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Chemical and Physical Structural Studies on Two Inertinite-Rich Lump
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INERTINITE-RICH LUMP COALS. Nandi Malumbazo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 2011 DECLARATION I, Nandi Malumbazo, declare that the thesis entitled: “CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INER- TINITE-RICH LUMP COALS” is my own work and that all sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and ac- knowledged by means of references. Signature: ……………………………………………………………….. Date:………………………………………………………………………… Page i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Two Highveld inertinite-rich lump coals were utilized as feed coal samples in order to study their physical, chemical structural and petrographic variations during heat treat- ment in a packed-bed reactor unit combustor. The two feed lump coals were selected as it is claimed that Coal B converts at a slower rate in a commercial coal conversion process when compared to Coal A. The reason for this requires detailed investigation. Chemical structural variations were determined by proximate and coal char CO2 reactiv- ity analysis. Physical structural variations were determined by FTIR, BET adsorption methods, XRD and 13C Solid state NMR analysis. Carbon particle type analysis was con- ducted to determine the petrographic constituents of the reactor generated samples, their maceral associations (microlithotype), and char morphology. This analysis was undertaken with the intention of tracking the carbon conversion and char formation and consumption behaviour of the two coal samples within the reactor. Proximate analysis revealed that Coal A released 10 % more of its volatile matter through the reactor compared to Coal B. -
Investigation of the Gasification Performance of Lignite Feedstock and the Injection Design of an E-Gas Like Gasifier
Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, October 15 - 18, 2012 Investigation of the Gasification Performance of Lignite Feedstock and the Injection Design of an E-Gas like Gasifier Yan-Tsan Luan and Yau-Pin Chyou* Ting Wang Chemistry Division Energy Conversion & Conservation Center Institute of Nuclear Energy Research University of New Orleans Atomic Energy Council New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA Longtan, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.) ABSTRACT CO2 capture among the four reference power plants: coal In the last three years, the Institute of Nuclear Energy combustion, integrated gasification combine cycle (IGCC), Research (INER) has been developing the E-GAS gasification oxy-combustion, and natural-gas combustion. In the second numerical model and analyzing the gasification performance column, coal pre-combustion carbon capture has the lowest by conducting several parametric studies. A preliminary cost of CO2 avoided, which makes it more competitive and a numerical model considering coal particles tracking, two-step welcoming choice when it comes to low-carbon electricity volatiles thermal cracking, and nine chemical reactions has generation. With its inherence of low emissions and cost been established. In last year’s results, the single lateral including CCS, IGCC has the potential to replace traditional injector design in the 2nd stage of E-GAS gasifier is found PC plants. Therefore, conducting research in coal gasification non-ideal for the gasificaiton process. Therefore, one of the and CO2 capture technology to improve its availability, objectives in this study is to modify the 2nd stage injection increase its efficiency, and reduce the cost is essential for and investigate its effect on gasification performance. -
Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan I
Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan i ii Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume is based on papers presented at the two-day national conference on the topical and vital theme of Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan held on May 15-16, 2013 at Islamabad Hotel, Islamabad. The Conference was jointly organised by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and the Hanns Seidel Foundation, (HSF) Islamabad. The organisers of the Conference are especially thankful to Mr. Kristof W. Duwaerts, Country Representative, HSF, Islamabad, for his co-operation and sharing the financial expense of the Conference. For the papers presented in this volume, we are grateful to all participants, as well as the chairpersons of the different sessions, who took time out from their busy schedules to preside over the proceedings. We are also thankful to the scholars, students and professionals who accepted our invitation to participate in the Conference. All members of IPRI staff — Amjad Saleem, Shazad Ahmad, Noreen Hameed, Shazia Khurshid, and Muhammad Iqbal — worked as a team to make this Conference a success. Saira Rehman, Assistant Editor, IPRI did well as stage secretary. All efforts were made to make the Conference as productive and result oriented as possible. However, if there were areas left wanting in some respect the Conference management owns responsibility for that. iv Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank Bcf Billion Cubic Feet BCMA -
The Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette
The Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette From the late I 880s until the I 930s, Lafayette was a major coal town. Read the history of the coal mining era, examine the location of coal mines within the Lafayette area, and enjoy historic photos of the Waneka Lake Power Plant and the Simpson Mine with the attached Coal Mines of the Lafaveti’e Area brochure. This brochure was created by the Lafayette Historic Preservation board, and it highlights the fascinating Coal Mining Heritage of Lafayette. oft/ic — • Coal Mines Lafayette Area page 1 • Coal Mines of the Lafayette Area - page 2 • Coal Mines f the Lfa)’ette Area — map ____________________________ Historic Preservation Board, City of Lafayette, Colorado The social legacy. The social legacy of mining is equally important to contemporary Lafayette The mines required far more labor than was available locally and quickly attracted experienced miners and laborers from Europe and other parts of the U.S. The result was a community comprised of many ethnic groups, including Welsh, English. Scottish, Irish, central European, Hispanic, Italian, and Swedish workers and their families. Local farmers and ranchers also shared in the coal boom and worked as miners in the winter when coal production was high and agricultural work slow. A sense of this ethnic diversity can be gained by walking through the Lafayette cemetery at Baseline and 111th Street. The variety of family names gives a sense of the many nationalities that have contributed to Lafayette’s history. Although the mining life was hard, families were fun-loving and many social activities centered around schools and churches. -
Voice 2012 01Febmar.Pdf
AppalachianThe February / March 2012 VOICE Forty years ago, a wave of coal slurry swept away Then communities along Buffalo Creek, killing 125. Some problems from our past have improved — others & Now seem stuck in time. Have we learned our lesson? ALSO INSIDE: The Habits of Hibernating Bears • Georgia’s Historic Blood Mountain • Standing Up for Clean Water TheAppalachian VOICE Yesterday and Today: Defending the Clean Water Act A publication of A Note From Our Executive Director By Jamie Goodman AppalachianVoices TOP: Councilmen from Cleveland, Forty years ago, it took a Ohio, examine a white cloth that came 191 Howard Street • Boone, NC 28607 There’s a common saying in Appalachia: what we do to the land, 1-877-APP-VOICE flaming river to spur our nation up dripping with oil after being dipped we do to the people. www.AppalachianVoices.org to protect its waterways. in the Cuyahoga River in 1964. The [email protected] What the coal industry is doing to the citizens in our region is river notoriously caught fire in June The river that played a promi- unforgivable. In the last several years, 21 peer-reviewed studies have 1969, bringing it national attention nent role in the creation of the EDITOR ....................................................... Jamie Goodman confirmed the worst of our fears -- that mountaintop removal coal min- and leading to renewed efforts toward MANAGING EDITOR ........................................... Brian Sewell Clean Water Act and the Envi- ing is destroying not only the land, but also the people of Appalachia. improving water quality (Photo ASSOCIATE EDITOR ............................................Molly Moore ronmental Protection Agency is by Jerry Horton). -
References for Chapters 7-9, 11
REFERENCES Adams, L.M., J.P. Capp and D.W. Gillmore. 1972. Coal mine spoil and refuse bank reclamation. In: Third Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium. Chicago, IL. Adriano, D.C., A.L. Page, A.A. Elseewi, A.C. Chang, and I. Straughan. 1980. Utilization and disposal of fly ash and other coal residues in terrestrial ecosystems: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality. 9:333-344. Adriano, D.C., T.A. Woodford and T.G. Ciravolo. 1978. Growth and elemental composition of corn and bean seedlings as influenced by soil application of coal ash. Journal of Environmental Quality. 7:416-421. Allison, J.D., D.S. Brown and K.J. Novo-Gradac. 1992. MINTEQA2, Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems. Version 3, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arndt, H.H. 1971. Geological Map of the Mount Carmel Quadrangle. Columbia, Northumberland and Schuylkill Counties, Pennsylvania. Map GQ-919. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey. Ash, S.H. and W.L. Eaton. 1947. Barrier pillars in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. Am. Inst. Min. and Met. Eng. Tech. Pub. 2289. 20pp. Ash, S.H. 1950a. Buried valley of the Susquehanna River. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 494, 27 pp. Ash, S.H. 1950b. Data on pumping at the Anthracite mines of Pennsylvania. U.S. Bureau of Mines R.I. 4700, 264 pp. Ash, S.H., E.W. Felegy, D.O. Kennedy and P.S. Miller. 1951. Acid-Mine-Drainage Problems. Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 508, 72 pp. Ash, S.H., B.S. Davies, H.E. -
