DOCSLIB.ORG

Study on the Development of Hill Stations Final Report II

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study on the Development of Hill Stations Final Report II Study on the Development of Hill Stations Final Report II TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................i LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES AND PLATES .......................................................................vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................E-1 LIST OF ACTION PLANS...................................................................................A-1 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES................................................................................. 1-2 1.3 STUDY APPROACH................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................. 1-3 1.5 CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY ..................................................... 1-4 1.6 FORMAT OF REPORT ............................................................................... 1-5 CHAPTER 2 : PENANG HILL 2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 EXISTING SITUATION ............................................................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Physical Environment .......................................................................... 2-1 2.2.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................ 2-5 2.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment............................................................ 2-13 2.2.4 Infrastructure & Utilities...................................................................... 2-23 2.3 STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS............ 2-25 2.3.1 Strengths ........................................................................................... 2-25 2.3.2 Weaknesses ...................................................................................... 2-27 2.3.3 Opportunities ..................................................................................... 2-29 2.3.4 Threats............................................................................................... 2-30 2.4 CARRYING CAPACITY............................................................................ 2-32 2.5 ACTION PLANS........................................................................................ 2-34 2.5.1 Development Focus & Guiding Issues............................................... 2-34 2.5.2 Land Use Strategies .......................................................................... 2-35 2.5.3 Socio-Economic Programmes ........................................................... 2-35 2.5.4 Tourism Enhancements..................................................................... 2-38 2.5.5 Biodiversity Conservation .................................................................. 2-41 2.5.6 Infrastructure & Environmental Improvements................................... 2-42 WWF Malaysia i December 2001 Study on the Development of Hill Stations Final Report II TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 : GUNUNG JERAI 3.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 EXISTING SITUATION ............................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Physical Environment .......................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................ 3-2 3.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment.............................................................. 3-9 3.2.4 Infrastructure & Utilities...................................................................... 3-14 3.3 STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS............ 3-15 3.3.1 Strengths ........................................................................................... 3-15 3.3.2 Weaknesses ...................................................................................... 3-15 3.3.3 Opportunities ..................................................................................... 3-16 3.3.4 Threats............................................................................................... 3-17 3.4 CARRYING CAPACITY............................................................................ 3-18 3.5 ACTION PLANS........................................................................................ 3-19 3.5.1 Development Focus & Guiding Issues............................................... 3-19 3.5.2 Land Use Strategies .......................................................................... 3-20 3.5.3 Socio-Economic & Tourism Enhancement ........................................ 3-20 3.5.4 Biodiversity Conservation .................................................................. 3-22 3.5.5 Infrastructure & Environmental Improvements................................... 3-23 CHAPTER 4 : BUKIT LARUT 4.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 EXISTING SITUATION ............................................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Physical Environment .......................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................ 4-2 4.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment............................................................ 4-10 4.2.4 Infrastructure & Utilities...................................................................... 4-13 4.3 STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS............ 4-14 4.3.1 Strengths ........................................................................................... 4-14 4.3.2 Weaknesses ...................................................................................... 4-15 4.3.3 Opportunities ..................................................................................... 4-16 4.3.4 Threats............................................................................................... 4-17 4.4 CARRYING CAPAPCITY.......................................................................... 4-18 4.5 ACTION PLANS........................................................................................ 4-19 4.5.1 Development Focus & Guiding Issues............................................... 