DOCSLIB.ORG

New Times for Latin America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Times for Latin America LATAM COMPILATION 2015 New times for Latin America BARCELONA BOGOTA BUENOS AIRES LIMA LISBON MADRID MEXICO MIAMI PANAMA QUITO RIO J SAO PAULO SANTIAGO STO DOMINGO Contents Prologue by José Antonio Llorente 3 Latin America: structural reforms in 5 the face of a business change of cycle Justice in Latin America as an 39 essential factor for development The Latin American population in the 59 United States: a “sleeping giant?” Towards where should the strategic 75 relation between the EU and Latin America and the Caribbean move? Latin family businesses: more 115 governance, better enterprises by Manuel Bermejo, Director of Executive Education and Professor at IE Business School The multilatinas by Ramón Casilda, 153 Professor and Iberoamerican businesses consultant The role of multilateral organizations 191 in the economic and social development of Latin America LLORENTE & CUENCA 211 Prologue Currently, Latin America operates in a changing international context in which the Chinese economic slowdown and the negotiations on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the European Union (EU) and the United States and the Transpacific Partnership (TPP) between the EU and the Pacific Rim countries have increased its complexity. Each region needs to take its corresponding position in the world and play its role in order to achieve a comprehensive development. In order to be competitive in this environment, Latin America must address a plan of structural reforms to put forward solutions and alternatives to the development slowdown affecting the whole region and thus avoid getting stuck in the “middle income trap”. All the reforms must be comprehensive and multidisciplinary, and governments should avoid implementing partial reforms to solve the problem to a degree, instead of completely removing it. This is the case of the various legal reforms that most Latin American countries have addressed. Considering the efforts that these nations made to carry out these reforms, the results have been disappointing. However, their implementation shows that both the population and the institutions are aware of the need to complete these reforms, which is in itself a first important step towards the development of the region. The reforms that the region requires should cover all areas of action to foster development in the countries which make up the region. Justice is an important development tool, but not the only one and, thus, a reform in that area would not automatically entail the economic growth of the region and would not cover all the needs of Latin America. Latin America is ready to identify all the development and seize progress opportunities to stop being the region of the missed chances. It is the time to put on the table the necessary strength and efforts to become competitive and take build on the momentum provided by the Multi-Latin corporations and SMEs that are starting to grow, turning them into regional representatives and relationship facilitators. Innovation shall be the main objective that all countries need to promote. The truth is, the environment will require the region to adapt to a market in which commodities will neither be the only, nor the main source of growth. Moreover, Latin America must take advantage of the presence of its fellow citizens in the U.S. a country which offers various opportunities for development. Hispanic population is the largest minority in the country and, therefore, the relation between Latin America and the U.S. is crucial. In the deepening of relations, Europe plays a key role thanks to the existence of cultural ties, a common language and shared values that have enhanced a relation that goes beyond the economic dimension. The relationship between the EU and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) has to move in a new direction, seeking to generate a greater trust among both regions and thus turn the EU-CELAC relations into a strategic alliance which promotes the development and growth of both regions. Therefore, Latin America must face this dynamic cycle and advocate for change and innovation, reforms and the deepening of relations as the foundations on which its development and prominence in the international arena should be built. We need to make the efforts and have the willingness to continue fostering the development and growth of the region. It is every- body’s work. José Antonio Llorente Founding partner and chairman Latin America: structural reforms in the face of a business change of cycle Madrid , April 2015 LATIN AMERICA: STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN THE FACE OF A BUSINESS CHANGE OF CYCLE 1. INTRODUCTION “The party of high oil prices and low interest rates is over. We are 1. INTRODUCTION entering a storm from an economic point of view… Besides the fall in 2. SIGNS OF A CHANGE OF CYCLE oil prices, the