DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Compilation of Descriptive Geoenvironmental Mineral Deposit Models

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preliminary Compilation of Descriptive Geoenvironmental Mineral Deposit Models U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Preliminary compilation of descriptive geoenvironmental mineral deposit models Edward A. du Bray1 , Editor Open-File Report 95-831 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 'Denver, Colorado 1995 CONTENTS Geoenvironmental models of mineral deposits-fundamentals and applications, by G.S. Plumlee and J.T. Nash ................................................. 1 Bioavailability of metals, by D.A. John and J.S. Leventhal ................................... 10 Geophysical methods in exploration and mineral environmental investigations, by D.B. Hoover, D.P. Klein, and D.C. Campbell ............................................... 19 Magmatic sulfide deposits, by M.P. Foose, M.L. Zientek, and D.P. Klein ......................... 28 Serpentine- and carbonate-hosted asbestos deposits, by C.T. Wrucke. ............................ 39 Carbonatite deposits, by P.J. Modreski, T.J. Armbrustmacher, and D.B. Hoover .................... 47 Th-rare earth element vein deposits, by T.J. Armbrustmacher, P.J. Modreski, D.B. Hoover, and D.P. Klein ........................................................... 50 Sn and (or) W skarn and replacement deposits, by J.M. Hammarstrom, J.E. Elliott, B.B. Kotlyar, T.G. Theodore, J.T. Nash, D.A. John, D.B. Hoover, and D.H. Knepper, Jr. ................. 54 Vein and greisen Sn and W deposits, by J.E. Elliott, R.J. Kamilli, W.R. Miller, and K.E. Livo ......... 62 Climax Mo deposits, by S. Ludington, A.A. Bookstrom, R.J. Kamilli, B.M. Walker, and D.P. Klein ...... 70 Porphyry Cu deposits, by L.J. Cox, M.A. Chaffee, D.P. Cox, and Douglas P. Klein .................. 75 Cu, Au, and Pb-Zn skarn deposits, by J.M. Hammarstrom, B.B. Kotlyar, T.G. Theodore, J.E. Elliott, D.A. John, J.L. Doebrich, J.T. Nash, R.R. Carlson, G.K. Lee, K.E. Livo, and D.P. Klein ........ 90 Fe skarn deposits, by J.M. Hammarstrom, T.G. Theodore, B.B. Kotlyar, J.L. Doebrich, J.E. Elliott, J.T. Nash, D.A. John, and K.E. Livo .................................. 112 Polymetallic vein and replacement deposits, by G.S. Plumlee, M. Montour, C.D. Taylor, A.R. Wallace, and D.P. Klein ................................................ 121 Au-Ag-Te vein deposits, by K.D. Kelley, T.J. Armbrustmacher, and D.P. Klein ................... 130 Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits, by C.D. Taylor, R.A. Zierenberg, R.J. Goldfarb, J.E. Kilburn, R.R. Seal, II, and M.D. Kleinkopf. ................................... 137 Blackbird Co-Cu deposits, by K.V. Evans, J.T. Nash, W.R. Miller, M.D. Kleinkopf, and D.L. Campbell ....................................................... 145 Creede, Comstock and Sado epithermal vein deposits, by G.S. Plumlee, K.S. Smith, B.R. Berger, N. Foley-Ayuso, and D.P. Klein ..................................... 152 Epithermal quartz-alunite Au deposits, by G.S. Plumlee, K.S. Smith, J.E. Gray, and D.B. Hoover ....... 162 Epithermal Mn deposits, by D.L. Mosier and D.L. Campbell ................................ 170 Rhyolite-hosted Sn deposits, by E.E. Foord, R.A. Ayuso, D.B. Hoover, and D.P. Klein .............. 174 Low-Ti iron oxide Cu-U-Au-REE deposits, by M.P. Foose and V.J.S. Grauch .................... 179 Carlin-type Au deposits, by A.H. Hofstra, J.S. Leventhal, D.J. Grimes, and W.D. Heran .............. 184 Almaden Hg deposits, by J.J. Rytuba and D.P. Klein ...................................... 193 Silica-carbonate Hg deposits, by J.J. Rytuba and M.D. Kleinkopf ............................. 199 Stibnite-quartz deposits, by R.R. Seal, II, J.D. Bliss, and D.L. Campbell ........................ 204 Algoma Fe deposits, by W.F. Cannon, D.G. Hadley, and R.J. Horton .......................... 209 Sediment-hosted Cu deposits, by D.A. Lindsey, L.G. Woodruff, W.F. Cannon, D.P. Cox, and W.D. Heran ......................................................... 214 Sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, by K.D. Kelley, R.R. Seal, II, J.M. Schmidt, D.B. Hoover, and D.P. Klein ................................................ 225 Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn deposits, by D.L. Leach, J.B. Viets, N. Foley-Ayuso, and D.P. Klein ..... 234 Solution collapse breccia pipe U deposits, by KJ. Wenrich, B.S. Van Gosen, and W.I. Finch .......... 244 Superior Fe deposits, by W.F. Cannon, D.G. Hadley, and R.J. Horton .......................... 252 Sedimentary Mn deposits, by E.R. Force, W.F. Cannon, and D.P. Klein ......................... 257 Low-sulfide Au quartz vein deposits, by R.J. Goldfarb, B.R. Berger, T.L. Klein, W.J. Pickthom, and D.P. Klein ............................................... 261 Stratabound Au deposits in iron formations, by E.H. DeWitt, W.D. Heran, and M.D. Kleinkopf ........ 