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Illustrations and Tables Figures 7.1. Manila in 1671 119 8.1. Hacienda of Biñan 142 8.2. Manila Bay and Cavite in 1764 144 12.1. Cagayan in 1690 204 13.1. Native Groups in the Mountains of Pantabangan and Caranglan under the Augustinians in 1723 230 Maps The Philippines 2 5.1. Miguel López de Legazpi’s Expedition in the Visayas (after Cushner, 1971) 54 5.2. Leyte and Samar 64 5.3. Bohol and Cebu 68 5.4. Panay and Negros 72 6.1. Routes Taken by Moro Raiders 86 7.1. Manila Bay and Tondo 116 8.1. Southwest Luzon 135 8.2. Mindoro 139 9.1. Bikol 154 10.1. Pampanga and Bulacan 167 11.1. Ilocos 181 11.2. Pangasinan 184 12.1. Cagayan 206 13.1. Interior Luzon 220 13.2. Ituy and Paniqui 222 Tables 5.1. Estimated Native Populations in the Visayas in 1565 76 5.2. Estimated Native Populations in the Visayas in 1600 78 6.1. Jesuit Missions in the Visayas in 1600 89 vii viii Illustrations and Tables 6.2. Populations Administered by Jesuits in the Eastern Visayas, 1659 to 1755 92 6.3. Tributary Populations under the Augustinians in Panay, 1610 to 1778 96 6.4. Tributary Population under the Augustinians in Cebu, 1760 to 1818 101 6.5. Estimated Total Native Population of the Visayas, 1565 to 1800 105 6.6. Demographic Characteristics of Populations under Jesuit Administration in the Eastern Visayas 109 7.1. Demographic Characteristics of Jesuit Towns in Tondo, 1659 to 1755 129 7.2. Total Populations of Manila and Tondo about 1805 131 8.1. The Tributary Population of Southwest Luzon, 1582 to 1792 149 9.1. Total Population of Camarines and Albay, 1591 to 1649 162 9.2. Total Populations of Franciscan Towns in Bikol, 1622 to 1751 164 11.1. Tribute Exacted on Martín de Goiti’s Second Expedition to Ilocos, 1572 to 1573 180 11.2. Tribute Exacted by Juan de Salcedo and Martín de Goiti on their Third Expedition in 1574 182 11.3. Regional Decline in the Tributary Population of Ilocos in the Early Colonial Period 196 12.1. Estimates of the Tributary Population in the Cagayan Valley by Region in the Early Colonial Period 214 12.2. Estimates of the Tributary Population of the Cagayan Valley by Region 216 13.1. Total Populations in the Missions of Ituy and Paniqui, 1747 to 1800 226 13.2. Total Populations of Interior Luzon According to the Dominican Father Francisco Antolín, 1789 237 13.3. Total Populations of Missions in the Chico Valley, 1758 to 1805 246 13.4. Estimates of the Total Population of Interior Luzon, 1570 to 1800 248 14.1. Demographic Trends in Luzon and the Visayas, 1565 to 1800 256.

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