United States will soon increase their interest rates. In 3. A NEW REFORMING CYCLE this context, all currencies, included those of the developed countries, 4. CONCLUSIONS are depreciating against the US dollar... There is no doubt: hard times are coming, times of great volatility and tough adjustments where emerging economies will have to make a difference from one another in order to get out as soon as possible and dented as little as possible from the international turbulence”. This text, written by Leo Zuckermann, analyst of the Mexican newspaper Excelsior, only confirms a feeling that is being gradually extended through Latin America. We are witnessing a cycle change, an end of an era in front of which the Latin American countries must react in order to adapt their economies to the new global and regional scenario. The slowdown and downturn signs are very obvious, caused by lower commodities prices, mainly set off by the economic downturn in China, the increase in external financing costs and prospects of fewer capital inflows. This, added to the own structural problems of the Latin American economies and to the global change that is taking place regarding the transfer of wealth from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, forces the countries of this region to undertake far-reaching reforms in order not to fall behind in relation to the emergence of other regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and many Asian countries, nor lose ground in the reduction of poverty and inequality. In fact, Latin America is not going through an unknown phase but through an experience which, with its nuances and specific features, had already occurred. Historically, the rise in international prices of commodities the region exports used to create a “virtuous circle” where income increased and trade deficit decreased becoming surpluses. This way, states received greater financial means thanks to those new revenues and expanded the public spending. Along this line, the Argentine economist, Ricardo Arriazu, points out that this initiates “a second stage in which demand (and production) increase in other sectors than automotive and agricultural machinery producers in Argentina’s case), and since production rises, employment and wages grow; at this stage the public sector benefits from a new increase in tax collection and imports start to grow. At the third stage, the process is accentuated due to the capital inflow, attracted by the greater economic growth and the improvement in the fiscal and external accounts. At this stage, public spending expands rapidly because governments feel confident due to the improvements in tax collection and some countries let their currencies appreciate due to the great increase in their reserves”. The boom ends when international prices start to fall and the increase in public and private spending results in 6 LATIN AMERICA: STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN THE FACE OF A BUSINESS CHANGE OF CYCLE a deterioration of the internal America had to reinvent itself fiscal accounts and the external again. The commitment to neo- balances and all added to a fall in liberal reforms (the Washington the foreign investment. Consensus), to external openness, the reduction of tariffs, the Latin America’s history is indeed stimulus to trade, the reduction of a succession of serious crises, inflation and deficits (by reducing followed by major adjustments the size of the State through that precede booms linked to privatization) allowed the region the high prices in commodities, to be ready (with its “homework accompanied by speculative done”) to be able to benefit from “bubbles” that end up exploding and strengthen during the in the midst of scandals of boom of the “Golden Decade” corruption and delegitimization (2003-2013). First of all, during a of the State. After the traumatic virtuous six-year period (2003- beginning of the 19th century 2008) followed by, after the fall in (1810-1850) Latin American 2009, a new growth period despite States gradually settled in and the international turbulences the economy developed based (2010-2013). As Rebeca Grynspan, on the growth of international current Ibero-American Secretary trade and on the links with a General, states, “in the last 10 Western Europe that demanded years more than 50 million Latin American export people escaped from poverty. The products for their increasing majority benefited from the labor industrial production and market dynamism –in particular the population growth. The men’s remunerations, from 25 to 1929 crash forced the region 49 years old, in urban areas, in to reinvent itself for the first the region’s services sector– and time and to promote import to a lesser extent through social substitution industrialization, transfers and the demographic which was accompanied by a dividend”. In these years, a whole academic production series of solid economic and giving it intellectual support financial policies, together with (Raúl Prebisch’s ECLAC school the tailwind of the commodities of thought). “super cycle”, enabled Latin America to grow at an average The new system was supported rate of 4,2% since 2003.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indigenous Maya Knowledge and the Possibility of Decolonizing Education in Guatemala
