DOCSLIB.ORG

Antibiotic Classes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antibiotic Classes Penicillins Aminoglycosides Generic Brand Name Generic Brand Name Amoxicillin Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox, Wymox Amikacin Amikin Ampicillin Omnipen, Polycillin, Polycillin-N, Gentamicin Garamycin, G-Mycin, Jenamicin Principen, Totacillin, Unasyn Kanamycin Kantrex Bacampicillin Spectrobid Neomycin Mycifradin, Myciguent Carbenicillin Geocillin, Geopen Netilmicin Netromycin Cloxacillin Cloxapen Paromomycin Dicloxacillin Dynapen, Dycill, Pathocil Streptomycin Flucloxacillin Flopen, Floxapen, Staphcillin Tobramycin Nebcin Mezlocillin Mezlin Nafcillin Nafcil, Nallpen, Unipen Quinolones Oxacillin Bactocill, Prostaphlin Generic Brand Name Penicillin G Bicillin L-A, First Generation Crysticillin 300 A.S., Pentids, Flumequine Flubactin Permapen, Pfizerpen, Pfizerpen- Nalidixic acid NegGam, Wintomylon AS, Wycillin Oxolinic acid Uroxin Penicillin V Beepen-VK, Betapen-VK, Piromidic acid Panacid Ledercillin VK, V-Cillin K Pipemidic acid Dolcol Piperacillin Pipracil, Zosyn Rosoxacin Eradacil Pivampicillin Second Generation Pivmecillinam Ciprofloxacin Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciprobay, Ciproxin Ticarcillin Ticar Enoxacin Enroxil, Penetrex Lomefloxacin Maxaquin Monobactams Nadifloxacin Acuatim, Nadoxin, Nadixa Generic Brand Name Norfloxacin Lexinor, Noroxin, Quinabic, Aztreonam Azactam, Cayston Janacin Ofloxacin Floxin, Oxaldin, Tarivid Carbapenems Pefloxacin Peflacine Generic Brand Name Rufloxacin Uroflox Imipenem, Primaxin Third Generation Imipenem/cilastatin Balofloxacin Baloxin Doripenem Doribax Gatifloxacin Tequin, Zymar Meropenem Merrem Grepafloxacin Raxar Ertapenem Invanz Levofloxacin Cravit, Levaquin Moxifloxacin Avelox, Vigamox Macrolides Pazufloxacin Pasil, Pazucross Generic Brand Name Sparfloxacin Zagam Azithromycin Zithromax Temafloxacin Omniflox Erythromycin Tosufloxacin Ozex, Tosacin Clarithromycin Biaxin Fourth Generation Dirithromycin Dynabac Besifloxacin Besivance Roxithromycin Rulid, Surlid Clinafloxacin Ketolides Gemifloxacin Factive Telithromycin Ketek Sitafloxacin Gracevit Trovafloxacin Trovan Lincosamides Prulifloxacin Quisnon Generic Brand Name Clindamycin Cleocin Lincomycin Lincocin New Rx are created frequently. Users are encouraged to consult appropriate reference for unfamiliar Rx. Sulfonamides (cefadroxyl) Generic Brand Name Cefalexin Keflex, Keftab Sulfamethizole Thiosulfil Forte (cephalexin) Sulfamethoxazole Gantanol, Urobak Cefaloglycin Kefglycin Sulfisoxazole Gantrisin (cephaloglycin) Trimethoprim- Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Cotrim, Cefalonium Sulfamethoxazole Cotrim DS, Septra, Septra DS, (cephalonium) Sulfatrim, Sulfatrim-DS Cefaloridine (cephaloradine) Tetracyclines Cefalotin Keflin Generic Brand Name (cephalothin) Demeclocycline Declomycin Cefapirin (cephapirin) Cefadyl Doxycycline Doryx, Vibramycin Cefatrizine Minocycline Dynacin, Minocin, Monodox Cefazaflur Oxytetracycline Terramycin Cefazedone Tetracycline Achromycin Cefazolin (cephazolin) Ancef, Kefzol Tigecycline Tygacil Cefradine Velosef (cephradine) Other Cefroxadine Generic Brand Name Ceftezole Chloramphenicol Chloromycetin Second Generation Metronidazole Flagyl, Helidac, Metizol, Metric 21, Cefaclor Ceclor, Ceclor CD, Distaclor, Neo-Metric, Noritate, Novonidazol Keflor, Ranicor Tinidazole Tindamax Cefamandole Mandol Nitrofurantoin Furadantin, Macrobid, Cefmetazole Macrodantin Cefonicid Monocid Glycopeptides Cefotetan Cefotan Vancomycin Vancocin Cefoxitin Mefoxin Teicoplanin Targocid Cefprozil (cefproxil) Cefzil Lipoglycopeptides Cefuroxime Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef, Zinnat Telavancin Vibativ Cefuzonam Oxazolidinones Third Generation Linezolid Zyvox Cefcapene Cycloserine 2 Seromycin Cefdaloxime Rifamycins Cefdinir Omnicef, Cefdiel Rifampin Rifadin Cefditoren Spectracef Rifabutin Mycobutin Cefetamet Rifapentine Priftin Cefixime Suprax Polypeptides Cefmenoxime Cefmax Bacitracin Baciguent Cefodizime Polymyxin B Cefotaxime Claforan Tuberactinomycins Cefpimizole Viomycin Cefpodoxime Vantin Capreomycin Cefteram Ceftibuten Cedax Cephalosporins Ceftiofur Excede Generic Brand Name Ceftiolene First Generation Ceftizoxime Cefizox Cefacetrile