged as to form, in addition to the Satrapy of Armenia, also the trans-Euphratensian vice-Sa- trapy of West Armenia.5 This division subsisted in the Hellenistic phase, as that between Greater Armenia and Lesser Armenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
    Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
    Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE on the Trail of Armenian Women's History
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE On The Trail of Armenian Women’s History By Sona Zeitlian GLENDALE, CA On Friday, June 13, 2014, at 7pm, Sona Zeitlian will present her newly published book On the Trail of Armenian Women’s History at the Glendale Central Library Auditorium, 222 East Harvard Street in Glendale. The presentation is in Armenian. Admission is free. Library visitors receive 3 hours FREE parking across the street at The Market Place parking structure with validation at the Loan Desk. On the Trail of Armenian Women’s History is a comprehensive study of Armenian women from goddesses to modern times, reflecting national values and the prominence of women. It examines the role of women in the cultural renaissance of Constantinople and Tbilisi, focusing on the writings of prominent female authors, and discusses the organization and impact of the first women’s movement. The book also examines the effects of the Armenian Genocide and the mass deportations of women and children. The resilience of survivors and women’s organizations’ sustained relief efforts to meet the multiple challenges draw from unpublished witness accounts and extensive research. Finally, the challenges of diasporan Armenian women in modern times is examined. The study has also compiled maps and photographs, some of which belong to personal collections and appear in print for the first time. The book was granted the Kevork Melidinetsi 2013 Award. Sona Zeitlian was born in Cairo, Egypt. She is an award winning educator and author with a long career of community activism and leadership in Cairo, Beirut, and Los Angeles. Her writings have focused on Armenian mythology and legends, folk tales based on the Armenian oral tradition, Armenian women's intellectual history, the rights movement and current issues of Armenian women in the homeland and diaspora.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenian Involvement in the 1925-1946 Kurdish Rebellions in Republican Turkey: Trying to Map the Origins of “Hidden Armenians
    Armenian Involvement in the 1925-1946 Kurdish Rebellions in Republican Turkey: Trying to Map the Origins of “Hidden Armenians By: GARABET K MOUMDJIAN Abstract: The history of Armenian-Kurdish relations extends over centuries. In the 1800’s, Armenians were involved in the Kurdish rebellions in Kurdistan proper. The rebellions were crushed by Ottoman military might.1 After the Armenian Genocide of 1915, a new phase of Armenian involvement in yet a new episode of Kurdish rebellions ensued in Republican Turkey. This new collusion lasted all the way to the late 1930s. The aim of the ARF (Armenian Revolutionary Federation, AKA Tashnagtsutyune) at the time was twofold: Dispersion into the Middle East was considered to be a temporary sojourn and the ARF was adamant in its thinking that Armenians should repatriate to their historic homeland. The ARF attempted such an adventurous plan due to its knowledge that many pockets of Armenians—ergo, what would later become known as “Hidden Armenians”—existed in the Eastern Provinces of the newly established Turkish Republic. Toward the end of World War II there was some optimism that the Soviet Union could reoccupy some of the historical Western Armenian lands and incorporate them into the Soviet Armenian Republic. The ARF, regardless of its ideological opposition to the Soviet Union at the time, agreed to a détente with its arch-enemy for such a nascent purpose. Having access to archival material from republican Turkey, the Soviet Union, Armenia, France, Britain, as well as the memoirs and letters of some prominent ARF leaders involved in the Kurdish rebellions of the time creates a unique opportunity to present a more detailed account about the period under.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Armenian Feminist Literature Within Feminist Discourse
    YOU HAVE A VOICE HERE: IMPLEMENTING ARMENIAN FEMINIST LITERATURE WITHIN FEMINIST DISCOURSE By Grace Hart A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in English: Applied English Studies Committee Membership Dr. Christina Accomando, Committee Chair Dr. Lisa Tremain, Committee Member Dr. Janet Winston, Program Graduate Coordinator July 2020 “Writing is dangerous because we are afraid of what the writing reveals, the fears, the angers, the strengths of a woman under a triple or quadruple oppression. Yet in that very act lies our survival because a woman who writes has power. And a woman with power is feared.” - Gloria Anzaldúa ABSTRACT YOU HAVE A VOICE HERE: IMPLEMENTING ARMENIAN FEMINIST LITERATURE WITHIN FEMINIST DISCOURSE Grace Hart This project melds personal narrative with literary criticism, as it excavates the literature of Armenian writer and political activist Zabel Yessayan, particularly with her novel My Soul in Exile and memoir The Gardens of Silihdar. I argue that the voice of Zabel Yessayan should be included in the feminist women of color discourse within institutions in the United States. I develop this argument by bringing in the works of Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa’s anthology This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color and showing parallels in themes and lenses such as excavating traumatic histories, the importance of personal identity, and using writing as a form of resistance. Zabel Yessayan’s texts and This Bridge both comprise stories conveying the theme of residing in the “in-between,” and topics concerning womanhood, culture, identity, alienation and isolation.
