Sri Kertanagara Dalam Usaha Mewujudkan Wawasan Dwipantara Tahun 1275-1292
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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
Global Journal of Human Social Sciences
Global Journal of Human Social Science: F Political Science Global Journal of Human Social Science: F Political Science V olume 13 Issue 2 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society *OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ *OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF Social Sciences. 2013. $'HODZDUH86$,QFRUSRUDWLRQZLWK³*RRG6WDQGLQJ´Reg. Number: 0423089 6SRQVRUV Open Association of Research Society $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG 2SHQ6FLHQWLILF6WDQGDUGV 7KLVLVDVSHFLDOLVVXHSXEOLVKHGLQYHUVLRQ RI³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 3XEOLVKHU¶V+HDGTXDUWHUVRIILFH 6FLHQFHV´%\*OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF $OODUWLFOHVDUHRSHQDFFHVVDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWHG *OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF+HDGTXDUWHUV&RUSRUDWH2IILFH XQGHU³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV´ &DPEULGJH2IILFH&HQWHU,,&DQDO3DUN)ORRU1R 5HDGLQJ/LFHQVHZKLFKSHUPLWVUHVWULFWHGXVH WKCambridge (Massachusetts)3LQ0$ (QWLUHFRQWHQWVDUHFRS\ULJKWE\RI³*OREDO -RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO6FLHQFHV´XQOHVV 8QLWHG6WDWHV RWKHUZLVHQRWHGRQVSHFLILFDUWLFOHV 86$7ROO)UHH 86$7ROO)UHH)D[ 1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHG RUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQV 2IIVHW7\SHVHWWLQJ HOHFWURQLFRUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJ SKRWRFRS\UHFRUGLQJRUDQ\LQIRUPDWLRQ VWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ Open Association of Research Society , Marsh Road, SHUPLVVLRQ Rainham, Essex, London RM13 8EU 7KHRSLQLRQVDQGVWDWHPHQWVPDGHLQWKLV United Kingdom. ERRNDUHWKRVHRIWKHDXWKRUVFRQFHUQHG 8OWUDFXOWXUHKDVQRWYHULILHGDQGQHLWKHU FRQILUPVQRUGHQLHVDQ\RIWKHIRUHJRLQJDQG QRZDUUDQW\RUILWQHVVLVLPSOLHG 3DFNDJLQJ &RQWLQHQWDO'LVSDWFKLQJ (QJDJHZLWKWKHFRQWHQWVKHUHLQDW\RXURZQ ULVN *OREDO-RXUQDOV,QGLD 7KHXVHRIWKLVMRXUQDODQGWKHWHUPVDQG FRQGLWLRQVIRURXUSURYLGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQLV -
Narratology and New Historicism in Keong Mas
NARRATOLOGY AND NEW HISTORICISM IN KEONG MAS Retnowati1; Endang Ernawati2 1, 2English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University Jln. Kemanggisan Illir III No. 45, Palmerah, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to know how the folktale Keong Mas was narrated based on Vladimir Propp’s Narratology (1968). Then the evidence in the story was compared to the historical evidence happening during the reign of the two dynasties in the Kediri Kingdom in the eleventh century using the theory of New Historicism. This research used a qualitative method which was based on library research. Furthermore, the research is to know that the work of literature is not always independent. It can be traced through the historical evidence in the folktale which becomes their clues. It is to inform the readers that a work of literature is actually the imitation, that is the reflection of the society. Keywords: elements of folktale, Propp’s narratology, new historicism, historical events INTRODUCTION Indonesian culture produces many kinds of the folktale. They are variously based on the tribes and the areas where the folktales come from. The characters in folktale would be the mirror of human life in the society (Hendra, 2013). Some of the folktales are now written, and some are translated into foreign languages such as English. The elements of folktale are generally part of the oral tradition of a group, more frequently told than read, passing down from one generation to another, taking on the characteristics of the time and place in which they are told, sometimes taking on the personality of the storyteller, speaking to universal and timeless themes, trying to make sense of our existence, helping humans cope with the world in which they live, or explaining the origin of something, often about the common person and may contain supernatural elements. -