Celospor, Celtol, Cristacef Ceftriaxone Rocephin (cephacetrile) Cefoperazone Cefobid Cefadroxil Duricef, Ultracef New Rx are created frequently. Users are encouraged to consult appropriate reference for unfamiliar Rx. Ceftazidime Ceptaz, Fortum, Fortaz, Tazicef, Tazidime Fourth Generation Cefclidine Cefepime Maxipime Cefluprenam Cefoselis Cefozopran Cefpirome Cefrom Cefquinome Fifth Generation Ceftobiprole Zeftera Ceftaroline Teflaro Not Classified Cefaclomezine Cefaloram Cefaparole Cefcanel Cefedrolor Cefempidone Cefetrizole Cefivitril Cefmatilen Cefmepidium Cefovecin Cefoxazole Cefrotil Cefsumide Cefuracetime Ceftioxide New Rx are created frequently. Users are encouraged to consult appropriate reference for unfamiliar Rx. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review on the Current Classification and Regulatory Provisions for Medicines in Drug & Cosmetic Act, in the Light of Present Day Context
    Section Pharmaindustry Commentary A Review on the Current Classification and Regulatory Provisions for Medicines in Drug & Cosmetic Act, in the light of Present Day Context Prashant Tandon1, Varun Gupta2, Ashish Ranjan3, Purav Gandhi4, Anand Kotiyal5, 3 Aastha Kapoor 3 1Founder ;2VP & Head Medical Affair; Manager Medical Affair; 5Drug Data Analyst Medical Affair, 1mg Technologies Private Limited, 4th Floor, Motorola Building, MG Road, Sector 14, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001. 4Founder, Remedy Social, C/602, Tulip Citadel, Shreyas Tekra, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat. ABSTRACT______________________________________________________________ Background: Current classification of medicines in Conclusions: We have recommended a revised drug India under Drug and Cosmetic Act into Schedule G, classification system that is more comprehensive in coverage and H, H1, X is outdated, evolved through patchwork over eliminates the overlaps between classes. Moreover, considering the years and needs to be thoroughly updated. The the implementation challenges for such a drug classification primary aim of the scheduling system is to ensure system in the diverse and fragmented ecosystem in India, we appropriate access to medicines while balancing recommend a technology backed platform to help monitor the public health and safety. India is experiencing a rapid implementation. transition with the rising burden of chronic non- communicable diseases where regular access of Key words: Drug Classification System, Drug and Cosmetic Act affordable medicines is critical for chronic disease India, Digitization of Prescriptions, Drug Schedules in India, management to prevent complications. Methods: We Schedule H, Monitoring Drug Schedule System analyzed drugs commonly selling across India, Received: 01.09.17 | Accepted:16.09.17 through multiple information sources including 1mg drug database, PharmaTrac (AIOCD-AWACS), Corresponding Author inventory data from distributors and retailers, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Trisindolyl-Cycloalkanes and Bis- Indolyl Naphthalene Small Molecules As Potent Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents
    Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Trisindolyl-Cycloalkanes and Bis- Indolyl Naphthalene Small Molecules as Potent Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) Vorgelegt der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Institut für Pharmazie Fachbereich für Pharmazeutische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Kaveh Yasrebi Geboren am 09.14.1987 in Teheran/Iran (Islamische Republik) Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Andreas Hilgeroth (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany) 2. Prof. Dr. Sibel Süzen (Ankara Üniversitesi, Turkey) 3. Prof. Dr. Michael Lalk (Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany) Halle (Saale), den 21. Juli 2020 Selbstständigkeitserklärung Hiermit erkläre ich gemäß § 5 (2) b der Promotionsordnung der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I – Institut für Pharmazie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel und Quellen angefertigt habe. Alle Stellen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß aus Veröffentlichungen entnommen sind, habe ich als solche kenntlich gemacht. Ich erkläre ferner, dass diese Arbeit in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form bisher keiner anderen Prüfbehörde zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades vorgelegt wurde. Halle (Saale), den 21. Juli 2020 Kaveh Yasrebi Acknowledgement This study was carried out from June 2015 to July 2017 in the Research Group of Drug Development and Analysis led by Prof. Dr. Andreas Hilgeroth at the Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. I would like to thank all the people for their participation who supported my work in this way and helped me obtain good results. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Andreas Hilgeroth for providing me with opportunity to carry out my Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Computational Drug Repositioning Case Study Prashant S. Kharkar1*, Ponnadurai Ramasami2, Yee S
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Discovery of Anti-Ebola Drugs: A Computational Drug Repositioning Case Study Prashant S. Kharkar1*, Ponnadurai Ramasami2, Yee Siew Choong3, Lydia Rhyman2 and Sona Warrier1 1SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056. INDIA. 2 Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius 3Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Contents Sr. No. Description Page No. 1 Table 1S 1 2 Figure 1S 28 3 Figure 2S 29 4 Figure 3S 30 5 Figure 4S 31 6 Figure 5S 32 Table 1S. Top hits (#100) identified from EON screening using query 1 Estimated Sr. EON_ Shape Free Energy Drug Structure ET_pb ET_coul ET_combo Rank No. Tanimoto of Binding (kcal/mol) OH O Br N O 1 1 S -9.88 HO O O O S O O 2 Sitaxentan S 0.633 0.914 0.926 0.294 1 -14.37 HN O Cl O N O HO 3 Alitretinoina 0.66 0.91 0.906 0.246 2 -3.91 NH 2 S N N O O HN 4 Ceftriaxone S 0.606 0.937 0.823 0.217 3 -12.33 N O S N O HO O N N O H O a 5 Acitretin O 0.637 0.936 0.809 0.172 4 -3.71 OH HO NH 2 HO N N 6 Cidofovir P O 0.473 0.633 0.783 0.31 5 -4.21 HO O O N N N N 7 Telmisartan 0.601 0.908 0.775 0.174 6 -6.46 OH O 8 Nateglinidea HN 0.54 0.874 0.745 0.205 7 -3.78 OH O O H N 2 S OH N O N S O 9 Ceftizoxime N 0.557 0.88 0.735 0.178 8 -11.35 H O N O OH O 10 Treprostinil OH 0.432 0.846 0.732 0.301 9 -3.41 O HO O O S
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,662.400 B2 Smith Et Al
    USOO9662400B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,662.400 B2 Smith et al. (45) Date of Patent: *May 30, 2017 (54) METHODS FOR PRODUCING A (2013.01); C08B 37/003 (2013.01); C08L 5/08 BODEGRADABLE CHITOSAN (2013.01); A6 IK 38/00 (2013.01); A61 L COMPOSITION AND USES THEREOF 2300/404 (2013.01) (58) Field of Classification Search (71) Applicant: University of Memphis Research CPC ...... A61K 47/36; A61K 31/00; A61K 9/7007; Foundation, Memphis, TN (US) A61K 9/0024; A61 L 15/28: A61L 27/20; A61L 27/58: A61L 31/042; C08B 37/003 (72) Inventors: James Keaton Smith, Memphis, TN USPC ................................ 514/23, 40, 777; 536/20 (US); Ashley C. Parker, Memphis, TN See application file for complete search history. (US); Jessica A. Jennings, Memphis, (56) References Cited TN (US); Benjamin T. Reves, Memphis, TN (US); Warren O. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Haggard, Bartlett, TN (US) 4,895,724. A * 1/1990 Cardinal .............. A61K9/0024 424,278.1 (73) Assignee: The University of Memphis Research 5,541,233 A 7/1996 Roenigk Foundation, Memphis, TN (US) 5,958,443 A 9/1999 Viegas et al. 6,699,287 B2 3/2004 Son et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,989,157 B2 1/2006 Gillis et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,371.403 B2 5/2008 McCarthy et al. 2003, OO15825 A1 1/2003 Sugie et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2003/0206958 A1 11/2003 Cattaneo et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Patterns of Antimicrobial Therapy in Acute Tonsillitis: a Cross
