Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Sky Computing: Extension to the

Mayuri S. Geed1, Pallavi R. Gabhane2 & Prof. P. A. Manjare3 1,2Student, Computer Science and Engineering , H.V.P.M COET , Amravati, India 3Assistant Professor , Computer Science and Engineering , H.V.P.M COET , Amravati, India

Abstract: Sometimes, a single cloud isn’t enough. the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Sometimes, you need the whole sky. That’s why a Technology (NIST): Cloud computing is a model for number of researchers are developing tools to enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a federate clouds, an architectural concept dubbed shared pool of configurable computing resources “sky computing” .The Sky Computing model allows (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and the creation of large scale infrastructure using services) that can be rapidly provisioned resources from multiple cloud providers. These and released with minimal management effort or infrastructures are able to run embarrassingly service provider interaction. parallel computation with high performance. Developing a way to join several cloud infrastructures together into one massive cloud would be especially useful to academic researchers who utilize open large-scale compute resources, like the Open Science Grid or the European Grid Infrastructure, together with open source cloud computing platforms such as , in order to create their own private clouds with rather than say Amazon’s EC2. In this paper we talked about sky computing and various mechanics that might lead to sky computing over multiple clouds.

Introduction Sky Computing is an advance deployment model and future of cloud computing where multiple clouds are integrated to serve the business processes at one place. Sky Computing is an emerging computing model where resources from multiple cloud providers are leveraged to create large scale distributed virtual clusters. These clusters provide resources to execute scientific computations requiring large computational power. Establishing a sky computing system is challenging due to differences among providers in terms of hardware, resource management, connectivity and architecture. Figure 1. Cloud Computing 1.1 Cloud Computing 1.2 Sky Computing Cloud computing is the delivery of computing Sky Computing is an emerging computing model services over the . Cloud services allow where resources from multiple clouds providers are individuals and businesses to use and leveraged to create large scale distributed hardware that are managed by third parties at remote infrastructures. locations. Examples of cloud services include online Sky Computing arises as a metaphor to illustrate file storage, social networking sites, webmail, and a layer above Cloud computing, because such online business applications. The cloud computing dynamically provisioned distributed domains are model allows access to information and computer built over several Clouds. It can be described as a resources from anywhere that a network connection management up layer of an environment of Clouds, is available. Cloud computing provides a shared pool offering variable computing capacity and storage of resources, including data storage space, networks, resources with dynamic support to real time computer processing power, and specialized demands. Laying a virtual site over distributed corporate and user applications. The following resources, combining the ability to trust remote sites definition of cloud computing has been developed by with a trusted networking environment , originates a

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in highly elastic response to incoming requests with a operations are limited (providers’ operation set is seemingly infinite pool of accessible resources. larger) and can correspond to loss of performance. The Sky Computing management layer relies on the lower layer resources and interface, so it should be extremely stable and dependable. There are some projects undergoing for middleware, like the open- source libcloud , Deltacloud , jclouds , or fog, while others, like abiquous, Kaavo or Enstratius offer a more professional customized service and support, in exchange for a monthly fee. 2.2 Customizable Scheduler A scheduler is a running daemon that coordinates the virtual requests and the available resources using different scheduling policies. It basically assigns to each Virtual Machine (VM) a physical host and a storage area depending on resource availability, obeying to pre-defined policies. Neither Delta cloud nor Aeolus have a scheduler, they make the deployment and rely on the destination Cloud’s management. Some open-source projects Figure 2. Sky Computing available are Haizea and Cloud Scheduler. Figure 2. shows Experiment on the sky in which user-level networks needed for inter cloud communication and ViNe enables applications across clouds.

