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HD Agribusiness; Data from Kuvempu University Advance Knowledge in Agribusiness [Biochemical changes in the composition of developing seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre] WC 403 words

PD 7 August 2014

SN Agriculture Week

SC AGRWEK

PG 42

LA English

LP 2014 AUG 7 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- A new study on Agribusiness is now available. According to news originating from Karnataka, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "The biochemical changes occurring in developing Pongamia pinnata seeds were determined at an interval of three weeks from 30 weeks up to 42 weeks after flowering. Significant variation in total sugar, starch, lipid, protein and oil body associated protein contents was documented."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Kuvempu University, "The total carbon content decreased significantly, while nitrogen content increased. Significant variation in mineral nutrient content was also detected across all the stages of seed development. Oil body associated protein-specific band between 20 and 19 kDa was prominently observed at later stages of seed development Phytic acid contentincreased from 0.58 to 2.35%. Steady decrease in chlorophyll content from 0.175 to 0.013 mg g(-1) of seed dry wt. was observed. Electrical conductivity decreased during the seed development. The crude fibre content increased, while the ash content remained constant at all stages of seed maturity. Quantitative changes in amino acids during seed development were observed. Seeds harvested at 42 weeks after flowering had maximum physiological maturity with high oil content and seed reserve material."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The base line data of pongamia seed development could be used in the furtherance of knowledge relating to molecular, physiological and genetic aspects regulating biosynthetic pathways of reserve materials."

For more information on this research see: Biochemical changes in the composition of developing seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Industrial Crops and Products, 2014;53():199-208. Industrial Crops and Products can be contacted at: Elsevier Science Bv, PO Box 211, 1000 Ae Amsterdam, Netherlands. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Industrial Crops and Products - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/522825)

The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from H.R. Pavithra, Kuvempu Univ, Dept. of Appl Bot, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India. Additional authors for this research include B. Gowda and M.B. Shivanna.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Karnataka, Chemistry, Biochemical, Agribusiness

AN Document AGRWEK0020140801ea870000j

WC 3,037 words

PD 31 July 2014

SN Politics & Government Week

SC POLGOV

PG 9900

LA English

LP 2014 JUL 31 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Politics & Government Week -- From Washington, D.C., VerticalNews journalists report that a patent application by the inventors Kiyama, Michihiro (Hiroshima, JP); Yamamoto, Masayuki (Tokyo, JP), filed on September 17, 2010, was made available online on July 17, 2014.

The patent's assignee is Creative Co., Ltd.

TD News editors obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "The present invention relates to a solid fuel. More specifically, it relates to a solid fuel which makes effective use of a binder, a form retaining agent and a vegetable oil- containing substance. Much more specifically, it relates to a solid fuel which makes effective use of a binder and a form retaining agent derived from natural products while using a vegetable oil-containing substance, produces as small an amount as possible of a harmful gas or residue, has a large calorific value and leads to the suppression of the production of carbon dioxide, especially a solid fuel suitable for use as a fuel for power generation.

"The causes of global warming which is one of the global environmental issues include an increasing amount of carbon dioxide existent in air. Various approaches to the suppression of the production of carbon dioxide are being made on a global basis. As one of the approaches, the production of biofuels and use of them in automobiles and power boilers as alternatives to fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline are underway. However, use of foods such as corn which are used as raw materials of the biofuels is breaking down ecological balance and economical balance and therefore it cannot be said that this is the best approach. Thus, it is necessary to take the global environment into consideration while effects on clothing, food and housing whose balance is essential to human lives are minimized. Since this is a very difficult problem to be solved, various studies are under way but the problem is not solved yet.

Page 3 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Then, a solid fuel making use of plastics is used in power boilers as an alternative to oil and coal but it cannot be said that its effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide is satisfactory.

"Meanwhile, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose the recycling of wood waste, paper waste and plastic waste into a solid fuel.

