Quick viewing(Text Mode)

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Intracellular Zinc in Insulin Secretion

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Intracellular Zinc in Insulin Secretion

https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society ocnrtosae10 are concentrations atclryhg otn ( content the in high of particularly 2 amount is total body The tissues. human human all in sent rto ntebodi h n the in blood the in tration h uhr 05Frtpbihdoln 4Spebr2015 September 14 online published First 2015 Authors The © Zn ici aypoen eg rncito atr fthe of factors bound tightly (e.g. physi- for cellular zinc role many of structural aspects in the all zinc almost from in Aside role ology. a plays zinc Abbreviations: Re Society Nutrition the of Proceedings * u .Rutter A. Guy ypsu :Mcouret,pyohmcl,gn xrsinadmtblcdisease metabolic and expression phytochemicals, Micronutrients, 2: Symposium 2 orsodn author Corresponding ea eaoimGop iiino ibtsadNtiinlSine,King Sciences, Nutritional and Diabetes of Division Group, Metabolism Metal eakby lot30 amla rtisbind proteins mammalian 3000 almost Remarkably, 2+ fl meilCnr o rnltoa n xeietlMdcn,Ipra olg odn uCn od London Road, Cane Du London, College Imperial Medicine, Experimental and Translational for Centre Imperial cigisiprac o ua health human for importance its ecting fi ions https://www.cambridge.org/core grfml) hs osas ouaeprotein modulate also ions these family), nger 1 nrclua ici nui erto n cin eemnn of determinant a action: and secretion in zinc Intracellular eto fCl ilg n ucinlGnmc,Dvso fDaee,EdciooyadMetabolism, and Endocrinology Diabetes, of Division Genomics, Functional and Biology Cell of Section ( urto oit ctihScinMeighl tRbr odnUiest,Aede n25 on Aberdeen University, Gordon Robert at held Meeting Section Scottish Society Nutrition 3 ) oe1 ftepoem.Consequently, proteome. the of % 10 some , O ncot 2,tp ibts n,zn transporter. zinc ZnT, diabetes; 2 type T2D, knockout; KO, – 1 .A utr mi [email protected] email Rutter, A. G. : ofrneon Conference ,wt acesadbn aiga having bone and pancreas with g, 3 n cino nui omiti lcs oesai n oe ibtsrisk. release diabetes proper lower the and in homeostasis role glucose important maintain an to hence play insulin and to zinc, of likely dietary action are of and homeostasis, levels zinc healthy variability, cellular genetic normal by modulated While signalling. expressing n i)suisdsetn h oeo nrclua ici h oto fguoehomeostasis glucose recent of control (i) the on in focus zinc compartments, we intracellular subcellular of Here, role in vitro diabetes. the in dynamically 2 dissecting concentrations type studies zinc (ii) of and free risk measuring altered in an advances with associated are ZnT8, r seta o uerneo ellrfntosad nteseilsdpancreatic specialised the in and, functions cellular of range huge a for essential are o h trg fislnwti h ertr rnl.Crepnigy eei ainsin variants genetic Correspondingly, granule. secretory the within insulin the of storage the for ainadwoetetet osm prxmtl 0%o elhaebdes Zn budgets. popu- healthcare adult of the % of twelve 10 in zinc approximately one of consume affects treatments levels which whose circulating condition and a Lowered asso- mellitus, lation alopecia. conditions diabetes of and in variety found diarrhoea a also as avoid are to such diet malnutrition the with in essential ciated micronutrient, important an is Zinc ,PuieChabosseau Pauline *, . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 – SLC30A8 0µ 20 and M ai .Hodson J. David al 1 Table Slc30a8 . IPaddress: M nvivo. in ( al 1 Table range ee hc noe h ibtsascae rnl-eietZn granule-resident diabetes-associated the encodes which gene, (2016), .Ttlpam zinc plasma Total ). edsusteefcso nui erto n cino eeigo over- or deleting of action and secretion insulin on effects the discuss We ihyslcieyi h pancreatic the in selectively highly ibts ic nui:Iaig ictasotr8 transporter Zinc Imaging: Insulin: Zinc: Diabetes: ( 170.106.35.234 2 ) ihfe concen- free with ) . ‘ it eerglto n eaoi disease metabolic and regulation gene Diet, 75 ,61 ( 1 ) ici pre- is zinc , – 1 2doi:10.1017/S0029665115003237 72 , on ls .Bellomo A. Elisa , 1 odnS19H UK 9NH, SE1 London noi Solomou Antonia , ibtsrisk? diabetes 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 1 N,UK 0NN, W12 ftezn rnpre (ZnT; transporter zinc the of xotZn export edn nzn o catalysis for zinc on pendent rlo nrclua ici a n te mammals. other and man achieved in is homeostasis zinc con- A the Cellular intracellular toxic. in be of involved consequently to limiting, trol is likely be proteins are will of health concentrations zinc plethora between zinc level, certain high balance a while the a below for over disease: concentrations crucial and zinc is cellular range of limited control tight that ucindynamically function idn fzn orgltr ie npoen means proteins on sites regulatory to zinc of Binding , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at β cl,adterl fzn ninsulin in zinc of role the and -cell, 2 ofagMaret Wolfgang , 1 2+ n igHu Ming and osfo h yoo ointracellular to the from ions ’ olg odn colo Medicine, of School London, College s ( 4 ) ned vr30ezmsaede- are 300 over Indeed, . 2+ transporter ( 1 4 ) SLC30A 2 . ynK Mitchell K. Ryan , – 2+ 6Mrh2015 March 26 β fi -cell, ions sl ytnmembers ten by rstly ’ family ) ( 5 ) which , 1 , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society etscin.I oecl ye,lvl ffe Zn free of levels types, cell some In section). next sal dpe n ssoeo w rb types probe two of one uses and is adopted microscopy Fluorescence usually spa- resolution. of both temporal provide development and which tial the tools required non-invasive has and sensitive signalling cell and ogy different stimulation. environmental types, or to cell response perturbation between in and differ organelles to intracellular likely concen- are these trations However, targets. physiological regulate to ( raei epnet stimuli to response in crease hl oa iclvl nclsaei h m the in are cells in levels zinc total While is,lwmlclrwih opud hc ipa a display which in change compounds massive weight molecular low First, some with zinc However, free stores, higher. intracellular be exceptions from might release of concentrations site the at reso antd oe (p lower magnitude of orders cito atr1 hc essicesdzinc increased metallothioneins the senses as such expression zinc-dependent which of mediates tran- charac- element and responsive factor-1, well concentrations metal A the enzymes. is scription and/or inhibiting target sites zinc and theory terised co-catalytic to in in binding could by function Zinc characterised. modulate structurally been a enpsuae htzn o rninscnrlpro- control transients ion zinc tein that postulated been has n mle hntoese ..frclimin where de ions clearly calcium very for is e.g. role seen signalling a those than smaller and hs ytm civ etn reZn free Fig. resting and achieve later systems (see cytosol these the ( within (1 cytosol zinc the metallothioneins into compartments Soluble these from zinc ntecl yoo nterneo 0 p 600 of range the in cytosol cell the in raelso h xrclua pc.Afrhrfourteen ( importer further zinc A the space. of extracellular members the or organelles rma nrdcdcN n hc idZn bind expressed are which class and usually second cDNA The introduced sensors, cell. an the from zinc into loaded genetically-encoded be can tion ici-ua-elh,Catr4). Chapter zinc-in-human-health/, 62 al 1 Table ri 11 23 32 51 55 58 100 140 http://www.iospress.nl/book/zinc-in-human-health/. Source: Brain Heart Skin Muscle Kidney Liver Bone Pancreas Tissue 1. Table eprudrtnigo h oeo ici elbiol- cell in zinc of role the of understanding deeper A oeo h agt fterlae Zn released the of targets the of None – rti neatos(http://www.iospress.nl/book/ interactions protein https://www.cambridge.org/core ) ( oa ocnrtoso ici aiu ua tissues human various in zinc of concentrations Total 4 ( 12 ) aieie recnetain r many are concentrations free i.e. labile , mgn reZn free Imaging , 13 ) hne nctslczn r slower are zinc cytosolic in changes , fl . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 oecneitniyuo icchela- zinc upon intensity uorescence . IPaddress: 2+ – ( 9 )bfe n translocate and buffer 4) M ) SLC39A nlvn cells living in ,to1n – n fi isewtwih ( weight wet tissue per concentration Zinc M ned 170.106.35.234 nternelikely range the in ) ( 2+ ( M 14 family ) 15 2+ ) M ) . rabove or oevr it Moreover, . concentrations oshss far so has ions – 4 1n .Together, ). , on M ( 6 M 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 ) ( 7 i.1 Fig. 2+ import , μ 8 ( .A Rutter A. G. 2+ g/g) ) range 10 ions , (see ( 11 16 in- ) ) ). ; . ntemdlto ntepoo-nue lcrntrans- electron based are photon-induced phenomenon probes the fer these in here). of modulation Most the described 100-fold. on to up be of tensity in not increase chelation-dependent and a will display are intensity-based probes categories: latter Intensity-based two (the in ratiometric divided be can change the i.e. range dynamic in their and ions metals other belgt h ieyue loi-,oiial based originally Ca FluoZin-3, a widely-used on ZnAF, The ZP10), light. to ible next using ZP1 developed the was (from UV-excitation etc. family to ZinPyr related generation problems resolve UV-excitable a To quinoline, from derived was ea hlt.Pooxiaino the of Photoexcitation chelate. metal a of eae hog lcrntase ihteceaeand chelate the with transfer this electron through relaxed icipre ZP n rnpre ZT families. (ZnT) transporter and (ZiP) importer zinc 1. Fig. hog de a through described of variety A binding. nethe ence af hc ti ue.Teezn esr/rbsdfe accord- differ af sensors/probes their to zinc ing These fused. is it which iscainconstant dissociation tal et , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at fi hmclysnhssd o oeua egtprobes weight molecular low synthesised, Chemically fl iisadectto/msinwvlntshv been have wavelengths excitation/emission and nities oecneitniytigrdb icbinding. zinc by triggered intensity uorescence fl fl . oecneqecigi urse pnmetal upon supressed is quenching uorescence oohr,asae oanada electron-rich an and domain spacer a uorophore, Clu nie ieymmrn oooyadrlso the of roles and topology membrane Likely online) (Colour 2+ ( fl 19 oecneo protein-based of uorescence ) The . probe fi fi e ea-idn rti oant in to domain protein metal-binding ned iyfrzn o estvt,re sensitivity, (or zinc for nity ( 16 ( fi – 21 18 s eeain nldn Zinquin including generation, rst ) ) ipasahg af high a displays , K Brie . d fl ,terslciiyfrzn against zinc for selectivity their ), oecn rbswt varying with probes uorescent fl oohrsectbewt vis- with excitable uorophores fl ‘ ,tepoe r composed are probes the y, turn-on ’ fl oohrs and uorophores, fl fl fl fi oohrsto uorophores oecnein- uorescence oohr is uorophore iyfrzinc for nity fl fl ce ythe by ected uorophore. – ( fl ion 20 u- ) , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society n oeist te nrclua oaiain (e.g. localisations intracellular other lysosomes) and to mitochondria moieties ing em fbihns n htsaiiy aeas been also have photostability, and developed brightness of terms eoac nryTase stesnigmodality acceptor sensing and donor the a as of consist Transfer and Energy Resonance rncitoa euao a1 aeavr ih(p high very a have Zap1, the regulator on transcriptional based sensors, Zap The pyrophosphate a of addition the group with mitochon- dria to e.g. possible however, is, targeting Biological ter a laaeo ctxmty esters acetoxymethyl of cleavage lar le aebe eindb h amrgopbsdon based group Palmer the by designed zinc been have ilies esr orlaeo Zn of co-release measure rle n a aydpnigo h eltype cell the on depending vary can and trolled fetaellrZn extracellular of ( atrZf6,adcnan ihrawl yezinc type wild a either contains transcription and fi mammalian the Zif268, from factor derived is family Zif ikdb icbnigppiesequence peptide zinc-binding a by linked K gr ZfY) ramttd(iC2 domain (ZifCY2) mutated a or (ZifCY1), ngers d eeial-noe icsnosueF use sensors zinc Genetically-encoded oprmnaiaino hs rbsi o edl con- readily not is probes these of Compartmentalisation ‘ click-SnAr-click =15n fi ( gr:Zf n a-esr.Telw( low The Zap-sensors. and Zif- ngers: 25 https://www.cambridge.org/core ) tahett h elsraet lo sampling allow to surface cell the to Attachment . ( M 19 .Tapbevrin ae nteintracellu- the on based versions Trappable ). ) . 2+ i.2. Fig. nmmainclsuiggntclyecddsnos re:ZapCY1/2 Green: sensors. genetically-encoded using cells mammalian in eCALWY-4 ’ . taeywsas sdt d target- add to used also was strategy https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 a lobe civd n sdto used and achieved, been also has 2+ Clu nie esrmn ffe Zn free of Measurement online) (Colour lnsd insulin alongside . IPaddress: ( 7 ( 27 ) elw eZinCh-1 yellow: , ) acaoye cerevisiae Saccharomyces . ( 22 170.106.35.234 fl ) oecn protein uorescent n mrvdin improved and ( 28 ( 26 ) , μ w fam- Two . 27 ( 7 M ) , on ) . )af h lat- The . ( 19 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 , ( ӧ 23 29 icaddaee 63 diabetes and Zinc fi rster , nity , 24 30 M ) ) ) . . 2+ ocnrtosi uclua compartments subcellular in concentrations hnepesdi eacls aC2hsadecreased a has ZapCY2 cells. af HeLa in expressed when (golgi-ZapCY1) oan AO1adW4 once yalong, a by connected WD4) and fl (ATOX1 binding metal cysteine-containing domains two of consist leagues, measurements. u E-CLY4 ER-ZapCY1) (ER-eCALWY-4, lum ifrn raelssc stemtcodi (mito- mitochondria the to addressed as been mito-ZapCY1) such eCALWY-4, have organelles sensors different zinc several sequence, ertn eils(ap-CLY,vamp2-eZinCh1) (vamp2-eCALWYs, vesicles secreting o l rbswe oae ntectsl ..0 i.e. cytosol, the in located when probes 1 all for in presented af euenadcitrine and cerulean aC1soe a showed ZapCY1 nteW4dmi ile eiso esrvariants sensor of cysteines series a binding yielded metal domains af domain the showing binding WD4 of metal the one in the of between mutation and/or length linker the · xbeglycine exible 5n fi fi h CLYsensors eCALWY The aigavnaeo ipefso ihatargeting a with fusion simple of advantage Taking umr o h eut bandwt hs rbsis probes these with obtained results the for summary A , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at iy( nity iyfrzinc for nity M ( 7 , 8 , 28 K , fi 30 1 p 811 = d iis(p nities , 33 i.2 Fig. ) − ( 30 ( eielne and linker serine 30 ) ( i.2 Fig. ) hl iia auswr returned were values similar While . ulu (NLS-Zaps) nucleus The . M M fl K n ssial for suitable is and ) – oecn rtis hreigof Shortening proteins. uorescent d n M ( f2 of 7 ,i iewt eut using results with line in ), ) ) ( fi 7 ( eeoe yMrxadcol- and Merkx by developed 31 ( ) 8 s ebro h family the of member rst . ) , 31 white: , · 5p ) h nolsi reticu- endoplasmic the , M n a saturated was and , ( fl 8 , ne ymodi by anked 23 ) og apparatus Golgi , ( 32 ) n insulin- and ncellulo in fi · ( 1 ed 7 ) – . https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society mito-eCALWY-4 90 hntezn ocnrto a eotdt be to reported was cadavers non-diabetic compared diabetic with of concentration pancreas the in since % zinc known 50 about been by reduced the has aetiology when diabetes in 1930, zinc for role A pathogenic changes and between risk diabetes link levels, mechanisms. the zinc decipher intracellular to in which with tools fi hnra (0 chondria: erae oprdwt elh oto subjects control was healthy zinc with of concentration compared serum decreased the that revealed (T2D) aot1p (about n.Rdsitdvrathv encetdfrZpand Zap for created been in sensors depend- have eCALWY differences steeply variant are involve Red-shifted probes the ent. may which on and pH intracellular unclear are variations diabetes with associated be might status zinc body whole that suggest ml oeua lmns hs nld rb ae on chemical a based fl to probe bound covalently a variant anhydrase include carbonic a These elements. molecular small FluoZin-3 64 oohr rfsdwt red a with fused or uorophore dn soitdwt nrae rnr icloss zinc urinary increased with associated nding h bv icsnosadpoe r hsprecious thus are probes and sensors zinc above The yrdpoe nld ohg both include probes Hybrid https://www.cambridge.org/core ( 38 M , ( 39 11 ( ) 30 ) · tde nptet ihtp diabetes 2 type with patients on Studies . uhmr aito xssfrmito- for exists variation more much , 1p ) n bv n 5 above and M rnpre n8adlclsto fters soitdplmrhcaioai / 325. R/W acid amino polymorphic associated risk the of localisation and ZnT8 transporter i.3. Fig. ( 8 ( 32 ) o mito-ZapCY1 for . n nolsi reticulum endoplasmic and ) icaddiabetes and Zinc https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 , 34 ) . Clu nie ceai ftegnm-ieascainsuis(GWAS)-identi studies association genome-wide the of Schematic online) (Colour ( 37 . IPaddress: ) pdmooia tde also studies Epidemiological . M fl ( 8 oecn protein uorescent ) .Teraosfrthese for reasons The ). ntclyecddand enetically-encoded 170.106.35.234 ( 31 ) n 0 p 300 and , on ( ( 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 38 35 ( 40 ) , 36 . .A Rutter A. G. M , 41 ) . ) for ,a Pancreatic a oesbtas ndaei ains tde on Studies patients. diabetic in ani- in also only but obese not examined models been mal have T2D of symptoms uha oyisaadhg D hlseo levels cholesterol HDL high and symptoms rats polydipsia improves as diabetic supplementation such zinc streptozotocin-induced that on revealed studies recent a lobe bevduo icsplmnain(see supplementation zinc upon 2 patients observed Table T2D been in also phenotype has diabetic the of Amelioration glutamate-cysteine and levels glutathione metallothioneins affecting thus ex- ligase, the of regulates super- that of 3), pression and a 1 (isoforms and dismutase pro-antioxidant, oxide a is zinc Thus, eeldrdcdbd egtfloigtetetwith in treatment concentrations, following zinc weight lower body reduced revealed prpit ytei,soaeadsrcua tblt of stability structural insulin and storage synthesis, appropriate otn aot10 (about content 1adT ibtsadterascae pathologies associated their and diabetes T2 and T1 Zn teutsfsighprlcei n hyperinsulinae- and mia hyperglycaemia fasting attenuates tal et , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at h data icsplmnainmgtipoethe improve might supplementation zinc that idea The dqaelvl fZn of levels Adequate 2+ ( 44 . iciaigt sesbt elmass cell beta assess to imaging Zinc ) en oae ihndnecr nui secretory insulin core dense within located being ob/ob ( ae tde rvddsmlrrsls n also and results, similar provided studies Later . 