References for Chapters 7-9, 11

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

References for Chapters 7-9, 11 REFERENCES Adams, L.M., J.P. Capp and D.W. Gillmore. 1972. Coal mine spoil and refuse bank reclamation. In: Third Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium. Chicago, IL. Adriano, D.C., A.L. Page, A.A. Elseewi, A.C. Chang, and I. Straughan. 1980. Utilization and disposal of fly ash and other coal residues in terrestrial ecosystems: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality. 9:333-344. Adriano, D.C., T.A. Woodford and T.G. Ciravolo. 1978. Growth and elemental composition of corn and bean seedlings as influenced by soil application of coal ash. Journal of Environmental Quality. 7:416-421. Allison, J.D., D.S. Brown and K.J. Novo-Gradac. 1992. MINTEQA2, Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems. Version 3, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arndt, H.H. 1971. Geological Map of the Mount Carmel Quadrangle. Columbia, Northumberland and Schuylkill Counties, Pennsylvania. Map GQ-919. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey. Ash, S.H. and W.L. Eaton. 1947. Barrier pillars in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. Am. Inst. Min. and Met. Eng. Tech. Pub. 2289. 20pp. Ash, S.H. 1950a. Buried valley of the Susquehanna River. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 494, 27 pp. Ash, S.H. 1950b. Data on pumping at the Anthracite mines of Pennsylvania. U.S. Bureau of Mines R.I. 4700, 264 pp. Ash, S.H., E.W. Felegy, D.O. Kennedy and P.S. Miller. 1951. Acid-Mine-Drainage Problems. Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 508, 72 pp. Ash, S.H., B.S. Davies, H.E. Jenkins and W.M. Romisher. 1952. Barrier Pillars in Lackawanna Basin. Northern Field U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 517, 114 pp. Ash, S.H., W.L. Eaton, K. Hughes, W.M. Romischer, and J. Westfield. 1949. Water pools in Pennsylvania Anthracite mines. US Bureau of Mines TP 727, 78 pp. Ash, S.H. 1954. Barrier pillars in the Wyoming Basin, Northern Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania. US Bureau of Mines Bulletin 538, 251 pp. Ashley, G.H. 1928. Bituminous Coal Fields of Pennsylvania, Part I. Bulletin M6. 4th Series. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Geological Survey. 241 pp. Asphalt Institute. 1978. Soils manual for the design of asphalt pavement structures. Manual Series No. 10 (M5-10). p.75-85. College Park, MD: The Asphalt Institute. 346 ASTM 2000. Test Method C 618, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2001. Test Method D1557-00. Test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort (56,000 ft-lb/ft3). West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2003. Test Method D1586, Test method for penetration test and split-barrel sampling of soils. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2003. E2277-03 Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fill. In: Book of Standards. vol. 11.04, p.1-8. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. Atkinson, A. 1985. The time dependence of pH within a repository for radioactive waste disposal, AERE Harwell Report No. DOE/RW/85.062. Atkinson, A. and J.A. Hearne. 1984. An assessment of the long-term durability of concrete in radioactive waste repositories. AERE Harwell, Report No. R-11465. Averitt, P. 1975. Coal Resources of the United States, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin B 1412. A.W. Martin Associates, Inc. 1973. Little Schuylkill River Basin Mine Drainage Study, Project WCE SL-167. Prepared for the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Bair, E.S. 1980. Numerical Simulation of the Hydrogeologic Effects of Open-pit Anthracite Mining. Ph.D. thesis, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. Ballaron, P.B. 1999. Water Balance for the Jeddo Tunnel Basin, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Publication No. 208. Harrisburg, PA: Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 34 pp. Ballaron, P.B., C.M. Kocher and J.R. Hollowell. 1999. Assessment of Conditions Contributing Acid Mine Drainage to the Little Nescopeck Creek Watershed, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, and an Abatement Plan to Mitigate Impaired Water Quality in the Watershed. Publication No. 204 Harrisburg, PA: Susquehanna River Basin Commission. 196 pp. Barnes, I., W.T. Stuart, and D.W. Fisher. 1964. Field Investigation of Mine Waters in the Northern Anthracite Field, Pennsylvania. USGS Professional Paper 473-B, B1-B8. Barnes, M.W. and B.E. Scheetz. 1989. The chemistry of Al-tobermorite and its coexisting phases at 175oC. Materials Research Society, Symposium Proceedings. 179:243-272 Specialty Cements with Advanced Properties, Pittsburgh, PA: Materials Research Society. Batu, V. 1998. Aquifer Hydraulics: A Comprehensive Guide to Hydrogeologic Data Analysis. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. 347 Beardsley, R.W., R.C. Campbell and M.A. Shaw. 1999. Appalachian Plateaus (Part III. Structural Geology and Tectanics). In: The Geology of Pennsylvania. C.H. Schultz, ed. p.286-297. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Geological Survey and Pittsburgh Geological Society. Becher, A.E. 1991. Groundwater Resources In and Near the Anthracite Basins of Schuylkill and Adjacent Counties, Pennsylvania. Water Resource Report 64, 4th series. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Geological Survey. BEIR VI. 1999. Health Effects of Exposure to Radon. National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Bennett, O.L. 1971. Grasses and legumes for revegetation of strip-mined areas. In: Proceedings on Revegetation and Economic Use of Surface Mined Land and Mine Refuse Symposium, Morgantown, WV. Bennett, O.L., W.H. Armiger and J.N. Jones Jr. 1976. Revegetation and use of eastern surface mine spoils. In: Land Application of Waste Materials, Soil Conservation Society of America. Berg, T.M., W.E. Edmunds, A.R. Geyer, A.D. Glover, D.M. Hoskins, D.B. MacLachlan, S.I. Root, W.D. Sevon and A.A. Sokolow. 1980. Geologic Map of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Berg, W.A. and W.G. Vogel. 1973. Toxicity of acid coal-mine spoils to plants. Ecology and Reclamation of Devastated Land. 1:57-68. Berryhill, H.L., Jr., S.P. Schweinfurth, and B.H. Kent. 1971. Coal-bearing Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian rocks, Washington Area, Pennsylvania. USGS Professional Paper, 621. Bethke, C.M. 1996. Geochemical Reaction Modeling: Concepts and Applications. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Bohn, H.L., B.L. McNeal and G.A. O’Connor. 1985. Soil Chemistry, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Bolles, W.H., and A.R. Geyer. 1976. Pennsylvania Interstate 81 Geologic Guide. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Department of Education. Bowles, J.E. 1970. Engineering Properties of Soils and their Measurement. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Book Company. Bradshaw and Chadwick. 1980. The Restoration of Land. Berkeley, CA: Univ. California University Press. Brady, K.B.C., J.R. Shaulis and V.W. Skema. 1988. A study of mine drainage quality and prediction using overburden analysis and paleoenvironmental reconstructions, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. US Bureau of Mines Information Circular, 9183, 33-43. 348 Brady, K.B.C. and R.H. Hornberger. 1990. The prediction of mine drainage quality in Pennsylvania. Water Pollution Control Association. Pa. Magazine. 23(5):8-15. Brady, K.B.C., M.W. Smith, R.L. Beam, and C.A. Cravotta III., 1990. Effectiveness of the use of alkaline materials at surface coal mines in preventing or abating acid mind drainage: Part 2, mine site case studies. In: Proceedings of the 1990 Mining and Reclamation Conference and Exhibition, 1:227-241, Charleston, WV, April 23-26. Brady, K.B.C., E.F. Perry, R.L. Beam, D.C. Bisko, M.D. Gardner, and J.M. Tarantino. 1994. Evaluation of acid-based accounting to predict the quality of drainage at surface coal mines in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. In: International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage. U.S. Bureau of Mines Special Publication. SP 06A-94, pp. 138-147. Brady, K.B.C., A.W. Rose, C.A. Cravotta, III, and W.W. Hellier. 1997. Bimodal distribution of pH in coal mine drainage. Abstracts with Programs. 27th Northeast Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 24(3):9. Brady, K.B.C., R.J. Hornberger, and G. Fleeger. 1998. Influence of Geology on Postmining. Water Quality: Northern Appalachian Basin. In: Coal Mine Drainage Prediction and. Pollution Prevention in Pennsylvania. K.B.C. Brady, M.W. Smith, and J. Schueck, eds. p. 8-1 to 8-92. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Brady, K.B.C., J.W. Hawkins, K. Miller and J.E. Cuddeback. 2001. Coal Remining – Best Management Practices Guidance Manual. EPA-821-B-01-010, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. The Nature and Properties of Soils, 13th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Briggs, R.P. 1999. Appalachian Plateaus province and the Eastern Lake section of the Central Lowland province (Part V. Physiography). In: The Geology of Pennsylvania, C.H. Schultz ed., p.362-377. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Geological Survey and Pittsburgh Geological Society. Brown, J., N.J. Ray, and M. Ball. 1976. The disposal of pulverized fuel ash in water supply catchment areas. Water Resources. 10:1115-1121. Brown, R.L. and R.R. Parizek. 1971. Shallow ground water flow systems beneath strip and deep coal mines at two sites, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania. Coal Research Board Special Research Report, SR-84. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. Coal Research Section. 216 pp. Callaghan, T., G.M. Fleeger, S. Barnes and A. Dalberto. 1998. Groundwater flow on the Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania. In: Coal Mine Drainage Prediction and Pollution Prevention in Pennsylvania. K.B.C. Brady, M.W.