Endangered Species Act Section 7 Consultation Final Programmatic
Endangered Species Act Section 7 Consultation Final Programmatic Biological Opinion and Conference Opinion on the United States Department of the Interior Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement’s Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act Title V Regulatory Program U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Program Division of Environmental Review Falls Church, Virginia October 16, 2020 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................3 2 Consultation History .........................................................................................................4 3 Background .......................................................................................................................5 4 Description of the Action ...................................................................................................7 The Mining Process .............................................................................................................. 8 4.1.1 Exploration ........................................................................................................................ 8 4.1.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Controls .................................................................................. 9 4.1.3 Clearing and Grubbing ....................................................................................................... 9 4.1.4 Excavation of Overburden and Coal ................................................................................ -
COAL CONFERENCE University of Pittsburgh · Swanson School of Engineering ABSTRACTS BOOKLET
Thirty-Fifth Annual INTERNATIONAL PITTSBURGH COAL CONFERENCE University of Pittsburgh · Swanson School of Engineering ABSTRACTS BOOKLET Clean Coal-based Energy/Fuels and the Environment October 15-18, 2018 New Century Grand Hotel Xuzhou Hosted by: The conference acknowledges the support of Co-hosted by: K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong A NOTE TO THE READER This Abstracts Booklet is prepared solely as a convenient reference for the Conference participants. Abstracts are arranged in a numerical order of the oral and poster sessions as published in the Final Conference Program. In order to facilitate the task for the reader to locate a specific abstract in a given session, each paper is given two numbers: the first designates the session number and the second represents the paper number in that session. For example, Paper No. 25.1 is the first paper to be presented in the Oral Session #25. Similarly, Paper No. P3.1 is the first paper to appear in the Poster Session #3. It should be cautioned that this Abstracts Booklet is prepared based on the original abstracts that were submitted, unless the author noted an abstract change. The contents of the Booklet do not reflect late changes made by the authors for their presentations at the Conference. The reader should consult the Final Conference Program for any such changes. Furthermore, updated and detailed full manuscripts, published in the Conference Proceedings, will be sent to all registered participants following the Conference. On behalf of the Thirty-Fifth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, we wish to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to Ms. -
Recommendation of the Council on Coal and the Environment 8
Recommendation of the Council on Coal and the Environment 8 OECD Legal Instruments This document is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. It reproduces an OECD Legal Instrument and may contain additional material. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in the additional material do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD Member countries. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. For access to the official and upto-date texts of OECD Legal Instruments, as well as other related information, please consult the Compendium of OECD Legal Instruments at http://legalinstruments.oecd.org. Please cite this document as: OECD, Recommendation of the Council on Coal and the Environment, OECD/LEGAL/0173 Series: OECD Legal Instruments © OECD 2021 This document is provided free of charge. It may be reproduced and distributed free of charge without requiring any further permissions, as long as it is not altered in any way. It may not be sold. This document is available in the two OECD official languages (English and French). It may be translated into other languages, as long as the translation is labelled "unofficial translation" and includes the following disclaimer: "This translation has been prepared by [NAME OF TRANSLATION AUTHOR] for informational purpose only and its accuracy cannot be guaranteed by the OECD. The only official versions are the English and French texts available on the OECD website http://legalinstruments.oecd.org" _____________________________________________________________________________________________OECD/LEGAL/0173 3 Background Information The Recommendation on Coal and the Environment was adopted by the OECD Council on 8 May 1979 on the proposal of the Environment Committee (now called Environment Policy Committee). -
