DOCSLIB.ORG

The Case for the AMERICAN Steam Locomotive

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Case for the AMERICAN Steam Locomotive • raIns. AUGUST 1967 • 60, T .. ... ----------------- ' f!,' lIelllelllh~'1' jhis al'jkle ill IIl'cf'lIIh~'1' I!'f;f; TIC,\INS? Xow "'I ('xllel'j ('Ollles THE CASE fOR THE fRENCH STEAM"' LOCOMOTIVE iOl'jh with •.. The case for the AMERICAN steam locomotive 21 Avgus! 1967 - VERNON l. SMITH illVllrolion AUTHOR'S COllECTION OR AS NOTED 1 IN htl ''The Case lor the F~nch trains to be bandied - In America background r($ultcd In fine, ('COnomi- Steam Loc:omoltv(''' in Decem· th~ arc !ugh and harsh. 1::al handhna; of compound engines, her 1966 TRAINS, author R. K. E ... tVl!> (3) MllK:ellancous conditIons - thc Many of the later (our-cylindcI' en_ stated, ", .. The fact ,'emains unques­ labol' market, the workIng clearances gines have the two r(l8ch I'ods cvn­ ti oned that nowhere in the world W3$ (loading gau,ge), the maIntenance ncctcd or 11ll1ned togcther to avoid the art of Sl~ locomotivt' design praclLcH, and the 1~'omoIlH: availa­ ImpI'opcr dIvision of the work by the developed as far and 1.$ clOSt' to per_ bility and utilization required. englneman b<>tween the hil1;h- and ft.oction as In France," MI'. Evans in his arucle Jit>okl> of lov.·-plcssul·c syste.ns, This suggeslS I question the claim put forth by compounding and mamtenance, draw­ that the labol market may be chonging Mr. Evans, because It 111 not supported bu horsepow(>r, fuel et.'(lnomy, valve Il\ France and that less refined loco­ by data and performance records gears. improved (ront ends, enlarged mouve dnving is taking place, And It gother(X{ during !.he high Iide of tteam and exhaust pa...sages, riding means that some of the original ('C;'01l- American locomolh,c design qualities and speed, and bOIler blow_ 01111(-'$ ar1! not beint, obtained. To se­ Comparing locomollYcs used In dif­ down practIces All of these will be cure an acceptable stanchrd of per­ ferent countries and under different conSidered - In thc IIsht of the factono fOlmance WIth any drivel, and to conditIOns is not always easy. Therl!'­ pre\'lously mcntloned and With dlrcct reduce excCMlve maintenance costs on fore, to aVOid any possibility of unfair_ ,cfcl'1:nce to the four Amencan loco­ the madunery, the ml!.::hanlcal officer ness, 1 will try to expiQre carefully the motIVes mentioned - with the l'xcep_ selects the best point to cvlnbine the factors which controlled the desiJm or bon of compounding. Multiple expan_ work of both S4!'ts by sacrificing some method of operation of stcam l0<:0mo­ .!lion will 1>0: touched upon only bl'leny, of thl! perrormance withhl the power liVes in the two countr;e.'l. since (lxcept (01' Mallet pwhel'l> and rangcs. Since Pcnnsyl... anla'~ Tl 4-4-4-4 was the Delaware & Hudson eXp(':l'imen_ Some of the European compounds singled out for criticism on page 30 of tals, compounds hu\'c h«-n obsolcte Ul spl'-nt eoMiderablc time in the shed (or Mr. Evans' article (the power oulput America for many years. work after I'elati\'ely short tdps. This figures quoted are Incorrect, Inciden­ Compounding In the U. S. can be s!tuUliOn would not be 10lcI'ated In tally), I have Sl.'lected this pal1lculal' bcit exprflSK'<! by aayillS thlll it was the United States In view of the wage class of engine, along With Pennsy's the most important and f.'COnomic link ~81es paid IUld the capJt81 tied up, rebuiJt K4s 4-6-2 No, 5399, and Santa for ptodoein~ fuel savings in the