Supriya RoyChowdhury Carol Upadhya INDIA’S CHANGING CITYSCAPES: WORK, MIGRATION AND LIVELIHOODS INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL AND NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC CHANGE ADVANCED STUDIES Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India Project Report NIAS/SSc/UMS/U/RR/01/2020 CPIGD 55 India’s Changing Cityscapes: Work, Migration and Livelihoods ISEC - NIAS Collaborative Research Programme, funded by Indian Council of Social Science Research Co-directors: Supriya RoyChowdhury (Institute for Social and Economic Change) Carol Upadhya (National Institute of Advanced Studies) Research team: Prajwal Nagesh (Research Associate) Vishaka Warrier (Research Associate) Harpreet Kaur (Research Associate) Pragati Tiwari (Research Associate) Sazana Jayadeva (Postdoctoral Associate, former) INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL AND NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC CHANGE ADVANCED STUDIES Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India Copyright ISEC and NIAS, 2020 Published by Institute for Social and Economic Change Dr. V K R V Rao Road Nagarabhavi Post Bangalore – 560 072 Tel: (080) 2321 5468 Fax: 23217008 E-mail:
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[email protected] NIAS Report: NIAS/SSc/UMS/U/RR/01/2020 ISEC Report: CPIGD 55 Cover photo: From authors’ fieldwork in Bangalore Executive Summary India’s economic liberalization programme produced high rates of economic growth, yet the structural transformation of the Indian economy has been relatively slow. Although the share of agriculture in GDP has steadily declined, the largest number of workers in India are still employed in agriculture and other rural occupations. The reasons for this situation are complex, but one aspect of the problem is the restructuring of the urban economy in which manufacturing has been overtaken by services.