Erfina Prabandari110110201010
Digital Repository Universitas Jember Digital Repository Universitas Jember RELASI KUASA DAN REPRESENTASITOKOH “KEN AROK” DALAM NASKAH DRAMA KEN AROK KARYA SAINI K.M., NASKAH PARARATON, DAN NASKAH NAGARAKRETA- GAMA: PENDEKATAN INTERTEKSTUALITAS SKRIPSI Oleh Erfina Prabandari NIM 110110201010 JURUSAN SASTRA INDONESIA FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2016 i Digital Repository Universitas Jember Digital Repository Universitas Jember RELASI KUASA DAN REPRESENTASITOKOH “KEN AROK” DALAM NASKAH DRAMA KEN AROK KARYA SAINI K.M., NASKAH PARARATON, DAN NASKAH NAGARAKRETA- GAMA: PENDEKATAN INTERTEKSTUALITAS SKRIPSI diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Studi Sastra Indonesia (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Sastra Oleh Erfina Prabandari NIM 110110201010 JURUSAN SASTRA INDONESIA FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2016 ii Digital Repository Universitas Jember Digital Repository Universitas Jember PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini saya persembahan untuk: 1. ayah Syamsul Arifin, Ibu Ermiyati serta nenek Siti Muryana yang tercinta; 2. almamater Fakultas Sastra Universitas Jember; 3. guru-guru sejak taman kanak-kanak sampai dengan perguruan tinggi. iii Digital Repository Universitas Jember Digital Repository Universitas Jember MOTO You are the main character in your live, then live well so you will be remembered as the good figure.1 Terjemahan: Kamu merupakan tokoh utama dalam hidupmu, maka hiduplah dengan baik agar kamu dikenang sebagai tokoh yang baik. Grote dingen zijn niet gedaan door impuls maar een reeks van kleine dingen bij elkaar gebracht.2 Terjemahan: Karya besar tidak dikerjakan oleh dorongan, namun oleh rangkaian hal-hal kecil yang dibawa bersama-sama. 1 Moto karya penulis (Erfina Prabandari), sebelumnya belum pernah diterbitkan atau ditulis dalam media apapun. 2 Tulisan Vincent van Gogh (pelukis terkenal dari Belanda) dalam suratnya untuk Theo van Gogh (Oktober 1882). -
Dinamika Maskulinitas Dan Nasionalisme Masyarakat Jawa Di Era Majapahit
Satwika, vol 4 (2020) issue 1, 116-129 Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial ISSN: 2580-8567 (Print) – 2580- 443X (Online) Journal Homepage: ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/JICC Dinamika Maskulinitas dan Nasionalisme Masyarakat Jawa di Era Majapahit Mega Widyawati a,1*, Eggy Fajar Andalas b,2 a Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Tlogomas 246 Malang, Indonesia, 65144 1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected] * Corresponding Author INFO ARTIKEL ABSTRAK Sejarah Artikel: Maskulinitas dan nasionalisme selama ini menggambarkan fenomena di Diterima: 12 November mana konsepsi negara atau bangsa, termasuk bagian dari kedaulatan dan 2020 identitas yang berkontribusi dalam kaitannya dengan peran gender. Direvisi: 12 November Artinya, mikrokultur maskulinitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari 2020 mengartikulasikan dengan sangat baik dengan tuntutan nasionalisme. Disetujui: 15 November Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk 2020 maskulinitas dan nasionalisme yang beroperasi pada kultur masyarakat Tersedia Daring: 16 Jawa dahulu, tepatnya pada era Kerajaan Majapahit. Penelitian ini November 2020 menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian berupa Kata Kunci: novel Jayaning Majapahit (2014) karya Agus S. Soerono. Teknik Jawa pengumpulan data memakai teknik baca-catat. Analisis data dilakukan Kerajaan Majapahit dengan menyajikan data, menginterpretasi data, dan menarik kesimpulan Maskulinitas berdasarkan tujuan yang dinyatakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Nasionalisme novel Jayaning Majapahit mewacanakan -
Aparatur Sipil Negara, BUKAN Abdi Negara Biasa