4-19 4.5.2 Land Use Strategies .......................................................................... 4-19 4.5.3 Socio-Economic & Tourism Enhancement ........................................ 4-20 4.5.4 Biodiversity Conservation .................................................................. 4-22 4.5.5 Infrastructure & Environmental Improvements................................... 4-22 WWF Malaysia ii December 2001 Study on the Development of Hill Stations Final Report II TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 5 : LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 5.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 LEGAL ISSUES .......................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 Enhance Protection of Hill Stations...................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 Regulation of Transport Services......................................................... 5-2 5.3 INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES........................................................................... 5-4 5.3.1 Lack of Enforcement and Capacity (Human and Technical)................ 5-4 5.3.2 Lack of Co-ordination........................................................................... 5-5 APPENDIX I : REFERENCES APPENDIX II : LIST OF MEETINGS WITH STAKEHOLDERS WWF Malaysia iii December 2001 Study on the Development of Hill Stations Final Report II LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 : Penang Hill Land Use Table 2.2 : Penang Hill Town Area – Land Use Table 2.3 : Slope Analysis of Penang Hill Table 2.4 : Forest Reserves Adjoining Penang Hill Table 2.5 : A Comparison Between The Total Highland Plant Species Found in Peninsular Malaysia with that in Penang Hill Table 2.6 : Endemism and Rarity among Plant Species Found in Penang Hill Table 2.7 : Categorisation of Flora Species in Penang Hill According to Distribution Table 2.8 : Threatened and CITES – Listed Flora Species in Penang Hill Table 2.9 : Conservation Status of Terrestrial Verterbrate Fauna of Penang Hill According to the IUCN’s Red List of Threatened Species Table 2.10 : Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna of Penang Hill Accorded Protection under the Protection of Wild Life Act, 1972 (applicable to Peninsular Malaysia) Table 2.11 : Buildings Within Forest Reserve and Water Catchment Table 2.12 : Population Distribution, 1991 – 2000 Table 2.13 : Projected Population of Penang Hill, 2000 – 2020 Table 2.14 : Employment by Industrial Sectors, 1991 Table 2.15 : Visitor arrivals to Penang (1996 – 2000) Table 2.16 : Visitor Market Mix, July – September, 1999 – 2000 Table 2.17 : Number of Day Visitors to Penang Hill Table 2.18 : Supply of Hotels and Rooms in Penang State, 1997 – 1999 Table 2.19 : Distribution of Hotel Guests and Hotel Guests Nights, Penang, 1998 and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thai Railway Guide
    1 THAI RAILWAY GUIDE Effective 1 October 2015 2 Table of Contents Table of contents ...................................................................... 2 Southern Lines Schematic...................................................... 73 2015 calendar ........................................................................... 3 Table 13 Southern Lines – Southward Trains ................. 74 – 76 2016 calendar ........................................................................... 4 Table 14 Southern Lines – Northward Trains ................. 77 – 79 Using the timetable ................................................................... 5 Table 17 Special Tourism Trains ............................................. 80 Travel warning .......................................................................... 5 Table 18 Kanchanburi – River Kwai – Nam Tok ..................... 80 Contact information .................................................................. 5 Table 17 Maha Chai Line – Westward Trains ......................... 81 System map.............................................................................. 6 Table 18 Maha Chai Line – Eastward Trains .......................... 82 Railway access to points of interest ......................................... 7 Table 19 Mae Khlong Line ...................................................... 83 General information .................................................................. 8 Table 20 Thon Buri – Salaya commuter service ..................... 83 Principal stations .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Uranium Series Dates on Speleothem in the Kinta Valley and Its Significance in the Karst Landscape Evolution
    Geological Sociery of Malaysia Annual Geological Conference 2001 Jun e 2-3 2001 , Pangkor island, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Ma laysia Preliminary uranium series dates on speleothem in the Kinta Valley and its significance in the karst landscape evolution 1 2 1 R6s FATIHAH , PETER SMART AND YEAP EE BENG 1Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol Abstract: Uranium series dating technique has been used in dating cave materials and give estimation of up to 500 ka . The 230'fh/ 234U method has been proven to be the most versatil e and useful of all the uranium series methods and has been appli ed to a wide range of materials including speleothems in whi ch the optimal range being around 350 ka using the alpha spectrometer and 500 ka for mass spectrometer. This technique has been used in dating speleothem samples from Kinta Val ley caves. The preliminary ages obtai ned show some in dications that it can be correlated to the rate of denudation in this area. These ages when combined with th e rate of denudation and studi es of slope processes will help in better understanding the evolution of karst land scape. Abstrak: Tekni k siri uranium te lah digunakan dalam penentuan umur bahan-bahan enapan gua dan anggaran umur sehingga 500 ribu tahun diberi. Kaedah 230'fh/ 234U telah dibuktikan ya ng paling versatil dan berg una dalam semua kaedah siri uranium dan telah diaplikasikan kepada pelbagai bahan termas uk speleothem di mana julat optimum adalah sekitar 350 ribu tahun menggunakan alpha spektrometer dan 500 ribu tahun menggunakan mass spektrometer.