peri_ One rCll.!K)n the French might be Fe', 4-8-4 2900 clus built new and the od b<>t ..... een the. sinale-expanslon r;atu­ mO\'lng IowaI'd OUI' methods as their road's 4-8-4 No, 3752 as rebuilt, to rated steam locomotive or 1880 and the COSts inc.. ellSe Is the fact thnt the illustrate the position of locomoti~'e supt'rheatl'r locomotive of. SAy. 1910 American-built .inglc-cxpansion engineering In the United Stales near Norfolk" Western and Chesapeake" Class 141R's, which " thrive on hard Lhe end of the stcam era. Ohio Mallets used ill the slow-speed wOl'k and poor fucl," afe slill In serv­ Using thcse examplcs for compari­ coal traffic W('I"e modest excepUons to Ice in quantit)·, whel'(!a.s the equivalent son is quite suitable. The two ncw the general practice, 01' more complicated French dasscs locomotivH. PRR's Tl and Santa Fe', The Santa Fe Rath.. ·.y had extcnsl"'C arc largely stored 01' retired, 2900 class..... "ere of the same tracbve experience with neal'ly all forms of effort and were roughl)' in the same compounds. Including the cross-com­ A~D ~ow on to the Ott\(!I' muttel'S to horsepower ca~gory. yct one repre­ pound, t.ondem, Mallet, Vauclain, and be d iSc l.IlI.!Ied.. sents the divided_drive plannml and the (our_cylinder balancl'd types. The DRAW BAR HORSEPOWER the other the concept of stTaight cou­ end came when the compounds could pling of eight drive wheels lhrough no longer meet the t.l'luJic demands 01' Flr6l of all, It is timc to Il('t right the tandem rods. The two rebuilt locomo­ justify Ih(l hll,lh malntcmlnce costs, record on the drawba.. hOrscpowcr liVes, PRR No, 5399 and Santa Fc No. It ill t1'UC, as Mr. Evans pointed out, output of a TL The g.-aph t)" page 2-1 3;52, dearly illustrate tlun the French that th(> French h;l\'e diligently de­ shows a cUlve prepaJ'ed fl'Om the Al_ had no eXclusive talent in the Improv­ "eloped the three- and four_c),hndel' toona Test Plant data showing thl! ing of old locomotives. And finally, I compound" Many of these locolllo_ high drawbar horscpowt!l'S thi:4 duplcx knew these four engines well, tlves., as he not~, were tlJ'ranged with would produce, It Is plain that the ~pa.rate reach rods and rc~rse m~h­ Tl's drawbar hOl'lK:power or 6000 at SoME of the elcmenu which mold ani!tlllS for the rugh_prcssw'c find thc the .speed of 62 mph greatly exc~t'd the arrangement Rnd constl'uctJon of 10w-prcuul'e engines to permit the thc 4000-d"awbal'-hol'5epower capac­ locomotlvcs for difIerMt parts of the driver to adjust the cutoff on each en­ Ity quoti!d by r.-tr, Evans, FI'1!nch 4-8-4 world art": gine Independently o( the othel' for No. 242 A 1 developed a maximum of (I) Natur("- the t.errain to be optimum pc.l'folm:l.nee, It should be 4200 h.p, (nOI 5000, as stated by MJ', crossed. the dlstanc(!S to be run, thc repeated that the French enJ(illcman Evans) 1\1 5G mph while rwming Oil a rigors of dimate, and lhc quantity and from the lurn of the eentUl'y to the srade of L1 i.n 1000, 8tto"dmg to a quality of fuel and water available. 1930's was highly trained after serving reporl furnished by Andre Chapc­ (2:) The demands of the Traffic De­ II thorough shop apprenticeship before Ion and published In 19018. The report partment for s~ and tonnages of going out on the road, This technical dO\.~ not state whether this Is indi- Tra ins 23 "O~E-"nllln ... OI •.,_",an ~ tonrf'pl "r """,NlII" n In U. S, •.:,~ 10. I I ~ 1... lII t hl ... h!:" Ihh . 