DOCSLIB.ORG

Processionary Moths and Associated Urtication Risk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Processionary Moths and Associated Urtication Risk EN62CH18-Battisti ARI 22 December 2016 11:31 ANNUAL REVIEWS Further Click here to view this article's online features: • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations Processionary Moths and • Explore related articles • Search keywords Associated Urtication Risk: Global Change–Driven Effects Andrea Battisti,1,∗ Stig Larsson,2 and Alain Roques3 1Department DAFNAE, University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy; email: [email protected] 2Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala S-75007, Sweden; email: [email protected] 3Forest Zoology, UR INRA 0633, Orleans´ F-45075, France; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017. 62:323–42 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on climate, health, Notodontidae, plant trade, seta, Thaumetopoeinae November 16, 2016 The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Abstract ento.annualreviews.org Processionary moths carry urticating setae, which cause health problems This article’s doi: Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017.62:323-342. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org in humans and other warm-blooded animals. The pine processionary moth 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-034918 Thaumetopoea pityocampa has responded to global change (climate warming Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. and increased global trade) by extending its distribution range. The subfam- Access provided by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences on 03/29/17. For personal use only. All rights reserved ily Thaumetopoeinae consists of approximately 100 species. An important ∗ Corresponding author question is whether other processionary moth species will similarly respond to these specific dimensions of global change and thus introduce health haz- ards into new areas. We describe, for the first time, how setae are distributed on different life stages (adult, larva) of major groups within the subfamily. Using the available data, we conclude that there is little evidence that pro- cessionary moths as a group will behave like T. pityocampa and expand their distributional range. The health problems caused by setae strongly relate to population density, which may, or may not, be connected to global change. 323 EN62CH18-Battisti ARI 22 December 2016 11:31 INTRODUCTION Processionary moths are members of the Notodontidae, which is known for carrying urticating Notodontidae: setae and thus causing health problems in humans and domesticated animals (8). Most of what family of Lepidoptera is known about these organisms and the health problems they cause comes predominately from including some 3,800 studies on one species, Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Here we broaden the perspective to include setae- species at the world related health issues for all the main clades within the Thaumetopoeinae; the subfamily includes level and occurring in all continents; mainly some 100 species (120). associated with trees T. pityocampa is frequently cited as an example of an insect favored by climate warming (9, 87, and shrubs 102) with improved winter survival resulting in recent expansion of the distribution range (11, Urticating setae: 100). An important question then is whether T. pityocampa can be considered a model species special type of hair for the processionary moths in general and thus whether health problems associated with other produced by the urticating species can similarly be expected to increase with climate warming. integument and Response to present and future climate change and the associated risks to human and domes- released by the insect for protection from ticated animal health have recently been reviewed for species within the genus Thaumetopoea in predators, causing Europe and the Mediterranean basin (108). However, this work did not consider the processionary reactions of external moths present in other continents that carry urticating setae. The morphology and function of and internal tissues urticating setae in arthropods, as well as their medical impact, have been reviewed but again with that lead to a variety of a similar focus on Thaumetopoea species (8). symptoms in humans and warm-blooded Here we review how major taxa within the Thaumetopoeinae vary with respect to urticating animals setae and, with this information, draw