ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS and CHEMOTHERAPY Volume 30 September 1986 No

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY Volume 30 September 1986 No. 3

MINIREVIEW In Vitro and Pharmacokinetic Properties of the Carbapenems. Richard Wise ... 343-349 CHEMISTRY: BIOSYNTHESIS Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a Series of Caespitin Derivatives. Cornelis J. Van der Schyf, Theodor G. Dekker, Theunis G. Fourie, and Friedrich 0. Snyckers ...... 375-381 Antifungal Macrodiolide from Streptomyces sp. H. R. Y. Jois, Annapoorna Sarkar, and S. Gurusiddaiah ...... 458-464 MECHANISMS OF ACTION: PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Effect of Antibiotics on Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae Type b. Janet R. Gilsdorf and Jill M. Jesperson ...... 370-374 Aryl-Fluoroquinolone Derivatives A-56619 (Difloxacin) and A-56620 Inhibit Mito- gen-Induced Human Mononuclear Cell Proliferation. Sastry V. S. Gollapudi, Bharathi Vayuvegula, Sudhir Gupta, Michael Fok, and Haragopal Thadepalli ...... 390-394 Membrane Perturbation by Aminoglycosides as a Simple Screen of Their Toxicity. Stacley Au, Norman Weiner, and Jochen Schacht ...... 395-397 Astromicin-Induced Membrane Damage in Serratia marcescens. Akiko Umeda, Kunihiko Murata, and Kazunobu Amako ...... 398-402 Novel Morphological Changes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Caused by Combination of Bulgecin and Cefmenoxime. Masafumi Nakao, Koichi Yukishige, Masahiro Kondo, and Akira Imada ...... 414-417 7at-Formylamino Substituent Confers P-Lactamase-Inactivating Potency on 1-Oxacephalosporins. Kazuhisa Murakami, Masayoshi Doi, and Tadashi Yoshida ...... 447-452 Inhibition of DNA Replication Initiation by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Keita Matsunaga, Hiroshi Yamaki, Toshio Nishimura, and Nobuo Tanaka ...... 468-474 Influence of jI-Lactam Antibiotics and Ciprofloxacin on Composition and Immu- nogenicity of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane. Hermann Leying, Sebastian Suerbaum, Hein-Peter Kroll, Helge Karch, and Wolfgang Opferkuch ...... 475-480 Allium sativum (Garlic) Inhibits Lipid Synthesis by Candida albicans. Moses Adetumbi, George T. Javor, and Benjamin H. S. Lau ...... 499-501 MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE Evidence for Multiple Forms of Type I Chromosomal P-Lactamase in Pseudo- monas aeruginosa. Mark L. Gates, Christine C. Sanders, Richard V. Goering, and W. Eugene Sanders, Jr...... 453-457 Mutation within the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Gene Conferring Resistance to (R)-9-(3,4-Dihydroxybutyl)Guanine. Henry C. Chiou, Kelvin M. Kerns, and Donald M. Coen ...... 502-504 Continued on following page Continued from preceding page Characterization of a,-Lactamase-Specifying Plasmid Isolated from Eikenella corrodens and Its Relationship to a Commensal Neisseria Plasmid. Rafael Rotger, Elena Garcia-Valdes, and Emilio Perez Trallero...... 508-509 SUSCEPTIBILITY In Vitro Activity andP-Lactamase Stability of Two Oral Cephalosporins, Cefte- trame (Ro 19-5247) and Cefetamet (Ro 15-8074). Harold C. Neu, Nai-Xun Chin, and Pornpen Labthavikul...... 423-428 In Vitro Activities of Ro 19-5247 and Ro 15-8074, New Oral Cephalosporins. Robert J. Fass and Valerie L. Helsel...... 429-434 Susceptibility of Campylobacter pyloridis to 20 Antimicrobial Agents. Thierry Lambert, Francis Megraud, Guy Gerbaud, and Patrice Courvalin ...... 510-511 In Vitro Activities of U-63366, a Spectinomycin Analog; Roxithromycin (RU 28965), a New Macrolide Antibiotic; and Five Quinolone Derivatives against Haemophilus ducreyi. Marie-Jose Sanson-Le Pors, Isabelle M. Casin, Marie-Christine Thebault, Guillaume Arlet, and Yvonne Perol ...... 512-513 In Vitro Antiviral Activity of the 6-Substituted 2-(3',4'-Dichlorophenoxy)-2H- Pyrano[2,3-b]Pyridines MDL 20,610, MDL 20,646, and MDL 20,957. Michael T. Kenny, Jacqueline K. Dulworth, Thomas M. Bargar, Harry L. Torney, Michael C. Graham, and A. M. Manelli ...... 516-518 EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Activity of SM-4470, a New Imidazole Derivative, against Experimental Fungal Infections. Katsuaki Ichise, Tomoharu Tanio, Ikutaro Saji, and Takao Okuda ...... 366-369 Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin for Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Methicillin- Susceptible or -Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus. T. C. Carpenter, C. J. Hackbarth, H. F. Chambers, and M. A. Sande ...... 382-384 Continuous Versus Intermittent Administration of Ceftazidime in Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia in Normal and Leukopenic Rats. Robert Roosendaal, Irma A. J. M. Bakker-Woudenberg, Marion van den Berghe- van Raffe, and Marc F. Michel ...... 403-408 Suppression of Scrapie Infection in Mice by Heteropolyanion 23, Dextran Sulfate, and Some Other Polyanions. Richard H. Kimberlin and Carol A. Walker 409-413 Activity of Fluconazole (UK 49,858) and Ketoconazole against Candida albicans In Vitro and In Vivo. Thomas E. Rogers and John N. Galgiani ...... 418-422 Antimicrobial Therapy of Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Nutritionally Variant Viridans Group Streptococci. Nancy K. Henry, Walter R. Wilson, Richard B. Roberts, Jacques F. Acar, and Joseph E. Geraci ...... 465-467 Delayed Treatment with Combinations of Antiviral Drugs in Mice Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus and Application of the Median Effect Method of Analysis. Raymond F. Schinazi, Ting-Chao Chou, Robert Taylor Scott, Xuejun Yao, and Andre J. Nahmias ...... 491-498 CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS Comparison of Cyclacillin and Amoxicillin for Therapy of Acute Maxillary Sinus- itis. W. Michael Scheld, Austin Sydnor, Jr., Barry Farr, Jean C. Gratz, and Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr...... 350-353 Clinical Comparison of Piperacillin and Cefoxitin in Patients with Bacteriologic- ally Confirmed Infections. Richard V. McCloskey ...... 354-358