42 aarvee in reviewed Data . ) u lot rtc gis xdtv tesin stress oxidative against protect to also but β iesoe hthg icsupplementation zinc high that showed mice clshv necpinlyhg oa Zn total high exceptionally an have -cells – 0m 20 2+ M ( ,wt h aoiyof majority the with ), r seta o nyt ensure to only not essential are 47 ) ). db/db fi dzinc ed mice ( 43 ) . ( 45 nvivo in ) Moreover, . ? β -cell ( ( 46 43 2+ ) ) . . https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society ohipie lcs esn ythe by sensing glucose impaired Both rnls( granules foverall of erto uiga nrvnu lcs tolerance glucose intravenous (R325W). an 325 insulin impaired during position with present is at secretion (R325) residue tryptophan carriers arginine a an Risk whereby by mutation results replaced rs13266634 missense at a variant in The the TD2. with of individuals 13 exon within atrpoesivle nacdmtcodilmetabol- mitochondrial ism enhanced involves process latter fec r contested are each of β eet nbt nui ees,adi omn action hormone in and of release, insulin destruction both in defects immune-mediated pancreatic involves insulin-secreting diabetes 1 illn ewe n8atvt n 2 development. T2D and activity Sladek ZnT8 Thus, poten- between a link provided tial have studies association genome-wide atponsi etr ftedisease rele- a the are of and feature diabetes 1 prognostic type vant with individuals in found uigisboytei in biosynthesis its During notecruainuo tmlto yglucose by the stimulation upon within released circulation subsequently the cores is into hormone dense The into granule. secretory crystallisation and tration rs egns hc r hsegrysought. future eagerly of the be in therefore tools thus may imaging ions, as these value che- are clinical binding metal of transition capable on which lates based the probes, zinc of Dual-modal reagents, con- % suitable 1 of (about absence trast the pancreas and the volume) pancreatic within relative positron total the islets and to of due resonance paucity challenging are magnetic tomography as emission such approaches in granules glucose). blood of measure time-averaged (a A haemoglobin Glycosylated HbA1c, (ZnSO sulphate Zinc h ictasotrfml (see family expressed exclusively the almost transporter in and highly is zinc Introduction) the aiiae h moto yooi Zn cytosolic of import the facilitates xciepnra n nohrtissues other in and pancreas exocrine icguoae20mg/d 240 gluconate Zinc gda Zn as aged icslht (ZnSO sulphate Zinc (ZnSO sulphate Zinc iccmon etdDs hsooia effects Physiological Dose (ZnSO sulphate Zinc tested compound Zinc cl ucini 2,tog h eaiecontributions relative the though T2D, in function -cell fl n8(noe ythe by (encoded ZnT8 ux ( 57 ictasotr8i nui erto n ye2 type and secretion insulin in 8 transporter Zinc ) ( 59 lsr fAPsniieK ATP-sensitive of closure , https://www.cambridge.org/core β ) and - ( 48 n rnl uina h lsamembrane plasma the at fusion granule and i.3 Fig. ) β 2+ icin r eaieyls bnati the in abundant less relatively are ions Zinc . cl mass -cell codntdhexamers -coordinated α tal. et clso h norn aces hr it where pancreas, endocrine the of -cells ) ( 4 4 4 4 61 6 mg/d 660 mg/d 30 mg/d 22 mg/d 30 ) ) ) ) ) ( uonioist n8hv been have ZnT8 to Autoantibodies . 63 . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 ) ( ibtsrisk diabetes 52 on hta N,rs13266634, SNP, an that found SLC30A8 ( ) al 2. Table 53 r novdi h eln in decline the in involved are , ) SLC30A8 β Classical . clsislni ntal pack- initially is insulin -cells β . IPaddress: cls 2 sal involves usually T2D -cells, icsplmnainsuisi ye2daei ains(modi patients diabetic 2 Type in studies supplementation Zinc eewserce in enriched was gene ( 55 + ee,amme of member a gene), 170.106.35.234 β ) ( 49 channels -cell eoeisconcen- its before 2+ ( nvivo in 62 ) lhuhtype Although . ) i.1 Fig. Importantly, . nosecretory into ( 51 ( 54 ) n loss a and , ) . , on ( 58 ( imaging 56 ) 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 ,Ca ) The . icaddaee 65 diabetes and Zinc and – – – ( ( 50 60 – – 2wesRdcdsrmHomocysteine serum Reduced HbA1 in Decrease HbA1 in Decrease weeks 12 weeks 16 weeks 12 2+ ) ) 2wesN bene No weeks 12 6 . . – ek obene No weeks 8 i eg atn lo lcs,guoetolerance glucose glucose, blood associated fasting is etc.) homeosta- (e.g. SNP glucose of these parameters sis of certain con in possession changes with are not or there have developing whether of However, risk rs13266634, increased an T2D. with with associated been disequilibrium also linkage strong assessment-B β i erto n rcsig orSPlctdi h 3 the in of located region SNP Four untranslated processing. and secretion lin otgnm-ieascainsuisidenti Unlike studies association challenging. genome-wide proved most has inheritance rs13266634 (see activity risk. ZnT8 disease lower com- increase to the to likely of later), is action which the variant, given mon unexpected was result This lmnaint oe 2 ikaedpneton dependent are risk T2D lower SLC30A8 to plementation hti soitdwt 5%dces nTDrisk T2D in decrease % 65 protein a truncated with a associated of production is loss-of-function the that rare in twelve resulting SNP, reported have populations nrclua Zn intracellular 4. Fig. ol eipce by: impacted be could test ucinrltosis swl steefcso SNP of effects the as structure well and elucidated as the be to relationships, of yet function structure is ( ZnT8 tertiary of function the structure its potentially and sequence protein and of primary (exon) the ZnT8 region affects of therefore, coding and, a genome in the located is rs13266634 date, nrclua trs()o h xrclua eim()o by or from (2) ions medium zinc extracellular of the respectively, Zn or of uptake, buffering the (1) modulating and stores release intracellular the on cl ucin(sasse hog oesai model Homeostatic through assessed (as function -cell rvdn ikbtenicesdTDrs and risk T2D increased between link a Providing , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at ( 64 ( 64 ) – 68 Clu nie osbestso nui cinon action insulin of sites Possible online) (Colour nrae risln nui ratio insulin proinsulin: increased ) neetnl,teefcso itr icsup- zinc dietary of effects the Interestingly, . genotype 2+ ( 66 oesai.Itaellrfe icconcentration zinc free Intracellular homeostasis. ) ugsieo maret nbt insu- both in impairments of suggestive , ( – 69 cino ictasotr(i n ZnT) and (Zip transporter zinc on action ) fi oercn tde nhuman in studies recent More . dfrom ed SLC30A8 2+ i.3 Fig. ymtlohoen (3) metallothioneins by nrae oaeadvtmnB vitamin and Increased eraei hlseo/D ratio cholesterol/HDL in Decrease cholesterol total in Decrease ( 47 ) ) .Hwvr h crystal the However, ). fl w fwihaein are which of two , cigrprsa to as reports icting fi fi ileffects cial ileffects cial ( 65 c c ) fi levels levels dSPto SNP ed ( n lower and 41 ) . ( 70 12 ) ′ – - . https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society ‘ os oe hw aitosi eti phenotypic certain in variations (see shows traits model mouse hc eie h ost h ot ftecanlt fa- to channel the of mouth Zn the to cilitate ions the deliver which aeo -etd rponui,ti ehns could mechanism this proinsulin, or C-peptide of take fteislnrcpo.A Zn As insulin receptor. hepatic insulin of the rate internalisation of clathrin-dependent the by regulating mediated clearance in granules from lgtyicesdi sesioae rmZT null ZnT8 Tamaki appar- controls, from results, these for contradictory isolated with explanation or ently elegant islets compared an unchanged Providing in mice. mice was increased release null slightly insulin ZnT8 glucose-stimulated in signi ered were levels insulin circulating Although hypothalamus the in recombination some with rnlslcigadnecr fcytlie nui,but insulin, crystallised of core either containing dense secretory a insulin of lacking proportion granules large electron granule a insulin Using with in morphology, seen deletion. were changes ZnT8 marked in microscopy, upon improvements tolerance reported investigators glucose between no sex-differences and colonies, dis- de- age the models subtle ZnT8 with upon animal albeit tolerance housing letion, of glucose in and majority impairments strategy played the deletion While background, conditions. genetic in lbland global icutk studies uptake zinc eosrtdarl o Zn for role a demonstrated esatv Zn active less idritr n nr-oeua neatos o ex- for interactions, unidenti presently intra-molecular may with chain ample and R-side the inter- of charge hinder positive the that ceivable htR2Wsbttto ol aea feto ZnT8 on point effect chains an Zn unlikely or have W-side is dimerisation would it substitution and itself, R325W interface R- that dimerization homodi- the both from in as away involved but regions within merisation, molecule ZnT8 the ue nmlmdl abuigete lblZT de- ZnT8 global either letion harbouring pro- models have animal own our duced including groups several homeostasis, β ology ou iP hc nysae 51 shares homo- only bacterial which the on YiiP, modelled logue been have these, upon rec not NR, tolerance; glucose impaired IGT, secretion; insulin (mixed) glucose-stimulated *Pound GSIS, recombinase; Cre results). 