tentative conclusions about risks among taxa for instigating health problems in humans and domesticated animals. In addition, we assess whether these prob- lems can be expected to be more severe in a future characterized by increasing warming as well as global trade. DIVERSITY AND GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF PROCESSIONARY MOTHS The Thaumetopoeinae, the processionary moth subfamily, was formerly considered a self-standing family (Thaumetopoeidae) (62). However, it is now considered a homogeneous clade within Notodontidae, either basal according to the cladistic analysis of Miller (83) or well nested within this family based on molecular phylogeny (150) (Figure 1). The Thaumetopoeinae is composed of approximately 100 species in 20 genera occurring in Africa (including Madagascar), the Mediter- ranean, Europe, Asia, and Australasia in a belt from the Middle East to Taiwan, New Caledonia, and Australia (120). Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017.62:323-342. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org According to recent advances in morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the group (6), three major clades can be identified (Figure 1). The first includes the Australian genera Epicoma and Ochrogaster and possibly seven other genera still unexplored, for a total Access provided by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences on 03/29/17. For personal use only. of 30 known species. The second clade includes the African genera Anaphe, Epanaphe, Hyp- soides,andParadrallia and five other genera, for a total of 55 species. The third clade in- cludes the African, Asian, and European genera Gazalina and Thaumetopoea, for a total of 18 species. The European species of Thaumetopoea are by far the most studied and were reviewed first by Agenjo (2) and then by de Freina & Witt (30, 31), who split them into three genera (Helianthocampa, Thaumetopoea, Traumatocampa) using morphological traits of the adults. A molecular phylogeny of this group published in 2013 (123) strongly supports parallel evolution of the morphological traits used to divide Thaumetopoea into three distinct genera, suggesting that all species should be treated as members of a single genus, Thaumetopoea. 324 Battisti · Larsson · Roques EN62CH18-Battisti ARI 22 December 2016 11:31 Fabaceae Ochrogaster (2) Myrtaceae I Casuarinaceae (19) Epicoma Myrtaceae Paradrallia (2) Fabaceae II Euphorbiaceae Epanaphe (13) Fabaceae Thaumetopoeinae Moraceae (100) Hypsoides (21) Gentianaceae 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Apocynaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Anaphe (8) Myrtaceae Rubiaceae Sterculiaceae Tiliaceae Notodontidae Gazalina (5) Betulaceae Fagaceae III Anacardiaceae Capparaceae Cistaceae Thaumetopoea (13) Fagaceae Geraniaceae Pinaceae Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017.62:323-342. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Figure 1 Position of the Thaumetopoeinae subfamily within Notodontidae, with the indication of three major clades (roman numerals), the Access provided by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences on 03/29/17. For personal use only. main genera (n = number of species), main host-plant families, and their geographic distribution. Phylogenetic tree of Notodontidae from Zahiri et al. (150) (1 = Pygaerinae, 2 = Dudusinae, 3 = Phalerinae, 4 = Thaumetopoeinae, 5 = Heterocampinae, 6 = Notodontinae, 7 = Nystaleinae, 8 = Dioptinae). Phylogenetic tree of Thaumetopoeinae from the combined analysis of adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequence by Basso (6). The total number of species included in the figure (83) is lower than the expected number (104) because some African and Australian genera were not included. The diverse African and Australian clades are poorly known as far as taxonomy and distribution are concerned (27, 43, 89). The Australian genus Ochrogaster seems to be a complex of species found throughout Australia (27, 39). Almost all of the processionary moth species are associated with trees and shrubs, like most of Notodontidae (84), exploiting a large number of host plants belonging to several families of www.annualreviews.org • Global Change and Processionary Moths 325 EN62CH18-Battisti ARI 22 December 2016 11:31 gymnosperms and angiosperms (7, 28, 105) (Figure 1). The only exception is T. herculeana,which is associated with ground-creeping plants of Cistaceae (Cistus and Helianthemum) and Geraniaceae (Erodium) in dry Mediterranean areas (44, 45). At the species level, processionary moths tend to be polyphagous or oligophagous. The main host plants of species belonging to the Australian clade are many species of Fabaceae (Acacia) and Myrtaceae (Corymbia and Eucalyptus) (39). The host plants of the second clade (Figure 1) are important because they provide food to a number of moth species farmed for silk production in Africa, including Madagascar (28, 80, 81, 97), or the larvae are used as human food (12) and animal feed (55). Species within the third clade (Gazalina spp. and Thaumetopoea spp.) are associated with economically important trees such as Fagaceae (oaks, Quercus), Pinaceae (pines, Pinus), and Anacardiaceae (pistachio, Pistacia) and can occasionally occur at high densities (outbreaks) in the northern part of their range, such as the Mediterranean basin and Europe for Thaumetopoea (7) and the Himalaya foothills for Gazalina (96). A few traits are shared by all species in this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DNA Barcodes Reveal Deeply Neglected Diversity and Numerous Invasions of Micromoths in Madagascar
    Genome DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2018-0065.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 17-Jul-2018 Author: Complete List of Authors: Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), Sire, Lucas; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte Rasmussen,Draft Bruno; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte Rougerie, Rodolphe; Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Wieser, Christian; Landesmuseum für Kärnten Ahamadi, Allaoui; University of Antananarivo, Department Entomology Minet, Joël; Institut de Systematique Evolution Biodiversite deWaard, Jeremy; Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Decaëns, Thibaud; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS–Université de Montpellier–Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE), , CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Lees, David; Natural History Museum London Keyword: Africa, invasive alien species, Lepidoptera, Malaise trap, plant pests Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special 7th International Barcode of Life Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 57 Genome 1 DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in 2 Madagascar 3 4 5 Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde1,2, Lucas Sire2, Bruno Rasmussen2, Rodolphe Rougerie3, 6 Christian Wieser4, Allaoui Ahamadi Allaoui 5, Joël Minet3, Jeremy R. deWaard6, Thibaud 7 Decaëns7, David C. Lees8 8 9 1 INRA, UR633, Zoologie Forestière, F- 45075 Orléans, France. 10 2 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR 11 Sciences et Techniques, Tours, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 3Rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005
    Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005 Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation Edited by H. Segers, P. Desmet & E. Baus Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005 Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation Edited by H. Segers, P. Desmet & E. Baus Recommended form of citation Segers, H., P. Desmet & E. Baus, 2006. ‘Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation’. Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium, Brussels, 18-19 April 2005. Organisation - Belgian Biodiversity Platform - Belgian Science Policy In cooperation with: - Belgian Clearing House Mechanism of the CBD - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - Global Biodiversity Information Facility Conference sponsors - Belgian Science Policy 1 Table of contents Research, collections and capacity building on tropical biological diversity at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences .........................................................................................5 Van Goethem, J.L. Research, Collection Management, Training and Information Dissemination on Biodiversity at the Royal Museum for Central Africa .......................................................................................26 Gryseels, G. The collections of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium ....................................................30 Rammeloo, J., D. Diagre, D. Aplin & R. Fabri The World Federation for Culture Collections’ role in managing tropical diversity..................44 Smith, D. Conserving
    [Show full text]
  • BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (Takım Düzeyinde)
    BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (TAKIM DÜZEYİNDE) GÖKHAN AYDIN 2016 Editör : Gökhan AYDIN Dizgi : Ziya ÖNCÜ ISBN : 978-605-87432-3-6 Böceklerin Sınıflandırılması isimli eğitim amaçlı hazırlanan bilgisayar programı için lütfen aşağıda verilen linki tıklayarak programı ücretsiz olarak bilgisayarınıza yükleyin. http://atabeymyo.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/76/files/siniflama-05102016.exe Eğitim Amaçlı Bilgisayar Programı ISBN: 978-605-87432-2-9 İçindekiler İçindekiler i Önsöz vi 1. Protura - Coneheads 1 1.1 Özellikleri 1 1.2 Ekonomik Önemi 2 1.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 2 2. Collembola - Springtails 3 2.1 Özellikleri 3 2.2 Ekonomik Önemi 4 2.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 4 3. Thysanura - Silverfish 6 3.1 Özellikleri 6 3.2 Ekonomik Önemi 7 3.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 7 4. Microcoryphia - Bristletails 8 4.1 Özellikleri 8 4.2 Ekonomik Önemi 9 5. Diplura 10 5.1 Özellikleri 10 5.2 Ekonomik Önemi 10 5.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 11 6. Plocoptera – Stoneflies 12 6.1 Özellikleri 12 6.2 Ekonomik Önemi 12 6.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 13 7. Embioptera - webspinners 14 7.1 Özellikleri 15 7.2 Ekonomik Önemi 15 7.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 15 8. Orthoptera–Grasshoppers, Crickets 16 8.1 Özellikleri 16 8.2 Ekonomik Önemi 16 8.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 17 i 9. Phasmida - Walkingsticks 20 9.1 Özellikleri 20 9.2 Ekonomik Önemi 21 9.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 21 10. Dermaptera - Earwigs 23 10.1 Özellikleri 23 10.2 Ekonomik Önemi 24 10.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 24 11. Zoraptera 25 11.1 Özellikleri 25 11.2 Ekonomik Önemi 25 11.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 26 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi (8.011Mb)
    1 T.C. GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Sonuç Raporu Proje No: 2008/26 Projenin Başlığı AMASYA, SİVAS VE TOKAT İLLERİNİN KELKİT HAVZASINDAKİ FARKLI BÖCEK TAKIMLARINDA BULUNAN TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA) TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE ÇALIŞMALAR Proje Yöneticisi Prof.Dr. Kenan KARA Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Araştırmacı Turgut ATAY Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı (Kasım / 2011) 2 T.C. GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Sonuç Raporu Proje No: 2008/26 Projenin Başlığı AMASYA, SİVAS VE TOKAT İLLERİNİN KELKİT HAVZASINDAKİ FARKLI BÖCEK TAKIMLARINDA BULUNAN TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA) TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE ÇALIŞMALAR Proje Yöneticisi Prof.Dr. Kenan KARA Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Araştırmacı Turgut ATAY Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı (Kasım / 2011) ÖZET* 3 AMASYA, SİVAS VE TOKAT İLLERİNİN KELKİT HAVZASINDAKİ FARKLI BÖCEK TAKIMLARINDA BULUNAN TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA) TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE ÇALIŞMALAR Yapılan bu çalışma ile Amasya, Sivas ve Tokat illerinin Kelkit havzasına ait kısımlarında bulunan ve farklı böcek takımlarında parazitoit olarak yaşayan Tachinidae (Diptera) türleri, bunların tanımları ve yayılışlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için farklı böcek takımlarına ait türler laboratuvarda kültüre alınarak parazitoit olarak yaşayan Tachinidae türleri elde edilmiştir. Kültüre alınan Lepidoptera takımına ait türler içerisinden, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Malacosoma neustrium (L.), Smyra dentinosa Freyer, Thaumetopoea solitaria Freyer, Thaumetopoea sp. ve Vanessa sp.,'den parazitoit elde edilmiş,
    [Show full text]
  • Schutz Des Naturhaushaltes Vor Den Auswirkungen Der Anwendung Von Pflanzenschutzmitteln Aus Der Luft in Wäldern Und Im Weinbau
