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Chapters Presenting Findings and Conclusions STUDY ON ROMA INCLUSION UNDER THE EEA AND NORWAY GRANTS Part II. Background Materials: Country Background Papers and Maps of Projects and programmes Sofia, May 2013 Authors: Mariana Milosheva-Krushe (Team leader), Bulgaria: Georgi Genchev The Czech Republic: Jacob Hurrle Hungary: Szilvia Rézműves Romania: Dolores Neagoe and Claudia Grosu Slovakia: Anna Ivanova TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 2 I. BULGARIA ............................................................................................................................ 3 1. Roma in Bulgaria: Contextual opportunities and challenges ............................................. 3 2. EEA/N Grants (2007-2009) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Results, Relevance and Sustainability ................................................................................................................... 7 3. EEA/N Grants (2009-2014) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Potential and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 10 4. Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................................ 16 II. CZECH REPUBLIC ............................................................................................................ 19 1. Roma in the Czech Republic: Contextual opportunities and challenges ......................... 19 2. EEA/N Grants (2004-2009) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Results, Relevance and Sustainability ................................................................................................................. 21 3. EEA/N Grants (2009-2014) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Potential and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 25 4. Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................................. 28 III. HUNGARY ........................................................................................................................ 31 1. Contextual opportunities and challenges ........................................................................ 31 2. EEA/N Grants (2004-2009) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Results, Relevance and Sustainability ................................................................................................................. 35 3. EEA/N Grants (2009-2014) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Opportunities and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 39 4. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................. 44 IV. ROMANIA ......................................................................................................................... 47 1. Roma in Romania: Contextual opportunities and challenges .......................................... 47 2. EEA/N Grants (2007-2009) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Results, Relevance and Sustainability ................................................................................................................. 50 3. EEA/N Grants (2009-2014) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Opportunities and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 51 4. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................. 55 V. SLOVAKIA ......................................................................................................................... 59 1. Roma in Slovakia: Contextual opportunities and challenges ........................................... 59 2. EEA/N Grants (2004-2009) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Results, Relevance and Sustainability ................................................................................................................. 62 3. EEA/N Grants (2009-2014) in Support to Roma Inclusion Processes: Potential and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 67 4. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................. 69 ANNEX 1. Map of funded projects 2004-2009 ....................................................................... 72 ANNEX 2. Map of new programs 2009-2014 ....................................................................... 108 ii Introduction The Background Papers are the second part of developed materials as a part of the Study on Study Roma inclusion under the EEA and Norway Grants, which served as a background for the development of the main Study Report. The purpose of the Study Roma on inclusion under the EEA and Norway Grants was to provide a complete overview of all supported projects, sub-projects and programmes in the field of Roma inclusion under the EEA and Norway Grants in five of the countries with the largest Roma population: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and the Slovak Republic. The study had two interrelated tasks: 1. To identify results and achievements of the funding provided under the EEA and Norway Grants (2004–2009) and analyse their relevance and sustainability; 2. To review the programs with a focus on Roma that are planned and starting under the EEA and Norway grants (2009–2014) and analyse their potential in terms of outcomes and relevance. The Background papers include five Country Background reports with summary findings, conclusions and recommendations in the priority areas of the Study, as well as two annexes outlining the mapping of projects in 2004-2009 and planned programmes for 2009. It provides for more detailed reference on the local contexts, the findings in the different countries, as well as on project/programme levels. 1 Abbreviations CEICSEM Centre for Educational Integration of Children and Students from the Ethnic Minorities CFP Call for Proposals DV Domestic Violence ECHR European Court of Human Rights GBV Gender-based Violence HSPBVEM Health Strategy for Persons belonging to Vulnerable Ethnic Minorities, 2006; MoU Memorandum of Understanding NCCEII National Council for Cooperation on Ethnic and Integration Issues NGO Non-governmental Organisation NFP National Focal Point NRIS National Strategy of the Republic of Bulgaria for Roma Integration, 2012 OP Operational Programme OPHRD Operational Programme Human Resources Development PDP Pre-defined Project PO Programme operator SEICSEM Strategy for Educational Integration of Children and Students from the Ethnic Minorities, 2004 and 2010; SGS Small Grants Scheme 2 I. BULGARIA 1. Roma in Bulgaria: Contextual opportunities and challenges 1.1. Situation analysis According to the 2011 census the size of the Roma community in Bulgaria is 325,343 (4.9 % of the population). The Council of Europe estimates are 700,000–800,0001. The biggest concentration of Roma is in North West, South Central and South East Bulgaria, and in only two of the 28 districts their number is considerably smaller than elsewhere – Smolyan and Kardjali. The key areas of Roma exclusion are: Access to education. The educational status of Roma is dramatically lower compared not only to the ethnic Bulgarians but also to the Bulgarian Turks (the second biggest minority); making Roma the least qualified labour force in the country. Leaving school early remains a major problem although some decrease in the dropout rates is achieved. According to data from the Regional Education Inspectorates (there is no official data about the ethnicity of school dropouts), in almost all administrative districts the share of Roma children in first grade is around 20 % from all children who are subject to compulsory education. In every next educational level the number of Roma children decreases and their share in high-school education is seven times lower than their number in the primary school, i.e. out of every one hundred Roma first graders only 14 reach to the high-school level (plus not all of them stay until graduation). As to Bulgarian and Turks, according to Ministry of Education and Science (MEYS) data practically every child reaches the high-school educational level. Access to social and health-care services. The low educational status and the resulting high unemployment are accompanied by serious issues in their access to healthcare and health status. NRIS indicates that “12.6% of the entire Roma population in the country, including children, has some kind of disabilities or suffer from a heavy chronic disease. What is specific for the Roma people is the very early onset of disability and the widespread chronic diseases on a mass scale as early as the middle age. One third of the male Roma population and two fifths of the female population in the age bracket 45-60 have already lost partially or in full their work capacity due to poor health status.” Living conditions/housing. In 2011 55.4 % of the Roma live in cities. The rate of urbanisation is low, as in 1992 the figure was 52.3 % and in 2001 – 53.8 %. The 2011 census showed
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