268 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This preliminary compilation of geoenvironmental models represents a monumental effort, completed within a very short time frame, by the authors of the individual models. All of the authors are to be commended for a job well done. I wish to express my thanks to Bill Miller and Ted Theodore who agreed to review the first version of the compilation. This was a huge job, completed with remarkable swiftness, for which I am very grateful. I would also like to thank Alan Wallace, Gerry Czamanske, Steve Ludington, Jeff Doebrich, Gordon Haxel, David John, Dave Lindsey, Rob Zierenberg, Larry Drew, and George Desborough who reviewed various sections of the compilation. Doug Klein and Don Hoover coordinated synthesis of geophysical information pertinent to each of the geoenvironmental models; their efforts are much appreciated. Edward A. du Bray GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS OF MINERAL DEPOSITS- FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS by Geoffrey S. Plumlee and J. Thomas Nash INTRODUCTION Economic geologists recognize that mineral deposits can readily be classified according to similarities in their geologic characteristics (ore and gangue mineralogy, major- and trace-element geochemistry, host rock lithology, wall-rock alteration, physical aspects of ore, etc.), as well as their geologic setting (see for example, Guilbert and Park, 1986). Early geology-based classification schemes have evolved into mineral deposit models that classify deposits not only on the basis of geologic characteristics, but also on the basis of geophysical and geochemical characteristics and the genetic processes by which the deposits form (Cox and Singer, 1986; Bliss, 1992). These conceptual mineral deposit models form the basis for most modem mineral exploration methodologies, and have also been used as tools to help assess the potential for undiscovered mineral resources in regions with known geologic characteristics. A next step in the process of mineral deposit modeling is development of geology-based, geoenvironmental models for diverse mineral deposit types. Mineral deposit geology, as well as geochemical and biogeochemical processes, fundamentally control the environmental conditions that exist in naturally mineralized areas prior to mining, and conditions that result from mining and mineral processing. Other important natural controls, such as climate, and anthropogenic factors (including mining and mineral processing methods) mostly modify the environmental effects controlled by mineral deposit geology and geochemical processes. Thus, deposits of a given type that have similar geologic characteristics should also have similar environmental signatures that can be quantified by pertinent field and laboratory data and summarized hi a geoenvironmental model for that deposit type. Similarly, environmentally important geologic characteristics, such as the presence of an alteration type likely to produce highly acidic drainage water or an alteration type likely to help buffer acid drainage water, should also be common to most or all deposits of a given type, and thus can also be summarized hi a geoenvironmental model. As discussed below, the need for and use of geoenvironmental models are immediate and varied; these range from environmental prediction and mitigation, and baseline characterization, to grass-roots mineral exploration, and assessment of abandoned mine lands and mine-site remediation. This compilation presents preliminary geoenvironmental models for 32 mineral deposit types (or groups thereof) compiled by U.S. Geological Survey earth scientists and environmental geochemists using data available as of mid 1995. The geoenvironmental models follow the classification scheme of, and are numbered according to, the mineral deposit models presented by Cox and Singer (1986) and (Bliss, 1992), to which the reader is referred for additional information concerning the mineral deposit models. This first iteration of geoenvironmental model development has resulted primarily in descriptive summaries of environmentally important geologic characteristics for a variety of mineral deposit types; however, empirical data are included in some models. The models summarized herein should be considered as descriptive guides concerning potential environmental impact, not numeric tools applicable to quantitative risk assessment. Nonetheless, the models provide a basis for understanding and interpreting environmental processes related to mineral deposits in a systematic geologic context. An important goal of future investigations will be to integrate additional empirical data or environmental signatures for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geology and Mineral Deposits of the James River-Roanoke River Manganese District Virginia
