Greensboro Sit In's by Azefor a Introduction

Greensboro sit in's By Azefor A Introduction

Did you know on February 1, 1960, four black teens sat down at a "whites-only" Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair Jr. and David Richmond wanted much more than the coﬀee and donuts the waitress refused to serve them. Their goal was to stop the unfair treatment of blacks at that lunch counter and many other places in the United States. Even though they were refuse service they were still able to sit there. You want to now what the Greensboro sit in did they tolled the whites that they have had enough the blacks are saying they are equal now so we can do what the whites can do so the tuck a stand. You want to know when they did that On February 1, 1960 at the Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro. Want to now why because they have had enough of the whites they were telling the whites that the blacks are standing up for them selfs. All of this things I have been telling you is how they were part of the civil rights movement to make blacks and whites equal. Introduction

Blairpeace Jr. Davidbetween Richmond blacks onand of whites them was and like on matin lutherMonday, king theit was International. McNeil was Like Museum Martin visitors Luther canKing, Jr. In the Greensboro, hundreds of students, civil Hewatch also wanteda film on peace the sit-inbetween story blacks and andcan whiteseven get and on rights organizations, churches, and members of Monday,a glimpse the of International. the famous Museumstools and visitors counter can watch a the community joined in a six-month-long filmwhere on the the sit-in Greensboro story and Four can evenfirst satget a50 glimpse years of the protest. Their commitment ultimately led to the famousago. This stools what and made counter them where part the of theGreensboro civil rights Four desegregation of the F. W. Woolworth lunch firsthistory. sat 50 By years 1960, ago. it hadThis beenwhat madesix years them since part a of the counter on July 25, 1960. Did you also now Ezell civilSupreme rights history. Court decisionBy 1960, ithad had made been schoolsix years since a A. Blair, Jr. (now Jibreel Khazan), Franklin E. Supremesegregation, Court or decision the separation had made of school white segregation, and black McCain, Joseph A. McNeil, and David L. orstudents, the separation illegal. of Still, white in andmany black parts students, of the illegal. Richmond leave the Woolworth store after the Still,country, in many little parts had of changed. the country, In the little South, had changed. many In first sit-in on February 1, 1960. (Courtesy of therestaurants, South, many hospitals restaurants, and hospitalsparks remained and parks Greensboro News and Record) get this On the remainedsegregated. segregated. Martin LutherMartin LutherKing liked King what liked the what sit the second day of the Greensboro sit-in, Joseph A. sitin's in's did did he he liked liked thatthat becausebecause theythey were were showing showing the McNeil and Franklin E. McCain are joined by whites that they are equal now so the Greensboro sit in's the whites that they are equal now so the William Smith and Clarence Henderson at the were telling the whites they are now equal so we can eat Greensboro sit in's were telling the whites they Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, North at the same restaurant sleep in the same apartment we are now equal so we can eat at the same Carolina.(Courtesy of Greensboro News and can also sit at the same lunch counter. Did you now The Record). "Greensbororestaurant sleepFour," inalong the withsame friends apartment and supporters, we can continuedalso sit at to the return same to lunchthe lunch counter. counter Did every you day.now After sixThe months, "Greensboro the students Four," were along finally with served. friends and supporters, continued to return to the lunch counter every day. After six months, the students were finally served. Northw Carolina. Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, Ezell ChapterBlair Jr. David Richmond 1 on of them was like matin luther king it was McNeil was Like Martin Luther King, Jr. He also wanted Northw Carolina. Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, Ezell