"Patent Document 1 proposes a solid fuel which makes use of used paper and plastic waste. This solid fuel actually comprises 25 to 100 parts by weight of plastic waste based on 100 parts by weight of used paper. Thus, a relatively large amount of plastic waste (20 to 50 wt % of the total) is used. Although this Patent Document 1 teaches that a wood-based waste material may be further used, the amount of the wood-based waste material used in Examples is no more than 10 wt % of the total. The above solid fuel contains plastic waste in a relatively large proportion and therefore, the step of dechlorinating the obtained solid fuel by heating it is required to suppress a trouble caused by the inclusion of polyvinyl chloride at the time of combustion.

"Patent Document 2 proposes a solid fuel obtained by pressure bonding together plastics, wooden powders, bark and used paper and molding the obtained product into a pellet. Although the amount of the plastics contained in the solid fuel is specified as 10 to 80%, judging from FIGS. 2 to 4, the amount of the plastics is estimated at 30% or more, preferably 50% or more.

"Patent Document 3 proposes a method of obtaining a fuel by kneading 5 to 10 parts by weight of a synthetic resin-based waste material with 100 parts by weight of a wood-based waste material and pelletizing the kneaded product. The pellet obtained by this method has a small diameter of about 6 to 12 mm, it cannot be said that the calorific value of the pellet is sufficiently large, and further, its form retention stability is unsatisfactory. Therefore, the pellet is unsuitable for use as a solid fuel for thermal power generation.

"Meanwhile, along with the frequent occurrence of a wide-scale disaster which is seemed to be caused by the global warming phenomenon in recent years, each country is trying to suppress the production of carbon dioxide which is one of greenhouse effect gases but it can be said that this is still unsatisfactory. Then, solid fuels making use of various waste products are used in power boilers as alternatives to oil and coal but it can be said that their effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide is still unsatisfactory.

"That is, since plastics are used as a binder and a fuel source in the solid fuels proposed by the above Patent Documents 1 to 3, considering that the plastics are produced from oil, these solid fuels are unsatisfactory in the effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide."

"Then, the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to develop a solid fuel which can be used as an energy source capable of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide without using plastics derived from oil. As a result, they found that, when a vegetable oil-containing substance which is a natural resource is used in place of waste wood, used paper and plastics which have been used in the prior art and mixed with a binder and a form retaining agent derived from natural products in a certain ratio and the resulting mixture is molded, a solid having a certain shape and a certain size can be formed, and this solid has excellent form retaining ability, has a large calorific value as a fuel, rarely produces a harmful gas or a harmful residue, greatly serves to suppress the production of carbon dioxide as all the raw materials are derived from natural plants and is useful as a solid fuel for power generation. Thus, according to the present invention, there can be provided a solid fuel which can be used for power generation as a clean energy source because all of its raw materials are derived from plants without using plastics which have been used in the prior art.

"Means for Solving the Problem

"According to the present invention, there is provided the following solid fuel.

"1. A solid fuel which is formed from a mixture of a binder (component A), a form retaining agent (component B) and a vegetable oil-containing substance (component C), wherein the amount of the component A is 1 to 85 parts by weight, the amount of the component B is 1 to 55 parts by weight, and the amount of the component Cis 10 to 85 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture, and the mixture is compression molded. 2. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the total amount of the components A and B is 15 to 90 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture. 3. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the amount of the component C is 10 to 80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture. 4. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:25 to 85:1. 5. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the binder (component A) is starch derived from sea alga. 6. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the form retaining agent (component B) is natural rubber. 7. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the vegetable oil- containing substance (component C) is the fruit seed of Ricinus communis or Jatropha curcas, or a pulverized product thereof. 8. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) having an average size of 10 to 100/cm.sup.3 each. 9. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) which is prismatic or cylindrical in shape. 10. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) having an

Page 5 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. apparent specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.6 g/cm.sup.3. 11. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) having a calorific value of 20 to 30 MJ/kg. 12. The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) which is used for thermal power generation.