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil JOHN, LISHA J.; CHERIAN, MEENU; SREEDHARAN, JAYADEVAN; CHERIAN, TAMBI Patterns of Antimicrobial therapy in acute tonsillitis: A cross-sectional Hospital-based study from UAE Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 86, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2014, pp. 451-457 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32730090032 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2014) 86(1): 451-457 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420120036 www.scielo.br/aabc Patterns of Antimicrobial therapy in acute tonsillitis: A cross-sectional Hospital-based study from UAE LISHA J. JOHN1, MEENU CHERIAN2, JAYADEVAN SREEDHARAN3 and TAMBI CHERIAN2 1Department of Pharmacology, Gulf Medical University, 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates 2Department of ENT, Gulf Medical College Hospital, 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates 3Statistical Support Facility, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Research and Innovation, Gulf Medical University, 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates Manuscript received on December 20, 2012; accepted for publication on October 14, 2013 ABSTRACT Background: Diseases of the ear, nose and throat (ENT) are associated with significant impairment of the daily life and a major cause for absenteeism from work.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigerian Veterinary Journal 39(3)
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal 39(3). 2018 Asambe et al. NIGERIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL ISSN 0331-3026 Nig. Vet. J., September 2018 Vol 39 (3): 199 -208. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v39i3.3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE In Vitro Comparative Activity of Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin against Clinical Isolates from Chickens in Benue State, Nigeria Asambe, A.1*; Babashani, M2. and Salisu, U. S.1 ¹.Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State. 2.Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Tel No:+2348063103254 SUMMARY This study compares the in vitro activities of enrofloxacin and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin against clinical Escherichia coli and non-lactose fermenting enterobacteria isolates from chickens. Ten (10) Escherichia coli and 8 non lactose fermenting enterobacteriaceae species isolated from a pool of clinical cases at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Agriculture Makurdi were used in this study. Ten-fold serial dilution of 10 varying concentrations (0.1-50μg/mL) of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were tested against the isolates in vitro by Bauer’s disc-diffusion method to determine and compare their antimicrobial activities against the isolates. The 18 isolates tested were susceptible to both enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and their mean values in the susceptibility of Escherichia coli and non-lactose fermenters were significantly different (p < 0.01). The study concluded that the clinical isolates are susceptible to both enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin though ciprofloxacin exhibit higher activity. Comparatively, ciprofloxacin was found to be more potent than enrofloxacin and the difference statistically significant. Ciprofloxacin was recommended as a better choice in the treatment of bacterial infections of chicken in this area compared to enrofloxacin.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    VOLUME 7 NOMOR 2 DESEMBER 2020 ISSN 2548 – 611X JURNAL BIOTEKNOLOGI & BIOSAINS INDONESIA Homepage Jurnal: http://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/JBBI IN SILICO STUDY OF CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVES TO INHIBIT THE ACTIONS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa Studi In Silico Senyawa Turunan Sefalosporin dalam Menghambat Aktivitas Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Saly Amaliacahya Aprilian*, Firdayani, Susi Kusumaningrum Pusat Teknologi Farmasi dan Medika, BPPT, Gedung LAPTIAB 610-612 Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 *Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Infeksi yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri gram-negatif, seperti Pseudomonas aeruginosa telah menyebar luas di seluruh dunia. Hal ini menjadi ancaman terhadap kesehatan masyarakat karena merupakan bakteri yang multi-drug resistance dan sulit diobati. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya pengembangan agen antimikroba untuk mengobati infeksi semakin meningkat dan salah satu yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan adalah senyawa turunan sefalosporin. Penelitian ini melakukan studi mengenai interaksi tiga dimensi (3D) antara antibiotik dari senyawa turunan Sefalosporin dengan penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) pada P. aeruginosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklarifikasi bahwa agen antimikroba yang berasal dari senyawa turunan sefalosporin efektif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri P. aeruginosa. Struktur PBPs didapatkan dari Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 5DF9). Sketsa struktur turunan sefalosporin digambar menggunakan Marvins Sketch. Kemudian, studi mengenai interaksi antara antibiotik dan PBPs dilakukan menggunakan program Mollegro Virtual Docker 6.0. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu nilai rerank score terendah dari kelima generasi sefalosporin, di antaranya sefalotin (-116.306), sefotetan (-133.605), sefoperazon (-160.805), sefpirom (- 144.045), dan seftarolin fosamil (-146.398). Keywords: antibiotik, penicillin-binding proteins, P. aeruginosa, sefalosporin, studi interaksi ABSTRACT Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been spreading worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • AMR Surveillance in Pharma: a Case-Study for Data Sharingauthor by Professor Barry Cookson
    AMR Open Data Initiative AMR Surveillance in Pharma: a case-study for data sharingauthor by Professor Barry Cookson External Consultant to Project eLibrary • Division of Infection and Immunity, Univ. College London ESCMID• Dept. of Microbiology, © St Thomas’ Hospital Background of “90 day Project” Addressed some recommendations of the first Wellcome funded multi-disciplinary workshop (included Pharma Academia & Public Health invitees: 27thauthor July 2017 (post the Davos Declaration): by 1) Review the landscape of existing Pharma AMR programmes, their protocols,eLibrary data standards and sets 2) Develop a "portal" (register/platform) to access currently available AMR Surveillance data ESCMID Important ©to emphasise that this is a COLLABORATION between Pharma and others Overview of Questionnaire Content • General information - including name,author years active, countries, antimicrobials, microorganisms.by • Methodology - including accreditation, methodology for; surveillance, isolate collection, organism identification, breakpointseLibrary used, • Dataset - including data storage methodology, management and how accessed. ESCMID © 13 Company Responses author 7 by 3 3 eLibrary ESCMID © Structure of register Companies can have different ways of referring to their activities: We had to choose a consistent framework. author Companies Companyby 1 Programmes Programme A Programme B eLibrary Antimicrobials 1 2 3 4 5 company’s product comparator company’s product antimicrobials Programmes canESCMID contain multiple studies (e.g. Pfizer has© single
    [Show full text]
  • Fluoroquinolones for Treating Tuberculosis (Presumed Drug- Sensitive) (Review)
    Fluoroquinolones for treating tuberculosis (presumed drug- sensitive) (Review) Ziganshina LE, Titarenko AF, Davies GR This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 6 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Fluoroquinolones for treating tuberculosis (presumed drug-sensitive) (Review) Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR THE MAIN COMPARISON . ..... 3 BACKGROUND .................................... 5 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 6 METHODS ...................................... 6 RESULTS....................................... 9 Figure1. ..................................... 10 Figure2. ..................................... 12 ADDITIONALSUMMARYOFFINDINGS . 15 DISCUSSION ..................................... 20 Figure3. ..................................... 20 Figure4. ..................................... 21 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 23 REFERENCES ..................................... 24 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 30 DATAANDANALYSES. 60 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Fluoroquinolones plus standard regimen (HRZE) versus standard regimen alone (HRZE), Outcome1Deathfromanycause. 61 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Fluoroquinolones plus standard regimen (HRZE) versus standard regimen alone (HRZE), Outcome2TB-relateddeath.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluoroquinolones in Children: a Review of Current Literature and Directions for Future Research
    Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Fluoroquinolones in children: a review of current literature and directions for future research Laurens GOEMÉ Promotor: Prof. Dr. Johan Vande Walle Co-promotor: Dr. Kevin Meesters, Dr. Pauline De Bruyne Dissertation presented in the 2nd Master year in the programme of Master of Medicine in Medicine 1 Deze pagina is niet beschikbaar omdat ze persoonsgegevens bevat. Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, 2021. This page is not available because it contains personal information. Ghent Universit , Librar , 2021. Table of contents Title page Permission for loan Introduction Page 4-6 Methodology Page 6-7 Results Page 7-20 1. Evaluation of found articles Page 7-12 2. Fluoroquinolone characteristics in children Page 12-20 Discussion Page 20-23 Conclusion Page 23-24 Future perspectives Page 24-25 References Page 26-27 3 1. Introduction Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are a class of antibiotics, derived from modification of quinolones, that are highly active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In 1964,naladixic acid was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as first quinolone (1). Chemical modifications of naladixic acid resulted in the first generation of FQ. The antimicrobial spectrum of FQ is broader when compared to quinolones and the tissue penetration of FQ is significantly deeper (1). The main FQ agents are summed up in table 1. FQ owe its antimicrobial effect to inhibition of the enzymes bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV which have essential and distinct roles in DNA replication. The antimicrobial spectrum of FQ include Enterobacteriacae, Haemophilus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Neiserria spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1). And FQ usually have a weak activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
    [Show full text]
  • PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to the TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1
    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names INN which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Product Characteristics
    Revised: March 2021 AN: 01885/2020 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Cepravin Dry Cow 250mg Intramammary suspension 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active Constituent: per syringe Cefalonium 0.250 g (as cefalonium dihydrate) For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Intramammary suspension 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Target species Cattle 4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species Recommended for routine dry cow therapy to treat existing sub-clinical infections and to prevent new infections which occur during the dry period. 4.3 Contraindications Not for use in the lactating cow. Not intended for use within 54 days of calving. 4.4 Special Warnings: No special warnings are considered necessary. 4.5 Special precautions for use i. Special precautions for use in animals Use of the product should be based on susceptibility testing of the bacteria isolated from milk samples from the animal. If this is not possible, therapy should be based on local (regional, farm level) epidemiological information about susceptibility of the target bacteria. Page 1 of 8 Revised: March 2021 AN: 01885/2020 Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to cefalonium and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other beta lactams. Dry cow therapy protocols should take local and national policies on antimicrobial use into consideration, and undergo regular veterinary review. The feeding to calves of milk containing residues of cefalonium that could select for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (e.g. production of beta-lactamases) should be avoided up to the end of the milk withdrawal period, except during the colostral phase.
    [Show full text]