1,11' 0/ • hhrh·mllt")(t-lJ<ttwMn_shoppln!:-s AT&Sf four_tyUndC'r b .. h."n,'d !:Ulnp.!un,j ...... ",a<l ... PE S~.s\" "'i ~ \" Rnai ",odifitd (II"" " ,111 rtolll_.. 1II1 IlIr(>IIIC'. imprll,'C'd oI r .. fthl jl. a"d ,\ S \\' ~ 11 1 !<' rh l';lIH "nits ~ 1 1' "lb " II Iht AIIOI"'" TO',I rl;,,11 in "", S",:. II JI;pt. ~ til.­ It "dlu/: oUI of \OIok('''ox s-am"I('t\ CO: IVn­ I ..n i of Ihe 1...... IIIO lh .. 's .. x h:.UM «liSt., DHAW8AR 1I0HSt:POWER !:un .. for Pc"" ,y's dupl"",-drh'c TI-('I_» I - ~-~'" o,hM'.-, .. " " I"tulll hIp of ('ur" t O,'U Iht wid .. "'''I:t of spud IIi whlrh hll: h hO'K PU"H p~""IIC'd . 11I\ 1. f -"ECT IOS Ihro uth Ml' ok .. h •." of $<I n _ til r (' I",,,pet-..,.he ~-S-l 3.:>: ,'.. \ ' e~h )( real 1""lIlh of , 1;I('k "blain.. .. b)' 10 " nan ~ nd VER\' frff _",,,,,,i,,,, Simi.. t't' 1_8_1",1 prool"rtU IIt ..rI) · WOOO h"lInt",1 hll n.<·p.... n ' ....I ~ lIdln g ~ I;l ck ,,)(, .. ,,<.1011. Wllh ~:otck U '· ('Qutd _II,,,1 did_run,)_h COIII,",lIlio" r.. r ~ 'M hI'. "i.."tl ~ tlut tI( I\ ... ~ nt l u c , "'ans. Itnd .. d. 3a~ " IOCMI 18 rtd Sl~ In~hu hl,;l1 . 24 AU 9 u~1 1967 ABOUT THE AUTHOR VERNON L. SMITH conu-ac:uxt locomoth-e lev... r ... tldy In hiS Me H~ wu born U1 Ihe Il'On rnr\lle country In Vir. Mln'a,'Mlnn .• lu 1911. At '.I! 16 he WiU qradUlllcd from high achoot and ~'enl lirU18 coal.bummg ftetlm ICICOmo · 1I11't!S; AI 19 he went on th\' cultra board u an englnl'er_ 01\ the I't'COmmendatlon of I'll' rNI!h!r mechanic and through Ih ... kindnesa of an M A. Hanna Company vice­ pruldenl, Smith wItS "bl" 10 C'Ombme II mec:hanic:al en· gin«>ring edue;).1,on Wlth drawing-room employment pI tlw Dlffe~nl'a1 Sleel Car Company and Ihe Lima Loco­ motive Work" worluna under 5Uch notabl~ as F.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Product Index for Print
    Bull: ABS-CEJS-24SC-01 March 2009 AUXILIARY BOILER SYSTEMS ELECTRICELECTRIC STEAMSTEAM PACKAGEDPACKAGED Power generation projects require an For maximum flexibility of operation, quick auxiliary boiler system to provide steam on response, precise of control and avoidance start-up, during maintenance shut-downs, of environmental consequences, the electric for steam turbine gland systems, etc. solution is the best choice. For the past 45 years ACME-AEP has Pressure Vessels are built to ASME Code or manufactured the key components of auxiliary EU Pressure Vessels Directive. boiler systems, namely boilers, superheaters, Electrical Standards meet CSA or UL or CE. secondary pressure vessels and associated control systems. Quality control is according to ISO 9001 (2000). The Acme ABS Packages are up to date solutions to current problems. 1 Ref: 19-092038 P & I DIAGRAM FOR CEJS HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRODE BOILER WITH 2 CIRCULATION PUMPS The two diagrams shown are built around the key boiler component availability: CEJS High Voltage Electrode Steam Boiler 24 SC Immersion Element type Boiler Power: 5 MW to 52 MW Power: 600 kW to 3.5 MW Voltages: 6.9 kV to 25 kV, 3 phase, 4 wires Voltages: 380 V, 400 V, 415 V, 480 V, 600 V. 3 phase, 50/60Hz Design Pressure: 150 PSI to 500 PSI Design Pressure: 100 PSI to 600 PSI Operating Pressure: 105 PSI to 450 PSI Operating Pressure: 30 PSI to 540 PSI VERTICAL BOILER HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL BOILER Metal: Carbon steel Metal: Carbon steel or Stainless Steel Heating Elements: Flanged, Incoloy 800 2 Ref: 23-092044 ELECTRIC ELEMENT BOILER - SUPERHEATER PACKAGE PIPING DIAGRAM The two diagrams shown are slightly different but complement each other.
