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Maersk Oil Esia-16 Environmental and Social Impact Statement - Gorm Intended for Maersk Oil Document type Report Date August, 2015 MAERSK OIL ESIA-16 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT STATEMENT - GORM MAERSK OIL ESIA-16 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT STATEMENT - GORM Revision 4 Date 14-08-2015 Made by DMM, MIBR, HEH Checked by JLA, CFJ Approved by CFJ Description Environmental and Social Impact Statement – the GORM project Ref ROGC-S-RA-000228 Ramboll Hannemanns Allé 53 DK-2300 Copenhagen S Denmark T +45 5161 1000 F +45 5161 1001 www.ramboll.com Environmental and social impact statement - GORM CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 2. Legal Background 3 2.1 EU and national legislation 3 2.2 International conventions 4 2.3 Industry and national authority initiatives 5 3. Description of the project 6 3.1 Existing facilities 6 3.2 Planned activities 11 3.3 Accidental events 15 3.4 Project alternatives 15 4. Methodology 16 4.1 Rochdale envelope approach 16 4.2 Methodology for assessment of impacts 16 5. Environmental and social baseline 20 5.1 Climate and air quality 20 5.2 Bathymetry 20 5.3 Hydrographic conditions 21 5.4 Water quality 22 5.5 Sediment type and quality 23 5.6 Plankton 24 5.7 Benthic communities 25 5.8 Fish 26 5.9 Marine Mammals 30 5.10 Seabirds 32 5.11 Cultural heritage 34 5.12 Protected areas 34 5.13 Marine spatial use 35 5.14 Fishery 36 5.15 Tourism 38 5.16 Employment 38 5.17 Tax revenue 39 5.18 Oil and gas dependency 39 6. Impact assessment: Planned activities 40 6.1 Impact mechanisms and relevant receptors 40 6.2 Assessment of potential environmental impacts 43 6.3 Assessment of potential social impacts 65 6.4 Summary 69 7. Impact assessment: Accidental events 70 7.1 Impact mechanisms and relevant receptors 70 7.2 Assessment of potential environmental impacts 86 7.3 Assessment of potential social impacts 93 7.4 Summary 96 Environmental and social impact statement - GORM 8. Mitigating measures 97 8.1 Mitigating for planned activities 97 8.2 Mitigating of accidental events 98 9. Enviromental standards and procedures in Maersk Oil 99 9.1 Environmental management system 99 9.2 Environmental and social impact in project maturation 99 9.3 Demonstration of BAT/BEP 99 9.4 Oil spill contingency plan 100 9.5 Ongoing monitoring 101 10. Natura 2000 screening 102 10.1 Introduction 102 10.2 Designated species and habitats 102 10.3 Potential impacts 104 10.4 Screening 105 10.5 Conclusion 105 11. Transboundary impacts 106 11.1 Introduction 106 11.2 ESPOO convention 106 11.3 The GORM project 106 11.4 Identified impacts – planned activities 108 11.5 Identified impacts – accidental events 109 12. Lack of information and uncertainties 110 12.1 Project description 110 12.2 Environmental and social baseline 110 12.3 Impact assessment 110 13. References 112 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Technical sections Environmental and social impact statement - GORM LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Matrix for Maersk Oil ESIA-16, showing the 7 generic technical sections and the five ESIS........................................................................ 1 Figure 1-2 Project-specific environmental and social impact statement (ESIS) are prepared for the North Sea projects TYRA, HARALD, DAN, GORM and HALFDAN, respectively. ........................................................................... 2 Figure 3-1 Overview of existing facilities at the GORM project (not to scale). .. 6 Figure 3-2 The Gorm platform. ................................................................. 7 Figure 3-3 The Skjold platform. ................................................................ 8 Figure 3-4 Simplified diagram of the process at Gorm. ................................ 9 Figure 3-5 Maximum total expected production of oil, gas and water from the GORM project. Oil and water rate are provided as standard barrels per day, while the gas rate is provided as 1000 standard cubic feet of gas per day. The expected peak in 2031 is due to the possibility for production from a new area at Dagmar. ........................................................................................... 12 Figure 3-6 Volumes of discharged water and amount of oil discharged for the GORM project (based on minimum forecast of 10 mg/l and maximum forecast of 25 mg/l). .......................................................................................... 13 Figure 5-1 Bathymetry of the North Sea. Figure redrawn from Maersk Oil Atlas /3/. ...................................................................................................... 21 Figure 5-2 Left: General water circulation in the North Sea. The width of arrows is indicative of the magnitude of volume transport /10/. Right: Potential for hydrographic fronts in the North Sea /10//2/. ....................................... 