Blairpeace Jr. Davidbetween Richmond blacks onand of whites them was and like on matin lutherMonday, king theit was International. McNeil was Like Museum Martin visitors Luther canKing, Jr. In the Greensboro, hundreds of students, civil Hewatch also wanteda film on peace the sit-inbetween story blacks and andcan whiteseven get and on rights organizations, churches, and members of Monday,a glimpse the of International. the famous Museumstools and visitors counter can watch a the community joined in a six-month-long filmwhere on the the sit-in Greensboro story and Four can evenfirst satget a50 glimpse years of the protest. Their commitment ultimately led to the famousago. This stools what and made counter them where part the of theGreensboro civil rights Four desegregation of the F. W. Woolworth lunch firsthistory. sat 50 By years 1960, ago. it hadThis beenwhat madesix years them since part a of the counter on July 25, 1960. Did you also now Ezell civilSupreme rights history. Court decisionBy 1960, ithad had made been schoolsix years since a A. Blair, Jr. (now Jibreel Khazan), Franklin E. Supremesegregation, Court or decision the separation had made of school white segregation, and black McCain, Joseph A. McNeil, and David L. orstudents, the separation illegal. of Still, white in andmany black parts students, of the illegal. Richmond leave the Woolworth store after the Still,country, in many little parts had of changed. the country, In the little South, had changed. many In first sit-in on February 1, 1960. (Courtesy of therestaurants, South, many hospitals restaurants, and hospitalsparks remained and parks Greensboro News and Record) get this On the remainedsegregated. segregated. Martin LutherMartin LutherKing liked King what liked the what sit the second day of the Greensboro sit-in, Joseph A. sitin's in's did did he he liked liked thatthat becausebecause theythey were were showing showing the McNeil and Franklin E. McCain are joined by whites that they are equal now so the Greensboro sit in's the whites that they are equal now so the William Smith and Clarence Henderson at the were telling the whites they are now equal so we can eat Greensboro sit in's were telling the whites they Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, North at the same restaurant sleep in the same apartment we are now equal so we can eat at the same Carolina.(Courtesy of Greensboro News and can also sit at the same lunch counter. Did you now The Record). "Greensbororestaurant sleepFour," inalong the withsame friends apartment and supporters, we can continuedalso sit at to the return same to lunchthe lunch counter. counter Did every you day.now After sixThe months, "Greensboro the students Four," were along finally with served. friends and supporters, continued to return to the lunch counter every day. After six months, the students were finally served. Did you know by the time The Greensboro Sit-Ins of 1960 provoked all manner of emotions when they occurred and they remain an important part of civil rights history. Accepting and taking to the limit Martin Luther King’s idea of non- violence and peaceful protests, the sit-ins provoked the type of reaction the Civil Rights movement wanted – public condemnation of the treatment of those involved but also continuing to highlight the issue of desegregation in the South. The sit-ins started in 1960 at Greensboro, North Carolina.did you now In this city, on February 1st, 1960, four African American college students from North Carolina A+T College (an all-black college) went to get served in an all-white restaurant at Woolworth’s.

In the Chapter 2 Gre ens boro , hun dred s of stud ents , civil right s orga niza tion s, chur ches , and me mbe rs of the com mun ity join ed in a six- mon th- long prot est. Thei r com mit men t ulti mat ely led to the dese greg atio n of the F. W. Woo lwor th lunc h cou nter on July 25, 196 0. Did you also now Ezell A. Blair , Jr. (no w Jibre el Kha zan), Fran klin E. McC ain, Jose ph A. McN eil, and Davi d L. Rich mon d leav e the Woo lwor th stor e after the ﬁrst sit- in on Febr uary 1, 196 0. (Cou rtes y of Gre ens boro New s and Rec ord) get this On the seco nd day of the Gre ens boro sit- in, Jose ph A. McN eil and Fran klin E. McC ain are join ed by Willi am Smit h and Clar ence Hen ders on at the Woo lwor th lunc h cou nter in Gre ens boro , Nort h Caro lina. (Cou rtes y of Gre ens boro New s and Rec ord). Did you know by the time The Greensboro Sit-Ins of 1960 provoked all manner of emotions when they occurred and they remain an important part of civil rights history. Accepting and taking to the limit Martin Luther King’s idea of non- violence and peaceful protests, the sit-ins provoked the type of reaction the Civil Rights movement wanted – public condemnation of the treatment of those involved but also continuing to highlight the issue of desegregation in the South. The sit-ins started in 1960 at Greensboro, North Carolina.did you now In this city, on February 1st, 1960, four African American college students from North Carolina A+T College (an all-black college) went to get served in an all-white restaurant at Woolworth’s.

