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The Three Cutters

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The Three Cutters 1 The three Cutters door CAPTAIN MARRYAT 1). Introductie. Daar, met het oog op de talrijke zee- en scheepsterme n, die in The three Cutters voorkomen, aan de Redactie van „De Drie Talen" door eenige lezers het verzoek is gericht, om daarop aantee- keningen en verklaringen to geven, zal het niet onwelkom zijn, dat eenvoudiy .Enyelsch vooraf een enkel woord wordt gezegd over „schepenll in het algemeen. The class to which a vessel belongs is determined, chiefly, by the number of its masts, and the arrangement and form of its sails. One of the smallest ships seen on our coasts, is the Sloop. The sloop is distinguished from other ships by its having only one mast, and by its being 1.1;qt/eel fore and aft (Met voor- en achtertuig), that is to say, the sails are stretched in the direction of the stein (voorsteven) and the stern (achtersteven), and are not spread on yards (raas) across the vessel. A ship whose sails stand across the hull (dwars over den romp) is said to be square-rigged (razeilen voerend). Sometimes the sloop has a topmast (steng) fastened on the mast. A sloop has four sails : a mainsail (grootzeil), a fore-sail (fok), a gaff top8ail (gaffeltopzeil), and a jib (kluiver). The mainsail is behind the lower mast and is spread out towards the stern on two yards. The lower of these yards is called the boom (gijk) and the upper, the main gall (gaffel). This is the largest sail. Above it is spread the gar topsail (g4ffeltopzeil) which is used only, when the wind is not very strong. The foresail (fok) is a triangular sheet, which is hauled up and down on the forestay (fokkestag : zie fig. 1), a rope extending from the masthead to the bow (boeg). In front of this and stretched on the bowsprit (boegspriet) is the jib (kluiver), also a triangular sail. The Cutter (zie fig. 1). The Schooner (schoener) carries two masts and its rig is in the main like that of the sloop. It is the most elegant and best manageable vessel 1) Wij volgen bier de pagineering van Rozetledge's Sixpenny Edition "The Pirate and the three Cutters." that floats. The mast nearer the 8lern is called the mainmast (groote mast), the other, the foremast (fokkemast). The mainmast carries the mainsail and the gafftopsail, as on the sloop. The foremast carries the fore-schoonersail — a repetition of the main- sail — and tIN o square-sails (razeilen), if wanted. In front of the foremast are three triangular sails : the staysail (stagzeil), the same as the foresail of a sloop, the jib (kluiver), and the flying jib (buitenkluiver). 1 he Brig (brik) is generally larger than the schooner, and has two, masts, both of which are square-rigged (met razeilen). The Brigantine (brigantijn) : the foremast is square-rigged and the aftermast is sloop-rigged. Square sails are named after the masts to which they are attached. Each mast on a square-rigged ship consists of three parts, which are- spoken of as three- distinct masts. Thus : Fore-mast (fokkemast). _Main-mast (groote mast). Tore-topmast (voorsteng). Main-lopma,st (groote steng). Fore-topgallantmast (voorbramsteng). Main-topgallantma,s1 (groote bram- The sails accordingly are : steng). Fore-sail or fore-course (fok). Mainsail (grootzeil). Fore-topsail (v6Ormarszeil). Main-topsail (groot marszeil). Fore-topgallantsail (v66rbranizei0. Main-topgallantsail (groote brain- zeil). The parts of a mast are connected and secured by means of cro88tree..x• and caps (Zie Fig. 4). The crosstrees (dwarszaling) are small platforms named after the mast to which they belong. The cap (ezelshoofd) is an iron ring which rests on the top of the lower mast. The button-like objects at the summits of masts are called trucks (zie Fig. 1). Besides forming a finish to the masts they are fitted with small pulleys, through which cords for hoisting flags (Signal halyards = vlaggelijnen) are drawn. The thick ropes that keep the masts firmly in position, are called shrouds (want) and stays (staggen). The shrouds extend from the main-top to the sides of the ship, and are fastened to blocks (biokken), called deadeyes (jlifters), or to chains. The stays extend fore and aft : fore stays and back stays (pardoens). The cross-ropes (dwars- touwtjes) attached to the shrouds are called ratlines (weeflijnen). To furl (bergen) a sail is to tie it up. To unfurl (losgooien), to, shake it loose. The yards (raas) are the wooden beams to which the sails are attached. Tile little ropes which may be observed hanging 3 in rows on all sails are called reelpoints (reefseizingen). By means of these, parts of sails are gathered in, and tied round the yards, thus reducing the amount of canvas (doek) in stormy weather. Hence such expressions as : taking in a reef, a double reef, and close reefing (dicht- reven), the last meaning that the sail is to be made as small as possible. The Barque or Bark is a three-masted ship. The mainmast is in the middle. The foremast and the