Recommended publications
  • Chemical and Physical Structural Studies on Two Inertinite-Rich Lump
    CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INERTINITE-RICH LUMP COALS. Nandi Malumbazo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 2011 DECLARATION I, Nandi Malumbazo, declare that the thesis entitled: “CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INER- TINITE-RICH LUMP COALS” is my own work and that all sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and ac- knowledged by means of references. Signature: ……………………………………………………………….. Date:………………………………………………………………………… Page i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Two Highveld inertinite-rich lump coals were utilized as feed coal samples in order to study their physical, chemical structural and petrographic variations during heat treat- ment in a packed-bed reactor unit combustor. The two feed lump coals were selected as it is claimed that Coal B converts at a slower rate in a commercial coal conversion process when compared to Coal A. The reason for this requires detailed investigation. Chemical structural variations were determined by proximate and coal char CO2 reactiv- ity analysis. Physical structural variations were determined by FTIR, BET adsorption methods, XRD and 13C Solid state NMR analysis. Carbon particle type analysis was con- ducted to determine the petrographic constituents of the reactor generated samples, their maceral associations (microlithotype), and char morphology. This analysis was undertaken with the intention of tracking the carbon conversion and char formation and consumption behaviour of the two coal samples within the reactor. Proximate analysis revealed that Coal A released 10 % more of its volatile matter through the reactor compared to Coal B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette
    The Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette From the late I 880s until the I 930s, Lafayette was a major coal town. Read the history of the coal mining era, examine the location of coal mines within the Lafayette area, and enjoy historic photos of the Waneka Lake Power Plant and the Simpson Mine with the attached Coal Mines of the Lafaveti’e Area brochure. This brochure was created by the Lafayette Historic Preservation board, and it highlights the fascinating Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette. oft/ic — • Coal Mines Lafayette Area page 1 • Coal Mines of the Lafayette Area - page 2 • Coal Mines f the Lfa)’ette Area — map ____________________________ Historic Preservation Board, City of Lafayette, Colorado The social legacy. The social legacy of mining is equally important to contemporary Lafayette The mines required far more labor than was available locally and quickly attracted experienced miners and laborers from Europe and other parts of the U.S. The result was a community comprised of many ethnic groups, including Welsh, English. Scottish, Irish, central European, Hispanic, Italian, and Swedish workers and their families. Local farmers and ranchers also shared in the coal boom and worked as miners in the winter when coal production was high and agricultural work slow. A sense of this ethnic diversity can be gained by walking through the Lafayette cemetery at Baseline and 111th Street. The variety of family names gives a sense of the many nationalities that have contributed to Lafayette’s history. Although the mining life was hard, families were fun-loving and many social activities centered around schools and churches.