    [Show full text]
  • Kesinambungan Perubahan Pemerian Jasad Dan Rupa Tembikar Pra Sejarah Kepada Tembikar Tradisi Melayu
    KESINAMBUNGAN PERUBAHAN PEMERIAN JASAD DAN RUPA TEMBIKAR PRA SEJARAH KEPADA TEMBIKAR TRADISI MELAYU Oleh SALWA BINTI AYOB Tesis yang diserahkan untuk memenuhi keperluan Ijazah Doktor Falsafah Ogos 2011 PENGHARGAAN Bismillahiruahmaniruahim Syukur Alhamdulililah dengan limpah kurniaNya tesis ini telah berjaya disiapkan. Saya ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan terutamanya kepada penyelia utama saya Prof. Madya Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Najid Ahmad Dawa, begitu juga dengan penyelia bersama Prof. Dr. Radzali Othman. Rakaman yang sama saya tujukan kepada pihak muzium diseluruh Malaysia, Perbadanan Kemajuan Kraftangan Malaysia khususnya cawangan-cawangan di Enggor, Perak dan Jerantut, Pahang . Tidak terkecuali para penduduk lokasi kajian kes yang telah menerima baik kehadiran saya sebagai penyelidik, ketulusan hati budi tuan puan tidak dapat saya balas dengan wang ringgit. Kepada ayahanda, bonda, keluarga serta rakan-rakan seperjuangan, Dr June Ngo, Prof Madya Dr Mohd Sabrizza Abdul Rashid terima kasih diatas sokongan dan bimbingan yang telah diberikan. Buat seluruh ahli keluarga Hajjah Yang Nong Chik binti Alang Hussin dan Y.M. Raja Mazian binti Y.M. Raja Mohamed terima kasih kerana sudi berkongsi koleksi peribadi untuk penyelidikan ini. Tidak lupa juga buat Pusat Pengajian Seni USM, Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global USM, Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Malaysia dan Balai Seni Lukis Negara yang banyak memberikan saya ruang untuk menimba ilmu dengan kerjasama erat yang dihulurkan. Akhir kalam penghargaan dan ucapan terima kasih saya khusus kepada
    [Show full text]
  • Penang Hills Watch Report 2018 Prepared By
    Penang Hills Watch Report 2018 11th September 2018 Prepared by 1 Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.0 Records of public observations ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Zone 1: Northern Part of Penang Island .............................................................................................. 7 3.2 Zone 2: Middle Part of Penang Island .............................................................................................. 19 3.4 Zone 4: Seberang Perai ..................................................................................................................... 31 4.0 Follow up .............................................................................................................................................. 36 2 Penang Hills Watch Report 2018 1.0 Introduction The Penang Hills Watch (PHW) was publicly launched by the Penang Forum (PF) on 31 October 2016, with an invitation to the public to contribute on-the-ground observations on hill clearing activities. Thus far, we have documented 180 cases of land clearing in the hills, out of which 90 cases are sourced from the data tabled during the DUN seating in 2015 and 2016 respectively while we received 90 cases1 of land clearing and construction activities in the state from the general public, which we have documented, mapped and displayed online
    [Show full text]
  • Visitors' Directory 2020
    KEDAH Visitors’ Directory 2020 Abode of Peace, Nature & Agriculture KEDAH Visitors’ Directory 2020 KEDAH Visitors’ Directory 2020 KEDAH 2 Where you’ll find more than meets the mind... SEKAPUR SIREH JUNJUNG 4 Chief Minister of Kedah SEKAPUR SIREH KEDAH Kedah State Secretary State Executive Councilor Where you’ll find Champion, Tourism Productivity Nexus ABOUT TOURISM PRODUCTIVITY NEXUS (TPN) 12 more than meets the mind... WELCOME TO SIK 14 Map of Sik SIK ATTRACTIONS 16 Sri Lovely Organic Farm Lata Mengkuang Waterfalls Beris Lake Empangan Muda (Muda Dam) KEDA Resort Bendang Man Ulu Muda Eco Park Lata Lembu Forest Waterfall Sungai Viral Jeneri Hujan Lebat Forest Waterfall Lata Embun Forest Waterfall KEDAH CUISINE AND A CUPPA 22 Food Trails Passes to the Pasars 26 SIK EXPERIENCES IN GREAT PACKAGES 28 COMPANY LISTINGS PRODUCT LISTINGS 29 Livestock & Agriculture Operators Food Operators Craft Operators 34 ACCOMMODATION ESSENTIAL INFORMATION CONTENTS 36 Location & Transportation Getting Around Getting to Langkawi No place in the world has a combination of This is Kedah, the oldest existing kingdom in Useful Contact Numbers Tips for Visitors these features: a tranquil tropical paradise Southeast Asia. Essential Malay Phrases You’ll Need in Malaysia laced with idyllic islands and beaches framed Making Your Stay Nice - Local Etiquette and Advice by mystical hills and mountains, filled with Now Kedah invites the world to discover all Malaysia at a Glance natural and cultural wonders amidst vibrant her treasures from unique flora and fauna to KEDAH CALENDAR OF EVENTS 2020 cities or villages of verdant paddy fields, delicious dishes, from diverse experiences 46 all cradled in a civilisation based on proven in local markets and museums to the 48 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT history with archaeological site evidence coolest waterfalls and even crazy outdoor EMERGENCIES going back three millennia in an ancient adventures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Provider-Based Evaluation (Probe) 2014 Preliminary Report
    The Provider-Based Evaluation (ProBE) 2014 Preliminary Report I. Background of ProBE 2014 The Provider-Based Evaluation (ProBE), continuation of the formerly known Malaysia Government Portals and Websites Assessment (MGPWA), has been concluded for the assessment year of 2014. As mandated by the Government of Malaysia via the Flagship Coordination Committee (FCC) Meeting chaired by the Secretary General of Malaysia, MDeC hereby announces the result of ProBE 2014. Effective Date and Implementation The assessment year for ProBE 2014 has commenced on the 1 st of July 2014 following the announcement of the criteria and its methodology to all agencies. A total of 1086 Government websites from twenty four Ministries and thirteen states were identified for assessment. Methodology In line with the continuous and heightened effort from the Government to enhance delivery of services to the citizens, significant advancements were introduced to the criteria and methodology of assessment for ProBE 2014 exercise. The year 2014 spearheaded the introduction and implementation of self-assessment methodology where all agencies were required to assess their own websites based on the prescribed ProBE criteria. The key features of the methodology are as follows: ● Agencies are required to conduct assessment of their respective websites throughout the year; ● Parents agencies played a vital role in monitoring as well as approving their agencies to be able to conduct the self-assessment; ● During the self-assessment process, each agency is required to record
    [Show full text]
  • The Perak Development Experience: the Way Forward
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences December 2013, Vol. 3, No. 12 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Perak Development Experience: The Way Forward Azham Md. Ali Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Management and Economics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v3-i12/437 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v3-i12/437 Speech for the Menteri Besar of Perak the Right Honourable Dato’ Seri DiRaja Dr Zambry bin Abd Kadir to be delivered on the occasion of Pangkor International Development Dialogue (PIDD) 2012 I9-21 November 2012 at Impiana Hotel, Ipoh Perak Darul Ridzuan Brothers and Sisters, Allow me to briefly mention to you some of the more important stuff that we have implemented in the last couple of years before we move on to others areas including the one on “The Way Forward” which I think that you are most interested to hear about. Under the so called Perak Amanjaya Development Plan, some of the things that we have tried to do are the same things that I believe many others here are concerned about: first, balanced development and economic distribution between the urban and rural areas by focusing on developing small towns; second, poverty eradication regardless of race or religion so that no one remains on the fringes of society or is left behind economically; and, third, youth empowerment. Under the first one, the state identifies viable small- and medium-size companies which can operate from small towns. These companies are to be working closely with the state government to boost the economy of the respective areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspen Group Together with Oxley Holdings Aim to Bring Mixed-Use Integrated Development with Modern Conveniences to Air Itam