Media Edukasi dan Informasi Keuangan EDUKASI KEUANGAN ASN Aparatur Sipil Negara, BUKAN Abdi Negara Biasa Edisi 23/2014 Daftar Isi Salam Redaksi 2 Lintas Peristiwa 4 Liputan Utama 6 Liputan Khusus 14 Profil 18 Kuis 23 Serambi Ilmu 24 Mata Air 53 Klinik Sehat 55 Tips n Trik 56 English Corner 59 Selasar 60 Point Of Interest 61 Kalender Diklat 63 Resensi Buku 64 Kang Edu 65 Redaksi menerima kritik saran, pertanyaan, atau sanggahan terhadap EDUKASI masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan Kementerian Keuangan. K E U A N G A N Sampaikan melalui alamat email : [email protected] Salam Redaksi Belakangan ini muncul beberapa pertanyaan terkait dengan pegawai negeri sipil. Apa benar PNS berubah? Apakah jabatan dalam PNS juga diganti? Pertanyaan tersebut muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Undang-Undang tersebut menggantikan UU Nomor 43 tahun 1999 tentang Pokok Po- kok Kepegawaian. Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Undang- Undang tersebut secara istilah memang menggantikan istilah PNS. Undang-Undang ASN lahir dari usaha reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia, dimana sistem birokrasi menekankan pada efektifitas dan efisiensi. Banyak hal yang “berubah”, paradigma PNS sebagai sebuah pekerjaan mulai dikampanyekan bahwa PNS itu adalah profesi melalui sebutan barunya yaitu Aparatur Sipil Negara. Sebagai sebuah profesi, negara perlu mengatur adanya asas, nilai dasar, kode etik, sampai bagaimana mengembangkan ASN secara terpadu. Penajaman dan penekanan serta profesionalisme aparatur sipil negara terlihat pada butir-butir di Undang-Undang tersebut. Pengertian UU ASN, pokok pokok perubahan serta maksud dan tujuan dari perubahan tersebut kami tuangkan kedalam Liputan Utama Majalah edisi ke-23 ini. -
VU Research Portal
VU Research Portal -- [Review of: Michael Southon (1996) The Naval of the Perahu; Meaning and Values in the Maritime Trading Economy of a Butonese Village] Schoorl, J.W. published in Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde 1996 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Schoorl, J. W. (1996). -- [Review of: Michael Southon (1996) The Naval of the Perahu; Meaning and Values in the Maritime Trading Economy of a Butonese Village]. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde, 152 (2), 326- 327. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Book Reviews - R. Anderson Sutton, Wim van Zanten, Ethnomusicology in the Netherlands: present situation and traces of the past. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies, Leiden University, 1995, ix + 330 pp. -
Swarnnadwipa Abad XIII-XIV Masehi Penggunaan Atas Sumber Emas Di Hulu Batanghari (Sumatra Barat)
Swarnnadwipa Abad XIII-XIV Masehi Penggunaan Atas Sumber Emas di Hulu Batanghari (Sumatra Barat) Bambang Budi Utomo Keywords: inscription, Ancient Melayu, Batanghari River, Adityawarman How to Cite: Utomo, B. B. Swarnnadwipa Abad XIII-XIV Masehi Penggunaan Atas Sumber Emas di Hulu Batanghari (Sumatra Barat). Berkala Arkeologi, 14(2), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.30883/jba.v14i2.728 Berkala Arkeologi https://berkalaarkeologi.kemdikbud.go.id/ Volume 14 No. 2, 1994, 221–226 DOI: 10.30883/jba.v14i2.728 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. SWARNNADWIPA ABAD XIII - XIV MASEHI PENGGUNAAN ATAS SUMBER EMAS DI HULU BATANGHARI (SUMATRA BARAT) Bambang Budi Utomo (Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional} 1 . Pengantar Siguntu r, dan Padangroco di wilayah Provms1 Beberapa waktu yang lampau, pada tanggal Sumatra Barat. 