The Mythology of All Races

NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 06818632 3 º º: º y 7 2 X \s N & V * c – f | \ ANNEX ra ZIG Mylocy co . il THE MYTHOLOGY OF ALL RACES Volume IX OCEANIC VOLUME I . Greek and Roman WILLIAM SHERWOOD Fox , Ph . D . , Princeton University . VOLUME II . Teutonic AXEL OLRIK , Ph . D . , University of Copenhagen . VOLUME III . Celtic , Slavic CANON JOHN A . MACCULLOCH , D . D . , Bridge of Allan , Scotland . JAN MÁCHAL , Ph . D . , Bohemian University , Prague . VOLUME IV . Finno - Ugric , Siberian UNO HOLMBERG , Ph . D . , University of Finland , Helsingfors . VOLUME V . Semitic R . CAMPBELL THOMPSON , M . A . , F . S . A . , F . R . G . S . , Oxford . VOLUME VI . Indian , Iranian A . BERRIEDALE KEITA , D . C . L . , Edinburgh University . ALBERT J . CARNOY , Ph . D . , University of Louvain . VOLUME VII . Armenian , African MARDIROS ANANIKIAN , B . D . , Kennedy School of Missions , Hart . ford , Connecticut . GEORGE FOUCART , Docteur ès Lettres , French Institute of Oriental Archæology , Cairo . VOLUME VIII . Chinese , Japanese U . HATTORI , Litt . D . , University of Tokyo . ( Japanese Exchange Professor at Harvard University , 1915 - 1916 ) ( Japanese MASAHURU Exchange ANESAKI Professor , Litt of .Harvard D . , University University of Tokyo, 1913 –. 1915 ) VOLUME IX . Oceanic ROLAND BURRAGE Doxon , Ph . D . , Harvard University . VOLUME X . American ( North of Mexico ) HARTLEY BURR ALEXANDER , Ph . D . , University of Nebraska . VOLUME XI . American ( Latin ) HARTLEY BURR ALEXANDER , Ph . D . , University of Nebraska . VOLUME XII . Egypt , Far East W . MAX MÖLLER , Ph . D . , University of Pennsylvania . SIR JAMES ) GEORGE SCOTT , K . C . I . E . , London . VOLUME XIII . Index PLATE I Image of Kuila - moku , one of the Hawaiian patron deities of medicine . Prayers and offerings were made to him by the Kahunas , or shamans , when trying to cure patients . Peabody Museum , Salem , Massachusetts . THE MYTHOLOGY OF ALL RACES IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES LOUIS HERBERT GRAY , A . M . , PH . D . , EDITOR GEORGE FOOT MOORE , A . M . , D . D . , LL . D . , CONSULTING EDITOR OCEANIC BY ROLAND B . DIXON , PH . D . PROFESSOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY HARVARD UNIVERSITY VOLUME IX edu BOSTON MARSHALL JONES COMPANY MDCCCC XVI TIF YFI TART PUBLIC LIBALY 956499A ATI wa TI . COPYRIGHT , 1916 By MARSHALL JONES COMPANY Entered at Stationers ' Hall , London All rights reseroed Printed September , 1916 tid bloc . inserire CC BY 268 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE , MASSACHUSETTS BOUND BY THE BOSTON BOOKBINDING COMPANY AUTHOR ' S PREFACE TN the following pages we shall seek to present an outline of the mythology of the Oceanic peoples . Although certain aspects of the mythic system of this area , as well as the myths of separate portions of it , have been treated by others , the present writer does not know of any recent endeavour to gather all available materials from the whole region , or to discuss the relationship of the mythologies of the various portions of Oceania to one another , and to the adjacent lands . The attempt has been made to go over all the myths of worth which have been published ; but it is not impossible that valuable and im portant material has been overlooked . Some omissions , how ever , have been due to circumstances beyond control . A num ber of volumes containing material , probably of considerable value , were not to be found in the libraries of the United States , and disturbances consequent upon the European War have made it impossible to secure them ; while other gaps are due to the author ' s insufficient knowledge of Malay languages , which prevented the use of some collections of tales , published without translations . The selection of the legends to be presented has offered con siderable difficulty , this being especially marked in the class of what may be denominated , for convenience , miscellaneous tales . No two persons would probably make the same choice , but it is believed that those which are here given serve as a fair sample of the various types and include those which are of widest interest and distribution . In the majority of cases the tales have been retold in our own words . For strictly scientific purposes exact reproductions of the originals would , of course , be required ; but the general purpose of this series , X487 AUTHOR ' S PREFACE and the limitations of space , have made this method impossi ble . References have in every case , however , been given ; so that those who wish to consult the fuller or original forms of the tales can do so easily . These references , and all notes , have been put into an Appendix at the end of the volume , thus leaving the pages unencumbered for those who wish only to get a general idea of the subject . The Bibliography has , with few exceptions , been restricted to the titles of original pub lications ; reprints and popular and semi - popular articles and volumes have been omitted . Every care has been taken to make the large number of references correct , though it is too much to hope that errors have not crept in . In the brief discussions at the end of each section , and again at the end of the volume , we have sought to draw conclusions in regard to the probable origin of some of the myths and to point out the evidences of transmission and historical contact which they show . Merely to present the tales without offering any suggestions as to how they had come to be what they are and where they are , seemed to fail of attaining the full purpose of this series . No one is more conscious than the author that the hypotheses offered will not meet with universal acceptance ; that they rest , in many cases , upon uncertain foundations ; and that , plausible as they may look today , they may be funda mentally modified by new material and further study . Should this essay only serve to stimulate interest in this field , and lead to greater activity in gathering new material while yet there is time , he will be quite content . ROLAND B . DIXON . HARVARD UNIVERSITY , June 1 , 1916 . CONTENTS PAGB AUTHOR ' S PREFACE . INTRODUCTION . Part I . POLYNESIA . Chapter I Myths of Origins and the Delug II The Maui Cycle . III Miscellaneous Tales . IV Summary . PART II . MELANESIA . IOI Chapter I Myths of Origins and the Deluge . 105 II Culture Hero Tales . 122 III Miscellaneous Tales . 130 IV Summary . 148 151 PART III . INDONESIA . Chapter I Myths of Origins and the Deluge . 155 II Trickster Tales . 186 III Miscellaneous Tales . 206 IV Summary . 240 PART IV . MICRONESIA . 245 Chapter I Myths of Origins and the Deluge . 248 II Miscellaneous Tales . · · · · · · 258 III Summary . 263 Part V . AUSTRALIA . 265 Chapter I Myths of Origins and the Deluge . 270 II Animal and Miscellaneous Tales . 288 11 Summary · · · · · · · · · · · · · 301 304 CONCLUSION . NOTES · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · BIBLIOGRAPHY . ILLUSTRATIONS FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE PLATE I Image of Kuila - Moku , Hawaii - Photogravure Frontispiece II Wooden Figure of Tangaroa Upao Vahu , Austral Island 5 III Carved Club Head , Marquesas Islands . 10 IV Wooden Figure of Taria - Nui , Rarotonga , Cook Islands V Carved End of Wooden Staff , Cook Islands . VI “ Hei - Tiki , ” Jadeite Amulet , New Zealand — Coloured VII Carved Wooden Figure , New Zealand . VIII Carved Wooden Panel , Mythological Subjects , New Zealand . IX Mythical Animal , Carved from Drift - Wood , Easter Island . : X Tapa Figure , Easter Island - Coloured . XI Monolithic Ancestral Image , Easter Island . XII Wood Carving , New Ireland — Coloured . 105 XIII Mask from Elema , British New Guinea - Coloured . XIV Ancestral Mask Made of a Skull , New Hebrides — Coloured . 125 XV Wooden Dance -Mask , New Ireland — Coloured . 138 XVI Wooden Ghost - Mask , Borneo — Coloured . 158 XVII Image of Bugan , the Sister - Wife of Wigan , Philippine Islands . 171 XVIII Dyak Drawing on Bamboo , Borneo . 183 XIX Ifugao Ancestral Image , Philippine Islands . 199 XX Wooden Ancestral Image , Nias Island . 220 XXI A . Native Carving Representing Mythological Sub jects , Pelew Islands . 250 B . Native Carving Representing Mythological Sub jects , Pelew Islands . 250 XXII Aboriginal Drawing of Totemic Being , Australia . 271 XXIII Native Drawing of an Evil Spirit , called Auuenau , Australia . 285 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FACING PAGE XXIV Wurruna Spearing Emus , Aboriginal Drawing , Aus - · tralia . 295 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT FIGURE PAGE i Native Drawing of a Sea - Spirit . 135 2 Native Drawing of a “ Dogai , " or Female Bogey . 142 3 Native Drawing of a “ Bunyip ” . 280 MAP FACING PAGE Oceania . 304 INTRODUCTION \ HE myths and tales in this volume have been gathered 1 from all parts of Oceania , and it may be wise , therefore , at the outset to indicate just what area is included in our sur vey ; to sketch very briefly the character of the peoples and the environment in which they live ; and to state the general plan and purpose of the book . The use of the term Oceania is , and has been , rather variable . By some it is taken to include only the smaller islands of the Pacific Ocean , comprised for the most part within the limits of Polynesia and Micronesia , while others extend the applica tion of the term so as to include also Melanesia as well as the whole group of the East Indies . In the present case it is this latter usage which is followed , and the great island - continent of Australia , together with its appendage of Tasmania , is fur ther added . Thus by Oceania will be meant all island areas , great or small , from Easter

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