DOCSLIB.ORG

Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan A Cover. Exposures of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation along the northeast flank of the Sor Range, Balochistan, Pakistan. Photograph by Stephen B. Roberts. Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan By Edward A. Johnson, Peter D. Warwick, Stephen B. Roberts, and Intizar H. Khan U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan / by Edward A. Johnson . .[et al.]. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1599) "Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan." Includes bibliographical references. 1. Geology, Stratigraphic—Eocene. 2. Geology—Pakistan— Balochistan. 3. Coal—Geology—Pakistan—Balochistan. 4. Ghazij Formation (Pakistan). I. Johnson, Edward A. (Edward Allison), 1940- . II. Series. QE692.2.L58 1999 553.2'4'0954915—dc21 98-3305 ISBN=0-607-89365-6 CIP CONTENTS Abstract........................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Location of the Study.............................................................................................. 2 Sponsorship and Purpose of the Report.................................................................. 2 Previous Studies...................................................................................................... 2 Methods of Investigation......................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgments................................................................................................... 3 Geologic Framework of Northeastern Balochistan......................................................... 5 Structural Features.................................................................................................. 5 Areal Distribution of Sedimentary Rocks............................................................... 7 Vertical Distribution of Sedimentary Rocks ........................................................... 8 Pre-Ghazij Geologic History........................................................................................... 8 Pre-Ghazij Plate Tectonics...................................................................................... 8 Pre-Ghazij Deposition............................................................................................. 8 Early Eocene Depositional Setting ................................................................................. 9 Lower Eocene Sedimentary Rocks ................................................................................. 11 History of Stratigraphic Nomenclature ................................................................. 11 Principal Reference Sections........................................................................................... 12 Shin Ghwazha Mine................................................................................................ 14 Abraham Mam Mine.............................................................................................. 15 GishtariNala........................................................................................................... 15 MoghalMine........................................................................................................... 15 Sarawan River......................................................................................................... 15 Vertical Subdivisions and Lithofacies of the Ghazij Formation ..................................... 15 Lower Muddy Marine Part...................................................................................... 15 Lithofacies......................................................................................................... 15 Mudrock.................................................................................................. 15 Sandstone................................................................................................ 17 Lower Contact................................................................................................... 17 Upper Contact.................................................................................................... 19 Middle Coal-Bearing Part....................................................................................... 19 Lithofacies......................................................................................................... 19 Mudrock.................................................................................................. 19 Sandstone................................................................................................ 19 Type I Sandstone Bodies................................................................. 19 Type II Sandstone Bodies................................................................ 21 Type III Sandstone Bodies .............................................................. 21 Carbonaceous Shale................................................................................ 21 Coal......................................................................................................... 22 Limestone................................................................................................ 22 White Claystone...................................................................................... 23 Coquina................................................................................................... 24 Upper Contact................................................................................................... 