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Arachnida: Araneae) by Monthly Census for 3 Years in Forest Areas of Yakushima Island, Japan
Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e14789 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.5.e14789 Data Paper Specimen records of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) by monthly census for 3 years in forest areas of Yakushima Island, Japan Takeshi Osawa‡‡, Yuki G Baba , Tatsumi Suguro§, Noriaki Naya |, Takeo Yamauchi¶ ‡ Institute for Agro-environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan § Keio Yochisha Elementary School, Tokyo, Japan | Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan ¶ Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Sanda, Japan Corresponding author: Takeshi Osawa ([email protected]) Academic editor: Robert Mesibov Received: 29 Jun 2017 | Accepted: 18 Jul 2017 | Published: 25 Jul 2017 Citation: Osawa T, Baba Y, Suguro T, Naya N, Yamauchi T (2017) Specimen records of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) by monthly census for 3 years in forest areas of Yakushima Island, Japan. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e14789. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e14789 Abstract Background Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) are a classic indicator taxon for evaluating the health of natural environments. However, studies of spiders’ responses to forest succession under natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes are lacking. Yakushima Island in southwestern Japan has a unique forest ecosystem, and part of the island is designated as a world natural heritage site by UNESCO. Approximately 90% of Yakushima is covered by forest, including both plantations and natural forests. New information We made an inventory of spiders on Yakushima Island by collecting specimens in five forests (two plantations and three natural forests) with Malaise and window traps from 2006 to 2008 (a total of 637 traps). We collected 3487 specimens, representing 31 families and © Osawa T et al. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9111799 Evolutionary morphology of the locomotor apparatus in Arachnida Shultz, Jeffrey Walden, Ph.D. -
Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders
18 FROM: Ubick, D., P. Paquin, P.E. Cushing, andV. Roth (eds). 2005. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. 377 pages. Chapter 2 PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPIDERS Jonathan A. Coddington ARACHNIDA eyes, jumping spiders also share many other anatomical, Spiders are one of the eleven orders of the class Arach- behavioral, ecological, and physiological features. Most nida, which also includes groups such as harvestmen (Opil- important for the field arachnologist they all jump, a useful iones), ticks and mites (Acari), scorpions (Scorpiones), false bit of knowledge if you are trying to catch one. Taxonomic scorpions (Pseudoscorpiones), windscorpions (Solifugae), prediction works in reverse as well: that spider bouncing and vinegaroons (Uropygi). All arachnid orders occur in about erratically in the bushes is almost surely a salticid. North America. Arachnida today comprises approximately Another reason that scientists choose to base classifica- 640 families, 9000 genera, and 93,000 described species, but tion on phylogeny is that evolutionary history (like all his- the current estimate is that untold hundreds of thousands tory) is unique: strictly speaking, it only happened once. of new mites, substantially fewer spiders, and several thou- That means there is only one true reconstruction of evolu- sand species in the remaining orders, are still undescribed tionary history and one true phylogeny: the existing clas- (Adis & Harvey 2000, reviewed in Coddington & Colwell sification is either correct, or it is not. In practice it can be 2001, Coddington et ol. 2004). Acari (ticks and mites) are complicated to reconstruct the true phylogeny of spiders by far the most diverse, Araneae (spiders) second, and the and to know whether any given reconstruction (or classifi- remaining taxa orders of magnitude less diverse. -
Novitatesamerican MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y
NovitatesAMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2607 NOVEMBER 10, 1976 NORMAN I. PLATNICK AND WILLIS J. GERTSCH The Suborders of Spiders: A Cladistic Analysis (Arachnida, Araneae) k g - si 0,.00<t 0i 000:0::0; ,0;f\:Nv: ::l zA :::}-0%0, :; ;, :f 41$ 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM Novttates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2607, pp. 1-15, figs. 1-18 November 10, 1976 The Suborders of Spiders: A Cladistic Analysis (Arachnida, Araneae) NORMAN I. PLATNICK1 AND WILLIS J. GERTSCH2 "What, for instance, shall we do if we find fossils that are typical of the Mygalomorph and Arachnomorph forms save for the presence of segmentation? It is well within the bounds of possibility and we shall then have to decide whether a 'grandfather' is to be grouped with his descendants or 'his cousins'." -W. S. Bristowe, 1933, p. 1033 "The synthetic or evolutionary method of classification . agrees with cladistics in the postulate that as complete as possible a reconstruc- tion of phylogeny must precede the construction of a classification . ." -E. Mayr, 1974, p. 95 ABSTRACT The methods of phylogenetic systematics are group relationships (between the Liphistiidae applied to the problem of the subordinal classifi- and, in the first case all of, and in the second cation of spiders. Synapomorphies in external case some of, the mygalomorph spiders) docu- morphology, internal morphology, embryology, mented only by symplesiomorphic characters. -
Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
1 Neoichnology of the Burrowing Spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) and Hogna lenta (Araneae: Araneomorphae) A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science John M. Hils August 2014 © 2014 John M. Hils. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Neoichnology of the Burrowing Spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) and Hogna lenta (Araneae: Araneomorphae) by JOHN M. HILS has been approved for the Department of Geological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Daniel I. Hembree Associate Professor of Geological Sciences Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT HILS, JOHN M., M.S., August 2014, Geological Sciences Neoichnology of the Burrowing Spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) and Hogna lenta (Araneae: Araneomorphae) Director of Thesis: Daniel I. Hembree Trace fossils are useful for interpreting the environmental conditions and ecological composition of strata. Neoichnological studies are necessary to provide informed interpretations, but few studies have examined the traces produced by continental species and how these organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions. Spiders are major predators in modern ecosystems. The fossil record of spiders extends to the Carboniferous, but few body fossils have been found earlier than the Cretaceous. Although the earliest spiders were probably burrowing species, burrows attributed to spiders are known primarily from the Pleistocene. The identification of spider burrows in the fossil record would allow for better paleoecological interpretations and provide a more complete understanding of the order’s evolutionary history. This study examines the morphology of burrows produced by the mygalomorph spider Gorgyrella inermis and the araneomorph spider Hogna lenta (Arachnida: Araneae). -
Fauna of the Dark Cave, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia1
PACIFIC INSECTS Vol. 9, no. 3 20 August 1967 Organ of the program "Zoogeography and Evolution of Pacific Insects." Published by Entomology Department, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. Editorial committee : J. L. Gressitt (editor), S. Asahina, R. G. Fennah, R. A. Harrison, T. C. Maa, C. W. Sabrosky, R. L. Usinger, J. van der Vecht. K. Yasumatsu and E. C. Zimmerman. Devoted to studies of insects and other terrestrial arthropods from the Pacific area, including eastern Asia, Australia and Antarctica. FAUNA OF THE DARK CAVE, BATU CAVES, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA1 By H. Elliott McClure2, Boo-Liat Lim3, and Sarah E. Winn4 Abstract: Observations and collections of the fauna of the Dark Cave of Batu Caves at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were made between May 1959 and January 1961. The caverns have an extensive invertebrate population, many species of which remain unidentified. Twenty-three species of vertebrates were observed, the most abundant being Eonycteris spelaea and Hipposideros diadema. The collections included 151 identified species of 94 families of invertebrates. Coprophagous mites of several species and Diptera were the most abundant arthropods. Populations and species make-up varied from the entrance to the rear of the caverns. Most species developed maximum populations where light and moisture conditions were optimum. The Batu Caves massif is ll km NE of Kuala Lumpur at 3°N and 102°E. It was first explored by H. C. Syers in April 1879 and reported to the Royal Asiatic Society by D. D. Daly (1879). It was further explored and the animal life described by H. N. -
Liphistius Thaleri, a New Mesothelid Spider Species from Southern Thailand (Araneae: Liphistiidae)
Liphistius thaleri, a new mesothelid spider species from southern Thailand (Araneae: Liphistiidae) Autor(en): Schwendinger, Peter J. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Contributions to Natural History : Scientific Papers from the Natural History Museum Bern Band (Jahr): - (2009) Heft 12/3 PDF erstellt am: 05.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-787024 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Liphistius thaleri, a new mesothelid spider species from southern Thailand (Araneae: Liphistiidae) Peter J. Schwendinger ABSTRACT Contrib. Nat. Hist. 12:1253-1268. Liphistius thaleri sp. nov. is described from male and female specimens collected on Ko Libong, a small island off the western coast of southern Thailand. -
What Is a Spider?
