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PAKISTAN 60 65 70 75 ryoi Pan UZBEKISTAN a j Shache D j Murghob an TURKMENISTAN P Yecheng e DUSHANBE y Garag - Taxkorgan um ¯ Mary aly a Kan y TAJIKISTAN ( r Termiz Qurghonteppa a M D Pomir CHINA u oi r ry g Zeid Reservoir a Aijiekebayi a Khorugh Am ¯ D p u Darya Faiza¯ba¯d D e r y Y Sarahs a KKhūnjerābhūnjerāb PassPass ar s Khulm Kundu¯z k He y Lasht ant Shibirgha¯n z Maza¯r-e u¯ d r n a n Sharif¯ u u K Baghla¯n K K Maimanah Pul-e Khumri¯ Gilgit Indus Serhetabat ye Chitra¯l A Siachen a¯- ry Glacier ¯d rya¯-y a S Ro a e D D Mu r Ska¯rdu 35 ¯ rg a 35 ha¯ n b Cha¯rika¯ ¯r u H Hari K L Qal‘ah-ye Now e 72 ine l Ta¯yba¯d -y Mingāora 9 of C o a¯ 1 ontr KABUL ry M Chaghchara¯n Da Muzaffarābād Kargil Hera¯t ¯ Ro¯d Landi Hari Jalala¯ba¯d Mardān Srinagar¯ I KKhyberhyber PassPass Kotal AFGHANISTAN R Ro¯d Pa¯rachina¯r Pesha¯war ISLAMABAD ¯h ara F Gardez Koha¯t Ghazni¯ Ra¯walpindi Shindand¯ d Thal Ro¯ s d u Jhelum C n G d h d a n m en o I ¯ ¯ Ro d Bannu lu Jammu a¯b m o¯ m e sh l R Jh Gujrāt a¯ e b a Fara¯h h a¯ l H b K d a¯ a¯n R en Patha¯nkot h o¯ Ch Gujra¯nwa¯la rg d Wa¯na Dila¯ra¯m A GumalTa¯nk Sargodha B ea¯s Kandaha¯r Dera Lahore Amritsar Lashkar Isma¯il¯ Faisala¯ba¯d Jalandhar Za¯bol Ga¯h Kha¯n Zhob Jhang Zaranj vi Kasu¯r Sadr a¯ Chandigarh Chaman ob R Ludhia¯na Zh d KKhojakhojak Ro¯ Dera b d PPassass a¯ Sa¯hiwa¯ ¯l an n Amba¯la Helm Gha¯zi e La¯la Khost h Multa¯n j 30 Kha¯n C tle Bhatinda 30 Quetta Su Gowd-e Zerah s Y u a BBolanolan PPassass m d Pa¯nipat¯ n u Za¯heda¯n I Sibi n a Nok Baha¯walpur Rohtak Kundi Delhi Da¯lbandin NEW DELHI Ha¯mu¯n-i-Ma¯shkel Su¯ra¯b (lakebed) Jacoba¯ba¯d Rahimya¯ ¯r Ratangarh Kha¯n Bikaner¯ IRAN Khuzda¯r La¯rka¯na Sukkur ha¯n d N INDIA s u¯ a kh R Ra l r a Jaipur a l k a¯ C Jaisalmer Panjgu¯r h N a s a¯ Da¯du n a ihing Kaur M l N ech Ajmer K Jodhpur u¯ni Nawa¯bshah L l Bela a Turbat n b Mand tio m truc s a under cons a h asht Hin n C D g a¯ o Ba¯rmer Mirpur¯ B l Kha¯s Kota 25 Gwa¯dar Pasni Sonmia¯ni 25 Jiwani¯ Orma¯ra Bay Hydera¯ba¯d Karachi s u International boundary d K a n ¯ I l Port Muhammad seasonally Udaipur i S inundated Expressway i Bin Qasim n Pa¯lanpur d Road h RRannann i ooff KKutchutch ¯ t a Railroad m r i Ratla¯m LLittleittle a ah Ujjain b M Bhuj RRannann a¯ Canal S Ahmada¯ba¯d Indore Arabian Sea Ma¯ndvi Ka¯ndla National capital Major airport Okha Ja¯mnagar Vadodara Major portmada Ra¯jkot Nar Bhavnagar0 100 200 Kilometers i Ta¯p Porbandar 0 100 200 Miles Bhusa¯val Surat Scale 1:10,000,000 Boundary representation is 65 not necessarily authoritative. 70 Diu Malegaon 75 LAMBERT CONFORMAL CONIC PROJECTION; STANDARD PARALLELS 23°33’ N 35°44’ N 803471AI (G02807) 12-10.