2-driven (unpublished promoter insulin rat RIP2Cre, lblEo ie eue lee RN hneN hneN Lemaire (mixed) Pound Wijesekara change No Mitchell Nicolson Tamaki (BL6) NR Pound change No IGT change IGT NR No IGT IGT change No IGT change Reduced No change No change change No No change NR No Increased change NR No Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced NR change No Altered Altered Altered Reduced Altered NR Reduced Altered Reduced change Reduced No NR Reduced Reduced Reduced C57Bl6 Mixed C57BL6 Mixed 1 1 Exon Exon C57BL6 Mixed 5 Exon 1 Exon Mixed (Ins1Cre) B-cell 3 Exon Exon1 (RIPCre) B-cell 3 Exon (RIP2Cre) B-cell Global Global Global Global (Cre) Deletion 66 o like rod -cells. ofrhreuiaeterl fZT nglucose in ZnT8 of role the elucidate further To https://www.cambridge.org/core ( ( 71 72 ) , 75 ’ oiin35i oae oad the towards located is 325 Position . tutrs se Zn Islet structures. – al 3 Table 77 2+ ( 76 ) ) on (BL6) Pound , β rnpr.Poiigeiec o hsare this for evidence Providing transport. 2+ rdlto etitdt the to restricted deletion or cl speci -cell strategy Deletion rnpre hntennrs 35in W325 non-risk the than transporter ‘ ) empty ( . 2+ 81 ( https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 72 ) hc r trbtdt differences to attributed are which , binding , 74 ( 109 ) ’ hc hwdta 35i a is R325 that showed which , ) background Genetic rnlso rnlspossessing granules or granules fi Nicolson , . IPaddress: n8nl animals null ZnT8 c 2+ 2+ ( 72 fi 2+ a lodcesdi both in decreased also was , dZn ed 73 oscee ihinsulin with co-secreted ( ) 72 osntafc h up- the affect not does ti oehls con- nonetheless is It . ) Lemaire , 170.106.35.234 · eunehom- sequence % 8 al 3. Table 2+ content Zinc tal et bnigproteins -binding ( 75 ) . Wijesekara , lcmcpeopeo n8nl os lines mouse null ZnT8 of phenotpye Glycemic fi ( 79 , on β atylow- cantly ) -cell ( 80 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 structure Granule recently ) ‘ tip Each . ( ( .A Rutter A. G. 72 78 ’ ( , , 78 78 79 ) of Tamaki , ) ) . , nvivo in GSIS ( 79 oe lososrdcdlbrto fZn of liberation reduced shows also model rnl iccnetain setmtdb h ees of exocytosis release the during by zinc estimated as concentrations zinc granule n eue yooi Zn morphology cytosolic granule reduced insulin abnormal and glu- tolerance, impaired in cose results deletion ZnT8 Ins1Cre-mediated e ie hc rdcsn eetbercmiainin hypothalamus recombination detectable no the produces which line, highly-speciver a using ZnT8 deleted we ZnT8 in for reduced mouse was (KO) knockout probe, global eCALWY4 the the with measured as W2)o ua n8i xrse eetvl nthe in selectively promoter expressed variant responsive protective is the ZnT8 β which human in of line (W325) mouse a generated recently have we Furthermore, tolerance. glucose impair to ses uprigteve fTamaki Zn of view the supporting islets, fet fahg-a itldt ayn eut between results varying to β led diet and high-fat global a of effects ope oefrti rnpre nterglto of regulation the in transporter this zinc for role complex nui n h nrae rislnislnrtose in seen carriers ratio circulating allele proinsulin:insulin risk both increased the in and impairments insulin the explain potentially ooecm hsise swl sohrise ihCre with rat-insulin issues other minigene as and hormone growth well human models. a as express that mouse strains issue, global these this of overcome some To explain both in observed may phenotype models the in mouse ZnT8 promoter2Cre-driven deletion neurons Therefore, promoter-expressing ectopic centres. appetite rat-insulin hypothalamic within in residing levels able ae rmteeaias hsi ieyisedt be to instead likely is This animals. these to due from iso- be islets lated in to reduced was appear which secretion, the not insulin enhanced However, did expected. tolerance as glucose improved controls, littermate type wild signi β n usqetydslydhge eeso insulin of levels gain higher weight increased displayed resistance in subsequently resulted ZnT8 in- and glo- of whereas glucose deletion controls were bal littermate and with compared secretion tolerant impaired displayed but ) Mitchell , tal et cl rvnb nislnpooe-otoldtetracycline promoter-controlled insulin an by driven -cell -cell-speci cl speci -cell , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at xoigZT ulaiast h diabetogenic the to animals null ZnT8 Exposing oal,ZT sas xrse tlwbtdetect- but low at expressed also is ZnT8 Notably, 2+ fi fl . ntelvrmylmttelvl fbovial insulin bioavailable of levels the limit may liver the on atyipoe lcs oeac oprdwith compared tolerance glucose improved cantly xsta a rvosybe appreciated. been previously has than uxes ( 86 ) . ( nvitro in GSIS 83 fi β fi ) n8nl ie nrae n8expression ZnT8 increased mice, null ZnT8 c cl speci -cell . ulmc ipae iia bodyweights similar displayed mice null c ( 82 ( 85 ) ( 87 neetnl,ctslcfe Zn free cytosolic Interestingly, . sensitivity Insulin ) fi .Con ) ( os oes ihftdiet-fed High-fat models. mouse c 26 ncnrs obt lbland global both to contrast In . ) These . 2+ fi mn rvosresults, previous rming concentrations oeac Reference* tolerance Glucose fi dnsipyamore a imply ndings fi c tal. et β cl n1r dri- Ins1Cre -cell 2+ ( htefcsof effects that 77 rmisolated from orded ) alongside , ( 86 ) .This ( 84 2+ ) , , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society n iscae sesadb eeepeso analysis expression was gene population by cells a and these on islets in dissociated and expression Its con in pancreata. present human also is in ZnT8 expression to addition In in ZnT8 T2D. therapeutically-targeting of in treatment the promise some be ig hs nteprue a aces h icchelator zinc the with pancreas, signal- rat paracrine islet, perfused Ca of the mediator the in a Thus, as within ling. acting of concentrations potential local the high reach ietli anann lcs oesai.Gvnthe pro Given expression homeostasis. det- are glucose highly-restricted mice maintaining in ZnT8 in inherit- of rimental deletion both and that rs13266634 suggest of ance would data these Collectively, aeo h o yclimcanl n nalteration an and channels calcium by state redox ion in the of take uto fguao erto ne tmltr condi- stimulatory under re- mice a secretion tions KO to glucagon in lead of did higher zinc duction not exogenous se- However, was glucagon controls. and islets than mice isolated null from ZnT8 cretion global in normal were oee,i h atrseis hsefc fzn could zinc of effect K to this attributed species, be latter not the in However, yuae rguoeidcdguao erto from secretion glucagon rat isolated glucose-induced or pyruvate- isdfeecsadsgetn hti i seszinc islets glucagonoma-derived in pig α ro- ZnT8 and of in Knockdown human islets. from that dent differently regulated suggesting is and homeostasis differences cies hs el eirclyldt eue lcgncontent secretion glucagon glucagon lower in reduced % variants to %. 