    [Show full text]
  • Buradan Yönetildiği Ile Ilgili Bir Kanı Vardır
    ERMENİ ARAŞTIRMALARI Dört Aylık Tarih, Politika ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi sayı Olaylar ve Yorumlar 45 Ömer E. LÜTEM 2013 Ermenistan-Azerbaycan Çatışmasının Yakın Geleceği: Barış mı? Savaş mı? Yoksa Ateşkes mi? Emin ŞIHALIYEV İngiltere’nin Kafkasya Politikası ve Ermeni Sorunu (1917-1918) Tolga BAŞAK Levon Ter Petrosyan’ın “XII. ve XIII. Yüzyılda Kilikya Ermenileri Kültüründe Asurilerin Rolü” Adlı Eserinde Süryani-Ermeni İlişkileri Yıldız Deveci BOZKUŞ Ermeni Siyasal Düşüncesinde Terörizm Hatem CABBARLI Türkiye’nin Dış Politikasına Etkisi Bakımından 2015’e Doğru Ermeni Lobisi Ömer Faruk AN KİTAP ÖZETİ GÜNCEL BELGELER ERMENİ ARAŞTIRMALARI Dört Aylık, Tarih, Politika ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 2013, Sayı 45 YAYIN SAHİBİ Ali Kenan ERBULAN SORUMLU YAZI İŞLERİ MÜDÜRÜ Aslan Yavuz ŞİR YAZI KURULU Alfabetik Sıra İle Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK Prof. Dr. Bayram KODAMAN (Türk Tarih Kurumu, (Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi) Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ Doç. Dr. Erol KÜRKÇÜOĞLU (Milletvekili, E. Büyükelçi) (Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri Araştırma Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Merkezi Müdürü, Atatürk Üniversitesi) (Ankara Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI Prof. Dr. Yusuf HALAÇOĞLU (Marmara Üniversitesi) (Gazi Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR Dr. Erdal İLTER (Siyaset Bilimci) (Tarihçi, Yazar) Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY Dr. Yaşar KALAFAT (Tarihçi) (Tarihçi, Yazar) Dr. Bilal ŞİMŞİR Doç. Dr. Davut KILIÇ (E. Büyükelçi, Tarihçi) (Fırat Üniversitesi) Pulat TACAR (E. Büyükelçi) DANIŞMA KURULU Alfabetik Sıra İle Prof. Dr. Dursun Ali AKBULUT Prof. Dr. Nuri KÖSTÜKLÜ (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi) (Selçuk Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kalerya BELOVA Andrew MANGO (Uluslararası İlişkiler Enstitüsü) (Gazeteci, Yazar) Prof. Dr. Salim CÖHCE Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY (İnönü Üniversitesi) (Louisville Üniversitesi) Edward ERICKSON Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARMENIAN Mirrorc SPECTATOR Since 1932
    THE ARMENIAN MIRRORc SPECTATOR Since 1932 Volume LXXXXI, NO. 42, Issue 4684 MAY 8, 2021 $2.00 Rep. Kazarian Is Artsakh Toun Proposes Housing Solution Passionate about For 2020 Artsakh War Refugees Public Service By Harry Kezelian By Aram Arkun Mirror-Spectator Staff Mirror-Spectator Staff EAST PROVIDENCE, R.I. — BRUSSELS — One of the major results Katherine Kazarian was elected of the Artsakh War of 2020, along with the Majority Whip of the Rhode Island loss of territory in Artsakh, is the dislocation State House in January, but she’s no of tens of thousands of Armenians who have stranger to politics. The 30-year-old lost their homes. Their ability to remain in Rhode Island native was first elected Artsakh is in question and the time remain- to the legislative body 8 years ago ing to solve this problem is limited. Artsakh straight out of college at age 22. Toun is a project which offers a solution. Kazarian is a fighter for her home- The approach was developed by four peo- town of East Providence and her Ar- ple, architects and menian community in Rhode Island urban planners and around the world. And despite Movses Der Kev- the partisan rancor of the last several orkian and Sevag years, she still loves politics. Asryan, project “It’s awesome, it’s a lot of work, manager and co- but I do love the job. And we have ordinator Grego- a great new leadership team at the ry Guerguerian, in urban planning, architecture, renovation Khanumyan estimated that there are State House.” and businessman and construction site management in Arme- around 40,000 displaced people willing to Kazarian was unanimously elect- and philanthropist nia, Belgium and Lebanon.