    TEXTE 21/2017 Umweltforschungsplan des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit Forschungskennzahl 3714 67 406 0 UBA-FB 002461 Schutz des Naturhaushaltes vor den Auswirkungen der Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln aus der Luft in Wäldern und im Weinbau von Dr. Ingo Brunk, Thomas Sobczyk, Dr. Jörg Lorenz Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät für Umweltwissenschaften, Institut für Forstbotanik und Forstzoologie, Tharandt Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes Impressum Herausgeber: Umweltbundesamt Wörlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau-Roßlau Tel: +49 340-2103-0 Fax: +49 340-2103-2285 [email protected] Internet: www.umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt.de /umweltbundesamt Durchführung der Studie: Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät für Umweltwissenschaften, Institut für Forstbotanik und Forstzoologie, Professur für Forstzoologie, Prof. Dr. Mechthild Roth Pienner Straße 7 (Cotta-Bau), 01737 Tharandt Abschlussdatum: Januar 2017 Redaktion: Fachgebiet IV 1.3 Pflanzenschutz Dr. Mareike Güth, Dr. Daniela Felsmann Publikationen als pdf: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen ISSN 1862-4359 Dessau-Roßlau, März 2017 Das diesem Bericht zu Grunde liegende Vorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit unter der Forschungskennzahl 3714 67 406 0 gefördert. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt dieser Veröffentlichung liegt bei den Autorinnen und Autoren. UBA Texte Entwicklung geeigneter Risikominimierungsansätze für die Luftausbringung von PSM Kurzbeschreibung Die Bekämpfung
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera
    EN62CH15-Mitter ARI 5 November 2016 12:1 I Review in Advance first posted online V E W E on November 16, 2016. (Changes may R S still occur before final publication online and in print.) I E N C N A D V A Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera Charles Mitter,1,∗ Donald R. Davis,2 and Michael P. Cummings3 1Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 3Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017. 62:265–83 Keywords Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017.62. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Hexapoda, insect, systematics, classification, butterfly, moth, molecular ento.annualreviews.org systematics This article’s doi: Access provided by University of Maryland - College Park on 11/20/16. For personal use only. 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035125 Abstract Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single ra- All rights reserved diation of plant-feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past ∗ Corresponding author two decades, building on a preceding era of morphological cladistic stud- ies, molecular data have yielded robust initial estimates of relationships both within and among the ∼43 superfamilies, with unsolved problems now yield- ing to much larger data sets from high-throughput sequencing. Here we summarize progress on lepidopteran phylogeny since 1975, emphasizing the superfamily level, and discuss some resulting advances in our understanding of lepidopteran evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Processionary Moths Screening Aid Thaumetopoea Spp
    Processionary Moths Screening Aid Thaumetopoea spp. Todd M. Gilligan1, Steven C. Passoa2, and Frans Groenen3 1) Identification Technology Program (ITP) / Colorado State University, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) 2) USDA-APHIS-PPQ, The Ohio State University and USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) 3) Dorpstraat 171, NL-5575 AG, Luyksgestel, Netherlands (Email: [email protected]) This CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) screening aid produced for and distributed by: Version 2.0 USDA-APHIS-PPQ National Identification Services (NIS) 27 Jun 2014 This and other identification resources are available at: http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/taxonomic_services The genus Thaumetopoea contains approximately 15 species that are distributed across Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East. Thaumetopoea are currently in the Notodontidae (Thaumetopoeinae), but were sometimes placed their own family (Thaumetopoeidae) in older literature. Moths in this genus are often referred to as “processionary moths” because their larvae (Figs. 1, 3) are gregarious and will form long lines or “processions” when moving to feed. Thaumetopoea caterpillars are considered a serious health hazard because they are covered in long urticating setae (hairs) that contain a toxin (thaumetopoein). Severe skin dermatitis and allergic reactions in both people and animals can result from direct contact with larvae, larval nests, or larval setae that have been blown by the wind. In addition to creating health Fig. 1: T. pityocampa larvae (Photo by John problems, heavy infestations of larvae can defoliate entire trees, although H.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphiesmeno- Ptera: the Caddisflies and Lepidoptera