22 Figure 5-3 Seabed sediments in the North Sea. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. .............................................................................................. 23 Figure 5-4 Phytoplankton colour index (PCI) for the North Sea. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. ....................................................................... 24 Figure 5-5 Assemblages of the benthic fauna in the North Sea. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. ....................................................................... 26 Figure 5-6 Spawning grounds for cod, whiting, mackerel and plaice in the North Sea. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. ................................. 29 Figure 5-7 Distribution of harbour porpoise in the North Sea. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. ....................................................................... 31 Figure 5-8 Protected areas. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. .......... 34 Figure 5-9 Ship traffic and infrastructure in 2012. Figure redrawn from North Sea Atlas /3/. Ship traffic is based on all ships fitted with AIS system i.e. ships of more than 300 gross tonnage engaged on international voyages, and cargo ships of more than 500 gross tonnage not engaged on international voyages and all passengers ships irrespective of size. Missing data in the middle of the North Sea is due to poor AIS receiving coverage and not lack of ships. Germany does not participate in the North Sea AIS data sharing program. ... 36 Figure 5-10 Employment per sector in Denmark in 2013 /39/. ..................... 38 Figure 6-1 Forecast for discharged water (stb/day) at the GORM project. Based on experience from previous years, the content of oil is expected to be on average 10 mg/l, while maximum concentrations of up to 25 mg/l may occur. ........................................................................................................... 47 Figure 6-2 Sedimentation of discharged water based drilling mud modelled for a typical well /1/. ................................................................................... 50 Figure 6-3 Sedimentation of water based drill cuttings modelled for a typical well /1/. ............................................................................................... 51 Figure 7-1 Minor accidental oil, diesel and chemical spills from Maersk Oil platforms in the North Sea /144/. ............................................................ 72 Environmental and social impact statement - GORM Figure 7-2 Probability that a surface a 1 km2 cell could be impacted by oil in case of full pipeline rupture /137/. ........................................................... 73 Figure 7-3 Location of two Maersk Oil modelled wells, for which oil spill modelling has been undertaken. .............................................................. 75 Figure 7-4 Probability that a surface a 1 km2 cell could be impacted in Scenario 1 (sub-surface blowout between June and November, upper plot) and Scenario 2 (sub-surface blowout between December and May, lower plot) /5//25/. ..... 77 Figure 7-5 Probability that a water column cell could be impacted in Scenario 1 (sub-surface blowout between June and November, upper plot) and Scenario 2 (sub-surface blowout between December and May, lower plot) /5//25/. ....... 78 Figure 7-6 Probability that a shoreline cell could be impacted in Scenario 1 (sub-surface blowout between June and November, upper plot) and Scenario 2 (sub-surface blowout between December and May, lower plot) /5//25/. ....... 79 Figure 7-7 Maximum time-averaged total oil concentration for the two scenarios. Upper plot: June-November, Lower plot: December May /5/. Note that the images does not show actual footprint of an oil spill but a statistical picture based on 168/167 independently simulated trajectories. .................. 80 Figure 7-8 Probability that a surface a 1km cell could be impacted. Note than no surface oiling is probable, when threshold of 1 MT/km2 is applied/26//27/. ........................................................................................................... 82 Figure 7-9 Probability that a water column grid cell could be impacted/26//27/. ........................................................................................................... 83 Figure 7-10 Probability of shoreline grid cells being impacted by oil/26//27/. 84 Figure 7-11 Maximum time-averaged total oil concentration in water column cells/26//27/. ........................................................................................ 85 Figure 9-1 Illustration of best available technique. ..................................... 99 Figure 9-2 Acoustic monitoring of marine mammals (Photo: Aarhus University, DCE). ................................................................................................
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