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Arachnologische Gesellschaft E.V Arachnologische Mitteilungen Heft 47 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 ISSN 1018 - 4171 www.AraGes.de/aramit Herausgeber: Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. Arachnologische URL: http://www.AraGes.de Mitteilungen Schriftleitung: Theo Blick, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Terrestrische Zoologie, Projekt Hessische Naturwaldreservate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/M., E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Sascha Buchholz, Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Ökologie, Rothenburgstr. 12, D-12165 Berlin, E-Mail: [email protected] Redaktion: Theo Blick, Frankfurt Dr. Sascha Buchholz, Berlin Dr. Jason Dunlop, Berlin Dr. Ambros Hänggi, Basel Dr. Hubert Höfer & Stefan Scharf, Karlsruhe (Satz und Repro, E-Mail: [email protected]) Wissenschaftlicher Beirat: Dr. Elisabeth Bauchhenß, Wien (AT); Dr. Peter Bliss, Halle/S. (DE); Prof. Dr. Jan Buchar, Praha (CZ); Dr. Maria Chatzaki, Alexandroupoli (GR); Petr Dolejš, Praha (CZ); Prof. Dr. Martin Entling, Landau/Pf. (DE); Dr. Oliver-David Finch, Rastede (DE); Dr. Izabela Hajdamowicz, Siedlce (PL); Prof. Dr. Peter J. van Helsdingen, Leiden (NL); Dr. Marco Isaia, Torino (IT); Dr. Peter Jäger, Frankfurt/M. (DE); Dr. Alberto Jiménez-Valverde, Málaga (SP); Dr. Christian Komposch, Graz (AT); Dr. Boris Leroy, Paris (FR); Dr. Volker Mahnert, Douvaine (FR); Prof. Dr. Jochen Martens, Mainz (DE); Dr. Dieter Martin, Waren (DE); Dr. Tone Novak, Maribor (SI); Dr. Ferenc Samu, Budapest (HU); Dr. Uwe Riecken, Bonn (DE); Prof. Dr. Wojciech Staręga, Warszawa (PL) Erscheinungsweise: Pro Jahr 2 Hefte. Die Hefte sind laufend durchnummeriert und jeweils abgeschlossen paginiert. Der Umfang je Heft beträgt ca. 50 Seiten. Erscheinungsort ist Karlsruhe. Auflage 400 Exemplare Druck: Druckerei Isensee, Oldenburg. Autorenhinweise/Instructions for authors: bei der Schriftleitung erhältlich, oder unter der URL: http://www.arages.de/aramit/ Bezug: Im Mitgliedsbeitrag der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft enthalten (25 Euro, Studierende 15 Euro pro Jahr), ansonsten beträgt der Preis für das Jahresabonnement 25 Euro. Die Kündigung der Mitgliedschaft oder des Abonnements wird jeweils zum Jahresende gültig und muss der AraGes bis 15. November vorliegen. Bestellungen sind zu richten an: Dr. Peter Michalik, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Straße 11/12, D-17489 Greifswald, Tel. +49 (0)3834 86-4099, Fax +49 (0)3834 86-4252 E-Mail: [email protected] oder via Homepage: www.AraGes.de (Beitrittsformular). Die Bezahlung soll jeweils im ersten Quartal des Jahres erfolgen auf das Konto: Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V.; Kontonummer: 8166 27-466; Postbank Dortmund, BLZ 440 100 46 IBAN DE75 4401 0046 0816 6274 66, BIC (SWIFT CODE) PBNKDEFF Die Arachnologischen Mitteilungen sind berücksichtigt in: Scopus (http://info.scopus.com), E-Bibliothek (http://rzblx1.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit), Directory of Open Access Journals (http://www.doaj.org), Zoological Records, Biological Abstracts, Index Copernicus Journals Master List 2012 (http://jml2012.indexcopernicus.com/Arachnologische+Mitteilungen,p1166,3.html). Umschlagzeichnung: P. Jäger, K. Rehbinder Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 1-50, i-iii Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 1-6 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 First record of the exotic spitting spider Scytodes fusca (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Central Europe from Germany and Slovakia Anna Šestáková, Ľudmila Černecká, Jonathan Neumann & Nils Reiser doi: 10.5431/aramit4701 Abstract. The spitting spider Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 is recorded for the first time in Central Europe from both Germany and Slovakia. The species was found in two localities, within the Botanical Garden in Bratislava (Slova- kia), specifically from a heated greenhouse with high humidity, and the “Tropical Islands”, a tropical holiday resort in Krausnick (Germany). It seems that this Pantropical species has probably been introduced here along with imported plants. A description of diagnostic characters, as well as figures, is given. Keywords: artificial tropical ecosystem, botanical garden, first record, introduced species Zusammenfassung. Neunachweis der exotischen Speispinne Scytodes fusca (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Mitte- leuropa aus Deutschland und der Slowakei. Die Speispinne Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 konnte erstmals für Mitteleuropa in Deutschland und der Slowakei nachgewiesen werden. Die Funde stammen aus dem Botanischen Garten in Bratislava (Slowakei) sowie aus dem Freizeitbad „Tropical Islands“ in Krausnick (Deutschland). Es wird ver- mutet, dass die pantropische Art durch Zierpflanzen eingeschleppt wurde. Die charakteristischen