    [Show full text]
  • QUIZ: Boiler System Components
    9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100 Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: 301-740-1421 Fax: 301-990-9771 E-Mail: [email protected] Part of the recertification process is to obtain Continuing Education Units (CEUs). One way to do that is to review a technical article and complete a short quiz. Scoring an 80% or better will grant you 0.5 CEUs. You need 25 CEUs over a 5-year period to be recertified. The quiz and article are posted below. Completed tests can be faxed (301-990-9771) or mailed (9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850) to AWT. Quizzes will be scored within 2 weeks of their receipt and you will be notified of the results. Name: ______________________________________________ Company: ___________________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________ City: ______________________ State: _____ Zip: ________ Phone: ______________________ Fax: __________________ E-mail: _____________________________________________ Boiler Systems – Boiler Components By Irvin J. Cotton, Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc. and Orin Hollander, Holland Technologies, Inc. This is part two of a three-part series on boilers. In part one, the authors discussed boiler design and classification. Part two will discuss boiler components, and part three will describe the various chemistries used in boiler water treatment. Boiler Components The main components in a boiler system are the boiler feedwater heaters, deaerator, boiler, feed pump, economizer, boiler, superheater, attemperator, steam system, condenser and the condensate pump. In addition there are sets of controls to monitor water and steam flow, fuel flow, airflow and chemical treatment additions. Water sample points may exist at a number of places. Most typically the condensate, deaerator outlet, feedwater (often the economizer inlet), boiler, saturated steam and superheated steam will have sample points.
    [Show full text]
  • PATENT SPECIFICATION <N) 1421907
    PATENT SPECIFICATION <n) 1421907 (21) Application No. 39315/72 (22) Filed 23 Aug. 1972 (19) O ON (23) Complete Specification filed 13 Aug. 1973 (44) Complete Specification published 21 Jan. 1976 H (51) INT. CL.8 F22G 5/18 F22B 1/06 (52) Index at acceptance H F4A 8C Gil G19 G20 (72) Inventors: ANTHONY RANDLE LUNT and THOMAS DAVID ROBERTS (54) STEAM GENERATING PLANTS (71) We, UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC superheater 2 for heat exchange with liquid ENERGY AUTHORITY LONDON, a British sodium. The liquid sodium is supplied from a Authority do hereby declare the invention, sodium cooled nuclear reactor which also is 50 for which we pray that a patent may be not shown as it forms no part of the present 5 grantedjjto us, and the method by which it is to invention. Between the steam drum 1 and the be performed, to be particularly described superheater 2 there is an injector 3 which is in and by the following statement:— connected by a branch line 4 to the outlet 5 This invention relates to steam generating of the superheater. The outlet 5 is also con- 55 plants. nected to a turbine stop valve (not shown). 10 In one known construction of steam gen- The branch line includes a control valve 6. erating plant wet steam is separated from the Referring now to Figure 2 the injector 3 liquid phase in a steam drum and the wet comprises a housing 7 having a nozzle 8 and steam is fed to a superheater constructed from a diffuser 9. The nozzle 8 is connected to the 60 stainless steel and through which liquid metal steam drum 1 whilst the diffuser 9 is con- 15 is passed in heat exchange with the steam.
