Neotropical Tineidae, Vi: Prosetomorpha Falcata, A
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30 April 1996 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOc. WASH. 98(2), 1996, pp. 173-187 NEOTROPICAL TINEIDAE, VI: PROSETOMORPHA FALCATA, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SETOMORPHINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: TINEOIDEA) FROM COLOMBIA ASSOCIATED WITH CURCULIONID GALLERIES IN STEMS OF SOLANUM DONALD R. DAVIS Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-127, Smith sonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 U.S.A. Abstract.-Adult and immature stages of Prosetomorpha jalcata, a new genus and species of tineid moth from Colombia, are described and illustrated. Prosetomorpha is remarkable in being the most plesiomorphic setomorphine tineid discovered, as evidenced by the five-segmented maxillary pal pi, moderately well developed haustellum, mandibles vestigial but distinct, female with signum present, and larva with six pairs of stemmata. Synapomorphies shared with other Setomorphinae include similar semi-appressed head vestiture, annulate but completely fused, eighth abdominal tergostemum in the male, mem branous eighth abdominal segment without rami in the female, and larvae with unidentate mandibles. The larva is believed to be primarily a scavenger within the bUlTows of a curculionid weevil, Faustinus apicalis (Faust), that bores in the stems of Solanum qui toensis var. quitoensis Lamarck and S. quitoensis var. septentrionale R. E. Schultes. A braconid parasitoid, Promicrogaster sp., has been reared from burrows occupied by Pro setomorpha. Key Words: Tineidae, Setomorphinae, Prosetomorpha, immatures, scavenger, host rec ord, Solanum, Curculionidae, Faustinus, Neotropical In the course of their investigations on Morphological compruisons of the larva, the insect pests of Solanum quitoensis La pupa, and adult reveal that Prosetomorpha marck, known locally as "Iulo" or "nar is a member of the Setomorphinae, a small, anj illo," entomologists at the Instituto Col mostly neotropical subfamily, previously ombiano Agropecuario (lCA) of Bogota, represented by two genera (Setomorpha, Colombia, have reared a previously un Lindera) and approximately eight species known, stem-boring setomorphine moth, (Robinson and Nielsen 1993). Prosetomor Prosetomorpha Jalcata. The larva was pha is of phylogenetic interest in being the found frequently in association with larvae most plesiomorphic member of the subfam of the stem-boring weevil, Faustinus api ily, as evidenced by the five-segmented calis (Faust). Considering what is known of maxillary palpi (Figs. 13, 14), relatively the larval biology of other Setomorphinae (Hinton 1956, Gozmany and Vari 1973, well developed haustellum, mandibular ves Zimmerman 1978, Robinson and Nielsen tiges distinct, female with signum present 1993), the new species probably feeds pri (Figs. 24, 25), and larva with six pairs of marily as a scavenger within the tunnels of stemmata (Figs. 35, 55). The discovery of the weevil. Observations indicate, however, Prosetomorpha consequently broadens our that living plant tissue is also consumed. definition of the subfamily, which previ 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOLUME 98 , ously had been characterized in part by of maxillary pal pus. Maxillary palpus 5 moths with more reduced mouthparts and segmented, with ratios from base = 0.2: by larvae lacking stemmata (Hinton 1956, 0.18: 0.18: I: 0.33. Labial palpus 3-seg Zimmerman 1978, Robinson and Nielsen mented; ratios from base = 0.43: I: 0.88; 1993). Synapomorphies shared with other segment II smooth dorsally and laterally, Setomorphinae include si mi lar semi-ap with rough, triangular tuft ve nL raliy; bris Lles pressed head vestiture (Figs. 3, 4), slender absent; segment III entirel y smooth, de annulate eighth abdominal sclerite with pressed. stout projections directed anteriorly in the Thorax: Metafurcasternum (Fi gs. 16, 17) male (Fig. 19), membranous eighth abdom with anteromedial process (APM) elongate, inal segment without rami in the female slender, with a pair of fu rcal ap physes (Fig. 24), and larva with unidentate man (FA) directed sharply anlerio rl y; furcal dibles (Fig. 56). In addition to retaining the ridge continues caudall y and terminates as plesiomorphies listed above, Prosetomor a pair of rounded lobes arising inside lam pha differs most notably from Lindera and ina of secondary furcal arms (LSF). Fore Setomorpha by the presence of I and Y2 an wing (Fig. 15) falcate, abruptly indented nuli of flagellar scales (a basal, dorsally ab between apex and M I ; R 5-branched; R4 breviated row and an entire distal annulus and 5 stalked half th ir I ngth; R5 termi (Figs. 5, 6), falcate forewings, and a com nating before apex; all 3 branches of M sep pletely fused, eighth abdominal tergosternal arate; euA I and 2 arising approximate; A I ring in the male. In other Setomorphinae and 2 fused except for fork at basal third; the adults possess a single annulus of fla accessory cell present; base of media usu gellar scales, the forewings terminate in a ally not evident within discal cell; retinac simple rounded apex, and the eighth ab ulum of male a tightly curled flap (Figs. 9, dominal sclerite of the male is interrupted 10). Hindwi.lg with all veins arising sepa dorsally. rate; M 3-branched : base of media divided within cel!; male with a single stout frenu Prosetomorpha Davis, NEW GENUS lum; female with 2 smaller frenular br istl es. Type species.