Continued on following page Continuedfrom preceding page Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Surveillance Stool Cultures of Patients with Pro- longed Neutropenia. John R. Wingard, James Dick, Patricia Charache, and Rein Saral ...... 435-439 Norfioxacin in the Therapy of Uncomplicated Gonorrhea. Barbara Romanowski, Helen Wood, Jean Draker, and Michael C. Tsianco ...... 514-515 PHARMACOLOGY Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Low- and High-Dose Ticarcillin. B. Joseph Guglielmo, John F. Flaherty, Robert Batman, Steven L. Barriere, and John G. Gambertoglio ...... 359-360 New Sodium Hydroxide Digestion Method for Measurement of Renal Tobramycin Concentrations. David N. Gilbert and Sue J. Kohlhepp ...... 361-365 Renal Cortical Kinetics of Gentamicin after Implantation of Gentamicin-Poly- methylmethacrylate Beads in Rats. Ruben A. Giuliano, Gert A. Verpooten, and Marc E. De Broe ...... 385-389 Dose Ranging Study and Constant Infusion Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin. George L. Drusano, Karen I. Plaisance, Alan Forrest, and Harold C. Standiford 440-443 Absolute Oral Bioavailability of Ciprofloxacin. George L. Drusano, Harold C. Standiford, Karen Plaisance, Alan Forrest, James Leslie, and James Caldwell ...... 444-446 Penetration of Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate into the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Inflamed Meninges. Johan S. Bakken, Johan N. Bruun, Peter Gaustad, and Timothy C. G. Tasker ...... 481-484 Pharmacokinetics of Cefixime (CL 284,635; FK 027) in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Renal Insufficiency. D. R. P. Guay, R. C. Meatherall, G. K. Harding, and G. R. Brown...... 485-490 Aztreonam Concentrations in Human Tissues Obtained During Thoracic and Gynecologic Surgery. T. R. Beam, Jr., R. P. Galask, L. T. Friedhoff, T. B. Platt, and M. A. Leitz ...... 505-507 ERRATUM Comparative Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Amantadine Hydrochloride and Rimantadine Hydrochloride in Young and Elderly Adults. Frederick G. Hayden, Anil Minocha, Daniel A. Spyker, and Howard E. Hoffman ...... 519

Date of Issue: 10 September 1986

CHANGE IN METHOD OF DELIVERY FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES For the past several years, ASM journal subscriptions have been fulfilled via air drop shipment to central distribution points, from which the issues were then mailed. Unfortunately, we can no longer afford this service. To hold down drastically rising costs, we have arranged to distribute our journals through surface drop shipment followed by mailing. Subscribers outside the United States will receive their issues two to three weeks later than heretofore, for which we are deeply regretful. There was no way that we could continue the previous service at its very expensive and continually increasing cost. This change in mode of delivery will be effective beginning with the November issues. Subscribers within the United States and subscribers from abroad who are paying the surcharge for direct air mail shipment will be unaffected by the change.