    CY501-C13[548-606].qxd 2/16/05 12:17 AM Page 548 quark11 27B:CY501:Chapters:Chapter-13: 13Amphiesmeno-Amphiesmenoptera: The ptera:Caddisflies The and Lepidoptera With very few exceptions the life histories of the orders Tri- from Old English traveling cadice men, who pinned bits of choptera (caddisflies)Caddisflies and Lepidoptera (moths and butter- cloth to their and coats to advertise their fabrics. A few species flies) are extremely different; the former have aquatic larvae, actually have terrestrial larvae, but even these are relegated to and the latter nearly always have terrestrial, plant-feeding wet leaf litter, so many defining features of the order concern caterpillars. Nonetheless, the close relationship of these two larval adaptations for an almost wholly aquatic lifestyle (Wig- orders hasLepidoptera essentially never been disputed and is supported gins, 1977, 1996). For example, larvae are apneustic (without by strong morphological (Kristensen, 1975, 1991), molecular spiracles) and respire through a thin, permeable cuticle, (Wheeler et al., 2001; Whiting, 2002), and paleontological evi- some of which have filamentous abdominal gills that are sim- dence. Synapomorphies linking these two orders include het- ple or intricately branched (Figure 13.3). Antennae and the erogametic females; a pair of glands on sternite V (found in tentorium of larvae are reduced, though functional signifi- Trichoptera and in basal moths); dense, long setae on the cance of these features is unknown. Larvae do not have pro- wing membrane (which are modified into scales in Lepi- legs on most abdominal segments, save for a pair of anal pro- doptera); forewing with the anal veins looping up to form a legs that have sclerotized hooks for anchoring the larva in its double “Y” configuration; larva with a fused hypopharynx case.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Pre-Fire Moth Species List by Species
    Species present before fire - by species Scientific Name Common Name Family Abantiades aphenges Hepialidae Abantiades hyalinatus Mustard Ghost Moth Hepialidae Abantiades labyrinthicus Hepialidae Acanthodela erythrosema Oecophoridae Acantholena siccella Oecophoridae Acatapaustus leucospila Nolidae Achyra affinitalis Cotton Web Spinner Crambidae Aeolochroma mniaria Geometridae Ageletha hemiteles Oecophoridae Aglaosoma variegata Notodontidae Agriophara discobola Depressariidae Agrotis munda Brown Cutworm Noctuidae Alapadna pauropis Erebidae Alophosoma emmelopis Erebidae Amata nigriceps Erebidae Amelora demistis Pointed Cape Moth Geometridae Amelora sp. Cape Moths Geometridae Antasia flavicapitata Geometridae Anthela acuta Common Anthelid Moth Anthelidae Anthela ferruginosa Anthelidae Anthela repleta Anthelidae Anthela sp. Anthelidae Anthela varia Variable Anthelid Anthelidae Antipterna sp. Oecophoridae Ardozyga mesochra Gelechiidae Ardozyga sp. Gelechiidae Ardozyga xuthias Gelechiidae Arhodia lasiocamparia Pink Arhodia Geometridae Arrade destituta Erebidae Arrade leucocosmalis Erebidae Asthenoptycha iriodes Tortricidae Asura lydia Erebidae Azelina biplaga Geometridae Barea codrella Oecophoridae Calathusa basicunea Nolidae Calathusa hypotherma Nolidae Capusa graodes Geometridae Capusa sp. Geometridae Carposina sp. Carposinidae Casbia farinalis Geometridae Casbia sp. Geometridae Casbia tanaoctena Geometridae Catacometes phanozona Oecophoridae Catoryctis subparallela Xyloryctidae Cernia amyclaria Geometridae Chaetolopha oxyntis Geometridae Chelepteryx
    [Show full text]
  • The Little Things That Run the City How Do Melbourne’S Green Spaces Support Insect Biodiversity and Promote Ecosystem Health?
    The Little Things that Run the City How do Melbourne’s green spaces support insect biodiversity and promote ecosystem health? Luis Mata, Christopher D. Ives, Georgia E. Garrard, Ascelin Gordon, Anna Backstrom, Kate Cranney, Tessa R. Smith, Laura Stark, Daniel J. Bickel, Saul Cunningham, Amy K. Hahs, Dieter Hochuli, Mallik Malipatil, Melinda L Moir, Michaela Plein, Nick Porch, Linda Semeraro, Rachel Standish, Ken Walker, Peter A. Vesk, Kirsten Parris and Sarah A. Bekessy The Little Things that Run the City – How do Melbourne’s green spaces support insect biodiversity and promote ecosystem health? Report prepared for the City of Melbourne, November 2015 Coordinating authors Luis Mata Christopher D. Ives Georgia E. Garrard Ascelin Gordon Sarah Bekessy Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group Centre for Urban Research School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University 124 La Trobe