2. Sky Computing Architecture The main idea is to create a turn-around model to enable intensive computing in Cloud networks. This is hoped to be achieved by enlarging the set of available resources in a way they overcome the problems referred before, like elevated latency between nodes. Also, it must be cross Cloud provider in order to combine resources. To achieve this, there must be a structure capable of receiving instructions, process and return results from all different underlying cloud systems. The architecture is represented in Figure 3 As we can see in Figure 3, each Cloud provider has a specific API that makes available an interaction with their own resources. All these can be aggregated by a middleware layer, which allows controlling and managing resources by translating every command to the correspondent provider API. Abstraction, from bottom to top, is the key for building a consistent system. The upper layer, Sky Computing, integrates the last level of Infrastructure and the next layer of . This is a critical layer, as it must be as comprehensive as possible in features and capabilities. Here, our main focus is HPC, but is must be possible to deal with other applications too. Management, with scheduling, Figure 3. Sky Computing architecture accounting and billing, should be well developed as 2.3 Monitoring software well as Monitoring and Job submission. Monitoring is also a very important part of 2.1 Cloud Computing Middleware Cloud management. Probing the resources allows to Middleware is a very important and useful part in register and control resource usage for a healthy the chain value. It provides an abstraction that allows running. For instance, detecting problems (out of to develop applications without being tied to an memory, power off, overheat CPU, etc.) prematurely explicit Cloud vendor. The drawback is that API for an early resolution. Nagios is a monitoring

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in system that enables organizations to identify and With SaaS, it’s easy for enterprises to streamline resolve IT infrastructure problems before they affect their maintenance and support, because everything critical business processes. It delivers awareness of can be managed by vendors: applications, runtime, IT infrastructure’s status and allows to detect and data, middleware, OSes, virtualization, servers, repair problems and mitigate future issues before storage and networking. Popular SaaS offering types they affect users. include email and collaboration, customer 2.4 Accounting and billing relationship management, and healthcare-related When providing users with a complex applications. SaaS Examples infrastructure like Sky Computing, it is crucial that : Apps, , Workday, Concur, Citrix Go To Meeting, Cisco Web the right usage is being kept for accounting and ExCommon billing. Assuring a righteous accounting can make 3.4. PaaS: monthly usage use prediction, history analysis and Cloud platform services, or Platform as a Service the right planning for future use. The saved data also (PaaS), are used for applications, and other allows to bill the registered users for the used development, while providing cloud components to resources, both private and public combined. software. What developers gain with PaaS is a 2.5 System assembling framework they can build upon to develop or The hardest part is to connect all pieces of the customize applications. PaaS makes the puzzle, thus it was successful. We managed to get development, testing, and deployment of applications Aeolus working with a hybrid infrastructure, quick, simple, and cost-effective. With this featuring Amazon and OpenNebula with a custom technology, enterprise operations, or a third-party scheduler Haizea and Ganglia. The structure was provider, can manage OSes, servers, storage, functional and stable, however the lack of some networking, and the PaaS software itself. important pieces reduced the structure flexibility and Applications using PaaS inherit cloud characteristic agility, despite the occasional improvement by a new such as scalability, high-availability, multi-tenancy, tweaks on fresh software updates. SaaS enablement, and more. For the needs of enterprises and other organizations, Apprenda is one provider of a private cloud PaaS for .NET and Java 3. Sky Computing Providers Enterprise. 3.1. Appliance Providers PaaS Examples: EngineYard , RedHat OpenShift, Appliance providers who provide methods that , , appFog (aF) ,Windows let an appliance supply information to and receive it Azure, Amazon Web Service(AWS). from a context broker and integrate information 3.5. IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service conveyed by templates describing application- Cloud infrastructure services, known as specific roles. Appliances can integrate the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), are self-service information using any configuration method from models for accessing, monitoring, and managing any appliance provider. This information in the remote datacenter infrastructures, such as compute templates is application-specific and potentially (virtualized or bare metal), storage, networking, and different from appliance to appliance, but the networking services (e.g. firewalls). Instead of templates themselves are uniform, and any context having to purchase hardware outright, users can broker can process them. Amazon was the first purchase IaaS based on consumption, similar to major cloud provider, Amazon Simple Storage electricity or other utility billing. Compared to SaaS Service (Amazon S3), Apple, Cisco, Citrix, IBM, and PaaS, IaaS users are responsible for managing , Google, , Rackspace , Salesforce . applications, data, runtime, middleware, and OSes. 3.2 Cloud Broker What users gain with IaaS is infrastructure on top of Cloud Broker, an entity that manages the use, which they can install any required platform. performance and delivery of Cloud services and IaaS Examples : (AWS), intermediates the relationships between Cloud Cisco Metapod , , Google Compute providers and Cloud consumers and negotiation, Engine (GCE). configuration done manually. AWS Marketplace from Amazon, BlueWolf, CloudCompare, 4. Characteristics of Sky Computing CloudMore, which offers cloud services aggregation 4.1 Security and Trust and activation through partners. The company serves In the past, site owners couldn’t trust a remote the UK, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Ireland, and resource because they had no control over its more. Key partners include IBM, Microsoft, HP configuration. Autonomy, VMWare, and Crytpzone. Now that clouds let users control remote 3.3 SaaS: Software as a Service resources, However , this concern is no longer an Cloud application services, or Software as a Service issue.Combining the ability to trust remote sites with (SaaS), represent the largest cloud market and are a trusted networking environment, a virtual site can still growing quickly. SaaS uses the web to deliver now exist over distributed resources. applications that are managed by a third-party vendor 4.2 Efficiency and whose interface is accessed on the clients’ side.