    Indigenous Maya Knowledge and the Possibility of Decolonizing Education in Guatemala by Vivian Michelle Jiménez Estrada A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Vivian Michelle Jiménez Estrada 2012 Indigenous Maya Knowledge and the Possibility of Decolonizing Education in Guatemala Vivian Michelle Jiménez Estrada Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education University of Toronto 2012 Abstract Maya peoples in Guatemala continue to practice their Indigenous knowledge in spite of the violence experienced since the Spanish invasion in 1524. From 1991 until 1996, the state and civil society signed a series of Peace Accords that promised to better meet the needs of the Maya, Xinka, Garífuna and non-Indigenous groups living there. In this context, how does the current educational system meet the varied needs of these groups? My research investigates the philosophy and praxis of Maya Indigenous knowledge (MIK) in broadly defined educational contexts through the stories of 17 diverse Maya professional women and men involved in educational reform that currently live and work in Guatemala City. How do they reclaim and apply their ancestral knowledge daily? What possible applications of MIK can transform society? The findings reveal that MIK promotes social change and healing within and outside institutionalized educational spaces and argues that academia needs to make room for Indigenous theorizing mainly in areas of education, gender, knowledge production, and nation building. I analyze these areas from anticolonial and critical Indigenous standpoints from which gender and Indigenous identities weave through the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Representaciones De Candidatas Parlamentarias En Nuevos Medios De Comunicación Representações De Candidatas Parlamentárias Nos Novos Meios De Comunicação
    CUADERNOS.INFO Nº 39 ISSN 0719-3661 Versión electrónica: ISSN 0719-367x http://www.cuadernos.info doi: 10.7764/cdi.39.784 Received: 05-12-2015 / Accepted: 11-03-2016 Representations of women parliamentary candidates in new media1 Representaciones de candidatas parlamentarias en nuevos medios de comunicación Representações de candidatas parlamentárias nos novos meios de comunicação ANDREA BAEZA REYES, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) SILVIA LAMADRID ÁLVAREZ, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) ABSTRACT RESUMEN RESUMO This paper investigates the social Este artículo indaga en las representaciones Este artigo pesquisa nas representações representations built by parliamentary sociales construidas por candidatas sociais construídas por candidatas à female candidates during the 2013 parlamentarias durante su campaña Câmara e ao Senado durante a campanha electoral campaign in Chile. Considering electoral de 2013 en Chile. Considerando eleitoral de 2013, no Chile. Considerando the low female political representation la baja representación política femenina a baixa representação política feminina and the role of new media for mediated y el rol de los nuevos medios en la política e o papel dos novos meios na política politics, we revised the Twitter accounts mediatizada, se revisaron las cuentas de midiatizada, foram analizadas as contas of women aspiring to the National Twitter de mujeres aspirantes al Congreso de Twitter das mulheres candidatas ao Congress for the period 2014-2018. Nacional
    [Show full text]
  • The Voice 50% English – 50% Spanish MAGAZINE Locally Owned and Operated © 2021 • La Voz Bilingual Newspaper Community Magazine
    WWW. L AVOZ.US.C om R E V I S T A BILINGÜE F E BRU A RY • 2 0 2 1 PO BOX 3688, SANTA ROSA, CA 95402 VOLUMEN / VOLUME XXI, NÚMER0 / NUMBER 2 50% INGLÉS – 50% ESPAÑOL, una revista comunitario produ- cido y operado en la región. ¡Galería de fotos de La Voz ! ¿Aparece ahí? La Voz photo gallery! 50% IN ENGLISH! Are you there? BILINGUAL visit www.lavoz.us.com The Voice 50% ENGLISH – 50% SPANISH MAGAZINE locally owned and operated © 2021 • La Voz Bilingual Newspaper community magazine. B I L ing U A L MAGAZINE ¡50% EN ESPAÑOL! DOS IDIOMAS, DOS CULTURAS, La Mejor Revista Bilingüe del Norte de California NORTHERN CALIFORNIA’s FOREMOST BILINGUAL MAGAZINE UN ENTENDIMIENTO TWO langUages, TWO CULTURES, ONE UNDERSTANDING RESIDENCIA LEGAL PERMANENTE EN EE.UU. A TRAVÉS DE UNA PETICIÓN FAMILIAR A PESAR DE TENER PRESENCIA ILEGAL EN los EE.UU Por Liliana Gallelli, Licensiada Muchas personas que califican para la residencia esta- dounidense en base a sus relaciones con ciudadanos estadounidenses o familiares residentes legales perma- nentes deben salir de los Estados Unidos para solicitar su visa de residencia en el extranjero, pero tan pronto como parten, se les prohíbe inmediatamente volver a ingresar al país para un período de tiempo. ¿QUÉ SON las BARRAS DE TRES Y DIEZ AÑOS? Las prohibiciones de tres y diez años fueron creadas como parte de la Ley de Reforma de la Inmigración Ilegal y Responsabilidad del Inmigrante (IIRAIRA) de 1996. El estatuto impone prohibiciones de reingreso a los inmigrantes que acumulan “presencia ilegal” en los EE.UU., salen del país , y desea volver a ingresar legalmente.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile: Background and U.S