"Effect of the Invention

"The solid fuel of the present invention can be effectively used as a new energy source, especially an energy source for power generation, by using a binder, a form retaining agent and a vegetable oil-containing substance in a balanced manner. The solid fuel of the present invention can be a new type of solid fuel which rarely produces a harmful gas or a harmful residue, has a large calorific value and leads to the suppression of the production of carbon dioxide.

"The binder and the form retaining agent serve as binders and the vegetable oil-containing substance effectively serves to secure a certain amount of heat in the solid fuel of the present invention, thereby making it possible to mold a solid fuel. Since the solid fuel of the present invention comprises a binder and a form retaining agent derive from plants and a vegetable oil-containing substance without using plastics derived from oil, it has a remarkable effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

"The solid fuel of the present invention is a solid obtained by molding a mixture of a binder, a form retaining agent and a vegetable oil-containing substance. A description is subsequently given of the ratio of raw materials and a molding method.

"(a) Binder

"The binder is starch collected from sea alga containing alginic acid, as exemplified by agarose, carrageenan, curdlan and glucomannan. At least one dried binder out of these or a combination of a binder and a form retaining agent may be used. The binder is cut or severed to a size of 1 to 50 mm. The term 'size' as used herein means the size of a binder passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. The binder may be powdery.

"(b) Form Retaining Agent

Page 6 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. welan gum, erwinia mitsuensis gum, gum elemi, enterobacter gum, enterobacter simanus gum, oligoglucosamine, cassia gum, carob bean gum, glucosamine, artemisia sphaerocephala seed gum, sclero gum, sesbania gum, dextran, triacanthos gum, abelmoschus manihot, macrophomopsis gum, rhamsan gum, levan, daruman resin, peach gum and tamarind. At least one dried form retaining agent out of these or a combination of a form retaining agent and a binder may be used.

"Out of these, guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gellan gum, curdlan, xanthan gum, gum arabic, pectin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, xanthan gum, karaya gum and carob bean gum are preferred, and guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gellan gum, curdlan and xanthan gum are most preferred.

"The form retaining agent is cut or severed to a size of 1 to 50 mm. The term 'size' as used herein means the size of a form retaining agent passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. The form retaining agent may be powdery.

"(c) Vegetable Oil-Containing Substance

"Sapium sebiferum, Quercus suber, millet, rice, food carbide, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, Abutilon avicennae, roselle, Musa basjoo, Juncus effuses L. var. decipens Buchen., Cyperus monophyllus Vahl, okra, Morus bombycis, banana, pineapple, Agave Tequilana, sarago, wisteria, linden, bamboo, reed, esparto, sabai grass, Alpinia zerumbet, Hermerocallis aurantiaca, raran grass, morochi grass, papyrus, ryusu grass, Pueraria lobata, Edgeworthia chrysantha, aotan, cashew nut, oat, lupine, calendula, coffee, hazelnut, spurge, pumpkin, coriander, mustard seed, Carthamus tinctorius, cacao, Tenderstem broccoli, Brassica campestris, macadamia nut, nuts, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane, Sorghum bicolor, potato, wheat, Oryza sativa, olive, sunflower, soybean, safflower, peanut, willow, poplar, switchgrass, elephant grass, Evodiopanax innovans, cactus, lumber, sugar beet, Pistacia chinesis Bunge, cotton, copaiba, Pongamia pinnata, jojoba, Euphorbia tirucalli, Zea mays, sweet potato, Sargassum fulvellum, sesame, cardoon, avocado, kusabinoki, quinua, Guizotia abyssinica, hemp and paulownia are used as the vegetable oil-containing substance. Sapium sebiferum, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane, Zea mays and processed residues thereof are preferred and used as heat sources for burning the solid fuel as a fuel at a power generation facility. The term 'processed residues' means press cakes obtained after oil is squeezed out of the fruits and seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Quercus suber, millet, rice, food carbide, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, Abutilon avicennae, roselle, Musa basjoo, Juncus effuses L. var. decipens Buchen., Cyperus monophyllus Vahl, okra, Morus bombycis, banana, pineapple, Agave Tequilana, sarago, wisteria, linden, bamboo, reed, esparto, sabai grass, Alpinia zerumbet, Hermerocallis aurantiaca, raran grass, morochi grass,