7-8 Desember 1992 di Jambi telah diselenggara Berdasarkan identifikasi unsur pertanggalan kan Seminar Sejarah Melayu Kuna. Kemudian yang diperoleh dari paleografi tulisan-tulisan sing pada tanggal 26 Juni 1993 di Padang telah dise kat pada lempeng emas di Candi Gumpung (Boe lenggaran Oiskusi Arkeologi yang membicara chari, 1984:9; 1985:237-38), tulisan si ngkat pada ka n tokoh Adityawarman. Kedua peristiwa ini ber batu pipisan dari Koto Kandis (Bambang Budi tujuan mengangkat kembali nama Kerajaan Me Utomo, 1990: 1 48), tulisan singkat pada area Bud layu yang telah lebih dari 14 abad tenggelam da dha dari Solok Sipin (Boekhori, 1 979:28), dan pe lam hiruk- pikuknya lakon sejarah Nusantara. cahan-pecahan keramik (Bambang Budi Utomo, DaJam Seminar Sejarah Melayu Kuna ter 1990: 1 48) menunjukkan pertanggalan abad ke- ungkap lokasi kerajaan Melayu ada di daerah Su 13-1 4 Masehi (Bambang Budi Utomo, 1 992) ngai Batanghari, mulai dari daerah hilir di wilayah Pertanggalan situs tersebut menunjukkan di Provinsi Jambi hingga daerah hulu di wilayah Daerah Batanghari pada masa lampau terjadi Provinsi Sumatra Barat Bukti arkeologis menun pergeseran pemukiman. -
Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: a Kawi Prose Anthology
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES THE MICHIGAN SERIES IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS Editorial Board Alton L. Becker John K. Musgrave George B. Simmons Thomas R. Trautmann, chm. Ann Arbor, Michigan INTRODUCTION TO OLD JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: A KAWI PROSE ANTHOLOGY Mary S. Zurbuchen Ann Arbor Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan 1976 The Michigan Series in South and Southeast Asian Languages and Linguistics, 3 Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-16235 International Standard Book Number: 0-89148-053-6 Copyright 1976 by Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-89148-053-2 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12818-1 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90218-7 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ I made my song a coat Covered with embroideries Out of old mythologies.... "A Coat" W. B. Yeats Languages are more to us than systems of thought transference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we call it literature. "Language and Literature" Edward Sapir Contents Preface IX Pronounciation Guide X Vowel Sandhi xi Illustration of Scripts xii Kawi--an Introduction Language ancf History 1 Language and Its Forms 3 Language and Systems of Meaning 6 The Texts 10 Short Readings 13 Sentences 14 Paragraphs.. -
The Dynamics of Inland and Maritime Cultures Relations in the History of Java Island, Indonesia
Journal of Marine and Island Cultures (2013) 2, 115–127 Journal of Marine and Island Cultures www.sciencedirect.com Contest for hegemony: The dynamics of inland and maritime cultures relations in the history of Java island, Indonesia Singgih Tri Sulistiyono *, Yety Rochwulaningsih Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Received 22 May 2013; accepted 10 October 2013 Available online 5 December 2013 KEYWORDS Abstract The main purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of relation between inland Inland culture; and maritime cultures in an insular region by taking Java island, Indonesia, as an object of study. Maritime culture; Java island is located in the midst of Indonesian archipelago which is geographically recognized as Insular region; the ‘‘maritime continent’’ and the widest insular region in the world. During the history, Java has Maritime continent been one of the most important islands not only in the Indonesian archipelago but also in Southeast Asian region. It is interesting that Java has not only varied maritime cultures but also feudalistic inland culture. Moreover, during the course of history there has been a latent contesting relation- ship among the two different types of culture, which has been coloring the history of Indonesia at large till the present day. ª 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institution for Marine and Island Cultures, Mokpo National University. Introduction ognized as the widest insular region in the world (Lapian, 1996; Tangsubkul, 1984). 1 Many people possibly think that By taking Java island as the focus of the study, this article tries the culture which develops in Indonesian islands must have to construct a reality of cultural plurality developing in the 1 The Southeast Asian archipelagic state: Con- Indonesian archipelago as an area which is geographically rec- See P. -