Did you know The photos of students (both Segregated food counters throughout Greensboro white and African American) having food poured were affected.. More and more students across over them at lunch counters by those opposed the South copied the Greensboro example of to what they wanted, had an effect on the public direct action. By February 7th, there were 54 sit-ins in northern, eastern and western states. Many throughout the South in 15 cities in 9 states. Did were horrified that at a time when the you now One reason put forward for this approach dictatorship of the Soviet Union was made clear by the students was that they had seen little return to all, that such behavior could take place in from other movements and they wanted the pace America – the land of the free. However, as of the drive for equality speeded up. A future civil Eisenhower had wished for, changes in the right leader, Robert Moses, claimed that he was South had to come from the heart and not be sparked into action by the “sullen, angry and enforced by a court in Washington; the protests determined look” of the protesters that differed so only hardened attitudes amongst much from the “defensive, cringing” expre that whitesegregationists in the South. The sit-ins did have some impact. Stores in Atlanta, the city most associated with King, desegregated. Chapter 2

Letter to Rosa parks from Ezell

The Greensboro sit in's are brave because the took a stand they were try to take a stand and show the whites that both of them are equal now and they have equal rights they were being brave like Rosa parks when she refused to give up her seat to a white person on the bus. when the Greensboro sit in's heard about that they were trying to be brave like Rosa parks so that is why they did what they did to be part of the civil rights movements and thank you Rosa parks for showing use some times we can also take a stand and be brave as well.