24 Upper Muddy Nonmarine Part................................................................................ 24 Lithofacies......................................................................................................... 25 Mudrock.................................................................................................. 25 Sandstone................................................................................................ 25 Conglomerate.......................................................................................... 25 Other Lithologies.................................................................................... 26 III IV CONTENTS Upper Contact................................................................................................ 26 Discussion........................................................................................................................... 27 Northwestern Sulaiman Lobe......................................................................... 28 Murree Brewery............................................................................................. 30 Sor Range....................................................................................................... 30 PirlsmailZiarat.............................................................................................. 30 Mach............................................................................................................... 33 RodangiNala.................................................................................................. 34 Johan............................................................................................................... 34 The Alternate Nomenclature of Shah..................................................................... 36 Regional Variations of the Ghazij Formation................................................................. 36 Sulaiman Range..................................................................................................... 36 BalaDhaka-Bahlol-KingriBelt...................................................................... 36 Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir............................................................................... 37 Moghal Kot and Drazinda.............................................................................. 38 Kirthar Range......................................................................................................... 39 Marap Conglomerate...................................................................................... 39 Harboi Hills.......................................................................................... 39 Surab..................................................................................................... 40 Sibi to the Indus River...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Section Iv District Profiles Awaran
    SECTION IV DISTRICT PROFILES AWARAN Awaran district lies in the south of the Balochistan province. Awaran is known as oasis of AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION dates. The climate is that of a desert with hot summer and mild winter. Major crops include Total cultivated area (hectares) 23,600 wheat, barley, cotton, pulses, vegetable, fodder and fruit crops. There are three tehsils in the district: Awaran, Jhal Jhao and Mashkai. The district headquarter is located at Awaran. Total non-cultivated area (hectares) 187,700 Total area under irrigation (hectares) 22,725 Major rabi crop(s) Wheat, vegetable crops SOIL ATTRIBUTES Mostly barren rocks with shallow unstable soils Major kharif crop(s) Cotton, sorghum Soil type/parent material material followed by nearly level to sloppy, moderately deep, strongly calcareous, medium Total livestock population 612,006 textured soils overlying gravels Source: Crop Reporting Services, Balochistan; Agriculture Census 2010; Livestock Census 2006 Dominant soil series Gacheri, Khamara, Winder *pH Data not available *Electrical conductivity (dS m-1) Data not available Organic matter (%) Data not available Available phosphorus (ppm) Data not available Extractable potassium (ppm) Data not available Farmers availing soil testing facility (%) 2 (Based on crop production zone wise data) Farmers availing water testing facility (%) 0 (Based on crop production zone wise data) Source: District Soil Survey Reports, Soil Survey of Pakistan Farm Advisory Centers, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited (FFC) Inputs Use Assessment, FAO (2018) Land Cover Atlas of Balochistan (FAO, SUPARCO and Government of Balochistan) Source: Information Management Unit, FAO Pakistan *Soil pH and electrical conductivity were measured in 1:2.5, soil:water extract.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrographic and Vitrinite Reflectance Analyses of a Suite of High Volatile Bituminous Coal Samples from the United States and Venezuela
    Petrographic and vitrinite reflectance analyses of a suite of high volatile bituminous coal samples from the United States and Venezuela Open-File Report 2008-1230 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk A. Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Hackley, P.C., Kolak, J.J., 2008, Petrographic and vitrinite reflectance analyses of a suite of high volatile bituminous coal samples from the United States and Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1230, 36 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1230. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................1 Methods ..............................................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Update on Lignite Firing