    [Show full text]
  • Numerical Investigation of Superheater Tube Failure
    This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Simulation and Experiments in Heat Transfer and its Applications (HT 2016) www.witconferences.com Numerical investigation of superheater tube failure H. H. Al-Kayiem & T. M. B. Albarody Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Abstract Industrial superheaters in petrochemical plants possess leakages due to failure in many areas. This paper presents the results of investigations into identifying the failure causes. The investigations were carried out by simulating the heating process of a superheater. The simulation was carried out numerically using ANSYS mechanical commercial software. The simulation results indicated that the superheater tubes were subjected to direct radiation heat transfer as well as flame violence. The leakage spots were formed due to cracks in the material mainly at the joint points between the tubes and the header. It was also realized that the welding at the connection areas of the pipes and the header had weakened the material and formed low thermal resistance spots which could not stand the 510°C temperature and consequently, it had either melted or cracked. Keywords: boiler, superheater, thermal wave, thermal fatigue, thermal stress. 1 Introduction The basic failure mechanism, in the piping process, is fatigue due to vibration and/or thermal stresses caused by internal and/or external flows in pipes, junctions, and bends. When high temperature exists in the process, the possibility of thermal fatigue increases the possibilities of piping failure. In the industrial practice, such problem is commonly associated with boilers, risers, and pipes subjected to intermittent internal flow and periodic heat impact from internal or external sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Conventional Steam
    DECEMBER 2019 Application Solutions Guide CONVENTIONAL STEAM Experience In Motion 1 Application Solutions Guide — The Global Combined Cycle Landscape TABLE OF CONTENTS THE GLOBAL CONVENTIONAL STEAM POWER FLOWSERVE PRODUCTS IN CONVENTIONAL PLANT LANDSCAPE . 3 STEAM POWER . 16 A Closer Look at Conventional Steam Conventional Steam Applications Power Technology . 5 Overview . 16 Basics . 5 Pumps for Conventional Steam Plants . 18 Plant Configurations and Sizes . 7 Valves for Conventional Steam Plants . 24 Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) . 8 Actuators for Conventional Steam Plants . 30 Conventional Steam Project Models . 11 Seals for Conventional Power Plants . 31 Seals for Wet Limestone Flue Gas THE CONVENTIONAL STEAM POWER- Desulfurization . 33 FLOWSERVE INTERFACE . 13 Business Impact and Focus Areas . 13 COMMUNICATING OUR VALUE . 34 The Big Picture . 13 Innovative Ways Flowserve Addresses The Flowserve Fit in Conventional Customer Challenges . 34 Steam Power . 13 APPENDIX . 35 PRODUCTS FOR STEAM POWER — Flowserve Value Proposition in Conventional Steam . 35 AT A GLANCE . 14 Sub-critical Versus Supercritical Pumps . 14 Power Plant . 36 Valves . 14 Reheat . 37 Seals . 14 Terminology . 38 Estimated Values by Plant Size . 15 Acronyms . 39 2 Application Solutions Guide — Conventional Steam THE GLOBAL CONVENTIONAL STEAM POWER PLANT LANDSCAPE Thermal power generation involves the conversion Combined cycle plants have become the preferred of heat energy into electric power. Fossil fuel power technology for gas-fired power generation for several plants as well as nuclear, biomass, geothermal reasons. The USC plant takes 40 to 50 months to and concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are all build; a combined cycle plant can be built in 20 to examples of thermal power generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Watertube Boilers
    Watertube Boilers Learning Outcome When you complete this module you will be able to: Describe various watertube boiler designs, including large generating units. Learning Objectives Here is what you will be able to do when you complete each objective: 1. Describe early designs and construction of watertube boilers. 2. Sketch and describe the design and construction of packaged watertube boilers. 3. Describe the design, construction, and components of large scale steam generating units. 