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Araneae, Liphistiidae) from Vietnam, with Notes on Their Natural History

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Araneae, Liphistiidae) from Vietnam, with Notes on Their Natural History 1999. The Journal of Arachnology 27:37±43 SPIDERS OF THE GENUS HEPTATHELA (ARANEAE, LIPHISTIIDAE) FROM VIETNAM, WITH NOTES ON THEIR NATURAL HISTORY Hirotsugu Ono: Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073 Japan ABSTRACT. Spiders of the family Liphistiidae collected from northern Vietnam are taxonomically studied. Two new species of the genus Heptathela are described under the names, H. abca (from Yen Bai) and H. cucphuongensis (from Cuc Phuong National Park). Some natural history and zoogeographic notes of the new species are given. About 90 years ago, a liphistiid spider was (elevation 120 m), and in the National Park of recorded from Kha-le in the area of the river Cuc Phuong (350 m) in northern Vietnam Song Luc Nam northeast of Hanoi (Simon (Fig. 1). Some biological observations (for ex- 1908). This spider was erroneously identi®ed ample, the shape of egg sac and the diameter as Liphistius birmanicus Thorell 1897, origi- of trapdoor) were made in the ®eld. The spi- nally described from Burma. Because this re- ders were kept in 75% alcohol and taxonom- cord was based on a misidenti®cation, Bris- ically studied in laboratory of the museum at towe (1933) gave a new name Liphistius Tokyo. After morphological observations, two tonkinensis for the same spider. Although the new species were recognized. genus Heptathela was already known at that The type specimens of the new species are time (Kishida 1923), the Vietnamese species deposited in the collection of the Department was misplaced in Liphistius for a long time. of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo Haupt (1983) ®nally redescribed the species (NSMT). The abbreviations herein used are as and transferred it to Heptathela. Heptathela follows: ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, an- tonkinensis was the ®rst heptatheline record- terior median eye; PLE, posterior lateral eye; ed. PME, posterior median eye. Morphology of In 1995 and 1997, I had opportunities to genital organs chie¯y follows Haupt (1979). participate in entomological expeditions to DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES northern Vietnam, made by the National Sci- ence Museum, Tokyo. Although it was hard Heptathela abca new species to ®nd preserved forests in the country, re- (Figs. 2±4, 14) searchers on our expeditions collected many Diagnosis.ÐThis new species seems to be spider specimens, including those of Heptath- related to Heptathela tomokunii Ono 1997, de- ela. Heptathela tomokunii, the second species scribed from Mt. Tam Dao, Vinh Phu Prov- of the genus from Vietnam, was described ince, Vietnam, having the same construction from Mt. Tam Dao, about 60 km northwest of of female genitalia. However, the new species Hanoi, based on this material (Ono 1997a). can be distinguished from the latter by the The present paper deals with the results of shape of spermathecae (receptacalula semin- a taxonomic study of liphistiids obtained dur- is): main, lateral bursae of Heptathela abca ing the second Vietnam expedition in 1997. are reniform and are set on their bases, while Two further new species of the genus Hep- those of H. tomokunii are oval and close to tathela are described from Yen Bai and Cuc the lamellar interior part of the genitalia; the Phuong National Park. Some biological data tubular stems of median bursae of H. abca are of these spiders are noted. much longer than those of H. tomokunii (cf. METHODS Fig. 3 of this paper and ®g. 6 in Ono 1997a). Between 26 September±25 October 1997, Etymology.ÐThe speci®c epithet is an ar- liphistiid spiders were collected at Yen Bai bitrary combination of letters. 37 38 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY perior claws of tarsi each with 2 teeth; claw of palp without tooth. Opisthosoma ovate, longer than wide; posterior median spinnerets reduced, completely fused, with setae (Fig. 4). Two pairs of spermathecae present (Fig. 2±3); main, lateral bursae set on thick bases, reni- form, with many middle-sized, granulate tu- bercles; median ones small, on long tubular stems. Coloration: Prosoma brown, cephalic part not darker, ocular tubercle black; chelicerae brown, basally lighter, fang and fang furrow reddish-brown, sternum and coxae of legs and palps light reddish-brown, other segments of legs and palps brown. Opisthosoma grayish- brown, dorsal sclerites blackish-brown, ven- Figure 1.