    Chile: Background and U.S. Relations name redacted Analyst in Latin American Affairs November 19, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R40126 Chile: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Chile, located along the Pacific coast of South America, is a politically stable, upper-middle- income nation of 18 million people. In 2013, Michelle Bachelet and her center-left “New Majority” coalition won the presidency and sizeable majorities in both houses of the Chilean Congress after campaigning on a platform of ambitious reforms designed to reduce inequality and improve social mobility. Since her inauguration to a four-year term in March 2014, President Bachelet has signed into law significant changes to the tax, education, and electoral systems. She has also proposed a number of other economic and social policy reforms, as well as a process for adopting a new constitution. Although a significant majority of the public initially supported the reforms, Chileans have grown more divided over time, with some groups pushing for more far- reaching policy changes and others calling for Bachelet to scale back her agenda. Disapproval of the reforms, a corruption scandal that implicated her son, and Chile’s slowing economy have taken a toll on President Bachelet’s approval rating, which has declined to 29%. Chile’s economic growth has slowed considerably in recent years, falling to 1.9% in 2014. Analysts have largely attributed the slowdown to the end of the global commodity boom and the coinciding drop in copper prices, which have a significant impact on the Chilean economy. There are also indications that the Bachelet Administration’s policy reforms may have reduced business confidence and dampened growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Violencia Homicida En América Latina Cómo La Mundialización De Las Políticas De Drogas, Comercio Y Migraciones Fragiliza La Sociedad
    L'Ordinaire des Amériques 216 (2014) Villes et violences dans les Amériques ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Olga L. González Violencia homicida en América Latina Cómo la mundialización de las políticas de drogas, comercio y migraciones fragiliza la sociedad ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Revues.org est un portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales développé par le Cléo, Centre
    [Show full text]
  • Elites, Criminal Networks and Institutional Reform in Guatemala
    A state under siege: elites, criminal networks and institutional reform in Guatemala By Ivan Briscoe and Martín Rodríguez Pellecer September, 2010 Language editing: Jane Carroll Desktop publishing: Nicole den Heijer Author information: Ivan Briscoe is a fellow of the Conflict Research Unit of the Clingendael Institute. Martín Rodríguez Pellecer is a Guatemalan journalist. Special thanks to Edgar Gutiérrez for his assistance in the preparation of this report. Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Phonenumber: +31 (0)70 3245384 Telefax: +31 (0)70 3282002 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/cru © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Clingendael Institute, P.O Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. Contents Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... i Executive summary ................................................................................................................ iii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 2. The political system in Guatemala ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Indigenous Citizenship: Identity, Authority, and Rights In
    Constructing Indigenous Citizenship: Identity, Authority, and Rights in Decentralized Guatemala By Jennifer Noel Costanza B.A., University of Rhode Island, 2001 M.A., York University, 2004 M.A., Brown University, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2013 © Copyright 2013 by Jennifer Noel Costanza This dissertation by Jennifer Noel Costanza is accepted in its present form by the Department of Sociology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date_______________ ____________________________________ Patrick G. Heller, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_______________ ____________________________________ Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Reader Date_______________ ____________________________________ José Itzigsohn, Reader Date_______________ ____________________________________ Margot Jackson, Reader Date_______________ ____________________________________ Michael Kennedy, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_______________ ____________________________________ Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE JENNIFER NOEL COSTANZA Department of Sociology Brown University Box 1916 Providence RI, 02912, USA Date of Birth: November 29, 2012, Place of Birth: Wakefield, Rhode Island, USA EDUCATION Ph.D. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Sociology M.A. 2007 Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Sociology M.A. 2004 York