1 BLRS 6016 INTRODUCTION The watertube boiler differs from the firetube design in that the tubes contain water rather than combustion gases. In the watertube boiler, the combustion gases travel over the outside surfaces of the tubes and transfer their heat to the water within the tubes. WATERTUBE BOILERS Longitudinal Straight Tube Boilers Fig. 1 illustrates one of the earliest straight tube boilers. The drum runs longitudinally in relation to the tubes. The straight inclined tubes run between vertical headers at the front and rear of the drum; these headers are connected to the drum at their top ends. The combustion gases make three passes across the tubes as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1. AL_4_0_4.mov A AL4_fig1.gif Figure 1 Straight Tube Design (Longitudinal) The water circulates from the water space of the drum down the rear header, up the inclined tubes (at an angle of 15° to the steam drum), to the front header, and then back up to the drum. 2 BLRS 6016 Figure 2 AL4_fig2.gif Babcock & Wilcox Boiler (1877) The early boiler shown in Fig. 2 had an elaborate setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Superheated Steam in Locomotive Service
    I LL INO I S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 2007. 0 ~0' / ~ ( ~ 1~CC~& '~f~LW "0~ "N ~ ~- ~N~TV N Q SC 2"' C' ''~~C'~ C" 4 AA.A..~ Ay ~4.A A A'-' 'A ' ~ ' ,~A~A 1 A' 'A": "I ~' ~A 9 ~AA >' 0 -A.'-- ~ A" Z 'A A' * A -A "* K~ A. A' ~. 'A A, ,~, 'U",' 4 *, A' '~'" 'A * JA A' 'A' A A K 'A 'A / A A A' 'A vas,^esta>bflibea~ ~ by ^f'A A' A ,rt~7B A 'A on, investigations~ve~Wg~on.~. A' ~ 'i* *t~.,to studysti~dy~ prob1~m~problems A sS ~4 IOAWeto eadA manu-m&i~n- 'be industrial interests 'A' of theb8tat;' -'$a te' The control of tho Engineering ExperintSerment• 'titionSl i•is is'vested vested 'A UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN No. 57 APRIL 1912 SUPERHEATED STEAM IN LOCOMOTIVE SERVICE (A REVIEW OF PUBLICATION NO. 127 OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON) BY W. F. M. GOSS DEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DIRECTOR OF THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL OF RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND ADMINISTRATION CONTENTS PAGE I. Introduction-A Summary of Conclusions .......... 3 II. Foreign Practice in the Use of Superheated Steam in Locomotive Service.............. ......... 5 III. Tests to Determine the Value of Superheating in Lo- comotive Service................ .. .. .... 14 IV. Performance of Boiler and Superheater.. ........... 20 V. Performance of the Engine and of the Locomotive as a W hole... ............ .. .. ........ 35 VI. Economy Resulting from the Use of Superheated Steam ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling a Thermal Power Plant Drum-Type Boiler for Control: a Parameter Identification Approach Chin Chen Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 Modeling a thermal power plant drum-type boiler for control: a parameter identification approach Chin Chen Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons, and the Systems Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Chin, "Modeling a thermal power plant drum-type boiler for control: a parameter identification approach " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7599. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7599 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the orignal document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparency lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Patented Nov. 9, 1909. 5 SHEETS-SHEET
    E, FEIGHTNER SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS, APPLICATION FILED MAR, 27, 1909. 939,237. Patented Nov. 9, 1909. 5 SHEETS-SHEET , S N N N N N N N S. I, E, FEIGHTNER, SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS, 939,237. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1909, Patented Nov. 9, 1909. 5 SPEEES-SHEET 2, rare - AEREw. 3. GRAHA c. PT-LRApHERS, WASH:NGT8, 9. L. E. FEIGHTNER, SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS, APPLICATION FILED MAR, 27, 1909. Patented Nov, 9, 1909. 5 SHEETS-SBEET 3. ife-as OSDEDAPT R RTRea statees Nassetts SSSR'sIIT saaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa. I I I I I I If ES III 72%22a-2.FIUUUUUI o/eveeczz L. E. FEIGHTNER, SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS, APPLICATION FILED MAR, 27, 1909, 939,237. Patented NOW, 9, 1909. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4. S Ya N 7.A7 2-1se 2.Y 5 Ya. - S. 5 2 QS s 3 ()V Wa S. y s Sn , ; c. ( ra - M - ---1 ; S3v. - l S.A O A Lality N All 3 IN I, E, FEIGHTNER, SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS, 939,237. APPLICATION FILED MAR, 27, 1909, Patented NOW, 9, 1909. 5 SBEES-SEET 5. o4-2-242. e éezzo G (72%ze, 42. 9 Cov//evacu- a22-22 a1 6-2-2, 42 UNITED STATES FATENT OFFICE. LEWIS E. FEIGHTNER, OF LIVIA, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO LIVIA LOCOMOTIVE & MACHINE CoMPANY, OF LIMIA, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO. SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVE-BOILERS. 9:39,23. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 9, 1909. Application filed March 27, 1909, Serial No. 486,074, To all whom it may concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Superheater Corrosion in Biomass Boilers
