The Structure of Stilpnomelane Reexamined
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Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Approaches to the Low Grade Metamorphic History of the Karakaya Complex by Chlorite Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Minerals 2015, 5, 221-246; doi:10.3390/min5020221 OPEN ACCESS minerals ISSN 2075-163X www.mdpi.com/journal/minerals Article Approaches to the Low Grade Metamorphic History of the Karakaya Complex by Chlorite Mineralogy and Geochemistry Sema Tetiker 1, Hüseyin Yalçın 2,* and Ömer Bozkaya 3 1 Department of Geological Engineering, Batman University, 72100 Batman, Turkey; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Geological Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey 3 Department of Geological Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +90-0542-412-16-19. Academic Editor: Antonio Simonetti Received: 18 November 2014 / Accepted: 9 April 2015 / Published: 16 April 2015 Abstract: In this study, chlorite is used to investigate the diagenetic-metamorphic evolution and accurate geological history of the different units belonging to the Karakaya complex, Turkey. Primary and secondary chlorite minerals in the very low-grade metamorphic rocks display interference colors of blue and brown and an appearance of optical isotropy. Chlorites are present in the matrix, pores, and/or rocks units as platy/flaky and partly radial forms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicate that Mg-Fe chlorites with entirely IIb polytype (trioctahedral) exhibit a variety of compositions, such as brunsvigite-diabantite-chamosite. The major element contents and structural formulas of chlorite also suggest these were derived from both felsic and metabasic source rocks. Trace and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of chlorites increase with increasing grade of metamorphism, and these geochemical changes can be related to the tectonic structures, formational mechanics, and environments present during their generation. -
List of Abbreviations
List of Abbreviations Ab albite Cbz chabazite Fa fayalite Acm acmite Cc chalcocite Fac ferroactinolite Act actinolite Ccl chrysocolla Fcp ferrocarpholite Adr andradite Ccn cancrinite Fed ferroedenite Agt aegirine-augite Ccp chalcopyrite Flt fluorite Ak akermanite Cel celadonite Fo forsterite Alm almandine Cen clinoenstatite Fpa ferropargasite Aln allanite Cfs clinoferrosilite Fs ferrosilite ( ortho) Als aluminosilicate Chl chlorite Fst fassite Am amphibole Chn chondrodite Fts ferrotscher- An anorthite Chr chromite makite And andalusite Chu clinohumite Gbs gibbsite Anh anhydrite Cld chloritoid Ged gedrite Ank ankerite Cls celestite Gh gehlenite Anl analcite Cp carpholite Gln glaucophane Ann annite Cpx Ca clinopyroxene Glt glauconite Ant anatase Crd cordierite Gn galena Ap apatite ern carnegieite Gp gypsum Apo apophyllite Crn corundum Gr graphite Apy arsenopyrite Crs cristroballite Grs grossular Arf arfvedsonite Cs coesite Grt garnet Arg aragonite Cst cassiterite Gru grunerite Atg antigorite Ctl chrysotile Gt goethite Ath anthophyllite Cum cummingtonite Hbl hornblende Aug augite Cv covellite He hercynite Ax axinite Czo clinozoisite Hd hedenbergite Bhm boehmite Dg diginite Hem hematite Bn bornite Di diopside Hl halite Brc brucite Dia diamond Hs hastingsite Brk brookite Dol dolomite Hu humite Brl beryl Drv dravite Hul heulandite Brt barite Dsp diaspore Hyn haiiyne Bst bustamite Eck eckermannite Ill illite Bt biotite Ed edenite Ilm ilmenite Cal calcite Elb elbaite Jd jadeite Cam Ca clinoamphi- En enstatite ( ortho) Jh johannsenite bole Ep epidote -
Minerals Found in Michigan Listed by County
Michigan Minerals Listed by Mineral Name Based on MI DEQ GSD Bulletin 6 “Mineralogy of Michigan” Actinolite, Dickinson, Gogebic, Gratiot, and Anthonyite, Houghton County Marquette counties Anthophyllite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirinaugite, Marquette County Antigorite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirine, Marquette County Apatite, Baraga, Dickinson, Houghton, Iron, Albite, Dickinson, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Monroe and Marquette counties counties Algodonite, Baraga, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Aphrosiderite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette Ontonagon counties counties Allanite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette counties Apophyllite, Houghton, and Keweenaw counties Almandite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, and Marquette Aragonite, Gogebic, Iron, Jackson, Marquette, and counties Monroe counties Alunite, Iron County