DOCSLIB.ORG

Notices of the Pagan Igorots in 1789 - Part Two

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notices of the Pagan Igorots in 1789 - Part Two Notices of the Pagan Igorots in 1789 - Part Two By Francisco A ntolin, 0 . P. Translated by W illiam Henry Scott Translator’s Note Fray Francisco Antolin was a Dominican missionary in Dupax and Aritao，Nueva Vizcaya，in the Philippines，between the years 1769 and 1789，who was greatly interested in the pagan tribes generally called “Igorots” in the nearby mountains of the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon. His unpublished 1789 manuscript，Noticias de los infieles igor- rotes en lo interior de la Isla de M anila was an attempt to bring to­ gether all information then available about these peoples，from published books and pamphlets， archival sources， and personal diaries， corre­ spondence, interviews and inquiries. An English translation of Part One was published in this journal，V o l.29，pp. 177-253，as “Notices of the pagan Igorots in 1789，” together with a translator’s introduction and a note on the translation. Part Two is presented herewith. Part Two is basically a collection of source materials arranged in chronological order， to which Esther Antolin added comments and discussion where he thought it necessary，and an appendix of citations and discourses (illustraciones) on controversial interpretations. With the exception of some of the Royal Orders (cedulas reales) ，these docu­ ments are presented in extract or paraphrase rather than as verbatim quotations for the purpose of saving space，removing material of no direct interest，or of suppressing what Father Antolin，as a child of the 18th-century Enlightenment， evidently considered excessive sanctity. Occasionally it is impossible to tell where the quotation ends and Father Antolin，s own comments begin without recourse to the original，which recourse has been made throughout the present translation except in the case of works on the history of mining in Latin America which were not locally available. In a few instances the translator has chosen to reproduce the complete original text rather than Father Antolin’s version, 28 ANTOLIN—SCOTT most notably in the case of Manuel Carrillo’s A brief account of the missions of the four tribes called Igorots，Tinguians，Apayaos and A dans. As in Part One，the Spanish term indio has been translated “rilipino” where appropriate. The translator wishes to express his gratitude to the Reverend Fathers Pablo Fernandez，Jesus Mancebu，Horacio de la Costa, Jacinto de Juan and Isacio Rodriguez and Dr. Antonio Molina for their as­ sistance with the transcription and translation，and to the American Philosophical Society for a travel grant during the summer of 1971 which made it possible to consult archives and libraries in Spain. NOTICES OF THE PAGAN IGOROTS IN 1789—PART TWO 29 Notices of the Pagan Igorots in the Interior of the Island of Manila，of Their Gold and Copper Mines, and Their Commerce, and the Various Expenditions9 Endeavours and Expenses Made for Their Discovery and Pacification Fray Francisco Antolin, O.P. Part Two In this second part the same method will be followed as in the first except for the chapter divisions which will hardly be necessary since the items are independent of one another and disconnected，although very useful for the clear understanding and attainment of the goal of this paper. It will be enough to cite the years in which they occurred and the places they have been taken from. The notices and extracts will continue to be abbreviated，for this work is getting longer and more laborious than I had intended at the beginning. The year 1571 The Spaniards founded Manila in 1571，and set out to explore and pacify the provinces of this island that same year and the next. Father Gaspar’s history1 says on page 273: Since the new Governor-General had established the foundations of his government, he now decided to send Field Marshal Martin de Goiti to organize the areas discovered by Juan de Salcedo, Governor Legaspi’s nephew. He reached the provinces of Pangasinan and Ilocos which he found submissive because of what Salcedo had accomplished on his trip, so that he easily mad只 them all subjects and took such a quantity of gold from them that on their return to Manila those who saw it testified it weighed more than twelve thousand taes^ including both what they took as tribute for His Majesty and what he and his companions bartered them­ 1 . Gaspar de San Agusdr^ O.S.A., Conquistas de las islas Philipinas, Madrid 1698. 1 See the Index of Citations beginning on p. 130. These are Father Antolin5s own annotations, and they will hereafter be indicated by Roman numerals， the translator’s by Arabic numerals. 