    Geology and Mineral Deposits of the James River-Roanoke River Manganese District Virginia GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1008 Geology and Mineral ·Deposits oftheJatnes River-Roanoke River Manganese District Virginia By GILBERT H. ESPENSHADE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1008 A description of the geology anq mineral deposits, particularly manganese, of the James River-Roanoke River district UNITED STAT.ES GOVERNMENT, PRINTING. OFFICE• WASHINGTON : 1954 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS· Page Abstract---------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction______________________________________________________ 4 Location, accessibility, and culture_______________________________ 4 Topography, climate, and vegetation _______________ .,.. _______ ---___ 6 Field work and acknowledgments________________________________ 6 Previouswork_________________________________________________ 8 GeneralgeologY--------------------------------------------------- 9 Principal features ____________________________ -- __________ ---___ 9 Metamorphic rocks____________________________________________ 11 Generalstatement_________________________________________ 11 Lynchburg gneiss and associated igneous rocks________________ 12 Evington groUP------------------------------------------- 14 Candler formation_____________________________________ 14 Archer Creek formation________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy and Chemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Alkaline Ultramafic Rocks and Fluorite in the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District Warren H
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Kentucky Geological Survey Report of Kentucky Geological Survey Investigations 6-2019 Mineralogy and Chemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Alkaline Ultramafic Rocks and Fluorite in the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District Warren H. Anderson University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_ri Part of the Geology Commons Repository Citation Anderson, Warren H., "Mineralogy and Chemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Alkaline Ultramafic Rocks and Fluorite in the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District" (2019). Kentucky Geological Survey Report of Investigations. 55. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_ri/55 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Kentucky Geological Survey at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kentucky Geological Survey Report of Investigations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mineralogy and Chemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Alkaline Ultramafic Rocks and Fluorite in the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District Warren H. Anderson Report of Investigations 8 doi.org/10.13023/kgs.ri08.13 Series XIII, 2019 Cover Photo: Various alkaline ultramafic rocks showing porphyritic, brecciated, and aphanitic textures, in contact with host limestone and altered dike texture. From left to right: • Davidson North dike, Davidson core, YH-04, 800 ft depth. Lamprophyre with calcite veins, containing abundant rutile. • Coefield area, Billiton Minner core BMN 3. Intrusive breccia with lamprophyric (al- nöite) matrix. • Maple Lake area, core ML-1, 416 ft depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Preservation of Permian Fishes from the Marl Slate of County Durham
    DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES- DURHAM UNIVERSITY Prof. David Harper: [email protected] Dr Stuart Jones: [email protected] Preservation of Permian fishes from the Marl Slate of County Durham 1. Background The fossil fishes from the Permian Marl Slate (Fig.1) display superb preservation of palaeonis- A large fauna of beautifully-preserved fishes from coid fish from scales scattered sparingly to com- the Marl Slate was first described by William King plete whole specimens with extraordinary detail. in his landmark monograph on the Permian fossils of England, in 1850. The Marl Slate was deposited over large areas in middle Europe (extending from England to Russia) in a restricted, almost la- goonal environment; the setting is virtually unique in the stratigraphical record. Neverthe- less, we know little of the modes of preservation of the fishes, many of their life styles and their contribution to late Permian food webs. The po- tential too that soft parts may have been pre- served offers a unique opportunity to study the anatomy and decay processes of these Palaeozoic fishes. Outside Britain, the most closely compara- ble fish-bearing formation to the Marl Slate is the Kupferschiefer of Germany. This is a similar fine- grained, flaggy rock in which specimens are well preserved, flattened on individual laminae. The Kupferschiefer extends across north-west Europe (Lower Zechstein), and is regarded as marking a series of anoxic events prior to the main flooding of the Zechstein Basin in the first of five cycles Figure 1: Two examples of Palaeoniscus freislebenen- sis, Marl Slate, County Durham, UK The soft-part preservation remains because of se- lective preservation and subsequent diagenesis Key questions to study: to more resistant biopolymers.