Arsenopyrite, Marquette, and Menominee counties Analcite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Atacamite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Anatase, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Augite, Dickinson, Genesee, Gratiot, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Andalusite, Iron, and Marquette counties Awarurite, Marquette County Andesine, Keweenaw County Axinite, Gogebic, and Marquette counties Andradite, Dickinson County Azurite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Anglesite, Marquette County Ontonagon counties Anhydrite, Bay, Berrien, Gratiot, Houghton, Babingtonite, Keweenaw County Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kent, Keweenaw, Macomb, Manistee, -
Stilpnomelane K(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)
2+ 3+ Stilpnomelane K(Fe ; Mg; Fe )8(Si; Al)12(O; OH)27 c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1: As plates or scales and ¯bers with comb structures; as plumose or radiating groups, to 1 cm; as a velvety coating. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on 001 , imperfect on 010 . Hardness = 3{4 D(meas.) = 2.59{2.96 D(calc.) = 2.667 f g f g Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: Black, greenish black, yellowish bronze, greenish bronze; in thin section, golden brown, dark brown, green. Luster: Pearly to vitreous on cleavage surface, may be submetallic. Optical Class: Biaxial ({). Pleochroism: X = bright golden yellow to pale yellow; Y = Z = deep reddish brown to deep green to nearly black. Orientation: Y = b; X (001). ® = 1.543{1.634 ¯ = 1.576{1.745 ° = 1.576{1.745 2V(meas.) = 0 ' ? » ± Cell Data: Space Group: P 1: a = 21.86{22.05 b = 21.86{22.05 c = 17.62{17.74 ® = 124:14 125:65 ¯ = 95:86 95:93 ° = 120:00 Z = 6 ±¡ ± ±¡ ± ± X-ray Powder Pattern: Crystal Falls, Iron Co., Michigan, USA. 12.3 (100), 4.16 (100), 2.55 (100), 2.69 (70), 3.12 (60), 1.568 (60), 6.26 (50) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SiO2 44.45 48.03 MgO 2.77 4.94 TiO2 0.23 CaO 0.53 0.83 Al2O3 7.26 6.48 Na2O 0.03 Fe2O3 20.82 4.12 K2O 2.06 0.83 + FeO 14.04 22.88 H2O 6.41 6.90 MnO 0.05 2.67 H2O¡ 1.35 2.64 Total 99.77 100.55 (1) Zuckmantel, Poland. -
Known Minerals
Recognition and Description of Minerals - Knowns ISOTROPIC MINERALS Halite NaCl Sylvite KCl Fluorite CaF2 Periclase MgO 2+ 3+ Garnet (Ca,Mg,Fe ,Mn)3Al,Fe ,Cr)2(SiO4)3 ERSC 2P22 – Brock University Greg Finn Recognition and Description of Minerals - Knowns UNIAXIAL MINERALS Quartz SiO2 Calcite CaCO3 Nepheline NaAlSiO4 Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) Zircon ZrSiO4 Tourmaline Boro-Silicate ERSC 2P22 – Brock University Greg Finn Recognition and Description of Minerals - Knowns BIAXIAL MINERALS Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Orthopyroxene (Mg,Fe)2Si2O6 Clinopyroxene (Ca,Mg,Fe,Al)2Si2O6 Hornblende Ca2(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si8O22(OH)2 Tremolite Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 Actinolite Ca2Fe5Si8O22(OH)2 Biotite K2(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Chlorite (Mg,Al,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2*(Mg,Al,Fe)3(OH)6 Plagioclase (Na,Ca)Al(Al,Si)Si2O8 Alkali Feldspar KAlSi3O8 ERSC 2P22 – Brock University Greg Finn 1 Features Useful in the Identification of a Mineral • Shape of grains • Degree of crystallinity • Cleavage • Twinning • Alteration • Associations ERSC 2P22 – Brock University Greg Finn Shape of grains • Acicular needle-like grains (actinolite, tremolite) • Bladed elongate, slender (hornblende) • Columnar elongate with equidimensional cross sections (quartz, pyroxenes) • Equant equidimensional grains (quartz, olivine) • Fibrous grains form long slender fibers (asbestos, sillimanite) • Lathlike flat elongate grains (plagioclase) • Prismatic crystal faces defined by prism (apatite) • Tabular book shape (plagioclase) ERSC 2P22 – Brock University Greg Finn Bladed Grains Hornblende © G.C. Finn, 2005 ERSC 2P22 – Brock University Greg Finn 2 Equant Grains qtz qtz © G.C. Finn, 2005 © G.C. Finn, 2005 ol ol © G.C. -
Initiation and Evolution of Subduction: T-T-D History of the Easton Metamorphic Suite, Northwest Washington State