Marketing the History of Kediri Through the Integrated Website "Kediri Kita.Com"
ICIS 2020 2020 International Conference of Interdisciplinary Sciences No. Issue: 1 | Review and Perspective | pp. 25-30 Marketing the history of Kediri through the integrated website "kediri kita.com" Nevia Octi Nilasari1,*, , Bangun Prayogo2, Rendra T Sanjaya3, Ibnu Qoyyim4 1,2,3,4 Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Kadiri, Kediri, Indonesia [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 January 2020; Accepted: 26 January 2020; Published: 5 July 2020 Abstract: the purpose of this study is design of website information to guide people find information of historical destination in Kediri. Kediri has a long history since the Hinduism- Buddhism era and Also the era of Dutch-Portuguese colonialism, it makes Kediri has many traces of history can still be seen today such as the temple of the kingdom of Kadiri, the kelud, and old Dutch buildings architecture such as Kediri station, the old bridge and many more. This makes a lot of tourists visiting Kediri, the tourists Generally seek many information through the Internet, but the information Obtained Generally unorganized, this is the reason for the developing a website that Provides a wide information about the history of Kediri, Routes of travel and hotels in Kediri in a single website. The method used content analysis and observation. An observation was conducted on the websites, literatures, and secondary of data on the internet about Kediri. The result has website that contains information of historical object in Kediri. Keywords: Community history of Kediri, website 1. Introduction Kediri is one of the cities in East Java that own many history, Kediri has many historical traces since Hinduism and Buddhism era also the era of Dutch and Portuguese colonialism. -
Rb03d41h-Hubungan Malayu-Pendahuluan.Pdf
1 BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Berita pertama mengenai keberadaan Kerajaan Malayu Kuno didapatkan dari catatan Dinasti Tang, yaitu mengenai datangnya utusan dari daerah Mo-lo-yeu di Cina pada tahun 644 dan 645 Masehi. Nama Mo-lo-yeu ini sangat mungkin dihubungkan dengan kerajaan Malayu yang letaknya di pantai timur Sumatra dengan pusatnya sekitar Jambi (Soemadio, (ed.), 1984: 81). Kerajaan Malayu berkembang pada pertengahan abad ke-7 Masehi sampai dengan akhir abad ke-14 Masehi. Sampai saat ini, baru ditemukan sekitar 30 buah prasasti yang berasal dari kerajaan itu. Prasasti-prasasti itu tersebar di berbagai tempat, sebagian ada di wilayah provinsi Jambi, sebagian lagi di wilayah provinsi Sumatra Barat dan ada pula satu prasasti yang ditemukan di daerah Malang, Jawa Timur, yaitu prasasti pada patung Amoghapāśa di Candi Jago. Penelitian terhadap prasasti-prasasti itu telah lama dilakukan, namun sebagian prasasti hingga saat ini masih dipermasalahkan. Keadaan ini ditambah lagi dengan terbatasnya sumber sejarah yang berkaitan dengan kerajaan Malayu sehingga beberapa bagian dari kisah kerajaan Malayu masih belum jelas, bahkan belum dapat diketahui sama sekali (Djafar, 1992: 2). Universitas Indonesia Hubungan Malayu..., Daulat Fajar Yanuar, FIB UI, 2009 2 Prasasti-prasasti Kerajaan Malayu umumnya dipahatkan di beberapa jenis batu, logam dan di belakang arca. Prasasti-prasastinya antara lain terdiri dari angka tahun, kata-kata mantra Buddha (dalam jumlah besar) dan prasasti-prasasti pendek. Prasasti-prasasti yang panjang dan memuat data yang agak jelas dikeluarkan setelah tahun 1208 Masehi (abad ke-13 – 14 Masehi), yang merupakan puncak kejayaan Malayu Kuno, sehingga sulit mengetahui keadaan kerajaan Malayu Kuno sebelum abad ke-13 Masehi karena data tertulis tidak mendukungnya (Djafar, 1992: 3).