    Update on lignite firing Qian Zhu CCC/201 ISBN 978-92-9029-521-1 June 2012 copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre Abstract Low rank coals have gained increasing importance in recent years and the long-term future of coal -derived energy supplies will have to include the greater use of low rank coal. However, the relatively low economic value due to the high moisture content and low calorific value, and other undesirable properties of lignite coals limited their use mainly to power generation at, or, close to, the mining site. Another important issue regarding the use of lignite is its environmental impact. A range of advanced combustion technologies has been developed to improve the efficiency of lignite-fired power generation. With modern technologies it is now possible to produce electricity economically from lignite while addressing environmental concerns. This report reviews the advanced technologies used in modern lignite-fired power plants with a focus on pulverised lignite combustion technologies. CFBC combustion processes are also reviewed in brief and they are compared with pulverised lignite combustion technologies. Acronyms and abbreviations CFB circulating fluidised bed CFBC circulating fluidised bed combustion CFD computational fluid dynamics CV calorific value EHE external heat exchanger GRE Great River Energy GWe gigawatts electric kJ/kg kilojoules per kilogram kWh kilowatts hour Gt billion tonnes FBC fluidised bed combustion FBHE fluidised bed heat exchanger FEGT furnace exit gas temperature FGD flue gas desulphurisation GJ
    [Show full text]
  • Sector Overview 3 2
    Table of contents Contents Page 1. Sector Overview 3 2. National Mineral Policy 4 3. Summary of Fiscal Regime. 5 4. Major Mineral Resources Of Pakistan and Map 6-13 5. Top Fifteen Minerals of Pakistan 14 1. Aluminium 14 2. Iron Ore 14 3. Copper 14 4. Chromite Ore 15 5. Zinc / Lead 16 6. Coal 17 7. Gypsum / Anhydrite 18 8. Phosphates 19 9. Rock Salt 20 10. Solar Salt 21 11. Magnesite 21 12. Limestone for lime 21 13. Kaolin (China Clay) 22 14. Natural Stones as Building Materials 22 i). Granite 22 ii). Marble and Onyx 22 15. Gemstones 23 6. Trade Statistics 24 i). Exports 24 ii). Imports 25 1 7. Annuexures. i) Characteristics of major Coal fields 26 ii) Coal- Potential opportunities 27 iii) Province wise Break-up of Marble and Granite. 29 iv) Gems and Precious Stones Found in Pakistan 30 v) Gemstones Productive Areas. 31 vi) Potential Projects. 32 vii) Exports Potential of Mineral Products 34 viii) Export Potenial of Mineral and Gemstones 35 ix) Country specific Strategy 36 x) Types of Mineral Titles 37 xi) List of On-going Mineral Sector projects 38 xii) Extraction of Principal Minerals and FDI Inflow in Mining and Quarrying 39 xiii) Investment opportunity in Mineral sector 40 xiv) List of companies in minerals sector 41 2 Sector Overview Pakistan is endowed with significant mineral resources and emerging as a very promising area for exploration of mineral deposits. Based on available information, country’s more than 6, 00, 000 sq.kms of outcrop area demonstrates varied geological potential for metallic / non-metallic mineral deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Information System (GIS) Representation of Coal-Bearing Areas in India and Bangladesh
    Geographic Information System (GIS) Representation of Coal-Bearing Areas in India and Bangladesh Compiled by Michael H. Trippi and Susan J. Tewalt Open-File Report 2011–1296 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2011 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Trippi, M.H., and Tewalt, S.J., comps., 2011, Geographic information system (GIS) representation of coal-bearing areas in India and Bangladesh: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1296, 27 p., available only at http:// pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1296. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Contents Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 India ..............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern
    SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN VOLUME 4 PASHTO, WANECI, ORMURI Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan Volume 2 Languages of Northern Areas Volume 3 Hindko and Gujari Volume 4 Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri Volume 5 Languages of Chitral Series Editor Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 4 Pashto Waneci Ormuri Daniel G. Hallberg National Institute of Summer Institute Pakistani Studies of Quaid-i-Azam University Linguistics Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS HP14 3XL United Kingdom First published 1992 Reprinted 2004 ISBN 969-8023-14-3 Price, this volume: Rs.300/- Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/- To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact: National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: 92-51-2230791 Fax: 92-51-2230960 To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact: International Academic Bookstore 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236, USA Phone: 1-972-708-7404 Fax: 1-972-708-7433 Internet: http://www.sil.org Email: [email protected] REFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY R. CANDLIN. CONTENTS Preface.............................................................................................................vii Maps................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical and Physical Structural Studies on Two Inertinite-Rich Lump
    CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INERTINITE-RICH LUMP COALS. Nandi Malumbazo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 2011 DECLARATION I, Nandi Malumbazo, declare that the thesis entitled: “CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INER- TINITE-RICH LUMP COALS” is my own work and that all sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and ac- knowledged by means of references. Signature: ……………………………………………………………….. Date:………………………………………………………………………… Page i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Two Highveld inertinite-rich lump coals were utilized as feed coal samples in order to study their physical, chemical structural and petrographic variations during heat treat- ment in a packed-bed reactor unit combustor. The two feed lump coals were selected as it is claimed that Coal B converts at a slower rate in a commercial coal conversion process when compared to Coal A. The reason for this requires detailed investigation. Chemical structural variations were determined by proximate and coal char CO2 reactiv- ity analysis. Physical structural variations were determined by FTIR, BET adsorption methods, XRD and 13C Solid state NMR analysis. Carbon particle type analysis was con- ducted to determine the petrographic constituents of the reactor generated samples, their maceral associations (microlithotype), and char morphology. This analysis was undertaken with the intention of tracking the carbon conversion and char formation and consumption behaviour of the two coal samples within the reactor. Proximate analysis revealed that Coal A released 10 % more of its volatile matter through the reactor compared to Coal B.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Sector Development Programme 2019-20 (Original)
    GOVERNMENT OF BALOCHISTAN PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2019-20 (ORIGINAL) Table of Contents S.No. Sector Page No. 1. Agriculture……………………………………………………………………… 2 2. Livestock………………………………………………………………………… 8 3. Forestry………………………………………………………………………….. 11 4. Fisheries…………………………………………………………………………. 13 5. Food……………………………………………………………………………….. 15 6. Population welfare………………………………………………………….. 16 7. Industries………………………………………………………………………... 18 8. Minerals………………………………………………………………………….. 21 9. Manpower………………………………………………………………………. 23 10. Sports……………………………………………………………………………… 25 11. Culture……………………………………………………………………………. 30 12. Tourism…………………………………………………………………………... 33 13. PP&H………………………………………………………………………………. 36 14. Communication………………………………………………………………. 46 15. Water……………………………………………………………………………… 86 16. Information Technology…………………………………………………... 105 17. Education. ………………………………………………………………………. 107 18. Health……………………………………………………………………………... 133 19. Public Health Engineering……………………………………………….. 144 20. Social Welfare…………………………………………………………………. 183 21. Environment…………………………………………………………………… 188 22. Local Government ………………………………………………………….. 189 23. Women Development……………………………………………………… 198 24. Urban Planning and Development……………………………………. 200 25. Power…………………………………………………………………………….. 206 26. Other Schemes………………………………………………………………… 212 27. List of Schemes to be reassessed for Socio-Economic Viability 2-32 PREFACE Agro-pastoral economy of Balochistan, periodically affected by spells of droughts, has shrunk livelihood opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual-Performance-Report-2020-Da
    DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION QUETTA #QUETTAWECANDOIT. Jan - Dec 2020 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT OF DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION QUETTA WWW.DCQUETTA.GOB.PK ..if the district administration performs its basic function in an efficient manner, the department (Board of Revenue) will play a vital role in the economic development of the province. Jam Kamal Khan Alyani Chief Minister Balochistan CONTENTS PAGE I. Revision of Valuation Table/Enhancement in Revenue Figures 05 II. Disposal of Revenue Complaints/ Cases (General Complaints) 05 III. Disposal of Land acquisition cases 05 iv. Submission of Reply in Judicial Cases 06 V. Reformation and Improvement of Revenue 06 vi. Establishment and Improvement of Judicial Branch 07 vii. Removal of Encroachments from State and Private Lands 08 viii. District coordination meetings 11 IX. Establishment of Ramadan Sasta Bazar as per the directions of GOB 12 X. LOCAL / DOMICILE 13 XI. Covid-19 Activities 14 XII. Awareness campaigns through volunteers 15 XIII. Ration / cash distribution activities 15 Xiv. Administration 15 XV. Arms & Explosives 16 17 4 Next Page >> ADMINISTRATION QUETTA DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION QUETTA Jam Kamal Khan Alyani Chief Minister Balochistan Asfandyar Khan Kakar Major (R) Aurangzeb Badini Commissioner Quetta Division Deputy Commissioner Quetta ADMINISTRATION QUETTA Next Page >> 5 REVENUE MATTERS 1. Revision of Valuation Table/Enhancement in Revenue Figures. • After revision of valuation table, improving procedures and removing role of private agents the revenue generation has been enhanced by over 100%. S.# Period Amount/Figures 01 1st January to 31st December 2019 Rs: 176637692/- 02 1st January to 31st December, 2020 Rs: 354044368/- 2. Disposal of Revenue Complaints/ Cases (General Complaints). • Demarcation of land disposed off: 170.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 KECK PROPOSAL: Eocene Tectonic Evolution of the Teton-Absaroka