30 ANTOLIN—SCOTT selves, inasmuch as the two provinces were very rich through the trade they had with the mountaineer Filipinos called Zambals and Igorots who possess the richest mines that there are in the whole island and from which they get the gold with the special skill which Divine Providence has granted them for their survival; although in our times [1698] the quantity doesn’t reach a twentieth part of what they used to obtain in the old days. I myself do not find any reason to think these pagans secured more gold in olden times than now，or that they had more skill or art then， but rather that，just as the other Filipinos support themselves with cotton，sugar and deer-hunting according to the capacities of their lands， so the Igorots do by exploiting the gold which occurs in their lands. See Discourses 5 and 6 [of the Appendix]. 1574 At the end of this year the famous pirate Limahon came with many sampans and armed Chinese to take Manila which he was unable to do due to the resistance of the Spaniards. He had to retreat and seek refuge in Pangasinan，and they also drove him from there. The histories of Father Colin，2 Father Gaspar，and the Franciscans，3 refer to this whole affair with considerable detail，and none of them says that any of these Chinese took refuge farther inland in the mountains of the Igorots，but rather that those who survived at liberty took to sea in their sampans， besides some 52 captives and prisoners in the fort in Pangasinan，who returned to China from Manila with the Chinese merchants. See Father Gaspar， page 304. An early account by Father Ghirino printed in Rome in 16041 also recounts this event，arid says that after the few Spaniards of Manila had vanquished the enemy Limahon，who had brought more than a thousand warriors with him，they made him retreat to Pangasinan，and even from there he was forced to flee from us with light boats which they carried to the sea on their shoulders，leaving the heavier ones in the river and some spoils in their forts and camps，which our forces took. Thus there is no basis in the early histories for the idea that the Igorots are descended from these Chinese of the pirate Limahon. The Spaniards，who must have had some Augustinian chaplains 2. Francisco Colin, S.J. Labor evangelica，rninisterios de los obreros de la Campania de ]esus3 Madrid 1663. 3. Juan Francisco de San Antonio, Chronic as de la Apostolica Provincia de S. Gregorio de Religiosos descalzados de N.S.P.S. Francisco en las Islas Philipinas， China，]apon3 etc” 3 vols” 1738-1744. 4. Pedro Ghirino, S.J., Relacion de las Islas V ill pin as, Rome 1604. NOTICES OF THE PAGAN IGOROTS IN 1789—PART TWO 31 with them, destroyed these Chinese arms in Lingayen, and took this occasion to examine the coast as far as Mangaldan，and--says Aduarte5 on page 77一 they wanted to establish their jurisdiction and ministry there inasmuch as the Filipinos of Mangaldan offered their land. And on page 71 he tells about the clergy, the Augustinians，and encomenderos. 1586 The Augustinian fathers who travelled back and forth in their earliest ministries in Ilocos, managed to found churches and towns in the most dangerous passages from the very beginning so they might reduce the Filipinos there to a civilized Christian life. The history of Father Gaspar makes mention on page 438 of the churches of Baoang, Bacnotan, Balauang，丁agudin，and Bangar in this year. These towns in the district of Ilocos are where many Igorots gather because of being near there, and thus, as far as these pagans are concerned, they can be considered missions and places of refuge for those who might wish to submit and become Christians. 1587 The aforesaid history also makes mention on page 446 of Narvacan, Santiago, Santa Maria， S. Esteban, S. Nicolas de Purao，and its out- station chapel of Sta. Catalina de Namacpacan. This latter is the first town of Ilocos on leaving Pangasinan. It is 54 leagues from Manila by land, though it is a dangerous road because of a deserted region of a day’s travel, with much sand and gravel，which they now call the Beach of Murcia, where the Filipinos of the mountains frequently come down, and if there isn’t a good-sized escort, take the heads of whomever they can, as happened in the year 1651 with Father Definidor Fray Pedro de Valenzuela，\lsitator of Ilocos，whom they lamentably k ille d .1 hey also killed General Don Felipe de Ugalde— says Father Gaspar— ，a courageous Vizcayan nobleman, through ms overconfidence in his own valor, taking him unawares without his being able to avail himself of his arms. The place and year of this gentleman’s death will be mentioned below. A work by an Augustinian father speaks of these deaths and damages in­ flicted by the Igorots in the district of Ilocos，and adds the following: They also killed Father Agustin Nino, Prior of Buratao, or San Juan, a town of the district of Ilocos, as Father Herrera mentions in his Alfabeto.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colonial Contractions: the Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946
    Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Vicente L. Rafael Subject: Southeast Asia, Philippines, World/Global/Transnational Online Publication Date: Jun 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.268 Summary and Keywords The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation- states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power rela­ tionships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illumi­ nated in the history of the Philippines. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo­ ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • El Primer Mexicano En Filipinas
    EL PRIMER MEXICANO EN FILIPINAS Carlos QUIRINO Director de la Biblioteca Nacional de Manila CUANDO SE LES DIJO A LOS FILIPINOS, durante la visita que hi• ciera a Manila el Presidente Adolfo López Mateos hace dos años, que las Islas Filipinas fueron en realidad, una colonia de México más bien que de España, quedaron sorprendidos y no pudieron creerlo hasta en tanto se les informó que du• rante los primeros doscientos cincuenta de los trescientos veinte años que duró la dominación española, las Islas fue• ron gobernadas desde México y que se establecieron en ellas más mexicanos que españoles peninsulares. La proclamación del "Año de la Amistad Filipino-Mexicana", hecha por los Presidentes de los dos países es, por lo tanto, una renovación de esos lazos de parentesco y amistad que han existido entre México y Filipinas, porque durante este año estamos redes• cubriendo todos aquellos aspectos de semejanza, de relaciones comerciales y afinidades, raciales que nos unieran durante dos siglos y medio. La herencia mexicana en las Filipinas se ha obscurecido debido a dos factores: las siete décadas finales del régimen español, cuando los filipinos fueron puestos directamente bajo la administración y el control oficial del Gobierno de Madrid; y por el medio siglo de ocupación norteamericana. En este ensayo quiero tocar el punto del primer mexicano que actuara en las Filipinas, Juan de Salcedo, el primer mexicano verdadero que fue responsable de la pacificación humana e incruenta de las Filipinas. Cierto es que su abue• lo, Miguel López de Legazpi fue el primer Gobernador Ge• neral de las Filipinas y fue honrado por el rey Felipe n de España con el título de Adelantado de las Islas en el Lejano Oriente, descubiertas por Magallanes en 1521.
    [Show full text]
  • A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-Circa 1798
    THE TULANE EUROPEAN AND CIVIL LAW FORUM VOLUME 31/32 2017 A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-circa 1798 Paul E Hoffman* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II. THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND LOCAL LAW AND ORDER .................... 4 III. SLAVERY ............................................................................................. 13 IV. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 20 I. INTRODUCTION French Louisiana had been a thorn in the flank of Spain’s Atlantic Empire from its founding in 1699. Failure to remove that thorn in 1699 and again in 1716, when doing so would have been comparatively easy and Spanish naval forces were positioned to do so, meant that by 1762 the wound had festered, so that the colony had become what La Salle, Iberville, Bienville, and their royal masters had envisioned: a smuggling station through which French goods reached New Spain and Cuba and their goods—dye stuffs and silver mostly—reached France and helped to pay the costs of a colony that consumed more than it produced, at least so 1 far as the French crown’s finances were concerned. * © 2017 Paul E Hoffman. Professor Emeritus of History, Louisiana State University. 1. I have borrowed the “thorn” from ROBERT S. WEDDLE, THE FRENCH THORN: RIVAL EXPLORERS IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1682-1762 (1991); ROBERT S. WEDDLE, CHANGING TIDES: TWILIGHT AND DAWN IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1763-1803 (1995) (carries the story of explorations). The most detailed history of the French colony to 1731 is the five volumes of A History of French Louisiana: MARCEL GIRAUD, 1-4 HISTOIRE DE LA LOUISIANA FRANÇAISE (1953-74); 1 A HISTORY OF FRENCH LOUISIANA: THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV, 1698-1715 (Joseph C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Most Fantastic and Intriguing Tale of the Chinese Pirate Lin Feng & the Spanish Conquistador Juan De Salcedo