50 70 W325 led and or reciprocally by R325 cells secretion ZnT8 these the glucagon of regulated Overexpression decreased and ance neighbouring on effects nieydpee nteK ie hs aasuggest glucose. high data at these secretion glucagon mice, of inhibition from KO secreted the zinc that in depleted entirely nui erto hog nautocrine/paracrine an through secretion loop insulin etems ihyepesdmme fteZTfamily ZnT the of member the expressed in highly most the be eodr oeeain nscee Zn secreted in elevations to secondary niioyefc fZn of effect inhibitory rtgge naetwihnral csa ninhibitor an as release acts glucagon normally of which se- agent a an as cretagogue, monoethyl-succinate substrate mitochondrial the tivity n8i 2 ik(see risk T2D in ZnT8 con provided have K xlsvl xrse nthe in expressed exclusively TC1 ATP sarsl fisc-erto ihisln iccan zinc insulin, with co-secretion its of result a As eoewd soito tde n nmldata animal and studies association Genome-wide 2+ oefrzn rnpre nguao secretion? glucagon in 8 transporter zinc for role A fi ( ( ( mdb muoyohmsr npnrai slices pancreatic in immunocytochemistry by rmed 86 ET e oasiuaino erto hnusing when secretion of stimulation a to led -EDTA 79 ( 94 · 92 fl hnesadasbeun eraei lcrclac- electrical in decrease subsequent a and channels el eutdi nices fguao mRNA, glucagon of increase an in resulted cells 9 , https://www.cambridge.org/core ) α 88 ) ) oecneatvtdcl otn puri sorting cell uorescence-activated sytt einvestigated. be to yet is , suigta rnlrzn a almost was zinc granular that Assuming . cl.I h ocn aces oee,ZT is ZnT8 however, pancreas, porcine the In -cell. ieie tde ntemuedmntae an demonstrated mouse the in studies Likewise, . ) hte h nacdZn enhanced the Whether . ( 72 α ) ( iial othe to Similarly . clstruhtervril ciainof activation reversible the through -cells 93 ) fnt,fsigpam lcgnlevels glucagon plasma fasting note, Of . ( fl 91 . cigrprsrgrigterl of role the regarding reports icting ) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 orsodnl,zn diminished zinc Correspondingly, . ATP α β cls ro eai nui clear- insulin hepatic on or -cells, ( clsi o epnil o the for responsible not is -cells 2+ 82 α cls tlati os and mouse in least at -cells, ) hne ciainbtt up- to but activation channel β . IPaddress: β nguao secretion glucagon on o ealddiscussion). detailed a for cls hr seiec that evidence is there -cells, -cell fi β eo n8 hr may there ZnT8, of le cl,ZT per to appears ZnT8 -cell, ( 89 ( 90 ) 2+ 170.106.35.234 ) mligcerspe- clear implying 2+ . erto a any has secretion cigt inhibit to acting , fi dmouse ed , on 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 icaddaee 67 diabetes and Zinc ( 93 ) . to,adatvto fpopaiy inositol phosphatidyl of activation prolifer- cellular and 3 and activation by ation, extracellularly- Raf kinases1/2 to and leading Ras regulated complex SOS/Grb2/SHC serine/threonine the the ( pathways of different which vation proteins main signalling two substrates, other trigger receptor to activate pro- and insulin bind scaffolding the subsequently several including phosphorylates teins, then receptor etyosre oefc fZT eeinslcieyin selectively deletion ZnT8 of α effect no observed cently oia aot60p 600 (about logical h atri osqec fpopaiy inositol phosphatidyl of consequence a is 3 latter the in ZnT8 for hypogly- roles the cell-autonomous to implying responses islets, lated enhanced that studies displayed caemia recent more mice these KO in observed we However, ed oehne nrni rti yoiekns activ- the tyrosine of protein ity intrinsic enhanced to the leads to binding Insulin xmnto filt rmteemc sncsayas level. necessary cell is single the mice at these changes investigating from as well islets of examination hshts Badarcn td a lcdtdthe elucidated has study tyrosine recent protein a is zinc and of 1B effects phosphatase insulin-mimetic the of to yzn fpoentrsn hshts 1B kinase phosphatase protein tyrosine protein of inhib- the of also on zinc dependent possibly but by is ition former receptor, the While insulin phosphorylation B. adipo- only the rat not and induced of 3T3-L1 treatment using zinc studies cytes: several in B kinase ntepeec rasneo nui nseea muscle skeletal in insulin of absence phosphorylation or cells presence tyrosine the substrates-1 in receptor insulin bevdta ramn frtaioye ihhigh lipogen- of with rate increased adipocytes an rat to esis led of concentrations treatment zinc that observed ytei,lpgnssadohrpoess(Fig. processes activates glycogen other S6 transport, and and ribosomal glucose lipogenesis B p70 stimulate synthesis, latter as kinase The such kinase. kinases protein protein with downstream together mem- plasma brane the to kinase-1 phoshoinositide-dependent per ob erddi epnet zinc to response in degraded phos- be to of appears regulation negative 3 inositol the phatidyl for responsible is logue netgtdi eal n td okdbrie looked study One the detail. in in function investigated its therein), the ences in ZnT8 of nmlil yoieresidues tyrosine multiple on o the for ne nfsigpam lcgnlvl rglucose or mice levels control glucagon with plasma compared fasting homeostasis in ences α ′ ′ clso lcs oesai rfsigglucagon fasting or homeostasis glucose on -cells -cell-speci kns inhibition -kinase -kinase nln ihorearlier our with line In smninderir n ftems tde targets studied most the of one earlier, mentioned As lhuhteehv enetniesuiso h role the on studies extensive been have there Although nato fzn nislntre isewsdescribed was tissue insulin-target on zinc of action An , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at ( α 98 ( 99 -cell. ) ) tteclua ee,zn a on oincrease to found was zinc level, cellular the At . oevr icwsal oatvt protein activate to able was zinc Moreover, . nvivo in fi ( s ieb oltnadDnoa hnthey when Dandona, and Coulston by time rst 97 β fi ) sbntadpopoyaino h receptor the of phosphorylation and -subunit h atrtigr h rnlcto of translocation the triggers latter The . n8K n i o eetaydiffer- any detect not did and KO ZnT8 c n nrae lcgnsceinfo iso- from secretion glucagon increased and β icadislnaction insulin and Zinc cl sepeeigscinadrefer- and section preceding (see -cell ′ kns poenkns ciiyand activity B kinase /protein -kinase ( 101 M concentrations ) ) hshts n esnhomo- tensin and Phosphatase . α sbnto h nui receptor insulin the of -subunit fi ndings ( 96 ) h ciae insulin activated The . ( 78 α ) ehv oere- more have we , cl a o been not has -cell ( 103 i.5 Fig. ) . ( 102 ( 78 ) ) :teacti- the ): tphysio- at Further . fl 5 yatan ). ( 100 ( 95 ) ) , . https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society ylwrn h hshrlto fgyoe synthase glycogen of phosphorylation kinase-3 the tran- synthesis the lowering glycogen induces of by and exclusion FOXO1, nuclear factor in- scription triggering mimics by also Zinc action intracellular receptor. sulin insulin signalling in the insulin enhance of increase to downstream predicted an be can targets, signal zinc two these through sdsusderir icmyas nii insulin inhibit also may zinc earlier, discussed As n niiincntn slwa n 5 as low as constant appar- inhibition an with 1B ent phosphatase tyrosine protein inhibits atr hc ieislnat hog eetrtyrosine receptor a through growth kinase acts epidermal insulin of like actions suggested which the factor, in been involved compart- has be this may it from ment release earlier) importer-7-mediated zinc (see that contested is ticulum opoentrsn hshts 1B phosphatase binding tyrosine zinc protein of mechanisms to the and constant inhibition epnil r o nieyudrto ( Zn of understood concentration free entirely the not are responsible ye hwdta nui ed oa nraei intracel- in increase zinc an to Although leads lular insulin T2D. metal that of the showed of pathogenesis lyses impact the the part, in in ion least at explain, also may xrsinadislnsiuae lcgnsynthesis protein glycogen GLUT4 insulin-stimulated in and reduction expression a displayed cells muscle etal 68 h feto ico nui inligdsrbdabove described signalling insulin on zinc of effect The https://www.cambridge.org/core ( 9 ) oevr baino icipre- nskel- in importer-7 zinc of ablation Moreover, . ( 105 i.5. Fig. iae R,islnrcpo usrt;P-K hshtdlnstl3 phosphatidylinositol P1-3K, substrate; protein mitogen-activated receptor MAP, insulin kinase; MAP/ERK IRS, MEK, kinase; Son-of-sevenless; SOS, Src-homology-2-containing; SHC, ooou;PK hshioiiedpnetkns;aK,ayia rti iaeC S,gyoe synthase glycogen 4. GSK, member C; family transporter kinase glucose protein GLUT4, inhibitor-1; atypical phosphatase aPKC, protein PPI, kinase; kinase; phosphoinositide-dependent PDK, homologue; ( 41 ) . ) h xc hsooia mechanisms physiological exact the , Clu nie osbestso cino Zn of action of sites Possible online) (Colour . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 . IPaddress: 2+ ihnteedpamcre- endoplasmic the within 170.106.35.234 ( 100 , 104 i.2 Fig. M yacting By . ) nvitro in icalso Zinc . , on 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 .While ). .A Rutter A. G. ( ana- 106 2+ ) . nislnsgaln.PBB rti yoiepopaae1B; phosphatase tyrosine protein PTB1B, signalling. insulin on ospotteatoso h omn ntre tissues insulin. target on of hormone Zn the that actions of suggest actions and role and under-appreciated the an support play release to ions these the that evidence indicate compelling the to provide in tools on new zinc these imaging insights Importantly new of unexpected of human provided role creation the have from to modalities, models stretching mouse through advances, Recent fato fZn of action of i.5 Fig. ei aswt icicesdsprxd imts ac- dismutase superoxide increased zinc tivity with rats dia- betic supplementing and Interestingly, ligase synthesis. glutamate-cysteine metallothio- stimulate glutathione to of (iii) expression and superoxide the neins of enhance cofactor to a (ii) as (i) dismutase, serving insulin, of actions motn xr-aditaclua inligspecies. signalling intra-cellular and extra- important laac ytelvr edn oeeae circulating elevated to leading hormone the liver, of levels the by clearance on nzn rae ibtcrats diabetic also treated was zinc concentration, in glutathione in found increase an with tal et , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at ial,zn a locnrbt oteanti-oxidant the to contribute also may zinc Finally, . ( 107 . ) erae ii eoiain concomitant peroxidation, lipid Decreased . ’ iae TN hshts n tensin and phosphatase PTEN, kinase; 2+ nislnsgaln r hw in shown are signalling insulin on 2+ ( 79 Conclusions hudb osdrda ohan both as considered be should ) . ( 108 ) oeta sites Potential . https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society niiulscin ee .A . Abstract, R., A. G. and were: Zn writing C., P. the Conclusions; sections Introduction, coordinated and individual designed the R. assembled A. G. None. arneFlosi 1/043)adW .the R.D. for M. UK (BB/K001442/1). W. Diabetes grant Council project Research thanks for and Sciences H. Biological (12/0004431) and J. Biotechnology Fellowship are D. companies R.). Lawrence which A. EFPIA (G. of and 2013) resources agreement Union (IMIDIA), grant of composed under 155005 Undertaking No. Medicines Innovative Joint the from Initiative support publica- received Wolfson this has to Society leading tion Senior work Royal The Trust Award. a Merit Wellcome Research and a (MR/J0003042/1) by Programme Grant MRC supported (WT098424AIA), was Award Investigator R. A. G. Stasiuk Graeme and discussion. useful London), for (Queen Hull) of of Watkinson (University Michael University College), Mary, Nicolas (Imperial (AstraZeneca), Hogstrand Long Chimienti Christer Fabrice University), University), Hopkins (King Dax (Johns University), (Eindhoven Fu Merkx Maarten thank We .K . .J . .S n .H,ZnT8. H., M. Introduction; and S. M., A. H., J. W. D. M., action; K. R. insulin and Introduction fZT nteguoehmotssaddaee ikin risk resolved diabetes be and to homeostasis remain glucose man, the in role ZnT8 the of including controversies, important Nonetheless, .Mgeo R uahna M&RyW r(97 The (1987) Jr WJ Ray & JM Puvathingal GR, Magneson 2. .Aden ,BniL,BriiIF Bertini LF, Banci C, Andreini 3. .MrtW(03 icbohmsr:fo igezn en- zinc single a from biochemistry: Zinc (2013) W Maret 4. .Paa S(03 icvr fhmnzn de zinc human of Discovery (2013) AS Prasad 1. ocnrtoso reMg free of concentrations yet e lmn flife. of element key a to zyme t mato ua elhaddisease. and health human on 176 impact its lo plasma. blood icpoen noe ntehmngenome. human the Res in encoded zinc-proteins ’ ’ olg odn,McalWelr(Toronto Wheeler Michael London), College s https://www.cambridge.org/core eet rmwr rgam (FP7/2007 Programme Framework Seventh s – 5 190. 196 , – fi 201. fi aca otiuinfo h European the from contribution nancial a aucit he otiuost the to contributors Chief manuscript. nal ilChem Biol J Con Acknowledgements iaca Support Financial . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 fl Authorship References cso Interest of icts ( 82 . IPaddress: 2+ 262 ) . d Nutr Adv ’ 11140 , n reZn free and tal et nkn contribution kind in 2+ 170.106.35.234 20)Cutn the Counting (2006) . mgn;E .B., A. E. imaging; – 11148. 4 ,82 2+ d Nutr Adv – 91. Proteome J , on nequine in fi 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 ciency: icaddaee 69 diabetes and Zinc 4 – , 9 atrK,YugA amrA 21)Fluorescent (2014) AE Palmer & AM Young KP, Carter 19. 8 eSlaA,MoyT rgtG 20)Fluorescent (2009) GD Wright & TS Moody AP, Silva de 18. 7 eSlaA,FxD,MoyTS Moody DB, Fox AP, Silva de 17. ions metal Visualizing (2012) AE Palmer & Y Qin KM, Dean 16. 5 at H&AdesG 20)Udrtnigthe Understanding (2007) GK Andrews & JH Laity 15. GA Rutter HY, Chae P, Gilon 14. 3 aaaiS aaaSgw ,Hsgw A Hasegawa K, Sakata-Sogawa S, Yamasaki 13. 2 aa ,Rn as 21)Zn inl nneutro- in signals Zinc (2013) H Haase & L Rink R, Hasan 12. 1 iY&MrtW(09 Transient (2009) W Maret & Y Li 11. 2 se Y(91 o-irpietcnqefrloading for technique non-disruptive A (1981) RY Tsien 22. WJ Qian ZL, Zhou KR, Gee 21. 3 i ,MrnaJ,Sodr CI Stoddard JG, Miranda Y, Qin 23. 4 hmsnK okr ooi W(02 Predicting (2012) RW Horobin & P Dockery K, Thompson 24. 0 rzlA a ae 20)Tezinc/thiolate The (2007) W Maret & Q Hao A, Krezel 10. 0 aesiP,Fre J&BtsW 19)Creainof Correlation (1993) WH Betts & IJ Forbes PD, Zalewski 20. .Vnebr L iosnT,BlooEA Bellomo TJ, Nicolson JL, Vinkenborg 7. .JogJ&Ed J(03 h L3 aiyo ictrans- zinc of family SLC39 The (2013) DJ Eide & J Jeong 6. .Tyo M icxS ihlo RI Nicholson S, Hiscox KM, Taylor 9. .HagL&TpaonehS(03 h L3 aiyof family SLC30 The (2013) S Tepaamorndech & L Huang 5. .Caosa ,Tna ,Mu G Meur E, Tuncay P, Chabosseau 8. , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at esr o esrn ea osi iigsystems. living in ions metal Rev measuring for sensors E poonue lcrntase)snosa potent as sensors transfer) tools. electron analytical (photoinduced PET 19 molecular of ment probes. and approaches, techniques, analytical of overview an cells: in ehnsso icsnigb ea-epneelement (MTF-1). metal-response factor-1 Biophys by transcription zinc-sensing binding of mechanisms diabetes. 2 Type in Calcium and health Cell in beta-cells pancreatic in ing ici oe nrclua eodmessenger. second intracellular 177 novel a is Zinc hlgauoye r eurdfrtefraino neutro- of formation traps. the extracellular for phil required are granulocytes phil proliferation. 2470. cell in ions zinc lular eeial noe RTsnost oio intracellular monitor Zn to sensors FRET encoded Genetically acu ufr n niaosit cells. into indicators and buffers calcium using beta-cells 776 pancreatic from anew secretion zinc of imaging porters. Biophys aio fagntclyecddsno n ml mole- small and quanti for sensor Zn(2+). implications encoded indicator: genetically cule a of parison 527 h aeof probes. imaging case calcium artifacts The ester acetoxymethyl compartmentalization from subcellular arising avoiding and J Biochem The ictasotr eiwo urn nesadn of understanding current roles. of Med pathophysiological review and biological a their - transporters zinc ihlvl ffe Zn reveal free probes of levels eCALWY high ER-targeted and Mitochondrial eo iceityo ealtini n h oto of control the ion and metallothionein zinc of biochemistry redox by pathways ZIP7. channel signaling zinc zinc of cytosolic phosphorylation triggers CK2 kinase ctcai] e speci new a acid], [(2-methyl-8-p-toluenesulphonamido-6-quinolyloxy)acetic zin- using quin Zn(II) labile intracellular in change with apoptosis ,29 2+ 637 , – – 114 528. 778. 34 homeostasis. – 34. fl 548 , ici ipy Acta Biophys Biochim 4564 , o set Med Aspects Mol – C hmBiol Chem ACS 463 463 oecn icindicator. zinc uorescent 645. fl cutosi elsignaling. cell in uctuations 201 , 188 , – 56 560. – fl 4601. o3A n eea con fthe of account general a and AM uo-3 296 340 , h Analyst The – – 210. 200. ,403 a Methods Nat fl oecn switches. uorescent – 2+ 361. . – naeImmun Innate C hmBiol Chem ACS 408. 8 fi 2366 , 34 c fl 612 , 134 1823 oecn rb o Zn(II). for probe uorescent tal et tal et – 6 2385 , tal et 2371. 737 , – ,1406 tal et x elRes Cell Exp 21)Climsignal- Calcium (2014) . fl 619. 20)Dtcinand Detection (2002) . JAmChemSoc cutoso intracel- of uctuations 20)Tedevelop- The (2001) . tal et 21)Drc com- Direct (2013) . 19 fi – – c Signal Sci aino cytosolic of cation – 740. 2393. rnsBiotechnol Trends 253 , 1415. 9 21)Protein (2012) . 2111 , rhBiochem Arch rhBiochem Arch tal et tal et – Nature o Aspects Mol tal et 264. elBiol Cell J 315 – (2014) . 2120. 5 (2009) . (2007) . 2463 , ra11. , Chem 124 290 – , , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 7 ct A&Fse M(98 h nui n h zinc the and Insulin The (1938) AM Fisher & DA Scott 37. 1 asnJ oekazE vrekS Overbeck E, Rosenkranz J, Jansen 41. Effect (1993) DA Raines & N Hannan A, el-Yazigi 38. 6 us K agD hmsnRB Thompson D, Wang TK, Hurst 36. 0 i ,DtmrP,Pr JG Park PJ, Dittmer Y, Qin 30. 0 aaiM abM Nazi M, in Saeb Hypozincemia M, Basaki (1994) RK 40. Goyal & R Gupta VK, Garg 39. 3 rzK,d lviaA arioD (2015) DN Marreiro & AR Oliveira de KJ, Cruz 43. assem- modulate interactions Zinc-ligand (2005) MF Dunn 42. 9 ite J iad G osiJA Gorski JG, Miranda PJ, Dittmer 29. 8 esl M&MrxM(05 Genetically-encoded (2015) M Merkx & AM Hessels 28. 7 acoiJ osnD,Kb K Kobe DJ, Hodson J, Pancholi 27. EA Bellomo S, Chen D, Li 26. 4 idnugL,HsesA,Ebrn EH Ebberink AM, Hessels LH, Lindenburg 34. 5 oy A hmsnR,Sodr AK Stoddard RB, Thompson RA, Bozym 35. 5 ha ,ZagD,LpadSJ Lippard DY, Zhang W, Chyan 25. 3 elm A erG&Rte A(01 lcs regu- Glucose (2011) GA Rutter & G Meur EA, Bellomo 33. Y Qin AL, Weaver JG, Miranda 32. DF Galati Y, Qin JG, Park 31. 