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Fall 2017 Initiation and Evolution of Subduction: T-t-D History of the Easton Metamorphic Suite, Northwest Washington State Jeremy Cordova Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Cordova, Jeremy, "Initiation and Evolution of Subduction: T-t-D History of the Easton Metamorphic Suite, Northwest Washington State" (2017). WWU Graduate School Collection. 626. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/626 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INITIATION AND EVOLUTION OF SUBDUCTION: T-t-D HISTORY OF THE EASTON METAMORPHIC SUITE, NORTHWEST WASHINGTON STATE By Jeremy Cordova Accepted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Geology ADVISORY COMMITTEE Co-Chair, Dr. Elizabeth Schermer Co-Chair, Dr. Sean Mulcahy Dr. Susan DeBari GRADUATE SCHOOL Dr. Gautam Pillay, Dean Master’s Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non- exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
NOTES ON ANGLESITE, ANTHOPHYLLITE, CALCITE, DATOLITE, SILLIMANITE, STILPNOMELANE, TETRA- HEDRITE AND TRIPLITE. By Eael V. Shannon, Assistant Curator, Department of Geology, United States National Museum. ANGLESITE CRYSTALS FROM GUNNISON COUNTY, COLORADO. A specimen in the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 83,588) , which was received from the United States Geological Sur- vey in 1895, contains numerous small crystals of anglesite. This specimen was collected by S. F. Emmons in the Daisy Mine, Redwell Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado. The specimen consists of a mass of ocherous and cellular limonite, upon and in the cavities of which the anglesite crystals are scattered. These crystals, which reach an extreme diameter of about 7 milli- meters, are all identical in CO mbination but V^ "'^ differ slightly in form, / \ o the larger individuals being tabular parallel to d{102), while the smaller and more per- fect crystals are pris- Fig. 1.—Crystal of anglesite. matic by elongation par- allel to the b axis, the appearance being as illustrated in figure 1. The forms identified on these crystals are as follows: Pinacoids, c (001). 5(010). Prisms, 7^1(110), x(130). Domes, o (Oil), t?(021), <^( 102)! Pyramid, s(132). The faces of the prism x{lS()) and the pyramid s(132) are com- pletely rounded and etched. The remaining faces are brilliant and yield excellent reflections of the signal, although the dome d{102) is commonly striated parallel to the elongation. ANGLESITE CRYSTALS FROM THE TINTIC DISTRICT, UTAH. The anglesites from the Tintic district are now rather widely dis- tributed and are consequently well known. -
Modulated 2:1 Layer Silicates: Review, Systematics, and Predictions
American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 724-738, 1987 Modulated 2:1 layer silicates: Review, systematics, and predictions SrnprrnN Guccturrcrlr Department of Geological Sciences,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60680, U.S.A. R. A. Eccr-nroN Department of Geology, Australian National University, P.O. Box 4, Canberra,A.C.T. 2600, Australia AssrRAcr A continuous or nearly continuous octahedralsheet places important constraints on the geometry and topology of the attached tetrahedra in modulated 2:l layer silicates.A plot of the average radius size of the tetrahedral cations vs. the average radius size of the octahedralcations shows the distribution of structureswith respectto misfit of tetrahedral and octahedral (T-O) sheets,with modulated structuresforming when misfit is large. It is tentatively concluded that such misfit is a requirement for modulated structuresto form. It is evident that misfit of T-O sheetsis a limiting factor for geometrical stability. On the basis of tetrahedral topology, modulated 2;l layer silicates are divided into two major categories,islandlike (e.g., zussmanite, stilpnomelane) and striplike (e.g., minnesotaite, ganophyllite) structures.Bannisterite, which is more complex, most closely approximates islandlike structures.The plot involving cation radii is useful as a predictive tool to identify modulated structures,and parasettensiteand gonyeriteare identified as possiblenew mem- bers of the group. Diffraction data suggestthat parsettensite has a variation of the stilpnomelane structure with smaller islandlike regions and gonyerite has a modulated chlorite structure. Chemical mechanismsto eliminate misfit of T-O sheetsusually involve Al substitutions. Becausemodulated 2:l layer silicatescommonly occur in Al-deficient environments, struc- tural mechanisms are usually a requirement to eliminate misfit of component sheets. -
An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals
Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3751723/9780903056434_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals Third Edition W. A. DEER{, FRS Emeritus Professor of Mineralogy & Petrology, University of Cambridge R. A. HOWIE{ Emeritus Professor of Mineralogy, University of London J. ZUSSMAN Emeritus Professor of Geology, University of Manchester { Sadly, Professors Deer and Howie died while this edition was in preparation The Mineralogical Society London Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3751723/9780903056434_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 The Mineralogical Society First published 1966 Second edition 1992 Third edition 2013 # W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman 1966 Second edition # W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman 1992 This edition # W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman 2013 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. First published 1966 Second edition 1992 Third edition 2013 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Deer, W. A. An introduction to the rock-forming minerals. – 3rd ed. I. Title II. Howie, R. A. III. Zussman, J. 549 ISBN 978-0903056-33-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Deer, W. A. (William Alexander) An introduction to the rock-forming minerals/W. -
Spectroscopic Comparison of Lafayette & MIL 03346 Vein-Filling
11th International GeoRaman Conference (2014) 5004.pdf Spectroscopic comparison of Lafayette & MIL 03346 vein-filling materials. K. E. Kuebler [email protected] Introduction: The primary goal of this project is to 2004 with a few modifications made per 1, 2]. At characterize the phyllosilicate alteration products in present, the database contains > 100 phyllosilicate Lafayette (or Nakhla) using correlated Raman Raman spectra (Figs. 1, 2), most of which are supported spectroscopic and EMP traverses much like those [1, 2] by EMPA and some by IR (some samples donated by performed on ALHA 77005 and MIL 03346. These ASU [7]). We would like to collect XRD patterns, more data are compared to the MIL traverses of [1]. IR spectra (several from each major group), and append Preliminary Raman traverses were collected on the database (especially the clays). We anticipate that Lafayette by [3, data reused here] but this work is this data will lead to 2 or 3 new mineral calibrations hindered by traces of a former carbon coat and need to (e.g., biotite and chlorite – per [8, 9]); Tschermak, AlIV be recollected. and AlVI, F/OH substitutions will have to be explored. These data reflect the status of the phyllosilicate Major Raman spectral features of phyllosilicates: database initiated by the Planetary Surface Materials Wang et al. [8] discuss the major features of Research Group at Washington University during the dioctahedral and trioctahedral phyllosilicates using four development of the MMRS [4–6, originally compiled in spectral regions: < 600 cm-1, 600 – 800 cm-1, 800 – -1 -1 standard biotite and chlorite spectra 1150 cm , and 3000 – 3800 cm . -
Geothermobarometry of Quartzphyllites, Orthogneisses And
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Volume 105/3 Vienna 2012 Geothermobarometry of quartzphyllites, orthogneisses and greenschists of the Austroalpine basement nappes in the northern Zillertal (Innsbruck Quartzphyllite Complex, Kellerjochgneiss, Wildschönau Schists; Tyrol, Eastern Alps)________________________________________________ Peter TROPPER*) & Andreas PIBER KEYWORDS Innsbruck Quartzphyllites Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Faculty of Geo- and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Wildschönau Schists Innrain 52f, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; geothermobarometry Kellerjochgneiss *) Corresponding author, [email protected] Eo-Alpine Abstract The Innsbruck Quartzphyllite Complex (IQP), the Kellerjochgneiss (KG) and the Wildschönau Schists (WS) are part of the Austro- alpine basement nappes north of the Tauern Window. These tectonic units occur in the northern Zillertal and in this study we present P-T data from all three units. The quartzphyllites of the IQP contain the mineral assemblage muscovite + albite + quartz + chlorite ± biotite, which is identical to the mineral assemblage in the WS. In the KG remnants of the magmatic precursor mineral assemblage K-feldspar + albite + previously Ti-rich biotite porphyroblasts are present. The Eo-Alpine mineral assemblage consists of muscovite + biotite + albite + chlorite + quartz ± stilpnomelane. P-T estimates obtained with multi-equilibrium geothermobarometry (THERMO- CALC v.3.1, TWQ v.1.02) of a biotite-bearing quartzphyllite sample from the IQP range from 3.8 kbar to 5.9 kbar and 296 to 360°C. Lack of biotite in most of the samples of the IQP prohibits calculations of invariant intersections and consequently, only limiting pres- sure estimates of 3.5 kbar to 6 kbar in a temperature range of 300-400°C, based on the reaction paragonite + celadonite = muscovite + albite + clinochlore + quartz + H2O, can be obtained.