Page 7 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. papyrus, ryusu grass, Pueraria lobata, Edgeworthia chrysantha, aotan, cashew nut, oat, lupine, calendula, coffee, hazelnut, spurge, pumpkin, coriander, mustard seed, Carthamus tinctorius, cacao, Tenderstem broccoli, Brassica campestris, macadamia nut, nuts, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane, Sorghum bicolor, potato, wheat, Oryza sativa, olive, sunflower, soybean, safflower, peanut, willow, poplar, switchgrass, elephant grass, Evodiopanax innovans, cactus, lumber, sugar beet, Pistacia chinesis Bunge, cotton, copaiba, Pongamia pinnata, jojoba, Euphorbia tirucalli, Zea mays, sweet potato, Sargassum fulvellum, sesame, cardoon, avocado, kusabinoki, quinua, Guizotia abyssinica, hemp and paulownia. The fruit seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane and Zea mays or pulverized products thereof are preferred. Out of these, the fruit seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas or pulverized products thereof are particularly preferred. These vegetable oil-containing substances are cut or severed to a size of 1 to 50 mm. The term 'size' as used herein means the size of a vegetable oil-containing substance passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. Although seeds are mainly used, branches or trunks may be partially mixed.

"(d) Composition

"The amount of the component A is 1 to 85 parts by weight, the amount of the component B is 1 to 55 parts by weight, and the amount of the component C is 10 to 85 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture of all the components. The total amount of the components A and B is 15 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 85 parts by weight, and the amount of the component C is preferably 15 to 80 parts by weight.

"Further, the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:25 to 85:1, preferably 1:29 to 80:1.

"Within the above ranges, the solid fuel of the present invention can be solidified by using relatively small amounts of a binder, a form retaining agent and a vegetable oil-containing substance, whereby the calorific value becomes stable. When the total amount of the binder and the form retaining agent is 15 to 90 parts by weight, the amount of the vegetable oil- containing substance is desirably 10 to 85 parts by weight. This ratio is changed by the desired calorific value of the solid fuel.

"(e) Molding Method

"A mixture of the above binder, form retaining agent and vegetable oil-containing substance in the above ratio is preferably pressurized and compressed such that they are closely dispersed.

Page 8 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. "A method in which the binder and the vegetable oil-containing substance are pre-mixed together and the form retaining agent is mixed with the resulting mixture is particularly preferred, and a single-screw or double-screw extruder may be used as a mixing machine. The use of a double-screw extruder is particularly desirable. A composition which has been compressed and extruded by the extruder is ejected from a prismatic or circular nozzle and cut to a suitable length to obtain a prismatic or cylindrical molded product.

"A solid fuel having a desired size can be obtained by setting the diameter of the cylindrical nozzle to 5 to 50 mm and the cut length to 10 to 100 mm.

"(f) Characteristic Properties of Solid Fuel

"Since the solid fuel of the present invention is preferably manufactured by the above molding method industrially, the shape thereof is desirably cylindrical or prismatic and particularly advantageously cylindrical. The size of the solid fuel is each desirably 10 to 100 cm.sup.3 on average in terms of volume. The apparent specific gravity of the solid fuel is desirably in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 g/cm.sup.3.

"The calorific value of the solid fuel is stable at 20 to 30 Mj/kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention comprises the binder, the form retaining agent and the vegetable oil- containing substance in a balanced manner, has a highly stable calorific value and a great effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide and therefore is advantageously used as a fuel for thermal power generation."

For additional information on this patent application, see: Kiyama, Michihiro; Yamamoto, Masayuki. Solid Fuel. Filed September 17, 2010 and posted July 17, 2014. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=6109&p=123&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20140710.PD.&OS=PD/20140710&RS=P D/20140710

Keywords for this news article include: Bioengineering, Biofuel, Biotechnology, Carbon Dioxide, Chemicals, Chemistry, Creative Co., Creative Co. Ltd., Energy, Inorganic Carbon Compounds, Oil and Gas.