    [Show full text]
  • Russia Watch
    RUSSIA WATCH Graham T. Allison, Director Analysis and Commentary Editor: Danielle Lussier Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Copy Editor: John Grennan John F. Kennedy School of Government Consultant: Henry Hale Harvard University No. 9, January 2003 Russian Parties are Inching Forward making repeat appearances in or more than seventy elections, citizens have had greater F opportunities to familiarize years, “party politics” in themselves with the parties’ Russia involved one ideologies and views, decreasing the party—the Communist distance between parties and the electorate. Democratic Party of the Soviet Union. elections now have a history in Russia, and with this The past decade of history, the benefit of cumulative experience for both Russia’s transition has candidates and voters. witnessed an explosion of Much remains to be done before Russian (cont. p. 3) political movements, organizations, and parties competing for space in the elections game and seeking the staying power to become IN THIS ISSUE: democratic Russia’s party of power. Russia’s political party structure remains severely flawed. When viewed Henry Hale, p. 5 incrementally, rather than cumulatively, however, the Indiana University Bazaar Politics: Prospects for Parties in Russia political party glass is more full than empty. * Critics of Russian political party building often fail to Yury Medvedev, p. 8 stop and consider the yardstick they are applying. Is the Member of the Russian State Duma appropriate yardstick how far Russia has come since the Political Organizations and the Development of days of the Soviet Union? Or is it how far short Russia Democracy in Russia falls from the standards of established democracies? It is * easy to forget that Russia’s political parties are only in the Boris Nemtsov, p.
    [Show full text]
  • WT/TPR/M/315 8 September 2015 (15-4605) Page
    WT/TPR/M/315 8 September 2015 (15-4605) Page: 1/52 Trade Policy Review Body 23 and 25 June 2015 TRADE POLICY REVIEW CHILE MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. M. Atanas Atanassov Paparizov (Bulgaria) CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ....................................................... 2 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE.......................................... 4 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ................................................................................ 7 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ........................................................................................ 11 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ............. 43 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ......................................................... 50 Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided by Chile are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/315/Add.1 and will be available online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm. WT/TPR/M/315 • Chile - 2 - 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON 1.1. The fifth Trade Policy Review of Chile was held on 23 and 25 June 2015. The Chairperson H.E. Mr Atanas Atanassov Paparizov (Bulgaria) welcomed the delegation of Chile headed by Mr Andrés Rebolledo, Director General of International Economic Relations at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the rest of the delegation, including H.E. Ambassador Héctor Casanueva, Permanent Representative of Chile to the WTO; other colleagues from the Mission in Geneva; and the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Irene Young (Hong Kong, China). 1.2. The Chairperson recalled the purpose of the Trade Policy Reviews and the main elements of the procedures for the meeting. The report by Chile was contained in document WT/TPR/G/315 and that of the WTO Secretariat in WT/TPR/S/315.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation May 2015