    1 The Most Fantastic and Intriguing Tale of the Chinese Pirate Lin Feng & the Spanish Conquistador Juan de Salcedo keith harmon snow In battle confrontation is done directly, victory is gained by surprise. Those skilled at the unorthodox are infinite as heaven and earth, inexhaustible as the great rivers. When they come to an end they begin again, like the days and months. They die and are reborn, like the four seasons. Sun Tzu W ith the Chinese junks that sailed to Manila early in 1574 came a snow-white mare for the conquistador Juan Maldonado and the news of war on the continent of China. Paid for in advance with gold, the mare’s delivery, in good faith, was not at all a sign of the trading times. It was a calculated gesture intended to normalize tenuous relations: from the Straits of Malacca to the Sea of the Japans, the oceans were aflame with 2 treachery and treason. The South China Sea was boiling with samurai and serpents, conquistadors and pirates. For the conquistadors all was business as usual: civil war on the continent of China was of little consequence. Having subjugated the Indio savages to the limits of their enlightened Spanish tempers, plagued by monsoons and malaria, uncontrollably incontinent and increasingly desperate, the Spaniards hungered to invade China and the Japans. Cruel and coldhearted, the conquistadors had become very cocky. None counted on the Chinese pirate Lin Feng. Now, Lin Feng was no ordinary pirate. The Chinese garrison commander Wang Wang-kao later recounted to the Spaniards that Lin Feng had killed more than 100,000 Chinese with his own hands.
    [Show full text]
  • Derlas Vol 3 No 2 Coello
    DeRLAS Vol 3 No 2 Coello Delaware Review of Latin American Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 August 15, 2002 Under construction “Good Indians”, “Bad Indians”, “What Christians?”: The Dark Side of the New World in Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (1478-1557).* Alexandre Coello de la Rosa Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona *This essay was presented on June 23, 2001, at the Alexander Von Humboldt State University, Arcata, California. It is part of a book in progress, provisionally entitled Of Nature and Man: Wonder and Exoticism in Gonzalo Renández de Oviedo y Valdés (1478-1557). Warm thanks to Horacio Capel, Fermín del Pino, Josefina Gómez Mendoza, Ángel Gurría Quintana, Jan Gustaffson, Patricia Pou y Vila, and Guy Rozat Dupeyron who responded generously to earlier version, as well as to this journal's readers. A Spanish version of this article appeared in SCRIPTA NOVA, the Online Journal on Geography and Social Sciences of the Department of Geography at the Universitat de Barcelona (U.B.), Vol. V, no 101, 15 de noviembre de 2001 Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore the discursive flaws and moral contradictions in Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo’s writings. These contradictions stem from his post as a royal chronicler of the Indies, which pitted him forcefully against the diabolical Indians while exalting Spain’s providential design, on the one hand, and his own judgment, which led him to criticize the arrogance, greed and military incompetence of some Spanish conquistadors, on the other. 1. Introduction 2. The Offspring of the Devil 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebellion in Spanish Louisiana During the Ulloa, O
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 The poisonous wine from Catalonia: rebellion in Spanish Louisiana during the Ulloa, O'Reilly, and Carondelet administrations Timothy Paul Achee Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Achee, Timothy Paul, "The poisonous wine from Catalonia: rebellion in Spanish Louisiana during the Ulloa, O'Reilly, and Carondelet administrations" (2010). LSU Master's Theses. 399. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/399 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POISONOUS WINE FROM CATALONIA: REBELLION IN SPANISH LOUISIANA DURING THE ULLOA, O’REILLY, AND CARONDELET ADMINISTRATIONS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In The Department of History By Timothy Paul Achee, Jr. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2006 B.A. (art history), Louisiana State University, 2006 MLIS, Louisiana State University, 2008 May, 2010 For my father- I wish you were here ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been written without the support and patience of several people. I would like to take a moment to acknowledge some of them. Dr. Paul Hoffman provided invaluable guidance, encouragement and advice.