I will tell you who the SNCC and how they also One involved itself with issues in the South. The I will One theoI position of the African Americans in the north tell theo ry Chapter 4 hadwill taken a backseat despite Ella Baker’s plea you ry put thattell SNCC should involve itself with housing, who put forw healthyou care, voting and employment throughout the forw ard America. Baker was the executive director of the SNC ard forwh SCLC. The NAACP never endorsed the sit-ins C for thiso probably because of the different generations and this is involved.the The older NAACP leadership was how is that clearlySN out of touch with the younger members they that thos of SNCC. Local NAACP groups did help the also thos e inCC students with legal advice and bail money but invo e in theand this was done at an individual level not with the lved the NAA blessingho of the NAACP hierarchy. One theory put itsel NAA CP forwardw for this is that those in the NAACP had f CP had jobs,the mortgages etc and they feared losing all with had jobs, that they had if they were deemed outright issu jobs, mory supporters of direct action. es in mor tgagals the tgag eso Sout es etcinv h. etc and The and theyolv posi they feared tion fear editse of ed losinlf the losin g all wit Afric g all that an that theyh Ame they hadiss rica had if ues ns in if theyin the they wer nort wer e the h e deeSou had dee medth. take med outrThe n a outr ight pos back ight sup seat sup portitio des port ersn of pite ers ofthe Ella of direAfri Bak dire ct er’s ct actican plea acti on.Am that on. Aseric SNC As studans C stud ents in sho ents , the uld , the youtthe invo yout hsnor lve hs hadth itsel had muchad f muc h with h lesstak hou less toen sing, to lose.a heal lose. didbac th did you kse care you now , now Regat voti Reg ardldes ng ardl esspite and ess ofElla emp of this loy this lackBak men lack ofer’s t of supple thro sup porta ugh port at tha out at the Ame the hight rica. high estSN Bak est levelCC er level insho was in the the the NAAuld exec NAA CP,inv utiv CP, overolv e over 70,0e dire 70,0 00 itse ctor 00 peo of peo plelf the ple tookwit SCL took parth C. part inho The in the NAA the sit-usi CP sit- ins.ng, neve ins. Theyhea r They evenlth end even spre car orse spre ad d ad toe, the to nortvoti sit- nort hernng ins hern statand prob stat es ably es suchem beca such asplo use as Alabym of Alab amaent the ama and thr diffe and Ohi rent Ohi o oug gen o andho erati and theut ons the westAm invo west ern lved. ern stateric The stat e ofa. olde e of NevBak r Nev ada.er NAA ada. Sit- was CP Sit- ins lead ins protthe ersh prot esteexe ip este d cuti was d above clea abo ut rly ut segrdire out segr egatcto of egat edr of touc ed swithe h swi mmi SCL with mmi ng the ng poolC. you pool s, The nger s, luncNA me lunc h AC mbe h cou rs of cou nterP SNC nter s, nev C. s, libraer Loca libra ries,end l ries, tran ors NAA tran spor CP spor t ed grou t facilithe ps facili ties,sit- did ties, musins help mus eum the eum s, pro stud s, artbab ents art gallely with galle ries,bec legal ries, park aus advi park s ce s ande of and and beacthe bail beac hes.diff mon hes. Byere ey By sim but sim plynt this ply highgen was high lightera don light ingtio e at ing such ns an such prac indi prac ticesinv vidu tices , theolv al , the studed. level stud entsThe not ents can with can claiold the clai mer to bles m to havNA sing hav e AC of e play P the play ed a NAA ed a signilea CP signi ficader hier fica ntshi arch nt partp y. part in in thewas the histcle hist oryarly ory ofout of the of the civil civil righttou right s ch s movwit mov emeh eme nt.di nt.di d the d youyou you nownge now Byr By 196 me 196 0, 0, themb the Civilers Civil Righof Righ ts SN ts Mov Mov emeCC. eme ntLoc nt hadal had gainNA gain ed AC ed stro stro ngP ng mogro mo menups men tum.did tum. The The nonhel non violep viole ntthe nt meastu mea sure den sure s s empts emp loyewit loye d hby d by Martleg Mart inLu inLu theral ther Kingadv King Jr.ice Jr. helpand help ed bail ed Afric Afric anmo an Ameney Ame ricabut rica n this n activ activ istswas ists windo win supne sup portat port ers an ers acro acro ssindi ss thevid the couual cou ntrylev ntry and and throel thro ughnot ugh outwit out theh the worl the worl d. d. ble ssi ng of the NA AC P hier arc hy. Chapter 3

Letter to Rosa parks from Ezell

I will tell you who the SNCC and how they also involved itself with issues in the South. The position of the African Americans in the north had taken a backseat despite Ella Baker’s plea that SNCC should involve itself with housing, health care, voting and employment throughout America. Baker was the executive director of the SCLC. The NAACP never endorsed the sit-ins probably because of the diﬀerent generations involved. The older NAACP leadership was clearly out of touch with the younger members of SNCC. Local NAACP groups did help the students with legal advice and bail money but this was done at an individual level not with the blessing of the NAACP hierarchy. One theory put forward for this is that those in the NAACP had jobs, mortgages etc and they feared losing all that they had if they were deemed outright supporters of direct action.