    ORNL/TM-2011/399 SUPERHEATER CORROSION IN BIOMASS BOILERS: Today’s Science and Technology September 30, 2010 W. B. A. (Sandy) Sharp SharpConsultant DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge. Web site http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source. National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD 703-487-4639 Fax 703-605-6900 E-mail [email protected] Web site http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone 865-576-8401 Fax 865-576-5728 E-mail [email protected] Web site http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Study of Flue Gas Flow and Superheating Process in Recovery Boiler Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and 1D-Process Modelling
    An Integrated Study of Flue Gas Flow and Superheating Process in Recovery Boiler using Computational Fluid Dynamics and 1D-Process Modelling Kunal Kumar Andritz Oy, Viljami Maakala Andritz Oy and Ville Vuorinen Aalto University ABSTRACT Superheaters are the last heat exchangers on the steam side in recovery boilers. They are typically made of expensive materials due to the high steam temperature and risks associated with ash-induced corrosion. Therefore, detailed knowledge about the steam properties and material temperature distribution is essential for improving the energy efficiency, cost efficiency and safety of recovery boilers. In this work, for the first time, a comprehensive 1D-process model (1D-PM) for superheated steam cycle is developed and linked with a full-scale 3D CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model of the superheater region flue gas flow. The results indicate that first; the geometries of headers and superheater platens affect platen-wise steam distribution. Second, the CFD solution of the 3D flue gas flow field and platen heat flux distribution coupled with the 1D-PM affect the generated superheated steam properties and material temperature distribution. These new observations clearly demonstrate the value of the present integrated CFD/1D-PM modelling approach. It is advantageous for trouble shooting, optimizing the performance of superheaters and selecting their design margins for the future. The developed integrated modelling approach could also be relevant for other large-scale energy production units such as biomass-fired boilers. 1 INTRODUCTION Recovery boilers are used to combust black liquor for chemical recovery and producing high-pressure superheated steam. The generated steam is utilized for self-sustainable pulp mill operations and electricity generation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of a Legend the Niagara Story Thomas R
    The Making of a Legend The Niagara Story Thomas R. Gerbracht (Continued from 3rd Quarter 1988 issue) Part VII "Central Headlight;• used sprays of water in the cylin­ Steam Locomotive Horsepower - ders of the engine on stationary tests to closely approxi­ Description and Measurement mate the volume of steam delivery to the exhaust nozzle There are more variables in the measurement of steam which would occur in full capacity, over-the-road testing. locomotive horsepower than in diesel or electric horse­ In this way the smokebox design and its ability to draft power. In the steam era, the railroads who supported the the boiler could be improved. Up to this time, the smoke­ most comprehensive test programs to measure steam lo­ box proportions, the size of the table plate and the ex­ comotive performance, including horsepower, were the haust nozzle, their shapes and their relation to one Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central.73 another were largely guesswork. The first locomotives to Other railroads such as C&O, N&W, and Santa Fe ran benefit from these tests were the NYC Hudsons. There is dynamometer car tests, but the PRR and NYC were in no indication that any other railroad utilized this knowl­ the forefront of steam locomotive development and their edge. For example, reference is made by Ralph Johnson efforts exceeded those of Alco, Baldwin and Lima. that the front ends of the first two PRR T-l's had to be All of the railroads which tested steam power used modified after they were placed in service to enable them to steam properly.77 different techniques, and it is therefore difficult to com­ pare maximum drawbar ratings of different steam loco­ C) Flue Size and Effect on Performance motives.
    [Show full text]