    [Show full text]
  • CN Flores the CATTLE CARAVANS of ANCIENT CABOLOAN
    C.N. Flores THE CATTLE CARAVANS OF ANCIENT CABOLOAN (INTERIOR PLAINS OF PANGASINAN): CONNECTING HISTORY, CULTURE AND COMMERCE BY CARTWHEEL Caravan cultures throughout the world depict stories of real jour- neys, discoveries and exploits. They also account for the construction of local histories, territories and market societies. At best, caravan routes map the geoeconomic and the ethnohistoric trail of peoples on the road towards venture capitalism in the earlier centuries. But in the 21st century, the history of caravan cultures remain only in the people’s memory as artefact (or artifi ce?) and which has been romanticized into bioepics or heroic adventures of legendary men caught in the age of material adventurism from the 13th to 16th centuries. In this day of global network and cyber transactions, it is fascinating and at the same time remarkable how the caravan culture still persists in the Philippines. Its persistence as a vestige of feudal past in an era of intensifi ed commercialization and industrialization is indeed indicative of uneven modes of development, as it is symbolic of inter- secting diverse cultures where the rural locale ventures into the national and into the global with far reaching implications on issues of ethnicity and cultural import. The cattle caravans of ancient Caboloan continue to peddle their bamboo-based products from the province of Pangasinan to the highways of Metro Manila. These are the ubiquitous cattle-drawn carriages selling hammocks, bamboo chairs and bookshelves we see in front of SM Fairview, Commonwealth, East and C.P. Garcia Avenues. But not until recently when Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) agents found them illegally parked along national roads thereby considered obstruction to traffi c.
    [Show full text]
  • Basques in the Americas from 1492 To1892: a Chronology
    Basques in the Americas From 1492 to1892: A Chronology “Spanish Conquistador” by Frederic Remington Stephen T. Bass Most Recent Addendum: May 2010 FOREWORD The Basques have been a successful minority for centuries, keeping their unique culture, physiology and language alive and distinct longer than any other Western European population. In addition, outside of the Basque homeland, their efforts in the development of the New World were instrumental in helping make the U.S., Mexico, Central and South America what they are today. Most history books, however, have generally referred to these early Basque adventurers either as Spanish or French. Rarely was the term “Basque” used to identify these pioneers. Recently, interested scholars have been much more definitive in their descriptions of the origins of these Argonauts. They have identified Basque fishermen, sailors, explorers, soldiers of fortune, settlers, clergymen, frontiersmen and politicians who were involved in the discovery and development of the Americas from before Columbus’ first voyage through colonization and beyond. This also includes generations of men and women of Basque descent born in these new lands. As examples, we now know that the first map to ever show the Americas was drawn by a Basque and that the first Thanksgiving meal shared in what was to become the United States was actually done so by Basques 25 years before the Pilgrims. We also now recognize that many familiar cities and features in the New World were named by early Basques. These facts and others are shared on the following pages in a chronological review of some, but by no means all, of the involvement and accomplishments of Basques in the exploration, development and settlement of the Americas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maritime Voyage of Jorge Juan to the Viceroyalty of Peru (1735-1746)
    The Maritime Voyage of Jorge Juan to the Viceroyalty of Peru (1735-1746) Enrique Martínez-García — Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas* María Teresa Martínez-García — Kansas University** Translated into English (August 2012) One of the most famous scientific expeditions of the Enlightenment was carried out by a colorful group of French and Spanish scientists—including the new Spanish Navy lieutenants D. Jorge Juan y Santacilia (Novelda 1713-Madrid 1773) and D. Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre-Giralt (Seville 1716-Isla de León 1795)—at the Royal Audience of Quito in the Viceroyalty of Peru between 1736 and 1744. There, the expedition conducted geodesic and astronomical observations to calculate a meridian arc associated with a degree in the Equator and to determine the shape of the Earth. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, immersed in the debate between Cartesians (according to whom the earth was a spheroid elongated along the axis of rotation (as a "melon")) and Newtonians (for whom it was a spheroid flattened at the poles (as a "watermelon")), decided to resolve this dispute by comparing an arc measured near the Equator (in the Viceroyalty of Peru, present-day Ecuador) with another measured near the North Pole (in Lapland). The expedition to the Equator, which is the one that concerns us in this note, was led by Louis Godin (1704-1760), while Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) headed the expedition to Lapland. The knowledge of the shape and size of the Earth had great importance for the improvement of cartographic, geographic, and navigation techniques during that time.