    [Show full text]
  • Fault Rocks and Fault Mechanisms
    Fault rocks and fault mechanisms R. H. SIBSON SUMMARY Physical factors likely to affect the genesis of the with the production of mylonite series rocks various fault rocks--frictional properties, tem- possessing strong tectonite fabrics. In some cases, perature, effective stress normal to the fault and fault rocks developed by transient seismic fault- differential stress--are examined in relation to ing can be distinguished from those generated the energy budget of fault zones, the main by slow aseismic shear. Random-fabric fault velocity modes of faulting and the type of fault- rocks may form as a result of seismic faulting ing, whether thrust, wrench, or normal. In a within the ductile shear zones from time to conceptual model of a major fault zone cutting time, but tend to be obliterated by continued crystalline quartzo-feldspathic crust, a zone of shearing. Resistance to shear within the fault elastico-frictional (EF) behaviour generating zone reaches a peak value (greatest for thrusts random-fabric fault rocks (gouge--breccia-- and least for normal faults) around the EF/OP cataclasite series--pseudotachylyte) overlies a transition level, which for normal geothermal region where quasi-plastic (QP) processes of gradients and an adequate supply of water, rock deformation operate in ductile shear zones occurs at depths of lO-15 km. SINCE LAPWORTH'$ (I885) description of the type mylonite from the Moine Thrust in NW Scotland, there have been many petrographic descriptions and classifications of the texturally distinctive rocks found associated with fault zones (e.g. Waters & Campbell 1935, Hsu 1955, Christie 196o , 1963, Reed 1964, Spry I969, Higgins 1971 ).
    [Show full text]
  • Lithology and Internal Structure of the San Andreas Fault at Depth Based
    1 1 Lithology and Internal Structure of the San Andreas Fault at depth based on 2 characterization of Phase 3 whole-rock core in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at 3 Depth (SAFOD) Borehole 4 By Kelly K. Bradbury1, James P. Evans1, Judith S. Chester2, Frederick M. Chester2, and David L. Kirschner3 5 1Geology Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84321-4505 6 2Center for Tectonophysics and Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, 7 Texas 77843 8 3Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108 9 10 Abstract 11 We characterize the lithology and structure of the spot core obtained in 2007 during 12 Phase 3 drilling of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) in order to determine 13 the composition, structure, and deformation processes of the fault zone at 3 km depth where 14 creep and microseismicity occur. A total of approximately 41 m of spot core was taken from 15 three separate sections of the borehole; the core samples consist of fractured arkosic sandstones 16 and shale west of the SAF zone (Pacific Plate) and sheared fine-grained sedimentary rocks, 17 ultrafine black fault-related rocks, and phyllosilicate-rich fault gouge within the fault zone 18 (North American Plate). The fault zone at SAFOD consists of a broad zone of variably damaged 19 rock containing localized zones of highly concentrated shear that often juxtapose distinct 20 protoliths. Two zones of serpentinite-bearing clay gouge, each meters-thick, occur at the two 21 locations of aseismic creep identified in the borehole on the basis of casing deformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 7 Igneous Rocks IGNEOUS ROCKS