    KECK PROPOSAL: Eocene Tectonic Evolution of the Teton-Absaroka Ranges, Wyoming (Year 2) Project Leaders: John Craddock (Macalester College; [email protected]) and Dave Malone (Illinois State University; [email protected]) Host Institution: Macalester College, St. Paul, MN Project Dates: ~July 15-August 14, 2011 Student Prerequisites: Structural Geology, Sedimentology. Preamble: This project is an expansion of a 2010 Keck project that was funded at a reduced level (Craddock, 3 students); Malone and 4 students participated with separate funding. We completed or are currently working on three 2010 projects: 1. Structure, geochemistry and geochronology (U-Pb zircon) of carbonate pseudotachylite injection, White Mtn. (J. Geary, Macalester; note that this was not part of last year’s proposal but a new discovery in 2010 caused us to redirect our efforts), 2. Calcite twinning strains within the S. Fork detachment allochthon, northwest, WY (K. Kravitz, Smith; note because of a heavy snow pack in the Tetons this past summer, we chose a different structure to study), and 3. Provenance of heavy minerals and detrital zircon geochronology, Eocene Absaroka volcanics, northwest, WY (R. McGaughey, Carleton). We did not sample the footwall folds proposed in the previous proposal (under snow) and will focus on this project and mapping efforts of White Mountain and the 40 x 10 km S. Fork detachment area near Cody, WY, in part depending on the results (calcite strains, detrital zircons) of the 2010-11 effort. All seven students are working on the detrital zircon geochronology project, and two abstracts are accepted at the 2011 Denver GSA meeting. Overview: This proposal requests funding for 2 faculty to engage 6 students researching a variety of outstanding problems in the tectonic evolution of the Sevier-Laramide orogens as exposed in the Teton and Absaroka ranges in northwest Wyoming.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette
    The Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette From the late I 880s until the I 930s, Lafayette was a major coal town. Read the history of the coal mining era, examine the location of coal mines within the Lafayette area, and enjoy historic photos of the Waneka Lake Power Plant and the Simpson Mine with the attached Coal Mines of the Lafaveti’e Area brochure. This brochure was created by the Lafayette Historic Preservation board, and it highlights the fascinating Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette. oft/ic — • Coal Mines Lafayette Area page 1 • Coal Mines of the Lafayette Area - page 2 • Coal Mines f the Lfa)’ette Area — map ____________________________ Historic Preservation Board, City of Lafayette, Colorado The social legacy. The social legacy of mining is equally important to contemporary Lafayette The mines required far more labor than was available locally and quickly attracted experienced miners and laborers from Europe and other parts of the U.S. The result was a community comprised of many ethnic groups, including Welsh, English. Scottish, Irish, central European, Hispanic, Italian, and Swedish workers and their families. Local farmers and ranchers also shared in the coal boom and worked as miners in the winter when coal production was high and agricultural work slow. A sense of this ethnic diversity can be gained by walking through the Lafayette cemetery at Baseline and 111th Street. The variety of family names gives a sense of the many nationalities that have contributed to Lafayette’s history. Although the mining life was hard, families were fun-loving and many social activities centered around schools and churches.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 17. Quartzite Gravel Northwest Wyoming
    Chapter 17 Quartzite Gravel of Northwest Wyoming The quartzites of southwest Montana and adjacent Idaho extend eastward into Wyoming1 in a semi-continuous belt, as shown on Figure 16.1 of the previous chapter. This chapter will describe those deposits. Quartzite Gravel Lag John Hergenrather and I have found scattered surficial quartzites from near Interstate 15 in northeastern Idaho, just south of Lima, Montana, eastward to the northern Teton Mountains and over a four-wheel drive pass between Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. These quartzites seem to have mostly formed a thin layer or lag deposit on the surface or were reworked by local mountain glaciation. This lag rep- resents the red hashed area in Figure 16.1. Quartzites on Top of the Northern Teton Mountains Probably the most fascinating quartz- ite location is on top of the northern Teton Mountains! Brent Carter and I took a Figure 17.1. Slightly dipping limestone at the top three day round trip hike to the top of Red of Red Mountain. Mountain in the northern Teton Moun- tains, 10,177 feet (3,102 m) msl!2,3 Red Mountain and Mount Moran (12,605 feet, 3,842 m msl) represent remnants of a flat-topped planation surface.2 Red Mountain is composed of slightly tilted limestones (Figure 17.1), while Mount Moran is composed of granite or gneiss with a 50-foot (15 m) thick cap of Flathead Sandstone on top (see Figure 33.7). The quartzites on top of Red Mountain are mainly a thin lag mixed with angular lime- stone cobbles and boulders (Figure 17.2).
    [Show full text]