Dicionário Etimológico Possa Ajudar Na Memorização De Alguns Termos Utilizados No Dia a Dia

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Dicionário Etimológico Possa Ajudar Na Memorização De Alguns Termos Utilizados No Dia a Dia Etimologia de termos Morfológicos Ricardo Santos Simões João Henrique Rodrigues Castello Girão Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso Rinaldo Florencio da Silva Luís Garcia Alonso Sérgio Ricardo Marques INTRODUÇÃO A medicina, como uma das mais antigas atividades do homem, desenvolveu uma linguagem própria que, ao leigo, se afigura de difícil entendimento. Do mesmo modo, o estudante da área biológica se assusta no início do curso devido a tantas palavras novas que deve aprender e tem dificuldades em memorizar. Isso ocorre principalmente no primeiro ano do curso onde tem que aprender os nomes das inúmeras partes do corpo humano (Anatomia, Histologia e Embriologia) cujas palavras têm origem no grego e no latim. Para facilitar a memorização e o aprendizado dessa terminologia, que é á base de todo o aprendizado morfológico, algumas noções sobre a formação das palavras que originaram tais termos são muito úteis. Os nomes das estruturas como as conhecemos, na atualidade, advêm principalmente dos estudos de antigos povos que derem inúmeros nomes para a mesma estrutura. Para normatizar esses nomes foi criada uma terminologia baseando-se principalmente no latim. Em conseqüência, os termos biológicos existentes foram trduzidos desse idioma para as várias línguas existentes. Deve ser mencionar que a maioria dos termos é de origem grega ou romana, que sofreram alterações e que se mantiveram nas línguas atuais. Nesse sentido temos várias sociedades que se preocupam com a normatização dos nomes das estruturas, de tal maneira que vários congressos são realizados nesse sentido, visto que com a globalização, há a necessidade de uniformizar essa linguagem, para que todos possam se comunicar. Os termos utlizados na morfologia têm a vantagem de expressar em poucas palavras fatos e conceitos que, de outro modo, demandariam locuções e frases extensas. Cada termo utilizado nas aulas de morfologia, tal como ocorre em outras áreas do conhecimento humano, caracteriza um objeto, indica uma ação ou representa a síntese de uma idéia, ou de um fenômeno, assim como a definição de um processo, contendo em si, muitas vezes, verdadeira holofrase, cujo sentido está implícito na própria palavra. 1 Assim espero que este pequeno dicionário etimológico possa ajudar na memorização de alguns termos utilizados no dia a dia. São Paulo, 14 de abril de 2014 2 Sumário A..............................................................................................................................4 B............................................................................................................................ 14 C............................................................................................................................ 17 D............................................................................................................................ 28 E............................................................................................................................ 31 F............................................................................................................................ 37 G............................................................................................................................ 40 H........................................................................................................................... 43 I............................................................................................................................ 47 J........................................................................................................................... 50 K............................................................................................................................ 50 L............................................................................................................................ 50 M............................................................................................................................ 53 N............................................................................................................................ 60 O............................................................................................................................ 62 P............................................................................................................................ 66 Q........................................................................................................................... 77 R............................................................................................................................ 78 