- Prosetomorpha falcata, Foreleg (Fig. I 1, 12, 18) with epiphysi. ca. new species. 0.5 the length of shorten d ti bia, the latter Adult.-Moderately large moths with equal in length to tarsomere I. Ti bial purs falcate forewings; length of forewing = = 0-2-4. Apices of a ll ti biae and tarso 8.5-13 mm. meres with 3 stout, spiniform setae (Fig. Head (Figs. 3, 4, 13, 14): Vertex mod 11) . erately rough with lateral tufts converging Abdomen (Fig. 19): Sternal apophyses mesally over occiput and projecting anteri slender, ca. half the length of S2. Eighth orly between antennae over frons; scales segment of male with a slender, scleroliz d slender with bidentate apices. Frons rela ring completely encircling segment; a pair tively smooth, scales directed mesally. An of slender projections arising laterally from tenna simple in both sexes; length ca. 113 of ring; T7 reduced, triangu lar. A pair of non forewing; scape cylinrical, without pecten; retractible coremata arising ventrally from Figs. 1- 6. mm. J, Head flagellum (Figs. 5, 6) with two rows of slen S8 of male. Corethrogyne of female con showing two der scales per segment dorsally, with only sisting of a dense ring of elongate, straight row of scal c ~ the distal row forming a complete ring. Pil setae. scale for all ~ ifers well developed, densely setose. Man Male genitalia: Tegumen reduced to a dibles (Fig. J3) present but vestigial, narrow dorsal ring. Vinculum similar to and equalling apical segment of maxillary pal contiuous with tegumen as a narrow ventral pus in length. Haustellum moderately de ring; saccus short, ca. 0.14 the length of veloped (Fig. 14), slightly exceeding length valva, compressed. Valva long, ca. 1.3 X the : WAS HI NGTO VOLUME 98, NUMB R 2 175 ary palpus 5 1 base = 0.2: palpus 3-seg 0.43: I: 0.88; and lat rail y, nll'ally ; bristles f smooth, de ~ (Figs. 16. 17) lPM) elongate, 'cal apophyses !riorly ; fu rcal I terminates as 2 ng inside lam s (LSF). Fore uptly indented -branched; R4 glh; RS termi Ichc s of M sep lproxim ate; A l at basal third: of media usu II cell; reti nac d flap (Figs. 9, S ilrising sepa media divided ~ Ie stout fren u 'cnular bristles. h epiphysis ca. libia. the latter I. Tibial spurs liac and tarso nll setae (Fig. 'nal apophyses of S2. E ig hth der, sclerotized egment; a pair ~ latl:rally from A pair of non ve ntrally from Figs. 1-6. Proselomorpha jlilcaia. I, Adult male, forewing length 10.6 mm. 2, Female, forew ing length 14 mm. 3, Head, lateral view (0.75 mm). 4, Anterior view of Fig. 3. 5, Lateral view of antenna at Jistal third Dr female con showing two dor,,~1 rows of scales (annuli; 100 fJ.m). 6, Ventral view of Fig. 5 showing continuation of distal ngate, straight row of scales and position of sensilla coeloconicum (see arrow; 100 fJ.m ). (Scale lengths in parentheses; bar scale for a ll photographs = ("ig. 3.) 1 reduced to a 1simi lar to and narrow v ntral the length of Ig. ca. 1.3 X the 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOLUME length ( ately bl tremely a small subrect,1 ca.2 X pIe, slig ly curvl absent. Fema te!lescop length ( physes broad; a ite (lam! mediatel vaginali: extendin broad, I elongate terior el corpus enlargec spinose Etym. rived fr combine plUi. ft . P. Male 10.1 ml buff to buff. AI paler ve ered wi t:: ked veIl of short sensilla pus cre; cream tc Figs. 7-12. ProselOmorpha j'afcalo, adult. 7 , Sensilla coeloconicum shown in Fig. 6 (5 fLm) , 8, Ventral [J irrom sensilla of antenna showing details of sensi lla chaetica (aITow) and sensilla auricillica (asterisk) (IS fLm). 9, brown, Male retinac ulum, ventral view, (120 fLm). 10, Distal view o f Fig. 9 (l00 fLm ), II, Foretibia with epiphysis and mostly apical spines (176 fLm ). 12, Detail of epiphysis s howing flat spines (comb; 6 fLm). (Scale lengths in parentheses; bar scale for all photographs = Fig. 7.) Forewitl Iy SpOll. cous SC Y OF WASHINGTON VOLUME 98, NUMBER 2 177 length of genital capsule; sacculus moder light to dark brown scales with suffusion of ately broad, gradually narrowing to ex cream around torn us. Hindwing uniformly tremely slender cucullus (Fig. 22), bealing fuscous except for streak of white along a small recurved spine at apex. Juxta a flat, costa, broadest at wing base and narrowing subrectangular, elongate plate, with length toward apex; fringe generally lighter in col ca.