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18Cboes of Tbe Lpast.'
J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-59-03-08 on 1 September 1932. Downloaded from G. A. Kempthorne 217 effect of albumin is rememberep.. 'l'hus, where a complete method of steam sterilization by downward displacement cannot be used, the method of first washing in hot water, and then leaving the utensils to stand in ' potassium permanganate 1 in 1000 solution is recommended. Irieffective methods of sterilization are dangerous, in that they give a false sense of security. A,considerable number of experiments were done in the Pat-hological Department of Trinity College, Dublin; and my thanks are due to Professor J. W. Bigger, who gave me the facilities for carrying them out, and for many helpful suggestions. I should also like to thank Dr. G. C. Dockery and Dr. L. L. Griffiths for their advice.. and help . 18cboes of tbe lPast.' THE SECOND AFGHAN WAR., 1878-1879. guest. Protected by copyright. By LIEUTENANT·COLONEL G. A. KEMPTHORNE, D.S.O., Royal Army Medical Corps (R.P.). THE immediate cause of the Afghan Wars ofl878-1880 was the reception of a Russian Mission at Kabul and the refusal of the AmiI', Shere Ali, to admit a British one. War was declared in November, 1878, when three columns crossed into Afghanistan by way of the Khyber, the Kuram Valley, and the Khojak Pass respectively. The first column consisted of 10,000 British and Indian troops under Sir Samuel Browne, forming a division; the Kuram force, under Sir Frederick Roberts, was 5,500 strong; Sir Donald Stewart, operating through Quetta, bad a division equal to tbe first.
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Buffer Zone, Colonial Enclave, Or Urban Hub?
Working Paper no. 69 - Cities and Fragile States - BUFFER ZONE, COLONIAL ENCLAVE OR URBAN HUB? QUETTA :BETWEEN FOUR REGIONS AND TWO WARS Haris Gazdar, Sobia Ahmad Kaker, Irfan Khan Collective for Social Science Research February 2010 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © H. Gazdar, S. Ahmad Kaker, I. Khan, 2010 24 Crisis States Working Paper Buffer Zone, Colonial Enclave or Urban Hub? Quetta: Between Four Regions and Two Wars Haris Gazdar, Sobia Ahmad Kaker and Irfan Khan Collective for Social Science Research, Karachi, Pakistan Quetta is a city with many identities. It is the provincial capital and the main urban centre of Balochistan, the largest but least populous of Pakistan’s four provinces. Since around 2003, Balochistan’s uneasy relationship with the federal state has been manifested in the form of an insurgency in the ethnic Baloch areas of the province. Within Balochistan, Quetta is the main shared space as well as a point of rivalry between the two dominant ethnic groups of the province: the Baloch and the Pashtun.1 Quite separately from the internal politics of Balochistan, Quetta has acquired global significance as an alleged logistic base for both sides in the war in Afghanistan. This paper seeks to examine different facets of Quetta – buffer zone, colonial enclave and urban hub − in order to understand the city’s significance for state building in Pakistan. State-building policy literature defines well functioning states as those that provide security for their citizens, protect property rights and provide public goods. States are also instruments of repression and the state-building process is often wrought with conflict and the violent suppression of rival ethnic and religious identities, and the imposition of extractive economic arrangements (Jones and Chandaran 2008).
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District Development B
District Development B o P R O F I L E l a n 2 0 1 1 - D i s t Kachhi r i c t D e v e l o p m e n t P r o f i l e 2 0 1 0 Planning & Development Department United Nations Children’s Fund Government of Balochistan, Quetta Provincial Office Balochistan, Quetta Planning & Development Department, Government of Balochistan in Collaboration with UNICEF District Development P R O F I L E 2 0 1 1 K a c h h i Prepared by Planning & Development Department, Government of Balochistan, Quetta in Collaboration with United Nations Children’s Fund Provincial Office Balochistan, Quetta July 18, 2011 Message Foreword In this age of knowledge economy, reliance on every possible tool The Balochistan District Development Profiles 2010 is a landmark exercise of Planning and available for decision making is crucial for improving public resource Development Department, Government of Balochistan, to update the district profile data management, brining parity in resource distribution and maximizing that was first compiled in 1998. The profiles have been updated to provide a concise impact of development interventions. These District Development landmark intended for development planning, monitoring and management purposes. Profiles are vivid views of Balochistan in key development areas. The These districts profiles would be serving as a tool for experts, development practitioners Planning and Development Department, Government of Balochistan and decision-makers/specialists by giving them vast information wrapping more than 18 is highly thankful to UNICEF Balochistan for the technical and dimensions from Balochistans' advancement extent.