Page 9 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. (Patents/Trademarks) | gcat : Political/General News | gglobe : Global/World Issues | gwea : Weather RE usa : United States | namz : North America

AN Document POLGOV0020140725ea7v002uw

Page 10 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Science; Researchers from College of Science Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of General Science (Efficacy of two dominant marker systems, ISSR and TE- AFLP for assessment of genetic diversity in biodiesel species Pongamia pinnata) WC 378 words

PD 30 July 2014

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 206

LA English

LP 2014 JUL 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Investigators publish new report on Science. According to news reporting from Durg, India, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "The extent of genetic diversity was assessed in 12 Pongamia accessions from different regions of Delhi and surrounding areas using two dominant markers, namely ISSR and three endonuclease AFLP (TE-AFLP). Five ISSR primers and two TE-AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 12 and 48 polymorphic bands respectively."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the College of Science, "The Jaccard's dissimilarity coefficient ranged from 0 to 0.90 for ISSR and from 0 to 0.67 for TE-AFLP markers. The polymorphic information content of both markers was equal. However, TE-AFLP had much higher values of marker index and resolving power compared to those obtained for ISSR markers. This study demonstrates the usefulness of dominant markers like ISSR and TE-AFLP for assessment of genetic diversity in Pongamia for which microsatellites markers are still not available."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "However, high multiplex ratio, easy scorability and other high band attributes of TE-AFLP markers make them more suitable compared to ISSR for genetic diversity analysis."

For more information on this research see: Efficacy of two dominant marker systems, ISSR and TE-AFLP for assessment of genetic diversity in biodiesel species Pongamia pinnata. Current Science, 2014;106(11):1576-1580. Current Science can be contacted at: Indian Acad Sciences, C V Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, P B #8005, Bangalore 560 080, India.

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting S.S. Sharma, Rungta Coll Sci & Technol, Durg 491001, India. Additional authors for this research include K. Aadil, M.S. Negi and S.B. Tripathi.

Keywords for this news article include: Durg, India, Asia, Biodiesel, Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Energy, Genetics, Oil and Gas, Science

NS gbiot : Biotechnology | gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document BIWK000020140725ea7u0003o

WC 8,070 words

PD 28 July 2014

ET 06:00 GMT

SN Regulatory News Service

SC RNS

LA English

LP TIDMLEG

RNS Number : 4067N

TD Legendary Investments PLC

28 July 2014

Legendary Investments Plc

("Legendary" or the "Company")

RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2014

HIGHLIGHTS

-- Total net gain on investments at GBP1,119,000 (2013: GBP38,000), an increase of 2,845% -- Profit of GBP901,000, compared with a 2013 loss of GBP158,000 -- Value of investments up at GBP1,628,000 (2013: GBP509,000), an increase of 220% -- Net assets up at GBP1,503,000 (2013:GBP554,000), an increase of 171% -- Total assets up at GBP1,732,000 (2013:GBP649,000), an increase of 167%

Zafar Karim, Executive Chairman said:

"We are pleased at these results, which clearly demonstrate Legendary's ability to source, invest in and proactively add value to investments with potential for massive capital appreciation. The majority of the GBP901,000 profit was due to the uplift in the value of Virtualstock as crystallised by its April fund raise at a post money valuation of GBP25.4 million or over 12x the valuation of GBP2.1 million at which Legendary originally invested. Moreover, we believe that this just the beginning of the journey for Virtualstock. In addition, our other principal investments continue to progress."

EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT

The year under review has been one of landmark progress for Legendary. Substantial progress was made by a number of investee companies, including Virtualstock, Bosques and Amedeo. In particular, a fund raise for Virtualstock placed a post money valuation on its equity of GBP25.4 million, in turn valuing Legendary's equity and derivative stake at GBP1,098,000, as at the balance sheet date, generating a landmark (unrealised) profit of GBP1,045,000. Total net gain on investments was GBP1,119,000 compared to GBP38,000 last year. Underperforming investments were divested. Our investment in Regency Mines was disposed of and the proceeds were invested in Oracle Coalfields. Review of potential investments continued throughout the year, although no other suitable investments were identified. Overall, net and total assets as at the year end were GBP1,503,000 (2013:GBP554,000), an increase of 171%, and GBP1,732,000 (2013:GBP649,000), an increase of 167%, respectively. These results demonstrate the returns that can be generated by Legendary's proactive investment style and, indeed, vindicate its investment strategy.

VIRTUALSTOCK HOLDINGS LIMITED

Virtualstock provides software-as-a-service ("SaaS") supply-chain and data management solutions that seamlessly interface with the vast majority of components in inventory, supply and logistics value chain and data management systems and platforms, giving organisations superior control of data, without interfering with existing systems. Virtualstock SaaS solutions provided increased visibility of how organisations are performing through data intelligence and enable more efficient, leaner and cost effective operations. Implementation of Virtualstock's SaaS solutions is rapid, flexible and scalable.

Shortly after the investment, in November 2012, Virtualstock implemented an "end-to-end turn-key solution" for the online branded product range of Bear Grylls Ventures LLP through its website, www.beargryllsstore.com.

Following this, in the year under review, in June 2013, Virtualstock signed a landmark three-year renewable contract with Tesco Plc, the UK's largest retailer. Virtualstock's SaaS solution was fully integrated and active at Tesco by late November 2013. It connects with Tesco's set of systems and suppliers, delivering a far greater

Page 14 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. range of products to be offered online. The solution enables Tesco to add rapidly third party suppliers and their associated product ranges onto the Tesco Direct platform with ease. Using the solution, all orders from Tesco's range of suppliers can be viewed and managed centrally, on the same intuitive web based interface. Virtualstock's solution has allowed Tesco to increase significantly its online presence by expanding its non-stocked product range supplied by hundreds of its drop-ship suppliers without having to take on inventory. It forms a key component of Tesco's online technology strategy and infrastructure, providing the suppliers with a tool which enables them to manage fully the selling of their products through Tesco's corporate website.

Winning Tesco as a client and becoming a key part of their online technology infrastructure is an outstanding reference point for Virtualstock. The win demonstrates that the UK's and, indeed, one of the world's largest retailers sees the benefit of Virtualstock's solution. Critically, they trust the solution to form an essential part of their online infrastructure. The win also underlines the robustness and scalability of Virtualstock's solution.

Also in November 2013, Virtualstock signed a significant contract extension with Office Depot International to support its expansion into Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Benelux, with the collaboration spanning eight European territories.

Following on from this, in December 2013, Virtualstock contracted with Kiddicare.com Limited, then part of WM Morrison Supermarkets PLC and now owned by Endless private equity, to supply Kiddicare with Virtualstock's SaaS solution. This contract win is another outstanding reference point for Virtualstock. The service went "live" with Kiddicare in late December 2013.

With landmark contract wins and increasing momentum, growth funding was raised for Virtualstock in early 2014. GBP525,000 was raised through an oversubscribed issuance of Virtualstock equity to accelerate Virtualstock's growth. The fundraising placed a post money value on Virtualstock of GBP25.4 million, which compares very favourably to the valuation of GBP2.1 million at which Legendary which invested in Virtualstock in October 2012. As part of the fundraise, which is seen by Virtualstock as the first in a series of potential strategic transactions, its holding structure was simplified and new articles were put in place. This fund raising closed in early April 2014, a few days after Legendary's year end. In line with FRS 26 and the IPEVG, the value of GBP25.4 million for Virtualstock was used as a reference for the valuation of the Legendary equity and derivative stake held at the balance sheet date, giving the equity and derivative stake a valuation of GBP1,098,000 and generating for Legendary a substantial (unrealised) profit of GBP1,045,000.

As part of the fundraise, Legendary negotiated further warrants and options over shares of Virtualstock representing 1.2% of the fully diluted equity. Consequently, in aggregate, following the fundraise, Legendary's equity and derivative stake in Virtualstock, rather than being diluted from 5.0% to 4.4%, rose to 5.6% of its fully diluted equity.