    Liberating Forestry: Forestry Workers, Participatory Politics, and the Chilean Nation By Jennifer Adaline Baca A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Nathan F. Sayre, Co-chair Professor Gillian P. Hart, Co-chair Professor Nancy L. Peluso Professor Thomas Miller Klubock Spring 2015 © 2015 Jennifer Adaline Baca ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Abstract Liberating Forestry: Forestry Workers, Participatory Politics, and the Chilean Nation By Jennifer Adaline Baca Doctor of Philosophy in Geography University of California, Berkeley Professor Nathan F. Sayre, Co-chair Professor Gillian P. Hart, Co-chair In 2011, the eruption of the Chilean student movement broke open a nation-wide questioning of Chile’s current democracy centering on the ongoing influence of General Pinochet’s seventeen-year dictatorship. My dissertation illuminates central elements of Pinochet’s legacy and points toward possible changes necessary for a more democratic Chile in the present. Many studies examine the continuity and change between the dictatorship and the restored democracy and argue that the democratic potential of Chile’s present is bound by the political-economic inheritances from the authoritarian regime. This explanation, while accurate, stops short; the political-economic model of the dictatorship not only was installed by force, it was installed by force to eradicate a more participatory politics. As such, my research focuses on the contentious relationship between the Chilean path to Socialism and the military coup and subsequent dictatorship to elucidate the contents of this participatory politics and specify the tools of its eradication.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Permitted Indian? Bolivia and Guatemala in an Era of Neoliberal Developmentalism1 John-Andrew Mcneish
    Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2008, pp. 33–59 Beyond the Permitted Indian? Bolivia and Guatemala in an Era of Neoliberal Developmentalism1 John-Andrew McNeish This paper outlines and discusses the contrasting histories of inclusion and contestation associated with the introduction of neoliberal and multicultural policies in Bolivia and Guatemala. In drawing out and discussing the ambiguities of multiculturalism in these countries, the paper aims to validate and further develop Charles Hale’s recent thesis of the indio permitido (permitted Indian). Whereas Hale’s thesis refers to a project of neoliberal governance and control, I argue that recent events reveal the partial failure of this project. As much as the idea of the indio permitido articulates a critique of the shortcomings and ambiguities of these reforms, it also points to the factors that account for salient innovations in the mass protests that have been taking place in both countries. Keywords: Bolivia; Guatemala; multiculturalism; poverty; indigenous; protest; participation Introduction To attempt a comparison between countries so dissimilar and geographically far apart as Bolivia and Guatemala may well be to tempt folly. While at first sight they appear to have common histories of revolution, war, militarism and economic crisis, a closer look at the social, political and cultural evolution of both countries reveals important differences that preclude all simplistic notions of similarity. It is necessary, then, to be aware of the specificities and distinctiveness of these two societies. Once this is accepted, however, two shared elements provide a basis for the comparative analysis that is undertaken in this essay.
    [Show full text]
  • The Racial State and Race Formation
    University of Vermont UVM ScholarWorks UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses Undergraduate Theses 2021 The Racial State and Race Formation: A Comparative Case Study of the Use of Racial Narratives and Government Coercion for Racial Nation-State Building in Chile, China, and Myanmar McKenzie Imhoff Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/castheses Recommended Citation Imhoff, McKenzie, "The Racial State and Race Formation: A Comparative Case Study of the Use of Racial Narratives and Government Coercion for Racial Nation-State Building in Chile, China, and Myanmar" (2021). UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses. 85. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/castheses/85 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at UVM ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UVM ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Vermont Department of Sociology The Racial State and Race Formation: A Comparative Case Study of the Use of Racial Narratives and Government Coercion for Racial Nation-State Building in Chile, China, and Myanmar McKenzie Imhoff Thesis Advisor: Eleanor Miller Honors College Thesis April 2021 1 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Eleanor Miller, for her support throughout the process of creating this thesis, as well as her ceaseless guidance throughout my time at the University of Vermont. It was her class Sophomore year, “Urban Inequities and Crime: The Wire,” that ignited a sociological passion within, and that marked the first college course which transformed my perceptions of this world.
    [Show full text]