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Physical Geography of the Punjab
19 Gosal: Physical Geography of Punjab Physical Geography of the Punjab G. S. Gosal Formerly Professor of Geography, Punjab University, Chandigarh ________________________________________________________________ Located in the northwestern part of the Indian sub-continent, the Punjab served as a bridge between the east, the middle east, and central Asia assigning it considerable regional importance. The region is enclosed between the Himalayas in the north and the Rajputana desert in the south, and its rich alluvial plain is composed of silt deposited by the rivers - Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chanab and Jhelam. The paper provides a detailed description of Punjab’s physical landscape and its general climatic conditions which created its history and culture and made it the bread basket of the subcontinent. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction Herodotus, an ancient Greek scholar, who lived from 484 BCE to 425 BCE, was often referred to as the ‘father of history’, the ‘father of ethnography’, and a great scholar of geography of his time. Some 2500 years ago he made a classic statement: ‘All history should be studied geographically, and all geography historically’. In this statement Herodotus was essentially emphasizing the inseparability of time and space, and a close relationship between history and geography. After all, historical events do not take place in the air, their base is always the earth. For a proper understanding of history, therefore, the base, that is the earth, must be known closely. The physical earth and the man living on it in their full, multi-dimensional relationships constitute the reality of the earth. There is no doubt that human ingenuity, innovations, technological capabilities, and aspirations are very potent factors in shaping and reshaping places and regions, as also in giving rise to new events, but the physical environmental base has its own role to play.
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Comparing Camels in Afghanistan and Australia: Industry and Nationalism During the Long Nineteenth Century
Comparing camels in Afghanistan and Australia: Industry and nationalism during the Long Nineteenth Century Shah Mahmoud Hanifi [James Madison University, Virginia, USA] Abstract: This paper compares the roles of camels and their handlers in state building projects in Afghanistan and Australia during the global ascendance of industrial production. Beginning in the mid-1880s the Afghan state-sponsored industrial project known as the mashin khana or Kabul workshops had significant consequences for camel-based commercial transport in and between Afghanistan and colonial India. Primary effects include the carriage of new commodities, new forms of financing and taxation, re- routing, and markedly increased state surveillance over camel caravans. In Australia the trans-continental railway and telegraph, and other projects involving intra-continental exploration and mining, generated a series of in-migrations of Afghan camels and cameleers between the 1830s and 1890s. The port of Adelaide was the urban center most affected by Afghan camels and cameleers, and a set of new interior markets and settlements originate from these in-migrations. The contributions of Afghan camels and their handlers to state-building projects in nineteenth-century Afghanistan and Australia highlight their vital roles in helping to establish industrial enterprises, and the equally important point that once operational these industrial projects became agents in the economic marginalization of camels and the social stigmatization of the human labour associated with them. __________________________________________________________________ Introduction: camels, political economy and national identities The movement of camels through the Hindu Kush mountain passes was greatly transformed beginning in 1893. That year the Durrani Amir of Kabul Abd al-Rahman signed an agreement with the British Indian colonial official Sir Henry Mortimer Durand acknowledging there would be formal demarcation of the border between their respective vastly unequal powers, one being a patron and the other a client.
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Ancient Regions, New Frontier the Prehistory of the Durand Line in Baluchistan
Internationales Asienforum, Vol. 44 (2013), No. 1–2, pp. 7–24 Ancient Regions, New Frontier The Prehistory of the Durand Line in Baluchistan JAKOB RÖSEL* Abstract The prehistory of the Durand Line is complicated, involving new forms of tribal al- legiance-building, tribal and localised state-building and, finally, regional empire- building. A new tribal as well as mercantile religion and civilisation, Islam, gave rise to new patterns of trade and a new crossroads and commercial centre: Kalat. With the decline of the Mughals a Kalat state based on a local dynasty and two tribal fed- erations emerged as a semi-independent state. The British Empire ultimately strength- ened and enlarged, balanced and controlled this tribal and regional state. Thanks to the British the Khan of Kalat controlled most of present-day Baluchistan. From the 1870s the construction of this imperial state served new geostrategic designs: the Khan of Kalat conceded control over the Bolan Pass as well as Quetta to the British Empire. It was this imperial bridgehead, called British Baluchistan, which served as the cornerstone for a forward border policy and, ultimately, the Durand Line. Keywords Frontiers, imperialism, British India, Baluchistan, Durand Line Introduction A frontier, border or boundary can have various forms and functions. The actual artefact is only the empirical, spatial manifestation of versatile social or political, cultural or economic intentions, designs or strategies. Borders serve an offensive or defensive function. They are inclusive or exclusive. They can operate as the exoskeleton of an emerging state. They can either create or fail to create and demarcate ethnic loyalties or political identities.