Page 15 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The fundraise, at a valuation of 12.1x the valuation at which Legendary initially invested, along with the landmark contracts that Virtualstock now has underline the potential of Legendary's proactive investment strategy and the confidence shown by third party investors and world class customers in Virtualstock.

Following on from the fundraise, in May 2014, also post balance sheet, Virtualstock was accepted on the UK Government's G-Cloud 5 Framework programme. G-Cloud 5 provides central government departments, executive agencies and non-departmental public bodies with an innovative, cheaper and faster way to access and purchase government-approved IT products and services through a service catalogue portal. By being accepted on G Cloud 5, Virtualstock is now able to provide its services to public sector organisations. Discussions with respect to large contracts with certain public sector organisations are underway.

In June 2014, post balance sheet, Legendary exercised all of its derivative instruments in Virtualstock taking its equity holding in Virtualstock from 2.2% to 5.6%. As at the balance sheet date, Legendary's equity stake and derivatives in Virtualstock were held on its balance sheet at GBP1,098,000. Post the exercise and at the growth fund raise valuation, Legendary's stake in Virtualstock is valued at GBP1,489,000.

Virtualstock's clients include Tesco, Kiddicare, Viking (stationery), Office Depot, Playtex, Wonderbra, Craghoppers and Bear Grylls amongst many others. It has a growing pipeline and is in discussions with several other organisations in both the private and public sectors. Its revenues are growing rapidly and it has extremely high gross margins, typical of companies in the SaaS space.

Virtualstock is in the critical space of aggregating and processing data from a variety of sources. Its SaaS solutions are applicable to a wide range of sectors of which retail is only one. Critically, its solutions have the ability to connect with otherwise fragmented legacy systems without heavy integrations. Virtualstock is well on its way to becoming an industry standard inventory, supply and logistics value chain and data management utility.

Legendary has proactively supported and assisted Virtualstock to reach this stage during which substantial milestones have been achieved by and substantial value has been added to Virtualstock. Legendary looks forward to continuing to assist Virtualstock in achieving further significant milestones and continuing to grow significantly its value. Legendary expects further strategic transactions in the near to medium term with an attendant crystallisation of value.

BOSQUES ENERGETICOS EBE S.A. DE CV [ 28-07-14 0600GMT ]

Bosques continues to make steady progress, having advanced its research, development and innovation program each year. Since its establishment in late 2009 and the investment by Legendary in late 2010, its innovation based modus operandi has scored many "firsts" in Mexico and the region. It was the first company to germinate pongamia seeds in Mexico; it was the first to root successfully pongamia

Page 16 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. scions in Mexico; and it was the first to have pongamia flowers (within two and a half years of planting compared with the normal time of five to six years). It was ahead of others in developing its inter and mixed multi-crop strategy.

In the year under review, Bosques has continued to develop and innovate. Importantly, its progress has been externally recognised.

Prior to November, 2013, Bosques's best pongamia strain was flowering in less than two and a half years compared to five or more years for normal pongamia. In November 2013, Legendary announced that Bosques had further improved its G2P pongamia, which was by then flowering in 23 months, less than two years, and exhibiting seed pods (which at maturity contain seed). This is believed to be another first for Bosques.

Since then, G2P pongamia have continued to flourish. Bosques currently has 300 G2P pongamia of which some 30% have already flowered and are already exhibiting seed pods.

Also in November 2013, Bosques announced that it had developed early and high yielding G4J jatropha. The G4J jatropha commences yielding seeds in as early as six months compared to up to two years for normal jatropha. In addition, the G4J jatropha exhibits multiple branching leading to high yields. Bosques expects that under optimal conditions, G4J jatropha could yield as much as 6,000 plus kg of seeds per hectare in year five. Moreover, G4J jatropha, unlike many jatropha variants, is non-toxic. Bosques currently has 28,000 G4J jatropha of which 14,000 are producing seeds.