70 otn fnra n ibtcpancreas. diabetic and normal of content taysaeaddnmcedpamcrtclmand reticulum endoplasmic Zn dynamic Golgi and steady-state ino ansu n ici patients. in zinc excre- and urinary the magnesium on of disorders related tion and state diabetic of ichmotssi ibtcptet by patients diabetic in homeostasis zinc 725 nyrs Ibsdmtlinsnig dacsadnew and advances sensing: ion perspectives. metal II-based anhydrase eeial noe esr oeuiaesaildistribu- spatial zinc. cellular elucidate of to tion sensors encoded Genetically ibtsmellitus. diabetes n hoimcnetain nyugptet ihtp 2 type mellitus. with patients diabetes young in concentrations chromium and 67 nixdn oeo ici ibtsmellitus. diabetes in zinc of hexamer role insulin Antioxidant the of stability and bly zinc. 23 of activity insulinomimetic of analysis C hmBiol Chem ACS Biometals C1 el sn ratiometric a in using zinc cells exchangeable intracellular PC-12 picomolar Measuring RTbsdsnosfrmntrn n2)i living in Zn(2+) monitoring for cells. sensors FRET-based agtdpoe o ic iest-retdmodular diversity-oriented a zinc: for “ probes targeted (ZIMIR). release USA Sci exocytotic Acad induced toring a using release insulin Zn Diabetes ealtini eeepeso npiaypancreatic primary in {beta}-cells. expression islet gene metallothionein outrdFE esr sn self-associating domains. using sensors FRET red Robust cells. Reaction-based 468 Of chart. avoidance Histochem: problem a including phenomenon ae rectslcZn cytosolic free lates locations. cellular multiple e49371. in monitoring simultaneous Zn(2)(+) for of sensors FRET colored nately Zn(2+). Biol mitochondrial Chem of measurement quantitative USA Sci Acad Click-SNAR https://www.cambridge.org/core – 1458 , 2+ – – 75. 483. 728. ealmc:Itg imtlSci Biometal Integr Metallomics: rcNt cdSci Acad Natl Proc nmtcodi fhatyvru acru prostate cancerous versus healthy of mitochondria in – 6 1466. 2+ C hmBiol Chem ACS 18 333 , 7 1636 , 295 , ihgntclyecddsensors. encoded genetically with iciiae ipyiaacta Biophysica et Biochimica ” fi 108 108 – ilPbBooia ti Commission Stain Biological Pub cial Approach fl 337. . 1 oecn esrfrivsiaigmobile investigating for sensor uorescent https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 ilChem Biol J – 103 , so hscasIndia Physicians Assoc J ilTaeEe Res Elem Trace Biol – 21063 , 7351 , 303. 1640. ilChem Biol J – fl 2+ 111. oecn icidctrfrmoni- for indicator zinc uorescent fi – . IPaddress: 111 5 – 7356. S ocnrto,Sc9(i)and (ZiP) Slc39 concentration, 8 3528 , 21068. 2133 , tal et tal et tal et 143 , 286 21)Zn,cpe,iron, copper, Zinc, (2012) . 21)Iaigdynamic Imaging (2011) . tal et – 21)Nwsnosfor sensors New (2012) . tal et – 284 25778 , – 3535. tal et 170.106.35.234 fl 2139. 148. oecnebiosensor. uorescence tal et tal et 16289 , 21)Measuring (2011) . 21)Biologically (2014) . 21)Nwalter- New (2012) . 7 148 nvitro in 258 , 21)Disturbed (2012) . 21)Carbonic (2010) . – ibtsRes Diabetes lnInvest Clin J 25789. 161 , urBiochem Nutr J 42 1804 tal et LSONE PLoS tal et – – 720 , tal et – , on tal et 16297. 266. and – fl rcNatl Proc 393 , rcNatl Proc review. a 164. uorescent 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 (2014) . (2009) . ol J World (2006) . – (2013) . Biotech 721. nvivo in .A Rutter A. G. – ACS 403. 17 22 87 7 , , , , 3 airJ uo ,Gebl RM Goebbels Y, Guiot J, Rahier 53. 0 anS 20)Terltv otiuin fislnresist- insulin of contributions relative The (2003) SE Kahn 50. 2 ulrA,Jno ,Bne-erS Bonner-Weir J, dia- Janson 2 AE, type Butler in beta-cell 52. The (2008) LE Parton & GA Rutter 51. 9 odrar G tlebr ,DeigP Doering Low- M, Stoltenberg (1983) LG, Sondergaard M 49. Peshavaria & EJ Penn JC, Hutton 48. 7 adtio ,Pne R&Siatv K(2013) AK Srivastava & NR Pandey G, Vardatsikos 47. Z Fan H, Li X, Wang 46. supplementa- zinc Dietary (2001) CG Taylor & SF Simon 45. 7 utrG,PaogWF&Wlhi B(1992) CB Wollheim & W-F Pralong GA, Rutter 57. J Rowe M, Dalpe-Scott N, Begin-Heick 44. 6 utrG,Ple J osnDJ Hodson TJ, Pullen GA, Rutter 56. 8 aao I airM,Smlc F Semplici MA, Ravier AI, Tarasov 58. 5 ra abnP 20)Srigorevsot seeking out: ourselves Sorting (2004) PA Halban & P Arvan 55. 9 utrG,Tee -,L G Li J-M, Theler GA, Rutter 59. 4 tsu J iuz ,SeHnM Sae-Hen F, Minuzzi GJ, Stasiuk 54. 3 ldkR ohla ,Rn J Rung G, Rocheleau R, Sladek 63. L Yu K, Juhl JM, Wenzlau 62. min- The secretion. insulin Visualising (2004) GA Rutter 60. 4 tie ,Mcia ,Sea N Stefan F, Machicao H, Staiger 64. 1 hmet ,DvrnsS airA Favier S, Devergnas F, Chimienti 61. tal et , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at eacl asi uoensbet ihtp diabetes. 2 type with Metab subjects Obes European Diabetes in mass beta-cell neadbt-eldsucint h ahpyilg of pathophysiology the diabetes. to 2 dysfunction Type beta-cell and ance ye2diabetes. 2 type de ee n nobesity. in and betes icin nteedcieadeorn aceso zinc of pancreas exocrine and endocrine the de in ions Zinc eils iaetctos dnn uloie n inorgan- phosphate. and ic nucleotides adenine cations, insulin-secretory Bivalent isolated vesicles. of constituents molecular-weight nuiommtcadat-ibtcefcso zinc. of effects Biochem anti-diabetic and Insulino-mimetic metal- rats. liver Wistar and 68 in parameters expressions diabetes 2 lothionein type on mentation mice. ( db/db in hyperglycemia attenuates tion eaeatvt yCa by activity dehydro- phosphate glycerol genase mitochondrial of Regulation in mouse. activity ob/ob the secretory of islets insulin pancreatic attenuates supplementation eacl dniy lcs esn n h oto finsulin of control the and secretion. sensing glucose identity, cell beta hnra Ca chondrial osnu ntraf on consensus imaging. mass cell beta ic MR/ Dual-modal nue T nrae npnrai â-cells. pancreatic in 7 increases ATP induced (INS1). Acta cells insulin-secreting rnpre n8(l3A)i ao uonie in autoantigen major diabetes. a 17040 1 is type (Slc30A8) human ZnT8 transporter granules. secretory insulin into Diabetes localized ZnT-8, porter, Identi 2004. lecture kowski ribose. cADP of effect of Calcium lack cells: insulin-secreting oyopim ihnnvlrs oifrtp diabetes 2 type for function. loci beta-cell risk determine novel within Polymorphisms diabetes. identi study association wide Maywood e39722. , . fi fi 563 , i n nrae eacl ppoi nhmn with humans in apoptosis beta-cell increased and cit in rats. cient – fi – 17045. ainadcoigo beta-cell-speci a of cloning and cation – Bioenergetics 572. 16 120 53 Nature ice J Biochem ) ,71 2330 , 226 ,8 2+ ice J Biochem itlHistopathol Histol – – ,43 80. Diabetes 7 pb21 e . 8 3., Dec Epub@2012 17. npre C sesnilfrglucose- for essential is MCU uniporter 445 fi Diabetologia fl – kn ntebeta-cell. the in cking oecn icpoe oad pancreat- towards probes zinc uorescent 2337. – 51. 881 , 1175 Diabetologia 466 rn omRes Horm Front 10 tal et ,32 202 , 210 – 2+ 52 107 , rcNt cdSiUSA Sci Acad Natl Proc Chemistry 885. 102 , – 21)Efc fzn supple- zinc of Effect (2012) . 297 , tal et fi LSONE PLoS 42. ihnelectropermeabilized within – snvlrs oifrtp 2 type for loci risk novel es 46 – 218. tal et 113. iciiae Biophysica et Biochimica ,3 – 20)Tecto ef cation The (2007) . 21 – tal et 110. 47 305. tal et 619 , – tal et 19)Ca (1994) . tal et 19. Diabetes 1861 , tal et 21 36 20)Agenome- A (2007) . hso Biochem Physiol J 20)Pancreatic (2008) . 5023 , 21)Pancreatic (2015) . – Traf 21)Temito- The (2012) . 118 , tal et 625. 20)Beta-cell (2003) . 2 – e832. , – tal et 17. tal et tal et 1872. x ilMed Biol Exp fi fi 18)Zinc (1985) . – – 34 c tal et ictrans- zinc c LSONE PLoS 134. 5033. 2+ 5 179 , ,53 (2007) . (2015) . (2004) . trsin stores (2006) . Inorg J – – 61. 184. 104 Cell fl ux , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 5 ear ,Rve A cree A Schraenen MA, Ravier K, Lemaire 75. FC Lynn Y, Toyofuku H, Kim 74. N Wijesekara EA, Bellomo the TJ, of studies Nicolson Thermodynamic 72. (2004) D Fu & Y Chao 71. 3 ejr N(00 he-iesoa tutr fbeta- of structure Three-dimensional (2010) RN Weijers 73. 0 lnikJ hrefsnG erNL Beer G, Thorleifsson J, Flannick 70. MF Hivert JA, Nettleton S, Kanoni 69. 8 aciS e S hqe H Choquet GS, Del S, Cauchi 68. 7 ebrP,BlooE,Hdo DJ Hodson EA, Bellomo PA, Gerber 77. 7 uhtS,Ek E osRJ Loos CE, Elks SM, Ruchat 67. 6 on D akrS,BnigrRK Benninger SA, Sarkar LD, Pound 76. 9 aaiM uiaiY aaA Hara Y, Fujitani M, Tamaki 79. 6 ia S ao ,Bre A Barker V, Lagou AS, Dimas 66. 3 ad B ieeaaN eknI Genkin N, in Wijesekara mutations AB, SLC30A8 Hardy (2015) 83. F Chimienti & con- GA the in Rutter zinc for 82. roles new zinc: Think (2010) GA Rutter 81. AB Hardy FF, Dai N, Wijesekara 78. 4 ruesB eF,OioihAB Osipovich FG, de B, Brouwers 84. W Yan M, Brissova B, Wicksteed 80. 