    Module 7 Igneous Rocks IGNEOUS ROCKS ▪ Igneous Rocks form by crystallization of molten rock material IGNEOUS ROCKS ▪ Igneous Rocks form by crystallization of molten rock material ▪ Molten rock material below Earth’s surface is called magma ▪ Molten rock material erupted above Earth’s surface is called lava ▪ The name changes because the composition of the molten material changes as it is erupted due to escape of volatile gases Rocks Cycle Consolidation Crystallization Rock Forming Minerals 1200ºC Olivine High Ca-rich Pyroxene Ca-Na-rich Amphibole Intermediate Na-Ca-rich Continuous branch Continuous Discontinuous branch Discontinuous Biotite Na-rich Plagioclase feldspar of liquid increases liquid of 2 Temperature decreases Temperature SiO Low K-feldspar Muscovite Quartz 700ºC BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES Rock Forming Minerals Olivine Ca-rich Pyroxene Ca-Na-rich Amphibole Na-Ca-rich Continuous branch Continuous Discontinuous branch Discontinuous Biotite Na-rich Plagioclase feldspar K-feldspar Muscovite Quartz BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES Rock Forming Minerals High Temperature Mineral Suite Olivine • Isolated Tetrahedra Structure • Iron, magnesium, silicon, oxygen • Bowen’s Discontinuous Series Augite • Single Chain Structure (Pyroxene) • Iron, magnesium, calcium, silicon, aluminium, oxygen • Bowen’s Discontinuos Series Calcium Feldspar • Framework Silicate Structure (Plagioclase) • Calcium, silicon, aluminium, oxygen • Bowen’s Continuous Series Rock Forming Minerals Intermediate Temperature Mineral Suite Hornblende • Double Chain Structure (Amphibole)
    [Show full text]
  • Hidalgoite from the Tsumeb Mine, Namibia, and Hydrogen 2+ 3+ 5+ Bonding in the D G3 (T O4)(TO3OH)(OH)6 Alunite Structures
    Mineralogical Magazine, August 2012, Vol. 76(4), pp. 839–849 Refinement of the crystal structure of zoned philipsbornite– hidalgoite from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia, and hydrogen 2+ 3+ 5+ bonding in the D G3 (T O4)(TO3OH)(OH)6 alunite structures M. A. COOPER AND F. C. HAWTHORNE* Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada [Received 19 January 2012; Accepted 19 March 2012; Associate Editor: G. Diego Gatta] ABSTRACT The crystal structure of zoned philipsborniteÀhidalgoite, hexagonal (rhombohedral), R3¯m, Z =3:a= ˚ ˚ 3 7.1142(4), c=17.0973(9) A, V=749.4(1) A , from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia, has been refined to R1 = 1.68% for 301 unique reflections collected on a Bruker D8 three-circle diffractometer equipped with a rotating-anode generator, multilayer optics and an APEX-II CCD detector. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe showed zoned crystals with a rim enriched in S and Fe relative to the core. The core composition is SO3 3.31, As2O5 30.57, Al2O3 23.05, FeO 1.44, PbO 33.94, H2Ocalc 9.58, total 2+ 2+ 101.79 wt.%, corresponding to Pb0.98(Al2.92Fe0.13)(AsO4)[(As0.72S0.27)O3.14(OH)0.85](OH)6; and the rim composition is SO3 8.88, As2O5 22.63, Al2O3 22.90, FeO 2.57, PbO 34.91, H2Ocalc 9.27, total 2+ 2+ 101.16 wt.%, corresponding to Pb0.99(Al2.85Fe0.23)(AsO4)[(As0.25S0.70)O3.30(OH)0.50](OH)6. PhilipsborniteÀhidalgoite has the alunite-type structure, sheets of corner-sharing octahedra, decorated on top and bottom by [(As,S)O4]and(AsO3OH) tetrahedra, that are linked into a three-dimensional structure by [12]-coordinated Pb2+ cations and hydrogen bonds.