Duke University Dissertation Template
Redistributing Risk: the Political Ecology of Coal in Late-Twentieth Century Appalachia by Jonathon M. Free Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Lori Snyder Bennear ___________________________ Robert Rodgers Korstad ___________________________ Gunther Peck Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 i v ABSTRACT Redistributing Risk: The Political Ecology of Coal in Late Twentieth-Century Appalachia by Jonathon M. Free Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy MacLean, Supervisor ___________________________ Edward J. Balleisen ___________________________ Lori Snyder Bennear ___________________________ Robert Rodgers Korstad ___________________________ Gunther Peck An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Copyright by Jonathon M. Free 2016 Abstract “Redistributing Risk” explains how coal, which powered the industrial revolution, continued to be a linchpin of U.S. energy production long into the post-industrial era. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, coal fueled everything from railroad engines to the foundries that forged the steel on which they rode. But the market for coal dwindled during the middle of the twentieth century, and by the 1960s many Americans viewed it as a relic of a dirty and dangerous industrial past. Surprisingly, the industry rebounded during the 1970s, when concerns about energy supplies pushed policymakers and electricity producers to renew the nation’s reliance on coal. -
Coal Mining in Newcastle, 1801-1900
COAL MINING IN NEWCASTLE, 1801-1900 by J.W. TURNER Newcastle History Monographs No.9 NEWCASTLE REGIO"\J PUBLIC LIBRARY THE COU;-.JCIL OF THE CITY OF NEWCASTLE. EW SOUTH WALES. AUSTRALIA 19B2 TURNER. John Wi lliam. 1933- Coal min mg m Newcastle. 1801 -1900. Newcastle. Newcastle Region Public Library. 1982. 179 pp .. illus .. maps, 23cm. (Newcastle history monographs. no.9) Ser ISBN 0 9599385 9 I Newcastle Region Public Library Coal mining - Newcastle Coal District Coal mines - Newcastle Coal District Australian Agri cultural Company The Author J W. Turner. M.A. Ph.D. Dip Ed .. 1s Senior Lecturer in the Department of Community Programmes. University of Newcastle. and is one of the editors of this series. He 1s the author of three earlier items m this series and various articles relating to the history o f Newcastle. In 1977 he submitted a Ph D thesis entitled Coalmining and Manufacturing in Newcastle. I 797 -1900, on which this and monograph no.8 are based ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When in 1962. I began the study that led eventually to this book. the University of Sydney was my employer and I will always be grateful for the opportunities it provided for historical research. However. from 1972 it was the support of the University of Newcastle that made possible the completion of the work. Professor A G. L. Shaw gave generous encouragement over the years ancl Professor R. A. Gollan's 'The Coa l miners of ew South Wales· contributed greatly to my understanding of the coal industry. Inspiration came. too. from Professor G. N . -
Coal Resources of the United States, January 1, 1974
Coal Resources of the - United States, " January 1,1 * GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1412 > Coal Resources of the ' - % United States,y January 1,1974 By PAUL AVERITT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1412 <- /4 summary of information concerning the quantity and distribution of coal in the United States. Supersedes Bulletin 1275 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1975 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Averitt, Paul, 1908- Coal resources of the United States, January 1, 1974. (Geological Survey Bulletin 1412) "Supersedes Bulletin 1275." Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt.ofDocs.no.: 119.3:1412 1. Coal-United States. I. Title. II. Series: United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1412. QE75.B9 No. 1412 [TN805.A5] 557.3'08s [553'.2'0973] 75-619188 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02703-8 CONTENTS Page Abstract........................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 2 Conversion to metric system ................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................... 4 Distribution of coal in the United States......................................................................