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January 16, 2006 Dear Reader, During 2005 It Became Apparent That Canadian Provinces Were Operating Largely in Isolation Along T January 16, 2006 Dear Reader, During 2005 it became apparent that Canadian provinces were operating largely in isolation along their own timeframes to develop interconnection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms. Particularly at the transmission level, 69kV and above, this was recognised as likely to lead to different sets or requirements with different rules and stringencies in each province whereas a clear benefit could be seen for the all stakeholders in a process of consultation leading to a unified and common set of interconnection requirements across Canada. CanWEA commissioned Garrad Hassan to examine these issues and propose a set of basic common interconnection requirements (a Base Code) and a path for CanWEA to take them forward with stakeholders, notably the provincial utilities and transmission system operators. This work was partially funded by the Government of Canada’s Climate Change Action Plan 2003, through the Technology and Innovation Program (under the Distributed Energy Production activities). The Base Code proposed by GH incorporates the existing codes developed in Alberta, Ontario, Québec, and through the American Wind Energy Association. It adopts a structure allowing variability in requirements to accommodate both provincial differences and site specific differences. The Base Code contains ten items, some of which are mandatory requirements, some variable, and some of which are not enabled but are recommended for further development ahead of potential future implementation. Going forward, CanWEA will be taking the Base Code implementation through a process of consultation with the Canadian utilities and transmission system operators within Canada, and in parallel through a similar process with AWEA and the North American Electricity Reliability Council (NERC). The Executive Summary and proposed Grid Code (in both English and French) are provided below, in addition to the full report (in English only). Thank you for your interest, Yours sincerely, Robert Hornung President 220 Laurier Avenue, Suite 320, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5Z9 Phone: 1-800-922-6932 or (613) 234-8716 Fax: 613-234-5642 www.canwea.ca [email protected] Executive Summary This report provides a brief on work undertaken by Garrad Hassan (GH) on behalf of the Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA). During 2005 it became apparent that Canadian provinces were operating largely in isolation along their own timeframes to develop interconnection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms. Particularly at the transmission level, 69kV and above, this was recognised as likely to lead to different sets or requirements with different rules and stringencies in each province whereas a clear benefit could be seen for the all stakeholders in a process of consultation leading to a unified and common set of interconnection requirements across Canada. GH was commissioned by CanWEA to examine these issues and propose a set of basic common interconnection requirements (a Base Code) and a path for CanWEA to take them forward with stakeholders, notably the provincial utilities and transmission system operators. GH undertook a complete review of interconnection and grid integration issues in North America together with a more detailed examination of each Canadian province, its issues and progress towards a set of interconnection requirements for wind at transmission level. Following on from this GH were able to draw recommendations on a Base Code for CanWEA to adopt and how best to take it forward. The Base Code proposed by GH incorporates the existing codes developed in Alberta, Ontario, Québec, and through the American Wind Energy Association, and adopts a structure allowing variability in requirements to accommodate both provincial differences and site specific differences. The Base Code contains ten items, some of which are mandatory requirements, some variable, and some of which are not enabled but are recommended for further development ahead of potential future implementation. The proposed Base Code is as follows, 1. Frequency tolerance mandatory 2. Voltage tolerance mandatory 3. Power control not a current requirement 4. Reactive power capability/control variable 5. Voltage control variable 6. Frequency response not a current requirement 7. Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) mandatory but variable 8. Power system stabilisers not a current requirement 9. Data Provision mandatory 10. Operational monitoring mandatory GH concluded that the CanWEA should take the Base Code implementation forward through a process of consultation with the Canadian utlities and transmission system operators within Canada, and in parallel through a similar process with AWEA and the North American Electricity Reliability Council (NERC). Time has been identified as of the essence due to ongoing developments throughout North America. The complete proposed Grid Code is provided below. © 2005 Garrad Hassan Canada Inc. Sommaire Le présent rapport fait état des travaux réalisés par Garrad Hassan (GH) pour le compte de l’Association canadienne de l'énergie éolienne (ACÉÉ). En 2005, on a constaté que les provinces canadiennes travaillaient en grande partie de manière isolée, en suivant chacune son propre calendrier, pour la définition d’exigences d’interconnexion des éoliennes et des parcs d’éoliennes. En ce qui a trait notamment au transport, sous 69 kV et plus, on a reconnu que la présente situation pourrait probablement mener à l’adoption de conditions ou d’exigences différentes, de règles et d’obligations variables d’une province à l’autre, alors qu’il y aurait nettement avantage à ce que tous les intéressés participent à un processus de consultation en vue d’établir un ensemble d’exigences d’interconnexion unifiées et communes à l’échelle du Canada. GH a été chargé par l’ACÉÉ d’examiner la question et de proposer un ensemble d’exigences de base communes en matière d’interconnexion (un Code de base) ainsi qu’un processus permettant à l’ACÉÉ de communiquer ces exigences aux intéressés, notamment aux services publics et aux exploitants de systèmes de transport d’électricité provinciaux. GH a effectué un examen général des enjeux de l’interconnexion et de l’intégration des réseaux en Amérique du Nord ainsi qu’un examen plus détaillé de la situation particulière de chacune des provinces canadiennes et de leurs progrès en ce qui concerne l’établissement d’exigences d’interconnexion pour les éoliennes au niveau du transport. Dans la foulée de ces travaux, GH a pu formuler des recommandations pour l’adoption et la mise en oeuvre optimale d’un Code de base par l’ACÉÉ. Le Code de base proposé par GH intègre les codes existants élaborés en Alberta, en Ontario, au Québec, et par l’intermédiaire de l’American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). Ce code adopte une structure qui permet aux exigences de varier en fonction des différences provinciales et des particularités des différents emplacements. Le Code regroupe dix points, comprenant des exigences obligatoires, des exigences variables ainsi que des dispositions non actives qui sont seulement recommandées en prévision de la mise en oeuvre possible de futures installations. Ces points sont les suivants : 1. Tolérance de fréquence obligatoire 2. Tolérance de tension obligatoire 3. Commande de puissance pas exigé à l’heure actuelle 4. Capacité/commande de puissance réactive variable 5. Commande de tension variable 6. Réponse en fréquence pas exigée à l’heure actuelle 7. Maintien d’alimentation en creux de obligatoire mais variable tension (Low Voltage Ride Through - LVRT) 8. Stabilisateurs de systèmes d’alimentation pas exigés à l’heure actuelle 9. Fourniture de données obligatoire 10. Contrôle d’exploitation obligatoire GH a conclu que l’ACÉÉ devrait procéder à la mise en oeuvre du Code dans le cadre d’un processus de consultation avec les services publics et exploitants de systèmes de transport d’électricité à l’échelle du Canada, et en parallèle avec les travaux de consultation effectués en ce sens par l’AWEA et le North © 2005 Garrad Hassan Canada Inc. American Electricity Reliability Council (NERC). On a jugé qu’il fallait agir sans tarder, étant donné l’évolution de la situation dans toute l’Amérique du Nord. Note : En complément à ce sommaire, le Code de base est également fournie en français. © 2005 Garrad Hassan Canada Inc. APPENDIX C: CANWEA BASE CODE REQUIREMENTS The following requirements are those proposed for inclusion within the CanWEA Base Code. They consist of the following: 1. Frequency tolerance 2. Voltage tolerance 3. Power control 4. Reactive power capability/control 5. Voltage control 6. Frequency response 7. Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) 8. Power system stabilisers 9. Data Provision 10. Operational monitoring The requirements also have the following characteristics: • Mandatory indicates the requirement must be implemented. • Automatic access standard indicates that, if met, the requirement will allow interconnection regardless of a) province, and b) site. • Reduced access standard indicates a level less than automatic is allowable according to a) province, and b) site, subject to agreement with the relevant system operator. • Noted but not a requirement implies a requirement is not enabled at present but may be in the future. The following provides text format for the requirements in plain form, i.e. the detail and recommendations to CanWEA are not included. © 2005 Garrad Hassan Canada Inc. C.1 FREQUENCY TOLERANCE Frequency tolerance is a mandatory requirement. The requirement is for: 1. Continuous normal operation
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