Merkmale der Art werden beschrieben und abgebildet. The genus Scytodes consists of 215 species and 4 (Brignoli 1976, van Helsdingen 2012, Nentwig et al. subspecies distributed worldwide with the largest 2013, Platnick 2013). The new spider for the Cen- diversity (>100 species) in the Neotropical region. tral European arachnofauna reported here, S. fusca, is The majority of them are found in Brazil (76 spe- known from the Americas, tropical Africa, Asia (from cies) (Rheims & Brescovit 2009, Platnick 2013). Indomalaya to Japan) (for more details see Brignoli Spitting spiders are well known for their unusual 1976) and southern Europe (Cardoso 2011). hunting technique which involves spitting a sticky The spitting spiderS. fusca is known to be synan- mass. They attack other arthropods by ejecting a thropic, having adapted to life inside houses in Brazil mixture of silk and glue at them, immobilizing the (Brescovit & Rheims 2000, Araujo et al. 2008). In prey long enough to allow safe envenomation (Suter Australia, it seems to be communal-territorial, living & Stratton 2013). in large colonies and practicing a primitive form of Previously, only one species of the genus, Scytodes maternal care (Bowden & Jackson 1988, Bowden thoracica (Latreille, 1802), was known from Cen- 1991, Yap et al. 2011). tral Europe. In Europe nine species of Scytodes have been recorded, plus three species occurring only in Methods the Canary Islands. Most of them are only known Three Botanical Gardens were sampled: two in Slo- from the Mediterranean region, but four Pantropi- vakia (Bratislava, Košice) and one in the Czech Re- cal species have been imported into Europe: Scytodes public (Brno). Specimens were found in only one of fusca Walckenaer, 1837, S. longipes Lucas, 1844, S. lu- them, in Bratislava (Slovakia); and only in one of gubris (Thorell, 1887) and S. venusta (Thorell, 1890) three tropical rooms of the greenhouse. Specimens were collected from their webs found beneath stones. Anna ŠESTÁKOVÁ, The Western Slovakian Museum, Múzejné námestie 3, In Germany all specimens were found in the tropical Trnava, SK–91809 Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] holiday resort “Tropical Islands” in Krausnick (near Ľudmila ČERNECKÁ, Department of Production Ecology, Institute of Forest Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, SK–96053, Berlin). Most of the spiders were also discovered be- Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] neath objects, as in Slovakia. Jonathan NEUMANN, Harrosteig 35, 12524 Berlin, Germany, email: [email protected] Specimens were identified using Nentwig et al. Nils REISER. Zietenstraße 7-9, 10783 Berlin, Germany, (2013). The vulva was macerated in 4 % hydroxide so- e-mail: [email protected] lution and dyed in a water solution of Amido Black. submitted 29. 12. 2013, accepted 22. 2. 2014, online 27. 3. 2014 Photographs were taken using EOS Utility software 2 A. Šestáková, L. Černecká, J. Neumann & N. Reiser “Tropical Islands”, Krausnick, 50°2’20.48”N; 13°44’54.75“E, 78 m a.s.l., leg. J. Neumann & N. Reiser. (( SLOVAKIA: 1 juv (12 December 2012); 2 , 1 juv (25 ) April 2013), 1 (collected as subadult 31 July 2013): in one of three heated greenhouses in the Botanical Garden of Comenius University, Bratislava, 48°8’49.2”N; 17°4’20.97”E, 148 m a.s.l., leg. M. Holecová & A. Šestáková. Diagnosis This species could be confused with Scytodes velutina Heineken & Lowe, 1832 in Europe. Females of S. fusca have an epigynal fovea as wide as high, not nar- row as in S. velutina, and the spermathecae have long, Fig. 1: Female of Scytodes fusca with egg sack. – Photo: A. Šes- táková recurved stalks; very short in S. velutina. The carapace is usually much darker so the pattern is hardly visible, in comparison to S. velutina with a visible pattern. Males and juveniles can be distinguished by distinct and a Canon EOS 1100D digital camera connected patterns of the carapace and abdomen. Male bulbus to a Zeiss Stemi 2000-C stereomicroscope. Digital with long, narrow terminal portion in comparison to images were montaged and edited using Photoshop the broad one in S. velutina (Brignoli 1976, Saaristo CS6. The material is preserved in 70 % ethanol and 1997). deposited in the The Western Slovakian Museum in Trnava and in the private collections of Nils Reiser Description and Jonathan Neumann. One female was sent to Medium sized and short-legged species (Valerio Arno Grabolle (Weimar) and one to Tobias Bauer 1981). Females (ca. 6 mm, carapace 2.5 – 3.0 mm) (Stuttgart). are dark, without distinct pattern on habitus; legs are uniformly brown with darker femora (Figs 2a, b). Results and discussion Vulva with reduced atrium, one pair of small sperma- Material examined thecae with recurved stalks and – under epigastrium Females with egg sacks (Fig. 1) and numerous juve- – more or less triangular foveae (Fig. 2c). niles were observed in both countries. In Germany Males (4.0 –
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