    [Show full text]
  • Adamsite-(Y), a New Sodium–Yttrium Carbonate Mineral
    1457 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 38, pp. 1457-1466 (2000) ADAMSITE-(Y), A NEW SODIUM–YTTRIUM CARBONATE MINERAL SPECIES FROM MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC JOEL D. GRICE§ and ROBERT A. GAULT Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ANDREW C. ROBERTS Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada MARK A. COOPER Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada ABSTRACT Adamsite-(Y), ideally NaY(CO3)2•6H2O, is a newly identified mineral from the Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. It occurs as groups of colorless to white and pale pink, rarely pale purple, flat, acicular to fibrous crystals. These crystals are up to 2.5 cm in length and form spherical radiating aggregates. Associated minerals include aegirine, albite, analcime, ancylite-(Ce), calcite, catapleiite, dawsonite, donnayite-(Y), elpidite, epididymite, eudialyte, eudidymite, fluorite, franconite, gaidonnayite, galena, genthelvite, gmelinite, gonnardite, horváthite-(Y), kupletskite, leifite, microcline, molybdenite, narsarsukite, natrolite, nenadkevichite, petersenite-(Ce), polylithionite, pyrochlore, quartz, rhodochrosite, rutile, sabinaite, sérandite, siderite, sphalerite, thomasclarkite-(Y), zircon and an unidentified Na–REE carbonate (UK 91). The transparent to translucent mineral has a vitreous to pearly luster and a white streak. It is soft (Mohs hardness 3) and brittle with perfect {001} and good {100} and {010} cleav- ␣ ␤ ␥ ° ° ages. Adamsite-(Y) is biaxial positive, = V 1.480(4), = 1.498(2), = 1.571(4), 2Vmeas. = 53(3) , 2Vcalc. = 55 and is nonpleochroic. Optical orientation: X = [001], Y = b, Z a = 14° (in ␤ obtuse). It is triclinic, space group P1,¯ with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 6.262(2), b 13.047(6), c 13.220(5) Å, ␣ 91.17(4), ␤ 103.70(4), ␥ 89.99(4)°, V 1049.1(5) Å3 and Z = 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
    Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    T Hn AMERICax M INERALoGIST JOURNAL OF THE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 25 JUNE, 1940 No.6 DEPOSITS OF RADIOACTIVE CERITE NEAR JAMESTOWN, COLORADO* Elwnr N. Gonoann aNn Jnwnu J. Gr-ass, IL S. GeologicalSuraey, Washington, D.C. CONTENTS Abstract 381 Introduction 382 Geological occurrence 383 Mineralogy 385 Occurrence.. 385 Northern group 386 Southern group, 391 List of minerals. 393 Cerite... 393 Allanite. 397 Brown epidote 399 Tijrnebohmite 400 Fluorite 4.00 Bastniisite 401 Monazite 401 Uraninite 4Ol Sulphides 402 Comparisons with other deposits of cerite 402 Radioactivity 403 Age determination 404 Assrnecr Cerite, a rare silicate of the cerium metals, occurs in small deposits in the pre-Cambrian rocks of the Front Range near Jamestolvn, colorado. They are near the north border of a stock of Silver Plume granite, to which they are genetically related. Numerous lenticular schist masses in the granite suggest proximity to the roof. The cerite rock containing about 75 per cent of cerite occurs as irregular lenses,one- fourth of an inch to 15 inches wide, in narrow aplite-pegmatite zones along the borders of small schist areas. Narrow veinlets of black allanite border the cerite rock and minute grains of uraninite (pitchblende) and pyrite are localiy present. Microscopic examination of the cerite rock shows it to be finely intergrown with * Published by permission of the Director, Geological Survey, United States Depart- ment of the Interior, the Colorado Geological Survey Board, and the Colorado Metal Mining Fund. 381 E. N, GODDARD AND T. I. GLASS varying amounts of allanite, brown epidote, tdrnebohmite, fluorite, bastniisite, monazite, uraninite, and quartz.
    [Show full text]