    [Show full text]
  • Shushi Anniversary Marked French Senate Drops Genocide Denial Bill
    MAY 14, 2011 MirTHE rARoMENr IAN -Spe ctator Volume LXXXI, NO. 42, Issue 4188 $ 2.00 NEWS IN BRIEF The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Yovanovitch to Leave Shushi Armenia in June YEREVAN (Azg) — US Ambassador to Armenia Marie Yovanovitch will conclude her three-year tour, the US Embassy in Armenia reported on Anniversary May 5. Yovanovitch will return to Washington, DC to take up her new duties as deputy assistant sec - Marked retary for Northern and Central Europe at the US Department of State, in June. Sargisian Warns Azerbaijan France-based Against Hostile Moves Participants of Artsakh SHUSHI, Karabagh (RFE/RL) — President Serge Sargisian warned War Receive Honors Azerbaijan against attempting to resolve PARIS (Armenpress) — A medal ceremony for the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict by force on Armenian and Diaspora-Armenian participants of Monday as he visited the disputed territory the Artsakh War was held May 6 at the AGBU Alex to mark the 19th anniversary of a key Manoogian Cultural Center here. Armenian military victory. Ani Cathedral An official from the Armenian Foreign Affairs “We silenced, and if need be will silence Ministry said that Hayk Harutunyan, chairman again all those fire spots from where our of the Azatamartik military-patriotic benevolent World Monuments Fund to children and our parents were shot,” he NGO, former commander of the Sose Mayrik said in a written address to the nation. Detachment, gave the Azatamartik memorial “However, I hope that it will not be neces - order to six France-based participants of the Conserve Ani Cathedral sary: our troops, who are guarding peace of Artsakh War.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
    Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary
    [Show full text]
  • Peace in Caucasus
    APRIL 23, 2016 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVI, NO. 40, Issue 4434 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Gymnast Houry Gebeshian Qualifies for Olympics RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil — Armenian- American gymnast Houry Gebeshian will be the first female gymnast to represent Armenia at the Olympics, after placing 21st out of 36 competitors and qualifying at the Pre- Olympic Test Event in Rio on April 17. Gebeshian was born in Auburndale, Mass. in 1989, Armenian Genocide Commemoration Billboards Installed in Massachusetts but obtained Armenian citi- zenship in 2010 to be eligi- WATERTOWN — Peace of Art, Inc. continues its annual leaders and dignitaries, including French President Francois ble to compete for Armenia. Armenian Genocide commemoration campaign in various Hollande, Russian President Vladimir Putin, the presidents of She lives in Cleveland, Ohio. Massachusetts cities during the month of April with digital bill- Serbia and Cyprus. Together they placed their roses into the She was admitted to this final qualifier due to boards dedicated to the 101st anniversary of the Armenian main Centennial wreath. It would have been wonderful to see a strong performance at the first round in the Genocide. “On April 24, 2015 at the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian the U.S. president himself in attendance, placing a rose in 2015 World Championships at Glasgow last Genocide memorial in Yerevan, I participated in the 100th memory of the 1.5 million Armenian Christian victims of 1915 October. anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. I witnessed Armenian to 1923,” Said Daniel Varoujan Hejinian, president and Gebeshian has a GoFundMe page children presenting a yellow rose to each of the many foreign founder of Peace of Art, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • The HOMENETMEN LEADER's GUIDE
    The HOMENETMEN LEADER’S GUIDE Հ.Մ.Ը.Մ.ական ՂԵԿԱՎԱՐԻ ՈՒՂԵՑՈՅՑ English Version Second Edition 2.1 February 2019 Prepared by: Dr. Shahe Yeni-Komshian Commissioned by: Homenetmen Western USA Regional Executive Board Sponsored by: Homenetmen Central Executive Board The content of the Homenetmen Leader’s Guide includes original writings by SY, as well as edited past documents and/or reproduction of already prepared documents. The Guide is available on-line as an e-document, at: www. Homenetmen.net The Homenetmen Leader’s Guide was Developed on the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of HOMENETMEN As a Tribute to its Remarkable Contribution to Armenian Society, In the Hopes of Educating Future Generations of Leaders to Carry on the Torch. SY 2 PREFACE Homenetmen has bylaws, rules and regulations, but no formal leadership development program. Governing bodies also do not have a comprehensive orientation guide for new board members. Hence this guidebook. This Guide is primarily written for the leadership of Western USA Region. However, the entire Homenetmen family with all of its Regions and Chapters could use this guidebook, with minor adjustments of region specific information. WHY Do We Need to HAVE a GUIDE for LEADERS? Every nonprofit organization needs a board development process. Homenetmen has to give tools to those leaders who are expected to lead our youth, to better explain to them their role and responsibilities, educate them about their position and functions and help improve their performance. Quality leaders are better mentors. This Guide may be utilized for two purposes: 1. As a reference handbook, adopted by any Homenetmen leader, or 2.
    [Show full text]