ÐRecords of the spiders of the genus tral sclerites and spinnerets yellowish-brown. Heptathela in Vietnam. 1. Song Luc Nam, Ha Bac Remarks.ÐA female specimen (NSMT-Ar Province, Heptathela tonkinensis (Bristowe 1933); 2. Tam Dao, Vinh Phu Province, Heptathela to- 3839) collected at a village about 15 km mokunii Ono 1997; 3. Yen Bai, Yen Bai Province, northwest of Yen Bai on 6 October 1997 by Heptathela abca new species; 4. Cuc Phuong, Ninh myself tentatively identi®ed as Heptathela Binh Province, Heptathela cucphuongensis new abca. However, the shape of female genitalia species. [Small circle 5 Hanoi; upper line of the of the spider (Figs. 5±6) is slightly different frame, 248N, bottom, 198N, left, 1028E, right, from that of holotype. 1088E; scale 5 100 km] Heptathela cucphuongensis new species (Figs. 7±9, 17) Type series.ÐFemale holotype, VIET- Diagnosis.ÐThis new species is close to NAM, Yen Bai Province, Yen Bai (elevation Heptathela hunanensis Song & Haupt 1984, 120 m), 13 October 1997, H. Ono leg. described from Qianyang County, Hunan (NSMT-Ar 3830); paratypes: 2/, same data Province of China. In both the species, median as for holotype (NSMT-Ar 3831-3832), 3/ spermathecae are fused and form a large bur- and 2 juveniles, same locality and collector as sa. However, the new species is distinguish- for holotype, 14 October 1997 (NSMT-Ar able from the Chinese spider by the shape of 3833-3837). lateral bursae without bases (cf. Fig. 8 of this Description.ÐFemale (male specimen not paper and ®g. 3e in Song & Haupt 1984). available). Measurements based on holotype: Etymology.ÐThe speci®c epithet is de- body length 17.5 mm; prosoma length 8.4 rived from the type locality. mm, width 7.1 mm; opisthosoma length 9.1 Type series.ÐFemale holotype, VIET- mm, width 6.8 mm; lengths of palp and legs NAM, Ninh Binh Province, Gia Vien, Cuc [total length (femur 1 patella 1 tibia 1 meta- Phuong (elevation 350 m), 30 September tarsus 1 tarsus)]: palp 15.3 mm (5.3 1 2.7 1 1997, H. Ono leg. (NSMT-Ar 3822); para- 3.4 1 ± 1 3.9); leg I 17.8 mm (5.8 1 3.0 1 types: 2/ and 7 juveniles, same data as for 3.5 1 3.5 1 2.0); II 18.2 mm (5.8 1 2.9 1 holotype (NSMT-Ar 3823-3827). 3.4 1 3.9 1 2.2); III 19.9 mm (5.7 1 3.3 1 Description.ÐFemale (male specimen not 3.4 1 4.7 1 2.8); IV 29.0 mm (8.0 1 3.7 1 available). Measurements based on holotype: 5.1 1 8.2 1 4.0). Variation of body length: body length 17.5 mm; prosoma length 7.8 12.1±20.2 mm. Head high; ocular tubercle mm, width 6.1 mm; opisthosoma length 8.1 wider than long, ALE . PLE . PME . AME mm, width 5.4 mm; lengths of palp and legs (9.6:8.3:4.6:1 in ratio), AME small, clypeus [total length (femur 1 patella 1 tibia 1 meta- wider than ALE-ALE, median ocular area tarsus 1 tarsus)]: palp 12.2 mm (4.4 1 2.3 1 trapezoidal, wider than long. Chelicera with 2.5 1 ± 1 3.0); leg I 15.5 mm (5.3 1 2.5 1 11 teeth (3 large and 8 small) on promargin 3.1 1 2.9 1 1.7); II 15.7 mm (5.2 1 2.7 1 of fang furrow. Leg formula IV, III, II, I; su- 2.8 1 3.3 1 1.7); III 16.6 mm (5.1 1 2.7 1 ONOÐHEPTATHELA FROM VIETNAM 39 Figures 2±9.Ð2±4, Heptathela abca new species, female holotype, NSMT-Ar 3830; 5±6. Heptathela sp. (?H. abca) from 15 km NW of Yen Bai; 7±9. Heptathela cucphuongensis new species, female holotype, NSMT-Ar 3822. 2, 5, 7. Genital area, ventral view; 3, 6, 8. Spermathecae, dorsal view; 4, 9. Posterior median spinnerets, ventral view. [Scales 5 0.25 mm] 2.9 1 3.8 1 2.1); IV 23.4 mm (6.8 1 3.2 1 brown, other segments of legs and palps dark 4.2 1 6.4 1 2.8). Variation of body length: gray, femora much darker. Opisthosoma dark females 15.1±17.5 mm. Head high; ocular tu- gray, dorsal sclerites blackish-brown, ventral bercle slightly longer than wide, ALE . PLE sclerites and spinnerets yellowish-brown. Color . PME . AME (8 : 7.6 : 4.3 : 1 in ratio), in life bluish-black. clypeus wider than ALE-ALE, median ocular area trapezoidal, slightly wider than long. NATURAL HISTORY NOTES Chelicera with 12 (right) or 13 (left) teeth (3 As an agricultural country in Asia, Vietnam large and 9 or 10 small) on promargin of fang has developed at the expense of deforestation furrow. Leg formula IV, III, II, I; superior for centuries. Sub-tropical and tropical low- claws of tarsi I with 3 teeth, II±IV each with lands are totally cultivated mainly for rice pro- 2 teeth; claw of palp without tooth. Opistho- duction. On the other hand, the people of var- soma ovate, longer than wide; posterior me- ious tribes farm with primitive methods on dian spinnerets not fused (Fig. 9). Three sper- temperate highlands, and cut trees for ®re- mathecae present (Figs.7±8); lateral bursae wood.
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