Street Melbourne 3000 Contributing authors Anna Backstrom, Kate Cranney, Tessa R. Smith, Laura Stark, Daniel J. Bickel, Saul Cunningham, Amy K. Hahs, Dieter Hochuli, Mallik Malipatil, Melinda L Moir, Michaela Plein, Nick Porch, Linda Semeraro, Rachel Standish, Ken Walker, Peter A. Vesk and Kirsten Parris. Cover artwork by Kate Cranney ‘Melbourne in a Minute Scavenger’ (Ink and paper on paper, 2015) This artwork is a little tribute to a minute beetle. We found the brown minute scavenger beetle (Corticaria sp.) at so many survey plots for the Little Things that Run the City project that we dubbed the species ‘Old Faithful’. I’ve recreated the map of the City of Melbourne within the beetle’s body. Can you trace the outline of Port Phillip Bay? Can you recognise the shape of your suburb? Next time you’re walking in a park or garden in the City of Melbourne, keep a keen eye out for this ubiquitous little beetle.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 113: 558–570, 2016 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2016.076 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Spilarctia robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) and its phylogenetic implications YU SUN, SEN TIAN, CEN QIAN, YU-XUAN SUN, MUHAMMAD N. ABBAS, SAIMA KAUSAR, LEI WANG, GUOQING WEI, BAO-JIAN ZHU * and CHAO-LIANG LIU * College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China; e-mails: [email protected] (Y. Sun), [email protected] (S. Tian), [email protected] (C. Qian), [email protected] (Y.-X. Sun), [email protected] (M.-N. Abbas), [email protected] (S. Kausar), [email protected] (L. Wang), [email protected] (G.-Q. Wei), [email protected] (B.-J. Zhu), [email protected] (C.-L. Liu) Key words. Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae, Spilarctia robusta, phylogenetic analyses, mitogenome, evolution, gene rearrangement Abstract. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Spilarctia robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) was se- quenced and analyzed. The circular mitogenome is made up of 15,447 base pairs (bp). It contains a set of 37 genes, with the gene complement and order similar to that of other lepidopterans. The 12 protein coding genes (PCGs) have a typical mitochondrial start codon (ATN codons), whereas cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene utilizes unusually the CAG codon as documented for other lepidopteran mitogenomes. Four of the 13 PCGs have incomplete termination codons, the cox1, nad4 and nad6 with a single T, but cox2 has TA. It comprises six major intergenic spacers, with the exception of the A+T-rich region, spanning at least 10 bp in the mitogenome.
    [Show full text]
  • (Thaumetopoea Ispartaensis Doğanlar & Avci) in Turkey (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) - 9185
    Küçükosmanoğlu: Life cycle of cedar processionary moth (Thaumetopoea ispartaensis Doğanlar & Avci) in Turkey (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) - 9185 - LIFE CYCLE OF CEDAR PROCESSIONARY MOTH (THAUMETOPOEA ISPARTAENSIS DOĞANLAR & AVCI) IN TURKEY (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE) KÜÇÜKOSMANOĞLU, A. Faculty of Forestry, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected]) (Received 20th Mar 2019; accepted 24th May 2019) Abstract. Thaumetopoea ispartaensis Doğanlar and Avcı (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (cedar processionary moth: CPM) is one of the most dangerous pests of Cedrus libani A. Rich. living in abundance in forests of the Isparta region and some forests of Taurus Mountain in Southern Turkey. The present study was conducted to study the biology of T. ispartaensis which was recorded and defined first time in Turkey and its damage on cedar needles. The study was conducted in Isparta-Senirkent Kapıdağ Forests (between 1250 and 1650 m; 38° 06’ N, 30° 45’ E) where the pest caused most damage. It was determined that T. ispartaensis was a monophagous species of C. libani. The flight period of the pest lasted from mid-August to mid-September. Females laid eggs underside of twigs (mean 3.5 mm diameter) on the lower part of trees. Eggs were covered by scales which were colored similar to the bark of shoot. Egg numbers of egg batches varied between 39 and 245 (mean 121). The caterpillars started to hatch in the second half of April, and it had five instars. The caterpillar hatching rate from eggs was found as 87.5%. The caterpillars which built the nests on stems and shoots fed at nights and stayed in their nests in the daytime.
    [Show full text]