BEITR. ARANEOL., 12 (2019: 1–32) (Beiträge zur Araneologie) WHAT IS A SPIDER? CRETACEOUS FOSSILS MODIFY STRONGLY PHYLOGENETICS AS WELL AS DIAGNOSES OF FAMILIES, SUPERFAMILIES AND EVEN SUBORDERS OF SPIDERS (ARANEIDA) AND OTHER ARTHROPODS JOERG WUNDERLICH Jumping spider Segmented spider (Springspinne) (Gliederspinne) Salticidae, Mesothelae one of the most Tailed spider (Geschwänzte derived spiders Spinne) Chimerarachnida, known as the most ancient spider, extinct © J. WUNDERLICH (ed.), Publishing House Joerg Wunderlich, D-60493 Hirschberg. This paper is also published on my website www.joergwunderlich.de. ISBN 978-3-931473-18-1 1 BEITR. ARANEOL., 12 (2019: 1–32) WHAT IS A SPIDER? CRETACEOUS FOSSILS MODIFY STRONGLY PHYLOGENETICS AS WELL AS DIAGNOSES OF FAMILIES, SUPERFAMILIES AND EVEN SUBORDERS OF SPIDERS (ARANEIDA) AND OTHER ARTHROPODS JOERG WUNDERLICH, Oberer Haeuselbergweg 24, 69493 Hirschberg, Germany. www.joergwunderlich.de. [email protected] Abstract: The basal branchings of spider evolution are treated, based on selected characters of extinct and extant taxa. The orders Uraraneida (extinct) and Araneida (in a new sense) have been united in the superorder Serikodiastida by GARWOOD & DUNLOP 2014. A strongly modified classification of the order Araneida is presented, including the extinct order Chimerarachnida WUNDERLICH 2018, based on the Chi- merarachnidae n. fam., and its sister suborder, the Araneae. The taxon Araneae is used in the traditional sense; it includes all Araneida (except the Chimerarachnida): The suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, see fig. A. Opisthothelae includes (a) the Basalhaplogynae (Synspermiata - e. g. Dysderidae and Pholcidae - and Fil- istatidae) and (b) its sister group, the Neocribellatae (new sense): The Hypochilidae and its sister group, the “Praeentelegyne” (new name): The Austrochiloidea and its sister group, the Dipneumonomorpha (= Entelegynae): All the remining taxa like Ar- chaeidae, Oecobiidae, Araneidae and taxa of the RTA-clade (e.g. -
Araneae, Liphistiidae) from Vietnam, with Notes on Their Natural History
1999. The Journal of Arachnology 27:37±43 SPIDERS OF THE GENUS HEPTATHELA (ARANEAE, LIPHISTIIDAE) FROM VIETNAM, WITH NOTES ON THEIR NATURAL HISTORY Hirotsugu Ono: Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073 Japan ABSTRACT. Spiders of the family Liphistiidae collected from northern Vietnam are taxonomically studied. Two new species of the genus Heptathela are described under the names, H. abca (from Yen Bai) and H. cucphuongensis (from Cuc Phuong National Park). Some natural history and zoogeographic notes of the new species are given. About 90 years ago, a liphistiid spider was (elevation 120 m), and in the National Park of recorded from Kha-le in the area of the river Cuc Phuong (350 m) in northern Vietnam Song Luc Nam northeast of Hanoi (Simon (Fig. 1). Some biological observations (for ex- 1908). This spider was erroneously identi®ed ample, the shape of egg sac and the diameter as Liphistius birmanicus Thorell 1897, origi- of trapdoor) were made in the ®eld. The spi- nally described from Burma. Because this re- ders were kept in 75% alcohol and taxonom- cord was based on a misidenti®cation, Bris- ically studied in laboratory of the museum at towe (1933) gave a new name Liphistius Tokyo. After morphological observations, two tonkinensis for the same spider. Although the new species were recognized. genus Heptathela was already known at that The type specimens of the new species are time (Kishida 1923), the Vietnamese species deposited in the collection of the Department was misplaced in Liphistius for a long time. -
Diversity and Structure of Spider Assemblages in Terai Conservation Area”, Thesis Phd, Saurashtra University