    [Show full text]
  • Pb Isotopic Composition of Panamanian Colonial Majolica by LA-ICP-MS 345
    Pb Isotopic Composition of Panamanian Colonial Majolica 19 by LA-ICP-MS Javier G. In˜an˜ez, Jeremy J. Bellucci, Juan Guillermo Martı´n, Richard Ash, William F. McDonough, and Robert J. Speakman Abstract Panama´ Viejo, founded in 1519 by the Spanish explorer Pedrarias Da´vila, was the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific Ocean, and became a city, by royal decree, in 1521. Shortly after its creation, the city became an important base for trade with Spain. In 1671, the English pirate Henry Morgan waged an attack on Panama´ Viejo, which resulted in a fire that destroyed the entire city. A new settlement built a few miles west, called Casco Antiguo or San Felipe, is now the historic district of modern Panama City. The Pb isotopic compositions of the glazes on the surface of sixteenth to seventeenth century majolica pottery sherds from Panama Viejo and Casco Antiguo (both in Panama), and Lima (Peru) were determined via non-destructive laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS (LA-MC-ICP-MS). The contrast in Pb isotopic compositions in the glazes on ceramics recovered in different locations demonstrate that early majol- ica pottery production during this period used Pb obtained from the Andes. However, the Pb used in later majolica production in Panama is of Spanish origin. After Panama´ Viejo was burned to the ground, Panamanian majolica production ended. J.G. In˜an˜ez (*) J.G. Martı´n Grupo de Investigacio´n en Patrimonio Construido (GPAC), Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia Universidad del Paı´s Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea e-mail: [email protected] (UPV/EHU), CIEA Lascaray, Avda.
    [Show full text]
  • Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
    HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Dimensions for Legal History Research Experiences and Itineraries
    GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL HISTORY 6 MASSIMO MECCARELLI MARÍA JULIA SOLLA SASTRE (EDS.) Spatial and Temporal Dimensions for Legal History Research Experiences and Itineraries Marta Lorente Sariñena Uti possidetis, ita domini eritis. International Law and the Historiography of the Territory | 131 – 172 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN LEGAL HISTORY ISBN 978-3-944773-05-6 eISBN 978-3-944773-15-5 ISSN 2196-9752 First published in 2016 Published by Max Planck Institute for European Legal History, Frankfurt am Main Printed in Germany by epubli, Prinzessinnenstraße 20, 10969 Berlin http://www.epubli.de Max Planck Institute for European Legal History Open Access Publication http://global.rg.mpg.de Published under Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Cover illustration: Robert Delaunay, Rythme, Joie de vivre, 1930 Centre Pompidou – Musée national d’art moderne, Paris © bpk Bildagentur für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, Berlin Cover design by Elmar Lixenfeld, Frankfurt am Main Recommended citation: Meccarelli, Massimo, Solla Sastre, María Julia (eds.) (2016), Spatial and Temporal Dimensions for Legal History. Research Experiences and It ineraries, Global Perspectives on Legal History, Max Planck Institute for European Legal History Open Access Publication, Frankfurt am Main, http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/gplh6 Marta Lorente Sariñena Uti possidetis, ita domini eritis International Law and the Historiography of the Territory L’espace qui apparaît aujourd’hui à l’horizon de nos soucis, de notre théorie, de nos systèmes n’est pas une innovation; l’espace lui-même, dans l’expérience occidentale, a une histoire, et il n’est pas possible de méconnaître cet entrecroisement fatal du temps avec l’espace.
    [Show full text]