http://www.ushistory.org/us/54d.asp Sit-OneLetter to Rosa parks from Ezell Chahttp://www.sps186.org/teachers/jfrech/? ins the p=103563&b=7 protory The Greensboro sit in's are brave becausehttp://www.timeforkids.com/news/sitting-down- the take-stand/5426 esteput took a stand they were try to take a stand andpte d show the whites that both of them are equalhttp://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/6- for abo now and they have equal rights they were beingrlegacy/freedom-struggle-2.html 3 ut warbrave like Rosa parks when she refused to givehttp://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil- segrd up her seat to a white person on the bus. whenrights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/ egatfor the Greensboro sit in's heard about that theygreensboro-1960/ ed thiswere trying to be brave like Rosa parks so that is swiis why they did what they did to be part of the civil mmithatrights movements and thank you Rosa parks for ng thoshowing use some times we can also take a poolse stand and be brave as well. s, in lunc h the couNAA nterCP s, had librajobs ries,, tranmor sportga t ges facili ties,etc musand eumthe s, y art fear galleed ries,losi parkng s all and beacthat hes.the By y simhad ply if highthe lighty ing wer such e prac ticesdee , theme studd entsoutr canight claisup m toport havers e of play ed adire signict ﬁcaacti nt on. partAs in stu theden histts, ory the of theyou civilths righthad s mu movch emeless nt.dito d lose you .did now By you 196now 0, Reg theardl Civiless Righof ts this Movlack eme of nt hadsup gainport ed at strothe ng hig mohes ment tum.leve The l in non violethe nt NAA meaCP, sureove s r emp70,0 loye00 d bypeo Mart ple inLu thertoo Kingk Jr. part helpin ed the Africsit- an ins. AmeThe rica y n activeve istsn winspr supead portto ers nort acroher ss n the stat cou ntryes andsuc throh as ughAla outba thema worland d. Ohi

o and the wes tern stat e of Nev ada. Sit- ins prot este d abo ut segr ega ted swi mm ing poo ls, lunc h cou nter s, libr arie s, tran spo rt facil ities , mu seu ms, art gall erie s, par ks and bea che s. By sim ply hig hlig htin g suc h pra ctic es, the stu den ts can clai m to hav e play ed a sign iﬁca nt part in the hist ory of the civil righ ts mo vem ent. did you now By 196 0, the Civil Rig hts Mov em ent had gain ed stro ng mo me ntu m. The non viol ent me asu res em ploy ed by Mar tinL uth erKi ngJr . hel ped Afri can Am eric an acti vist s win sup port ers acr oss the cou ntry and thro ugh out the wor ld.

Chapter 4

Bibliography

http://www.ushistory.org/us/54d.asp http://www.sps186.org/teachers/jfrech/? p=103563&b=7 http://www.timeforkids.com/news/sitting-down- take-stand/5426 http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/6- legacy/freedom-struggle-2.html http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil- rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/ greensboro-1960/

I will tell One you theo who ry the put SNC forw C ard and for how this they is also that invo thos lved e in itsel the f NAA with CP issu had es in jobs, the mor Sout tgag h. es The etc posi and tion they of fear the ed Afric losin an g all Ame that rica they ns in had the if nort they h wer had e take dee n a med back outr seat ight des sup pite port Ella ers Bak of er’s dire plea ct that acti SNC on. C As sho stud uld ents invo , the lve yout itsel hs f had with muc hou h sing, less heal to th lose. care did , you voti now ng Reg and ardl emp ess loy of men this t lack thro of ugh sup out port Ame at rica. the Bak high er est was level the in exec the utiv NAA e CP, dire over ctor 70,0 of 00 the peo SCL ple C. took The part NAA in CP the neve sit- r ins. end They orse even d spre the ad sit- to ins nort prob hern ably stat beca es use such of as the Alab diﬀe ama rent and gen Ohi erati o ons and invo the lved. west The ern olde stat r e of NAA Nev CP ada. lead Sit- ersh ins ip prot was este clea d rly abo out ut of segr touc egat h ed with swi the mmi you ng nger pool me s, mbe lunc rs of h SNC cou C. nter Loca s, l libra NAA ries, CP tran grou spor ps t did facili help ties, the mus stud eum ents s, with art legal galle advi ries, ce park and s bail and mon beac ey hes. but By this sim was ply don high e at light an ing indi such vidu prac al tices level , the not stud with ents the can bles clai sing m to of hav the e NAA play CP ed a hier signi arch ﬁca y. nt part in the hist ory of the civil right s mov eme nt.di d you now By 196 0, the Civil Righ ts Mov eme nt had gain ed stro ng mo men tum. The non viole nt mea sure s emp loye d by Mart inLu ther King Jr. help ed Afric an Ame rica n activ ists win sup port ers acro ss the cou ntry and thro ugh out the worl d.

Bibliography