mainmast are square-rigged. The Ni:zell 9 mast (bezaansmast) is rigged like the mast of a sloop. A Clipperbarque is made for fast sailing with sharp cut-water (scheg). All clipperbuilt ships are made for fast sailing. The largest class of vessel is the Full-rigged Ship, which has three masts square-rigged. On the mizzen-mast is a fore and aft sail be- sides, called : spanker (bezaan). In the very tops of the masts are the skysails (scheizeilen) and most of the square sails have little wings on each side called studding sails (pron. 8tcen8a1z)' -,_-_ lijzeilen. (Zie Fig. 2). A Frigate is a Nan-of-war, having only one gun-deck (geschutdek) under the maindeck, and carrying from 30-50 guns. A sloop-of-war (adviesjacht) carries from 16 to 22 guns, and a ship carrying fewer than 20 guns is called a corvette. 2) Iron-clads are so called, because their sides are covered with plates of iron, capable of resisting heavy shot and from four to eighteen inches thick. In all recent ships-of-war that are propelled by steam, the screw-propeller (schroef) is used instead of paddle-wheels. The larger ships have twin-screws (dubbele of tweelingschroef), one shaft being on the starboard (stuurboord, rechts), the other on the larboard (bakboord, links) of the hull. The different kinds of rowing-boats are : the Longboat (de groote sloep), generally furnished with sails ; the Launch (de barkas), 16 oars ; the Barge (eene sloep), long, narrow, and light, ten or twelve oars ; the Pinnace (de pinas), eight oars ; the Yawl (j01), four oars ; the Gig (sloep),long, narrow and fast ,used for the captain ; the Wherry (kleine sloep), sharp at both ends, used on rivers and lakes ; the Punt (kleine sloep ; zie 4, Fig. 1), attached to yachts. the Oars . de riemen ; the 'i /marts == de roeibanken ; the Row- locks (pron. reelaks) =_- roeiklampen. 1) Wordt ook met eene z geschreven. 2) Of late years men-of-war have undergone great changes as to shape and armament. 4 TUIGAGE VAN EEN KOTTERJACHT. Fig. '1. Engelsch. Eransch. Duitsch. N ederlandsch. 1 a. Stern. Etrave. Vorsteven ; Vorder- Voorsteven. s Leven. b. Stern. Tableau ; Arriere. Heck Spiegel. Spiegel, hek. c. Mast. Mat. Mast. Mast. d. Topmast. Mat de fleche en cul. Stenge. Steng. e. Truck. Pomme de mat. Flaggenknopf. Vlaggekloot. f. Taifrail. Lisse de couronne- Heckgelander'; Heck- Hakkebord. ment. reelung. g. Cross-trees, Barres'; Barres tra— Saling; Quersaling ; Dwarszalingen. versieres. Dwarssaling. h. Gaff. Come. Gaffel. Gaffe!. k. Topmast Stay. Etai du mat deifleche. Stengestag. Stengestag. 1. Runner andTackle. Itague et palan. Mantel and Takel. Blok en takel. m. Bowsprit. Beaupre ; Mat de Bugspriet. Boegspriet. beaupre. p. Boom. Bout-dehors ; Bamel ; Baum ; Spiere. Giek. Guy. r. Forestay. Etai de misaine. Fockstag. Fokkestag. 8. Mainsheet. Ecoute de grande Grosse Schote. Groote sehoot. voile. 5 Foresheet. Ecoute de misaine. Fockschote. Fokkeschoo t. w. Peak Halyards. Drisse de pie. Piekfall. Piekeval. x. Signal Halyards. Drisse de pavilion. naggenleine. Vlaggelijnen. y. Companion Capot. Kappe. (Kaj uits)kap . (-hatch). z. Foredeck. Pont d'avant. Vordeck. Voordek. 1. Tiller. Barre de gouvernail. Ruderpinne ; Helm- Helmstok, roerpen. stock. 2. Rudder. Gouvernail. Ruder. Roer. 3. Cable. Cable. Kabeltau. Kabel. 6'. Shrouds. Haubans. Wanttaue. Want. tt. Backstays. Galhauban. Pardune. Pardoens. NAIIEN TAN BE ZEILEN TAN EEN SCRIP, Fig. 2. Engelsch. Fransch. Duitsch. Nederlandsch. 4. Flying Jib. Clin-foc. Aussenkliiver. Buitenkluiver. 2. Standing Jib, Out- Grand foc. Grosser Kliiver. Groote kluiver. er Jibor MainJib. 3. Inner orMiddleJib. Faux-foe; Second-foe. Binnen-Kliiver ; Mit- Middenkluiver. tel-Kliiver. 4. Fore Topmast Petit foe. Vor-Stengestagsegel. Voorstengestagieil. Staysail. 5. LowerStuddingsail Bonnette basse. Unterleesegel. Onderlijzeil. 6. Topmast Studding- Bonnette de hunier. Oberleesegel. Bovenlijzeil. sail. 7. Topgallant Stud- Bonnette de perroquet Bramleesegel Brabilij dingsail. 8. RoyalStuddingsail. Bonnette de eacatois. Royal-Leesegel. Bovenbramlijzeil. 9. Fore-Sail or Fore Misaine ; Voile de Fock. Fok. Course. misaine. 6 10. Lower-fore Top- Petit hunier fixe ou Vor-Unter-Marssegel. I Voorondermarszeil. sail. inferieur. 11. Upper-fore Top– Petit hunier volant. Vor-Ober-Marssegel. Voorbovenmarszeil. sail. 12. Lower-fore Top- Petit perroquet fixe Vor -Unter-Bramsegel Ondervoorbramzeil. gallantsail. ou inferieur. 13. Upper-fore Top- Petit perroquet volant Vor-Ober-bramsegel. Bovenvoorbramzeil. gallantsail. 14. Fore Royal. Petit cacatois. Vor-Royal. Voorbovenbramzeil. 15. Fore Skysail. Petit contre-cacatois. Vor-Scheisegel. Voorscheizeil. -16. Mainsail or main Grande voile. Grossegel. Groot zeal. course. 7. Lower-main 'Top- Grand hunier fixe ou Gross-tinter-Mars- Grootondermarszeil. sail. inferieur. segel. 18. Upper-main Top- Grand hunier volant. Gross-Ober-Mars- Grootbovenmarszeil. sail. segel. 19. Lower-main Top- Grand perroquet 'fixe Gross-Unter-Bram- Ondergrootbramzeil.
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