    [Show full text]
  • Duke University Dissertation Template
    Redistributing Risk: the Political Ecology of Coal in Late-Twentieth Century Appalachia by Jonathon M. Free Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Lori Snyder Bennear ___________________________ Robert Rodgers Korstad ___________________________ Gunther Peck Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 i v ABSTRACT Redistributing Risk: The Political Ecology of Coal in Late Twentieth-Century Appalachia by Jonathon M. Free Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Lori Snyder Bennear ___________________________ Robert Rodgers Korstad ___________________________ Gunther Peck An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Copyright by Jonathon M. Free 2016 Abstract “Redistributing Risk” explains how coal, which powered the industrial revolution, continued to be a linchpin of U.S. energy production long into the post-industrial era. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, coal fueled everything from railroad engines to the foundries that forged the steel on which they rode. But the market for coal dwindled during the middle of the twentieth century, and by the 1960s many Americans viewed it as a relic of a dirty and dangerous industrial past. Surprisingly, the industry rebounded during the 1970s, when concerns about energy supplies pushed policymakers and electricity producers to renew the nation’s reliance on coal.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Mining in Newcastle, 1801-1900
    COAL MINING IN NEWCASTLE, 1801-1900 by J.W. TURNER Newcastle History Monographs No.9 NEWCASTLE REGIO"\J PUBLIC LIBRARY THE COU;-.JCIL OF THE CITY OF NEWCASTLE. EW SOUTH WALES. AUSTRALIA 19B2 TURNER. John Wi lliam. 1933- Coal min mg m Newcastle. 1801 -1900. Newcastle. Newcastle Region Public Library. 1982. 179 pp .. illus .. maps, 23cm. (Newcastle history monographs. no.9) Ser ISBN 0 9599385 9 I Newcastle Region Public Library Coal mining - Newcastle Coal District Coal mines - Newcastle Coal District Australian Agri cultural Company The Author J W. Turner. M.A. Ph.D. Dip Ed .. 1s Senior Lecturer in the Department of Community Programmes. University of Newcastle. and is one of the editors of this series. He 1s the author of three earlier items m this series and various articles relating to the history o f Newcastle. In 1977 he submitted a Ph D thesis entitled Coalmining and Manufacturing in Newcastle. I 797 -1900, on which this and monograph no.8 are based ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When in 1962. I began the study that led eventually to this book. the University of Sydney was my employer and I will always be grateful for the opportunities it provided for historical research. However. from 1972 it was the support of the University of Newcastle that made possible the completion of the work. Professor A G. L. Shaw gave generous encouragement over the years ancl Professor R. A. Gollan's 'The Coa l miners of ew South Wales· contributed greatly to my understanding of the coal industry. Inspiration came. too. from Professor G. N .
    [Show full text]
  • Nittany Mineralogical Society Bulletin
    THE SOCIETY FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY NEWSLETTER Vol. 22, No. 2 June, 2005 ISSN 0743-3816 2005 Annual Meeting, September 11 - 14: Louisville, Kentucky Early registration discount ends July 31 Accommodation deadline is August 19 2005 TSOP Meeting September 11 - 14 Louisville, Kentucky, USA Early registration discount ends July 31 Accommodation deadline is August 19 - see page 10. Conference themes will include Planned schedule includes CO2 sequestration Sunday, September 11 coal utilization CO2 Sequestration Workshop (a.m.) coalbed methane Field Trip: Falls of the Ohio (p.m.) coal petrography Monday, September 12 organic geochemistry Technical Sessions Reception, Louisville Slugger Museum Tuesday, September 13 Technical Sessions Wednesday, September 14 Post-meeting coal mine field trip And mark your calendars now for the 23rd Annual TSOP Meeting Beijing, China September 15 - 22 , 2006 See page 19 The Society for Organic Petrology TSOP is a society for scientists and engineers involved with coal petrology, kerogen petrology, organic geochemistry and related disciplines. The Society organizes an annual technical meeting, other meetings, and field trips; sponsors research projects; provides funding for graduate students; and publishes a web site, this quarterly Newsletter, a membership directory, annual meeting program and abstracts, and special publications. Members may elect not to receive the printed Newsletter by marking their dues forms or by contacting the Editor. This choice may also be reversed at any time, or specific printed Newsletters may be requested. Members are eligible for discounted subscriptions to the Elsevier journals International Journal of Coal Geology and Review of Paleobotany and Palynology. Subscribe by checking the box on your dues form, or using the form at www.tsop.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Memories of Early Life Around the Coal Fields of Illinois
    Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC SIU Historical Documents University Archives 1992 Tell Me A Story: Memories of Early Life Around The oC al Fields of Illinois Mara Lou Hawse Dianne Throgmorton Coal Research Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Follow this and additional works at: https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ua_docs This booklet contains essays written by senior citizens about their experiences with coal mining in southern Illinois from the late 1800s through the 1950s. The se says were finalists in a writing competition held during Coal Awareness Week in October 1990. Coal Awareness Week was held by the Office of Coal Development and Marketing, of the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, and by the Coal Research Center at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Recommended Citation Hawse, Mara L., Throgmorton, Dianne and , . "Tell Me A Story: Memories of Early Life Around The oC al Fields of Illinois." (Jan 1992). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in SIU Historical Documents by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ELL T ME STaR: Memories of early life around the coal fields of Illinois Coal Research Center Southern Illinois University at Carbonda•le TELL ME A STORY TELL ME A STORY: Memories of early life around the coal fields of Illinois Edited by: Mara Lou Hawse Dianne Throgmorton Illustrated by: Tamara Wright • Published by: Coal Research Center Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Carbondale, Illinois 62901 This publication made possible in part by a grant from CONTENTS the Illinois Humanities Council, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Preface ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes
    Handbook of INDUSTRIAL HYDROCARBON PROCESSES JAMES G. SPEIGHT PhD, DSc AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA First edition 2011 Copyright Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/ permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
    [Show full text]
  • They Say in Harlan County
    They Say in Harlan County They Say in Harlan County An Oral History ALESSANDRO PORTELLI 1 2011 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data They say in Harlan County : an oral history / Alessandro Portelli. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–973568–6 1. Harlan County (Ky.)—History. 2. Harlan County (Ky.)—Social conditions. 3. Harlan County (Ky.)—Economic conditions. 4. Harlan County (Ky.)—Social life and customs. 5. Harlan County (Ky.)—Biography. 6. United Mine Workers of America—History. 7. Labor unions—Organizing—Kentucky—Harlan County—History. 8. Working class— Kentucky—Harlan County. 9. Oral history—Kentucky—Harlan County. 10. Interviews—Kentucky—Harlan County. I. Portelli, Alessandro. F457.H3T447 2010 976.9'154—dc22 2010010364 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Frontispiece: Employees’ homes in the west end of Benham, Harlan County.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan
    U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan A Cover. Exposures of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation along the northeast flank of the Sor Range, Balochistan, Pakistan. Photograph by Stephen B. Roberts. Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan By Edward A. Johnson, Peter D. Warwick, Stephen B. Roberts, and Intizar H. Khan U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan / by Edward A. Johnson . .[et al.]. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1599) "Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan." Includes bibliographical references. 1. Geology, Stratigraphic—Eocene. 2. Geology—Pakistan— Balochistan. 3. Coal—Geology—Pakistan—Balochistan. 4. Ghazij Formation (Pakistan). I. Johnson, Edward A. (Edward Allison), 1940- . II. Series. QE692.2.L58 1999 553.2'4'0954915—dc21 98-3305 ISBN=0-607-89365-6 CIP CONTENTS Abstract..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kay Moor, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia
    29.58/3-.N 42 I Ka.. Resource Study, «lricHistoric historic resource study Clemson Universi PUBLIC DOCUMEHTfc " pEPOSITORY ITE1* 3 1604 019 472 622 OCT 1 1990 CLEMSON LH&RARY KAY MOOR NEW RIVER GORGE NATIONAL RIVER • WEST VIRGINIA historic resource study by Sharon A. Brown July 1990 KAY MOOR NEW RIVER GORGE NATIONAL RIVER • WEST VIRGINIA UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR / NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/historicresourceOOriver CONTENTS Page PREFACE vii INTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER ONE: FAYETTE COUNTY COAL 1 Fayette County 1 Use of "Smokeless" Coal 3 Low Moor Iron Company 5 Opening the West Virginia Mines 7 New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal and Coke Company 10 Influence of West Virginia Coal Production 12 CHAPTER TWO: THE KAY MOOR MINE 15 Kay Moor No. 1 15 Kay Moor No. 2 17 Kay Moor Coke 18 The Miners 20 Immigrant Miners 20 Black Miners 23 Mine Safety 29 Mining Skills 33 Wages 35 World War I 36 Labor 37 CHAPTER THREE: THE TOWN OF KAY MOOR 57 Coal Towns 57 Kay Moor Demographics 62 Evolution and Layout of Kay Moor 63 Company Housing 66 Coal Town Architecture 69 Transportation 70 Sanitation 72 Lighting 73 Fences 73 Sidewalks 73 Fuel 73 Medical Care 74 Police 74 Company Store 74 Schools 79 Churches and Cemetery 80 Post Office 81 Bank 82 Recreational and Social Activities 82 Gardens and Hunting 84 Alcohol 85 Mobility 86 in Page Other Employment Opportunities 87 Abandonment of Kay Moor Top and Bottom 88 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 90 HISTORICAL BASE MAPS 91 APPENDIXES 99 Appendix 1: Shipping Statement, The Low Moor Iron Company of Virginia, April 17, 1903 101 Appendix 2: Managers of Kay Moor No.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Canvas-Backed Pennsylvania Coal Mining Maps for Digitization
    AMY BAKER , JEAN ANN CROFT , JOSEPH TARANTO , AND JAMES WELSH What Lies Beneath: Treatment of Canvas-backed Pennsylvania Coal Mining Maps for Digitization ABSTRACT deposits of material including maps, survey books, photo- graphs, and published works. Mining maps represent the An ongoing program to preserve approximately seven largest component of the collection, with over eight thou- hundred oversized, canvas-backed, coal mining maps from sand individual map sheets of various formats. The bulk of the CONSOL Energy Mining Map Collection was initiated the collection dates from the 1890s through the first half by the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) in 2007, supported by of the twentieth century. The CONSOL Energy Mining funding from the United States Department of the Interior Archives includes significant historical materials that docu- Office of Surface Mining and Reclamation (OSM) and the ment Pittsburgh’s national industrial heritage. They include, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for example, the records relating to Henry C. Frick Coal and (PA-DEP). The main goal of this project is to stabilize and Coke Company and materials that document the coal and clean the mining maps for digitization at the OSM National coke mining industry in general. Mine Map Repository (NMMR) located in Pittsburgh, This project focuses on approximately seven hundred Pennsylvania. The digitized data of the underground mines oversized maps, the majority dating between 1850 and will be incorporated into Geographical Information Systems 1950, known as “hardbacks.” The term “hardback,” coined relative to mine safety, land reclamation, current mining by the coal mining industry, refers to the map’s construc- operations, and new development.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Features and Depositional Environment of the Northern Karapınar–Ayrancı Coal Deposit (Konya, Central Turkey)
    Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci (2019) 28: 260-274 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/yer-1805-12 Coal features and depositional environment of the Northern Karapınar–Ayrancı coal deposit (Konya, Central Turkey) 1 1, 2 Rıza Görkem OSKAY , Kimon CHRISTANIS *, Mert SALMAN 1 Department of Geology, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece 2 General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey Received: 13.05.2018 Accepted/Published Online: 02.01.2019 Final Version: 20.03.2019 Abstract: The Karapınar–Ayrancı deposit is the most significant one among the recently explored coal deposits in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to determine maceral, mineralogical, and elemental compositions of coal samples picked up from one borehole (DK-7) drilled at the northern part of the deposit. The coal samples display moderate to high ash yield (average 38.7%, on dry basis), high volatile matter yield (average 33.9%, on dry basis), high total sulfur (average 6.7%, on dry basis) and low hydrogen contents (average 4.8%, dry basis). Huminite is dominant, and liptinite and inertinite appear at low concentrations. The bulk coal samples contain mainly quartz, clay minerals (mainly illite and chlorite), muscovite, feldspars, carbonates (calcite and aragonite), and rarely pyrite and gypsum/bassanite. The maceral and mineralogical compositions point to mesotrophic and rheotrophic conditions during peat accumulation; nevertheless, the inorganic intercalations show that peat formation was ceased several times. The petrographical and mineralogical compositions of coal seams in northern and eastern parts of the deposit could imply vegetation and water chemistry differences.
    [Show full text]