    PRESS RELEASE - FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Aspen Group together with Oxley Holdings aim to bring mixed-use integrated development with modern conveniences to Air Itam ▪ The Group together with Oxley Holdings Limited are investing RM165 mil to acquire a total of 7 pieces of freehold land measuring 29.05 acres (1.27 million sq ft) in Paya Terubong via a conditional sale and purchase agreement with Geo Valley Sdn Bhd ▪ The proposed development is a mixed-use development comprising residential towers, service apartments, retail lots and a community centre ▪ The land is strategically located within a matured suburban township serving a community as many as 400,000 people. ▪ The development will benefit from existing daily lifestyle amenities and well- connected excellent infrastructure in a matured residential township, including the ongoing Jalan Bukit Kukus Highway Project which will eventually link the Air Itam township to the FTZ area of Bayan Lepas, Penang International Airport and two Penang Bridges via the future Pan Island Link Singapore, 22 June 2019 – Aspen (Group) Holdings Limited (“Aspen” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Group”), today announced that its subsidiary company, Aspen Park Hills Sdn Bhd signed a conditional sales and purchase agreement with Geo Valley Sdn. Bhd., to acquire a total of seven pieces of freehold land measuring 29.05 acres in Paya Terubong for RM165mil. Geo Valley Sdn. Bhd. will also invest 25% equity in Aspen Park Hills Sdn Bhd. Parts of the land are currently approved by the local council for mixed development and for the construction of part of the Jalan Bukit Kukus paired road linking Thean Teik Highway from Air Itam to Jalan Paya Terubong.
    [Show full text]
  • Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Malaysian Tropical Rivers: Diversity and Seasonality
    Journal of Entomology and Nematology Vol. 3(2), pp. 030-036, February 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jen ISSN 2006- 9855 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Malaysian tropical rivers: Diversity and seasonality Suhaila Abdul Hamid* and Che Salmah Md. Rawi School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Accepted 23 December, 2010 Adult stoneflies (Plecoptera) were light-trapped monthl from January to December 2008 in Tupah River, Kedah, Malaysia. Two families of Plecoptera, Perlidae and Nemouridae were represented with nine species. More Plecoptera was collected in the wet seasons especially for the family Nemouridae. Neoperla asperata was a common species that occurred throughout the year. Neoperla fallax was equally common but this species was absent during early part of the year. The percentage of females was higher than male for all species of Plecoptera collected. Key words: Upstream river, Plecoptera, season, sex ratio, peninsular Malaysia. INTRODUCTION Plecoptera are primitive group of insects also known as valued and plentiful food source for bats and birds that stoneflies or salmonflies. The diversity of Plecoptera feed at dusk on flying insects (Fochetti and Tierno de declines rapidly from temperate Asian latitudes (nine Figueroa 2008). Moreover, according to Sweeney (1993), families) to tropical latitudes (four or fewer families). The mammals such as shrews and raccoons also eat on only diverse stonefly family in the Malaysian region is the Plecoptera nymphs as well as emerging adults. Perlidae. Comparative to their temperate counterparts, Aquatic insect emergence is strongly influenced by tropical stoneflies are incompletely understood (Sheldon season.