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Advances in processing, communication and 6. References systems/middleware technologies had as a result new [1] Abha Tewari (IJCSIT) International Journal of paradigms and platforms for computing. Computer Science and Information Technologies, 4.3 Flexibility and Scalability Vol. 6 (4) , 2015, 3861-3864. The sky can quickly scale up to thousands of [2] Sky computing-Exploring the aggregated Cloud servers or services to make resources available as resources – Part I,by André Monteiro, Joaquim Sousa they are needed. Most cloud providers are Pinto,Cláudio Teixeira, Tiago Batista Retrieved on: extremely reliable in providing their services, 12 July 2016 [3] Sky Computing:When Multiple Clouds Become One, with many maintaining 99.99% uptime. The José Fortes,Advanced Computing and Information connection is always on and as long as workers Systems Lab. have an Internet connection, they can get to the [4] Sky Computing Katarzyna Keahey,University of applications they need from practically anywhere. Chicago and Maurício Tsugawa, Andréa Matsunaga, Some applications even work off-line. and José A.B. Fortes University of Florida Published 4.4 Resource management by the IEEE Computer Society. Sky Computing facilitates the Implementation [5] José Fortes, Advanced Computing and Information and realization of Emerging technologies to deliver Systems Laband NSF Center for Autonomic Better Customer Experience with improved & real- Computing. time Interaction across the business operations to maximize the value for the consumer and stakeholders where sustainability can be achieved with increased profitability and competitiveness. 4.5 Flexible costs The costs of sky computing are much more flexible than traditional methods. Companies only need to commission - and thus only pay for - server and infrastructure capacity as and when it is needed. More capacity can be provisioned for peak times and then de-provisioned when no longer needed. Traditional computing requires buying capacity sufficient for peak times and allowing it to sit idle the rest of the time.

5. Conclusion Sky Computing is aggregation of distributed heterogeneous Clouds. It is an emerging computing model where resources from multiple cloud providers are leveraged to create large scale distributed infrastructures. Using sky computing in single networking context - All-to-all connectivity as well as single security context- Trust between all entities can achieve. Sky computing’s potential is that whenever the necessary resources are unavailable in a single cloud, we can use multiple clouds to get the required computation power. These infrastructures provide resources to execute computations requiring large computational power, such as scientific software. Establishing a sky computing system is challenging due to differences among providers in terms of hardware, resource management, and connectivity. Furthermore, scalability, balanced distribution of computation and achieve good performance. The Sky Computing model allows the creation of large scale infrastructures using resources from multiple cloud providers. These infrastructures are able to run embarrassingly parallel computation with high performance.

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