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Estudo De Vibrações Induzidas Pela Circulação Ferroviária

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Estudo De Vibrações Induzidas Pela Circulação Ferroviária Estudo de vibrações induzidas pela circulação ferroviária Caso estudo: Alargamento da plataforma ferroviária da Gare Oriente Manuel João Pego Monteiro Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Júri Presidente: Prof. José Manuel Matos Noronha da Câmara Orientadores: Prof. Jaime Alberto dos Santos Eng. João Manuel Marcelino Mateus da Silva Vogal: Prof. Jorge Miguel Silveira Filipe Mascarenhas Proença Outubro de 2009 i PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Agradecimentos Desejo exprimir o meu reconhecimento a todas as pessoas que, de uma forma ou de outra, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus orientadores, Professor Jaime Santos e Engenheiro João Marcelino. A sua assistência foi crucial ao longo do trabalho desenvolvido de forma a levar a bom termo a Dissertação de Mestrado. Agradecer também às entidades RAVE e REFER pela permissão de utilização dos dados obtidos em campo fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da presente Dissertação. À minha família pelo apoio incondicional e incentivo dados ao longo de todo o trajecto na faculdade que culmina neste trabalho. Por fim, um reconhecimento a todos aqueles que de algum modo contribuíram para o sucesso deste trabalho, desde a secção de Geotecnia do Instituto Superior Técnico e diversas pessoas do Laboratório Nacional Engenharia Civil. ii PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Resumo Este trabalho descreve um conjunto de investigações e subsequentes interpretações levadas a cabo no sentido de realizar um estudo sobre as vibrações originadas pela circulação de comboios. Nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento dos comboios de alta velocidade veio colocar na ordem do dia a necessidade de uma atenta monitorização do fenómeno. O estudo pretende dar uma visão do estado de desenvolvimento das técnicas de aquisição e de tratamento dos dados. A isto acrescentar uma nova experiência contando com importantes conceitos em áreas como a análise de sinais, engenharia sísmica geotécnica e engenharia ferroviária. Tomando por base uma campanha de medição desenvolvida em Julho de 2009 na proximidade da Gare do Oriente, foi realizada uma campanha de campo com o objectivo de medir as vibrações induzidas pela circulação de comboios. O passo seguinte foi desenvolver todo um conjunto de ferramentas de análise em ambiente Matlab, incorporando criteriosamente filtros digitais para o processamento dos sinais. Esta temática apresenta hoje especial interesse de investigação, pois a medição das vibrações resultantes da passagem de comboios e a respectiva análise pode constituir uma ferramenta útil, quer para o dimensionamento da via, quer para situações em que é necessário avaliar medidas de mitigação. Palavras-chave: vibração, sinal, comboio, medição e filtro. iii PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Abstract This work describes a set of research studies that were made with the intent of studying vibrations created by the circulation of trains. In the last decades, the development of high-speed trains emphasized the need to closely monitor this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art about data acquisition process. It also presents a new experience, including important concepts in certain areas such as analysis of signals, seismic geotechnical engineering and track engineering. A field study with the purpose of measuring vibrations induced by train circulation was carried out in July of 2009 and took place at Gare do Oriente (train station located in Lisbon). The next step was to develop a whole set of analysis tools in Matlab, meticulously incorporating digital filters for signal processing. Nowadays, this subject is considered to be of special interest for research, since measuring vibrations from train circulation and its subsequent analysis can prove to be useful tools for both rail track design and situations where mitigation measures need to be evaluated. Keywords: vibration, signal, train, measurement e filter. iv PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Conteúdo Agradecimentos .................................................................................................................................. ii Resumo ............................................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. iv Conteúdo ............................................................................................................................................ v Índice de Tabelas.............................................................................................................................. vii Lista de abreviações ........................................................................................................................... x 1. Introdução .......................................................................................................................................1 2. Sistemas Vibratórios .......................................................................................................................3 2.1 Sinais ............................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Análise Espectral ..........................................................................................................................5 2.3 Descritores da vibração: ................................................................................................................6 3. Comboios e as vibrações ................................................................................................................8 3.1 Fenómeno.....................................................................................................................................8 3.2 Transmissão de cargas ............................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Análise de frequências ................................................................................................................ 15 3.4 Valores regulamentares .............................................................................................................. 18 3.4.1 Danos nos Edifícios .................................................................................................................. 18 3.4.2 Percepção humana da vibração ............................................................................................... 20 3.4.3 Percepção humana do ruído estrutural ..................................................................................... 21 3.4.4 Interferência com equipamentos ............................................................................................... 22 3.5 Mitigação .................................................................................................................................... 23 4. Estudos publicados ....................................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Testes de homologação da linha de Alta Velocidade entre Paris - Bruxelas ................................. 27 4.2 ICE Alta Velocidade Alemã ......................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Estudo de projecto do AVE ......................................................................................................... 30 4.4 Australia Railway Line Melbourne-Geelong ................................................................................. 32 4.5 Alta Velocidade na Suécia ........................................................................................................... 33 4.6 Metro de Pequim ......................................................................................................................... 36 Para este estudo não são fornecidos resultados da campanha de medição....................................... 37 4.7 Testes de homologação da linha de Alta Velocidade entre Bruxelas e Colónia ............................ 37 4.8 Shinkansen Alta Velocidade Japonesa ........................................................................................ 39 5. Trabalho de campo ....................................................................................................................... 42 5.1 Metodologia de aplicação teórica do trabalho de campo .............................................................. 42 5.2 Montagem e localização .............................................................................................................. 43 5.3 Aplicação prática ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 Objecto de estudo .................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.2 Material circulante .................................................................................................................... 46 v PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com 5.3.3 Caracterização do tipo de fundação ......................................................................................... 47 5.3.4 Modelo experimental ...............................................................................................................
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