    [Show full text]
  • Laporan Pasaran Harta Separuh Pertama
    LAPORAN PASARAN HARTA SEPARUH PERTAMA PROPERTY MARKET REPORT FIRST HALF 2006 Kandungan LAPORAN Contents PASARAN HARTA SEPARUH PERTAMA 2006 PROPERTY MARKET REPORT FIRST HALF 2006 i JABATAN PENILAIAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN HARTA KEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN MALAYSIA VALUATION AND PROPERTY SERVICES DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF FINANCE MALAYSIA HARGA: RM75.00 ii Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta Valuation and Property Services Department Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia Ministry Of Finance Malaysia C Hak Cipta Terpelihara 2006 C Copyrights Reserved 2006 (ISSN 1675 - 2686) (ISSN 1675 - 2686) Naskhah jualan boleh didapati daripada: Sales copies are obtained from: (i) Ketua Pengarah (i) Director General Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta Valuation and Property Services Department Aras 3, Blok Selatan Presint 2 Level 3, Southern Block, Precint 2 Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya 62592 Putrajaya 62592 Putrajaya Telefon : 03 - 8882 4600 Telefon : 03 - 8882 4600 Telefaks : 03 - 8882 4601 Telefaks : 03 - 8882 4601 e-mail : [email protected] e-mail : [email protected] (ii) Pusat Maklumat Harta Tanah Negara (NAPIC) (ii) National Property Information Centre (NAPIC) Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta Valuation and Property Services Department Aras 4, Blok Selatan Presint 2 Level 4, Southern Block, Precint 2 Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya Pusat Pentadbiran Putrajaya 62592 Putrajaya 62592 Putrajaya Telefon : 03 - 8882 4600 Telefon : 03 - 8882 4600 Telefaks : 03 - 8882 4609 Telefaks : 03 - 8882 4609 e-mail : [email protected] e-mail : [email protected] (iii) Cawangan-cawangan Jabatan (iii) Branch offices of The Valuation and Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta Property Services Department Atur huruf dan kerja seni oleh: Typesetting and artwork by: Pusat Maklumat Harta Tanah Negara (NAPIC) National Property Information Centre (NAPIC) KANDUNGAN CONTENTS GAMBARAN KESELURUHAN PASARAN HARTA DI MALAYSIA BAGI SEPARUH TAHUN 2006 ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia, September 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Malaysia, September 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: MALAYSIA September 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Malaysia. Short Form: Malaysia. Term for Citizen(s): Malaysian(s). Capital: Since 1999 Putrajaya (25 kilometers south of Kuala Lumpur) Click to Enlarge Image has been the administrative capital and seat of government. Parliament still meets in Kuala Lumpur, but most ministries are located in Putrajaya. Major Cities: Kuala Lumpur is the only city with a population greater than 1 million persons (1,305,792 according to the most recent census in 2000). Other major cities include Johor Bahru (642,944), Ipoh (536,832), and Klang (626,699). Independence: Peninsular Malaysia attained independence as the Federation of Malaya on August 31, 1957. Later, two states on the island of Borneo—Sabah and Sarawak—joined the federation to form Malaysia on September 16, 1963. Public Holidays: Many public holidays are observed only in particular states, and the dates of Hindu and Islamic holidays vary because they are based on lunar calendars. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date); Chinese New Year (movable set of three days in January and February); Muharram (Islamic New Year, movable date); Mouloud (Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday, movable date); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (movable date in May); Official Birthday of His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (June 5); National Day (August 31); Deepavali (Diwali, movable set of five days in October and November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date); and Christmas Day (December 25). Flag: Fourteen alternating red and white horizontal stripes of equal width, representing equal membership in the Federation of Malaysia, which is composed of 13 states and the federal government.
    [Show full text]
  • Trans-Asian Railway in the Southern Corridor of Asia-Europe Routes
    ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY IN THE SOUTHERN CORRIDOR OF ASIA-EUROPE ROUTES UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY TRANS-ASIAN RAILWAY IN THE SOUTHERN CORRIDOR OF ASIA-EUROPE ROUTES UNITED NATIONS New York, 1999 ST/ESCAP/1980 This publication was prepared by Peter Hodgkinson, Consultant, with financial support by the Government of Germany through GTZ German Technical Cooperation. The description employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has been issued without formal editing. CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1 2. NETWORK IDENTIFICATION............................................................................................3 2.1 Routes of international significance .........................................................................3 2.1.1 Route TAR-S1.............................................................................................5 2.1.2 Route TAR-S2.............................................................................................5 2.1.3 Route TAR-S3.............................................................................................7
    [Show full text]