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Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment, May 2007

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Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment, May 2007 Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment for the Proposed Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) at Haleakalā High Altitude Observatories Papa‘anui Ahupua‘a, Makawao District, Island of Maui TMK: (2) 2-2-07:008 Prepared for KC Environmental and The National Science Foundation (NSF) Prepared by Colleen Dagan, B.S. Robert Hill B.A. Tanya L. Lee-Greig, M.A. and Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. Wailuku, Hawai‘i (Job Code: HALEA 2) May 2007 O‘ahu Office Maui Office Kailua, Hawai‘i 96734 16 S. Market Street, Suite 2N Ph.: (808) 262-9972 www.culturalsurveys.com Wailuku, Hawai‘i 96793 Fax: (808) 262-4950 Ph: (808) 242-9882 Fax: (808) 244-1994 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2 Management Summary Management Summary Report Reference Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment for the Proposed Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) at Haleakalā High Altitude Observatories Papa‘anui Ahupua‘a, Makawao District, Island of Maui TMK: (2) 2-2-07:008 (Dagan et al. 2007) Date May 2007 Project Number CSH Job Code: HALEA 2 Project Location Overall Location: Pu‘u Kolekole, Haleakalā High Altitude Observatories (TMK [2] 2-2-07:008), as depicted on the USGS 7.5 minute Topographic Survey Map, Portions of Kilohana Quadrangle and Lualailua Hills Quadrangle. Preferred ATST Site Location: Mees Solar Observatory Facility Alternate ATST Site Location: Reber Circle Land Jurisdiction State of Hawai‘i Agencies National Science Foundation (NSF) – Proposing Agency Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) – Proposing Agency University of Hawai‘i Institute for Astronomy (UH IfA) – Managing Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Federal Reviewing Agency U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services (USFW) – Federal Reviewing Agency Department of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR/SHPD) – State Reviewing Agency State of Hawai‘i Office of Planning – State Reviewing Agency Project Description The National Science Foundation is proposing to build the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) at the 18.166-acre Haleakalā High Altitude Observatories. Project Acreage 0.60-acres Region of Influence The area of direct affect is considered as the 0.60-acre site for the potential (ROI) construction of the ATST. When contemplating both direct and indirect effects on the cultural and historic resources the ROI for this undertaking is defined as the entire summit area of Haleakalā. Project As a federally funded project on state lands, this undertaking is subject to Environmental both Federal and State of Hawai‘i Environmental Regulations. With regard to Regulatory Context Federal regulations, this undertaking is subject to the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) 40 Code of Federal Regulation [CFR} Part 1500- 1508, as well as the National Science Foundation’s NEPA-implementing regulations 45 CFR Part 640. With regard to State of Hawai‘i Environmental Regulations, this undertaking is subject to Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) Title 11 Chapter 200-4(a) and Chapter 343 of the Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS). Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced Technology Solar i Telescope (ATST) at Haleakalā High Altitude Observatories TMK (2) 2-2-07:008 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2 Management Summary Consultation Results Based on the information gathered during the course of this study and and Cultural Impact presented in this report, the overwhelming evidence, from a cultural and Recommendation traditional standpoint, points toward a significant adverse impact on Native Hawaiian traditional cultural practices and beliefs. This determination of significant adverse impact would apply to both the preferred Mees Location and the alternative Reber Circle location. To the majority of Native Hawaiians and non-Hawaiians who participated in the scoping, public comment, and overall Section 106 process, the proposed undertaking is unmitigable and therefore, following the “No Action” alternative and keeping both the Mees site and Reber Circle site in their current undeveloped state was strongly recommended. In the event that the proposed undertaking is approved and funding secured, it is highly recommended that more time for mitigative proposals be allotted and the development of working relationships with Native Hawaiian groups be actively pursued. As Haleakalā plays a central role in the history and culture of Maui Island kanaka maoli it is imperative that there be open lines of communication and that every effort is made to hear, understand, and respect the cultural concerns and beliefs of the community during the course of project construction, as well as throughout the operational time span of the facility itself. Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced Technology Solar ii Telescope (ATST) at Haleakalā High Altitude TMK (2) 2-2-07:008 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2 Table of Contents Management Summary ............................................................................................................ i Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................1 1.2 SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................................1 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING............................................................................................................2 1.3.1 Natural Setting........................................................................................................................2 1.3.2 Built Setting............................................................................................................................5 Section 2 Methods .................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH ...........................................................................................................6 2.2 COMMMUNITY CONSULTATION .....................................................................................................6 Section 3 Traditional and Historic Background ................................................................... 7 3.1 TRADITIONAL ACCOUNTS OF HALEAKALĀ....................................................................................9 3.1.1 Legends of the Demi-god Māui as Related to Haleakalā......................................................14 3.1.1.1 A Description of the Demi-god Māui by Kalakaua (1888) ............................................................................ 14 3.1.1.2 Stories Collected by Taylor (1870) ................................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1.3 Legends Collected by Fornander (1919) ........................................................................................................ 16 3.1.2 Legends of the Goddess Pele as Related to Haleakalā .........................................................17 3.1.2.1 The Arrival of Pele in Hawai‘i by Kalakaua (1888)....................................................................................... 17 3.1.2.2 Pele Legends Collected by Fornander (1919) ................................................................................................ 18 3.1.2.3 Pele Legends Collected by Westervelt (1916) ............................................................................................... 18 3.1.2.4 A Description of the Powers of Pele by William Ellis (1826)........................................................................ 18 3.1.2.5 A Description of Pele’s Journey to Hawai‘i by Forbes .................................................................................. 21 3.1.3 Other Traditional Descriptions of Haleakalā ........................................................................21 3.1.3.1 A Description of the ‘Ua‘u Bird in Kalakaua (1888) ..................................................................................... 22 3.1.3.2 Haleakalā in Mele [music] and Oli [chants]................................................................................................... 24 3.2 PRE-CONTACT SETTING ...............................................................................................................24 3.3 EARLY HISTORIC ERA TO THE LATE-1800’S................................................................................25 3.3.1 An Expedition by Missionaries William Richards, Lorrin Andrews and Jonathan S. Green to the Summit of Haleakalā (1828).....................................................................................................25 3.3.2 The U.S. Navy Exploration of Haleakalā by Cmdr. Charles Wilkes (1841) ........................27 3.3.3 Government Survey of Haleakalā by William DeWitt Alexander (1869)............................28 3.3.4 An Ascent of Haleakalā by C.F. Gordon Cumming (1881)..................................................29 3.3.5 U.S. Geological Survey of Haleakalā by Clarence E. Dutton (1883)...................................30 3.4 THE PROJECT AREA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY .....................................................................32 3.4.1 Geological Survey by Harold T. Stearns (1942)...................................................................32 3.4.2
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