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Upamanyu, Hore, 2009, “Diversity and Structure of Spider Assemblages in Terai Conservation Area”, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/589 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF SPIDER ASSEMBLAGES IN TERAI CONSERVATION AREA (TCA) THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT (GUJARAT) FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y IN W I L D L I F E S C I E N C E BY U P A M A N Y U H O R E Wildlife Institute of India Chandrabani, Dehradun Uttarakhand, India June 2009 Contents Page No. List of Appendices i List of Figures ii List of Tables v List of Plates vii Acknowledgements viii Summary x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-8 1.1 Challenges for Invertebrate Conservation 1 1.2 Spiders for Biodiversity Assessments 3 1.3 Forest Management -
Spider Systematics: Past and Future
Zootaxa 3683 (5): 595–600 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E46AB773-C9E7-47DC-9372-6CC89ADDBF51 Spider Systematics: Past and Future NORMAN I. PLATNICK1 & ROBERT J. RAVEN2 1Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York NY 10024 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Spider systematics has a history that reaches back over 250 years, to the publication of Carl Clerck’s Svenska Spindlar (Clerck, 1757). Linnaeus (1758), in the famous 10th edition of his Systema Naturae that was published the following year (and which serves as the starting point for the rest of zoological nomenclature), recognized only 39 species of spiders, worldwide, even though he knew (and cited) Clerck’s book. Clerck had already recognized more species than that from Sweden alone, and (unlike Linnaeus) provided good, color illustrations of them, often including even drawings of the male palps. So it is not surprising that arachnologists take Clerck, rather than Linnaeus, as their starting point. The most current version, 13.5, of the World Spider Catalog (Platnick, 2013) lists a total of 43,678 currently valid species, placed in 3,898 genera and 112 families (Table 1). The database version of the catalog has recently been updated to include the information from version 11.0 of the text catalog (previously, only the information from version 8.5 was accessible in database form). -
Spider Research in the 21St Century Trends & Perspectives
Spider Research in the 21st Century trends & perspectives Edited by David Penney Foreword by Norman I. Platnick Siri Scientific Press Author pdf for research purposes. Not to be made freely available online Spider Research in the 21st Century trends & perspectives Edited by David Penney Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester, UK Foreword by Norman I. Platnick American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA Author pdf for research purposes. Not to be made freely available online ISBN 978-0-9574530-1-2 PUBLISHED BY SIRI SCIENTIFIC PRESS, MANCHESTER, UK THIS AND RELATED TITLES ARE AVAILABLE DIRECTLY FROM THE PUBLISHER AT: HTTP://WWW.SIRISCIENTIFICPRESS.CO.UK © 2013, SIRI SCIENTIFIC PRESS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PARTS OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED, IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. THIS DOES NOT COVER PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES, WHO RETAIN COPYRIGHT OF THEIR IMAGES; REPRODUCTION PERMISSIONS FOR THESE IMAGES MUST BE SOUGHT FROM THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS. COVER IMAGE: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN IMAGE OF A 50 MILLION-YEAR- OLD FOSSIL SPIDER IN BALTIC AMBER (COURTESY OF ANDREW MCNEIL) Author pdf for research purposes. Not to be made freely available online 2 Systematics Progress in the study of spider diversity and evolution INGI AGNARSSON, JONATHAN A. CODDINGTON, MATJAŽ KUNTNER Introduction The field of systematics involves at least three major elements: biodiversity exploration (inventory); taxonomic discovery and description (taxonomy); and the estimation of phylogenetic relationships among these species (phylogeny).