S........................................................................................................................... 81 T............................................................................................................................ 86 U............................................................................................................................ 90 V........................................................................................................................... 91 X........................................................................................................................... 93 Z............................................................................................................................ 93 Formação dos Termos Médicos Referências Bilbiográficas 3 A Abdome – Origem incerta, talvez do latim Abdere, esconder. Existem outras prováveis derivações tais como do Latim Omentum, membrana rendada, Adps, gordura animal, Ab, longe, Domus, cabeça. Em latim a palavra Omem significa também augúrio, presságio, estando associada à prática antiga de examinar as vísceras de animais para predizer o futuro. Abdução - do latim Ab, longe e Ducere = conduzir. Em anatomia refere-se ao afastamento de um membro do eixo do corpo, da linha média. Abducente – do latim Ab, longe e Ducere, conduzir. Refere-se ao VI par de nervos encefálicos, que foi descrito por Bartolommeo Eustachio em 1564. Que inervando o músculo reto lateral do olho, abduz o bulbo do olho, desviando lateralmente o centro da pupila. O músculo reto lateral do olho já foi chamado de musculus amatorius (músculo dos amantes), porque sua ação produz o olhar de soslaio, único permitido às donzelas apaixonadas dos séculaos passados. Abdutor – do latim Ab, longe; Ducere, conduzir e Actor, agente. Aberração – do latim Ab(s), a partir, separação; Errā(re), desviar, extraviar. Devio de um tipo normal. Aberrante – do latim Aberrare, extraviar-se, Ab, longe e Errare, vagar. Termo aplicado a um vaso ou nervo que esta fora do seu lugar habitual ou que sofreu desenvolvimento embriológico diferente do esperado. Aborto – do latim Ab com anomalia e Ortu(m) nascido. Interrupção de forma natural ou provocada do desenvolvimento do feto durante a gravidez. O tema oborto é muito discutido pela sociedde Brasileira, no entanto, até o presente momento (2011) no Brasil é considerado crime, exceto em duas situações: de estupro e de risco de vida materno. A proposta de um Anteprojeto de Lei, que está tramitando no Congresso Nacional, alterando o Código Penal, inclui uma terceira possibilidade quando da constatação anomalias fetais. Absorção – do latim Ab(s), a partir de; separação e Sorb(ere), sorver. Captação de substâncias para a corrente sanguínea. Acantócito – do grego Akanth, espinha(o) e Kyto, célula. Célula que apresenta “espinhos”. Acéfalo – do grego A(n), sem, ausência e Kephal, cabeça. Que não tem cabeça. Acelomado - do grego A(n), sem, ausência e Koilo, oco, ventre e Ō-ma, conjunto. Animal que não possui celoma. Acessório – do latim Accessorius, acessório; Ascedere, por a mais, acrescentar. Termo utilizado para estruturas que são suplementares a outras, geralmente vasos, nervos ou ductos. O nome tanto pode significar que, embora nervo encefálico receba fibras de raízes espinais ou tenha função complementar à do nervo vago. Acetábulo – origem incerta. Talvez do latim Acetum, vinagre; e Abulum, pequena vasilha, gamela; Acceptabulum, pequeno recipiente. Na Roma antiga, a palavra era empregada para qualquer pequeno recipiente de boca larga que ia à mesa, como os de vinho ou vinagre. Também era uma medida de capacidade líquida, equivalente a uma xícara (moderna) de chá. Em Anatomia, designa o encaixe para a cabeça do fêmur. O termo já se encontra nas descrições de Plínio e Celso. Rufo de Éfeso afirma: “o que os gregos chamam “kotíle”, os romanos chamam “acetabulum”. Acidente – do latim Ad, junto, Cad(ere)/-cid(ere), queda; Nte(m), que faz, que ocorre. Fato imprevisto ou doença que ocorre derrepente, tal como acidente vascular cerebral, ataque isquêmico transitório. Acidofilia – do latim Acidum, ácido, e do grego Philein, amar. As estruturas que reagem com um corante ácido são chamadas acidófilas que significa ter afinidade por ácidos. 4 Ácino – do latim Acinus, uva, bago de uva. Um pequeno saco terminal nos pulmões ou numa glândula pluricelular, tal como no pâncreas. Acme – do grego Akme, ponta, extremo. Período de maior intensidade de uma doença. Acrocentrico – do grego Acros, extremidade. Normalmente este termo é utilizado para cromossomas que apresentam um centrômero localizado numa das extremidades. Seriam denominados de cromossomos acrocêntricos. Acromático – do grego A, negação e Cromatos, cor. Sem cor. Pessoa que não consegue ver côres. No entanto, em citologia existe este termo derivado da palavra grega Acros, extremidade. Neste último sentido
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