5 ichf ,Mcia ,HutA Haupt F, Machicao K, Kirchhoff 65. ye2daee-soitdgn ain SLC30A8 pregnancy. during 16 variant mass cell beta pancreatic ulates gene diabetes-associated R325W. 2 type type the of for studies null and variants. mice ZnT8 diabetes-associated 2 transporter in zinc homeostasis granule glucose the and storage zinc Insulin coli Escherichia the to YiiP. binding transporter metal of mechanism cell-speci oso-ucinmttosi L3A rtc against protect diabetes. SLC30A8 2 type in mutations Loss-of-function meta-analysis. 14-Cohort a variant: Diabetes trans- zinc (SLC30A8) a of effect porter glucose-raising the modify may intake n ucinlefcso h L3A s3664poly- islets. rs13266634 pancreatic Metab SLC30A8 human isolated the on of morphism effects functional and oesSC08ZT xrsinadfe yooi Zn cytosolic free and expression SLC30A8/ZnT8 lowers ee ucpiiiyvrat identi dia- 2 variants studies. type association and susceptibility sensitivity insulin betes secretion, insulin tween eel ehnsi heterogeneity. mechanistic reveals traits glycemic quantitative on variants susceptibility diabetes nipie nui secretion. insulin impaired results transporter-8 in zinc encoding gene Slc30a8 mouse the of ui rcsig rsalsto n secretion. 53 and crystallisation processing, sulin ee r soitdwt mardponui conversion. proinsulin impaired with Diabetologia SLC30A8 associated and are CDKAL1 genes TCF7L2, the in Polymorphisms in u sntrqie o omlguoehomeostasis glucose normal for required expres- mice. not ZnT8 in is transporter but zinc sion, on depends crystallization npnrai eacells. beta pancreatic in ye2diabetes. 2 type secretion. insulin of trol se ucini omnyue rngncmuelines mouse transgenic used commonly in function islet Znt8. of knockout Metab global Endocrinol between and differences mice: beta-cell Znt8-null on feeding diet high-fat brain. the in 3090 expression of transgene analysis cre {beta}-cells: pancreatic ectopic mouse in targeting gene speci ucpil eeSC08ZT euae eai insulin hepatic regulates clearance. SLC30A8/ZnT8 gene susceptible 804 , 1656 , https://www.cambridge.org/core – fi 3098. n8dlto nmc assmre eet nin- in defects marked causes mice in deletion ZnT8 c 100 – 808. – rcNt cdSiUSA Sci Acad Natl Proc fi ibtlMtbSyndr Metab Diabetol 60 1668. ictasotr n-,peitdfo the from predicted ZnT-8, transporter, zinc c lnInvest Clin J ,77 2407 , 51 – 597 , 82. a Genet Nat Diabetologia ilChem Biol J – . 302 2416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 caDiabetol Acta – 601. E1084 , 123 Diabetologia Islets . IPaddress: 46 4513 , ice J Biochem 357 , 58 – 2 tal et 279 Diabetes E1096. tal et ,1 tal et tal et 2 ,31 tal et 33. , Diabetes – tal et – 17173 , 46 106 – 21)Ipc ftp 2 type of Impact (2014) . 4524. 20)Ascainbe- Association (2009) . 2. 363. – 21)Srtnnreg- Serotonin (2010) . 21)Meta-analysis (2010) . tal et tal et tal et tal et fi 170.106.35.234 21)Tediabetes- The (2013) . 217 , 36. 57 tal et di genome-wide in ed tal et 14872 , 21)Conditional (2010) . tal et 421 1635 , 58 21)Ttlzinc Total (2011) . 21)Efcsof Effects (2012) . 21)Impaired (2014) . 21)Bt cell Beta (2010) . – – 21)Hypoxia (2014) . 20)Deletion (2009) . 63 2070 , 17180. 226. ,371 20)Insulin (2009) . mJPhysiol J Am tal et tal et ,2158 tal et – Diabetologia – Diabetes 14877. 1644. – , on o Genet Mol – 376. a Med Nat (2008) . (2014) . 2083. (2009) . – 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 2171. icaddaee 71 diabetes and Zinc 59 2+ , 0.W ,Wn ,ZagW Zhang X, Wang W, Wu 102. 0.Tn hyN 20)Zn a nislnlk effect insulin-like an has Zinc (2001) NF Shay & X Tang 101. 7 azk 20)Islnrcpo inl regulating signals receptor Insulin structure, (2006) receptor: insulin M The Kanzaki (1994) PF 97. Pilch & J Lee 96. EA Bellomo G, Meur A, Solomou 95. 0.HaeH&MrtW(03 nrclua zinc Intracellular (2003) W Maret & H Haase 100. zinc and chromium of Effect (2004) CS Dey zinc & of ER Miranda effect Insulin-like 99. (1980) P Dandona & L Coulston 98. 7 ulnT,SlwL u G Sun L, Sylow TJ, Pullen 87. G Meur M, Hu RK, Mitchell 86. MA Maestro D, Tarussio B, Thorens 85. 3 ylhnaynA,L ,LeSC Lee H, Lu AV, Gyulkhandanyan 93. K Inouye L, Qui SC, Souza 90. Stef M, Schweiger 89. ef- Inhibitory (2013) YV Li & CB James KG, Slepchenko 88. 4 ad B eioA,Wjskr N Wijesekara AS, Serino AB, Hardy 94. 2 rnlnI rmd ,Gioc A Gjinovci J, Gromada I, Franklin 92. A Gjinovci P, Maechler H, Ishihara 91. , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at LT rnlcto n ci dynamics. actin and translocation GLUT4 signaling. and function, gluca- version). hypoglycemia-induced for secretion. cells subpopula- gon á a pancreatic in of required tion is Slc30a8/ZnT8 transporter zinc nislnsgaigi kltlmsl cells. muscle Res skeletal in signaling insulin on adipocytes. on 267 of regulation and Zn mechanisms intracellular transport of Investigation euaino lcgnsceinb ic esn from lessons cell-speci Metab zinc: Obes Diabetes by beta secretion the glucagon of Regulation -ellast eaiehprnuiimdrn exercise. during hyperinsulinism relative mice to Diabetes in leads pancreatic the â-cell in Slc30a8/ZnT8 (Slc16a1) transporter-1 Monocarboxylate of over-expression Diabetologia or dele- cell-selective beta tion pancreatic after tolerance glucose in cell-speci beta Diabetologia for mice knock-in expression. minigene hormone growth Metab human to due n lhT19pnrai ellines. Min6 cell in secretion pancreatic glucagon alphaTC1-9 and and insulin regulates ZnT-8 islets. porcine exclusively in expressed 677 cells is beta (slc30A8) in ZnT8 transporter zinc in line. secretion 1311. beta-cell zinc/insulin insulin-secreting glucose-stimulated on an zinc of fect 283 asu hnest nii lcgnrelease. glucagon inhibit 1808 po- to ATP-dependent channels alpha-cell tassium activate products secretory neighbour- from alpha-cells. release ing glucagon determines secretion cell S206. a nhmnara pteilcells. epithelial airway 28258 human path- in proteasome the way through degradation protein PTEN nguoetasotmdae yphosphoinositol-3- by 3T3-L1 in Nutr mediated Akt and transport kinase glucose on 289 nui-iegot atr1signaling. factor-1 insulin/ growth in activity insulin-like phosphatase tyrosine protein modulate 10184 , – – 101 – 293. 684. – 298. 1815. 131 – 20 ,19 28263. 61 979 , 1414 , – 1719 , – 10197. 36. I h Press). the (In 58 – ilChem Biol J Diabetes 558 , 990. 2+ a elBiol Cell Nat – 1420. – 1725. fl npnrai alpha-cells. pancreatic in fi – megue M(03 The (2013) WM Amselgruber & M n8koku os model. mouse knockout Znt8 c 656. 13 mJPhysiol J Am 29 Spl ) 112 1), (Suppl. 665 , tal et tal et Eulcto ha fprint of ahead (Epublication tal et fi 5 rbat n adipocytes. and broblasts 330 , tal et 21)Oe-xrsinof Over-expression (2012) . – 21)Rcpoa changes Reciprocal (2015) . itce elBiol Cell Histochem 667. 20)Zn transporter Zinc (2008) . fi x Physiol Exp eerecombination. gene c – tal et 20)Zinc-induced (2003) . tal et 335. 266 tal et x elRes Cell Exp – ilChem Biol J tal et 20)Iltbeta- Islet (2003) . 117. 20)Beta-cell (2005) . Diabetologia C319 , ilTaeElem Trace Biol tal et tal et 21)The (2015) . norJ Endocr 21)Ins1 (2015) . ilChem Biol J Diabetes fl uctuations 98 – (2008) . (2011) . C334. 1301 , 278 291 140 Cell 53 54 51 J – , , , , , , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72 0.MesS,NedA hwGS Chew A, Nield SA, Myers 106. 0.BrhlA srkoic A atrPL Walter EA, Ostrakhovitch A, Barthel 105. C Hogstrand A, Massarotti E, Bellomo 104. G Engelhardt A, Brieger LM, Plum 103. ictasotr l3a Zp)i mlctdin implicated is (Zip7) Slc39a7 transporter, zinc ycpe n icin:mcaim n consequences. and mechanisms Biophys ions: Biochem signaling zinc Arch and 3-kinase/Akt copper phosphoinositide by of Stimulation TNihbto yzn osaget interleukin-2- augments phosphorylation. 1287. ions Akt zinc mediated by PTEN-inhibition osmdlt rti yoiepopaae1 activity. 1B phosphatase tyrosine Metallomics protein modulate ions https://www.cambridge.org/core 6 1229 , . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115003237 – 1239. 463 . IPaddress: 175 , – 182. 170.106.35.234 Metallomics tal et tal et 21)The (2013) . tal et 21)Zinc (2014) . tal et , on 28 Sep2021 at04:26:33 6 (2014) . 1277 , (2007) . .A Rutter A. G. – 0.PudL,Sra A sin A Ustione SA, Sarkar LD, Pound 109. 0.KrtgA atnE okn S Bolkent E, Kaptan A, Karatug 108. 0.ZuK i ,L C Li S, Nie K, Zhu 107. tal et , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at hsooia fet fdltn h os l3a gene slc30a8 background. in genetic mouse are transporter-8 the zinc deleting encoding of effects physiological nkde isefloigzn upeetto oSTZ- to supplementation rats. zinc diabetic following induced tissue kidney in ibtcrt a eascae ihisatoiaiestress antioxidative its in with ability. associated chelate be threoninate may rats zinc diabetic of effects pancreas-protective lcei oto nseea ucecells. muscle skeletal 8 in control glycaemic . e79316. , ilTaeEe Res Elem Trace Biol LSONE PLoS rc lmMdBiol Med Elem Trace J tal et 153 21)Atdaei and Antidiabetic (2013) . 291 , 7 tal et fl e40972. , ecdb edrand gender by uenced – 21)Alterations (2013) . 298. tal et 21)The (2012) . LSONE PLoS 27 ,52 – 57.