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Mehrgarh Neolithic
Paper presented in the International Seminar on the "First Farmers in Global Perspective', Lucknow, India, 18-20 January, 2006 Mehrgarh Neolithic Jean-Fran¸ois Jarrige From 1975 to 1985, the French Archaeological had already provided a summary of the main results Mission, in collaboration with the Department of brought by the excavations conducted from 1977 Archaeology of Pakistan, has conducted excavations to 1985 in the Neolithic sector of Mehrgarh. in a wide archaeological area near to the modern From 1985 to 1996, the excavations at Mehrgarh village of Mehrgarh in Balochistan at the foot of the were stopped and the French Mission undertook the Bolan Pass, one of the major communication routes excavation of a mound close to the village of between the Iranian Plateau, Central Asia and the Nausharo, 6 miles South of Mehrgarh. This excavation Indus Valley. showed clearly that the mound of Nausharo had Mehrgarh is located in the Bolan Basin, in the north- been occupied from 3000 to 2000 BC. After a western part of the Kachi-Bolan plain, a great alluvial Period I contemporary with Mehrgarh VI and VII, expanse that merges with the Indus Valley (Fig. 1). Periods II and III (c. 2500 to 2000 BC) at Nausharo The site itself is a vast area of about 300 hectares belong to the Indus (or Harappan) civilisation. covered with archaeological remains left by a Therefore the excavations at Nausharo allowed us to continuous sequence of occupations from the 8th to link in the Kachi-Bolan region, the Indus civilisation the 3rd millennium BC. to a continuous sequence of occupations starting from the aceramic Neolithic period.
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Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan A Cover. Exposures of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation along the northeast flank of the Sor Range, Balochistan, Pakistan. Photograph by Stephen B. Roberts. Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan By Edward A. Johnson, Peter D. Warwick, Stephen B. Roberts, and Intizar H. Khan U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan / by Edward A. Johnson . .[et al.]. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1599) "Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan." Includes bibliographical references. 1. Geology, Stratigraphic—Eocene. 2. Geology—Pakistan— Balochistan. 3. Coal—Geology—Pakistan—Balochistan. 4. Ghazij Formation (Pakistan). I. Johnson, Edward A. (Edward Allison), 1940- . II. Series. QE692.2.L58 1999 553.2'4'0954915—dc21 98-3305 ISBN=0-607-89365-6 CIP CONTENTS Abstract..........................................................................................................................
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421 INDE X a Abakh Hoja Tomb 325 Abbottabad 245-9
© Lonely Planet Publications 421 Index A Saidu Sharif 209-12, 210 Barikot 213 Abakh Hoja Tomb 325 Taxila 88-90, 89 Barpu Glacier 353 Abbottabad 245-9, 246 architecture 53-4 Barsat 284 accommodation 364-6 area codes, see inside front cover Barsin 263 activities 366, see also individual army 34-6 Basant 110 activities arts 52-6, see also individual arts Basha Dam 265 acute mountain sickness (AMS) Artush 330 Basho 286 341, 400 Ashoka, Emperor 237, 249-50 Basho Valley 291-2 Afghan border 154 Ashoka Rocks 249-50 Batagram 256-7 INDEX Afghan refugees 46 Askur Das 306 bathrooms 377-8 Afiyatabad (New Sost) 314-15, 314 Astor Valley 268-70, 269 Batrik 232, 344 AIDS 398 Astor village 268 Battakundi 255 air pollution 70 Athmaqam 185 Batura Glacier 356-7, 7 air travel 382-3 ATMs 373 bazaars 376, 6 airlines 382-3 Avdegar 355-6, 355 Bazira 213 airports 382-3 Avgarch 313-14 begging 50 tickets 383 Awami League 32 Begum Shah Mosque 105 to/from Pakistan 383-5 Ayub National Park 80 Besham 258-9, 258 to/from the KKH 394 Azad Jammu & Kashmir 181-6, 182 Beyal 349 within Pakistan 388-9 earthquake 183 Bhitai, Shah Abdul Latif 52, 176 Akbar 27 Bhong Mosque 126-7 Akbari Mosque 179 B Bhurban 92-3 Alai Valley 259-61, 260 Baba Ghundi Ziarat 316 Bhutto, Benazir 35, 39, 51 alcohol 60 Baba Wali Kandahari 90 Bhutto family 38-9 Alexander the Great 26 Babur 27 Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali 38, 39 Ali Masjid 200 Babusar Pass 255-6, 267 bicycle travel, see cycling Aliabad 298-9 Badshahi Mosque 103-5 bird-watching 66 All-India Muslim League 29-30 Bagh 186 Birir Valley 233 Allergological
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The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy
JULY 2019 The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy KRITI M SHAH The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy KRITI M SHAH ABOUT THE AUTHOR Kriti M. Shah is a Junior Fellow with the Strategic Studies Programme of the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. ISBN: 978-93-89094-57-2 © 2019 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from ORF. The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy ABSTRACT Along Pakistan’s western frontier, the Pashtuns in the north and the Baloch in the south have historically been crucial elements of the country’s ethnic tapestry. Their place in Pakistani society today is the result of their geography, British colonial legacy, and their relationship with the state. For many years now, the Pashtuns have borne the brunt of the Afghan jihad and military campaigns against their tribes while the Baloch have suffered economic exploitation as well as aggression from the Pakistan military. The nationalist movements that have emerged from this region have been unique to the nature of the people; yet, the Pakistan state has treated them in similar ways. This paper analyses the nationalist movements of the Pashtun and the Baloch in Pakistan, and the possibilities they hold for the country’s western border. Attribution: Kriti M. Shah, "The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy", ORF Occasional Paper No.
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Quetta at a Wild Around Quetta
Sibi. Lak Pass is located between Kallat and Quetta at a wild around Quetta. Park, Liaquat Park and Chiltan Hill viewpoint on Brewery point where the highway makes a turn for Koh-e-Taftan, Quetta is Road offering a panoramic view of Quetta. Karkhasa is a Saindak copper mines and Zahidan in Iran and the other home to panoply recreation Park situated at distance of 10 kilometers to the section links Karachi via Kallat, Khuzdar and Bela. Khojak of people reflecting west of Quetta. It is a 16 km long narrow valley having a Pass is 7575 ft. above sea level leading directly to the border the demographic variety of flora like Ephedra, Artimisia and Sophora. In of Afghanistan at Chaman which is 153 km from Quetta. pattern of the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park, spread over 325,000 The train passes through the longest tunnel of the sub- province it is acres at an altitude ranging between 2000 to 3200 meters continent. Harnai Pass linked with Ziarat is at some distance the capital of. Markhor, national animal of Pakistan, has been given from Loralai and is just as spectacular as Khyber Pass. It is inhabited protection. The park also houses birds like partridges, Quetta, the name in local vernacular is derived by Pathans, warblers, shikras, blue rock pigeons, rock nuthatchs, red from the word Kuwetta meaning a fort. The city is 1692 Baloch and Brahui along with Uzbeks, Tajiks and gilled choughs, golden eagle, sparrow, hawks, falcons meter above sea level lying at the mouth of Bolan Pass. It Turkmen.
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Basic Facts About Pakistan
BASIC FACTS ABOUT PAKISTAN Official Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan Father of the Nation Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) National Poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) Head of the State Asif Ali Zardari, President Raja Pervez Ashraf, Prime Minister Capital Islamabad Area Total 796,095 Sq. km. Punjab 205,344 Sq. km. Sindh 140,914 Sq. km. Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa 74,521 Sq. km. Balochistan 347,190 Sq. km. Federally Administered Tribal Areas 27,220 Sq. km. Islamabad (Capital) 906 Sq. km. Population 165 million (estimated)-132 million (1998 census) Pakistan is divided into four provinces viz. 1. Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa 2. Punjab 3. Sindh 4. Balochistan The tribal belt adjoining Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa is managed by the Federal Government and is named FATA i.e., Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas have their own respective political and administrative machinery, yet certain of their subjects are taken care of by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas. Provinces of Pakistan are further divided into Districts. Religion 95% Muslims, 5% others Annual per capita income US $1085 GDP 5.8% Currency Pak. Rupee Imports Industrial equipment, chemicals, vehicles, steel, iron ore, petroleum, edible oil, pulses and tea. Exports Cotton, textile goods, rice, leather items carpets, sports goods, handi-crafts, fish and fish prep. and fruit Languages Urdu (National) and English (Official) Literacy rate 53% Government Parliamentary form Parliament Parliament consists of two Houses i.e., the Senate (Upper House) and the National Assembly (Lower House). The Senate is a permanent legislative body and symbolises a process of continuity in the national affairs.
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