Bosques has managed to reduce the time to seed for both its pongamia and jatropha plants, bringing forward cash flows and thereby increasing returns. Increasing yield also increases returns. In addition, its G4J jatropha is non-toxic. The cake remaining after pressing can be used as animal feed which commands a higher price than cake which can be used only as organic fertiliser.

In March 2014, Bosques reported that it had been invited to and had joined the Steering Committee of Project Jetropha on the basis of the strength of the Bosques' cutting edge development work and its strains of bio-diesel crops. Project Jetropha, established by Alternative Fuels America, Inc., is an industry organisation devoted to advocacy, support and collaboration by and for small and mid-sized jatropha producers and jatropha based biodiesel producers seeking to contribute to the growing movement to blend traditional aircraft petroleum with jatropha biodiesel for cleaner aviation fuel. Craig Frank, Chief Executive Officer of Alternative Fuels America, commented at the time "We are delighted that Bosques has joined Project Jetropha as a steering committee member. Its field research based approach is second to none and is producing advanced jatropha varieties with low time to yield and high yield characteristics. The varieties are also edible, further enhancing their economics. We look forward to working with Bosques on Project Jetropha".

The invitation to join the Steering Committee of Project Jetropha is an endorsement of the development and innovations that Bosques has brought about.

Post the year end in July 2014, Bosques announced that it has 18 ha under cultivation, 11 ha in Puebla and another 7 ha in Morelos, with 16,000 pongamia trees of which 300 are G2P, 28,000 jatropha plants of which 14,000 are G4J, and 3,000 castor plants. Having proven its techniques on the its initial 11 ha test plantation and now successful growing G4J jatropha on an additional 7 ha in Morelos, Bosques is in early stage discussions on several fronts, including obtaining larger tracks of land on which to plant its cutting edge pongamia and jatropha.

Legendary has been assisting Bosques in all aspects of its development for the last few years and looks forward to continuing to do so.

Legendary has a substantial minority stake of 40% in Bosques. Companies similar to Bosques in size of test plantation and number of plants are valued at several million pounds. Value crystallisation might be expected in the medium term.

AMEDEO RESOURCES PLC (FORMERLY CREON RESOURCES PLC)

Creon Resources plc was recapitalised in June 2012 and its strategy was reset to focus on resource and resource infrastructure and asset investments. Legendary noted at that time that Creon's new shareholders and management were financially strong, well-connected and experienced. Shortly after the recapitalisation, in July 2012, Creon invested in a new offshore vessel construction joint venture with a multi-billion dollar Singaporean listed shipbuilder, Yangzijiang Shipbuilding (Holdings) Ltd. The joint venture immediately began to build its new offshore vessel yard in Taicang, 50 miles north of Shanghai. In December, 2012, the new joint venture secured its first rig order worth US$170 million for a Le Tourneau Super 116E Class design self-elevating mobile offshore jack up drilling rig named Explorer 1.

In January 2013, Legendary purchased 19 million shares in Creon in exchange for GBP125,000 of cash and shares in an off-market transaction. As of at the balance sheet date, the market value of the shares was GBP183,000

In April 2013, in the year under review, and following Legendary's investment, Creon acquired a 49% stake in a ferrous metal and ferrous ore trader, MGR Resources Pte Ltd ("MGR Resources"). This investment was made as there was a natural vertical synergy with the offshore vessel construction joint venture and to provide Creon with near term recurring income (offshore vessel building has long lead times).

Since then, Creon has continued to make significant progress.

Creon's Board was strengthened in September 2013. Zafar Karim was appointed as an Executive Director and Philippe Petitpierre was appointed as a Non-Executive Director. In October 2014, Creon's name was changed to Amedeo Resources plc.

The build of the offshore vessel yard continued apace: Wharf building

Page 18 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. commenced in October 2013; and wharf and finger piers were nearing completion, with work on the skidway and 900 tonne gantry crane advanced and civil works and workshops 50% completed by January 2014. The yard became operational, post balance sheet, in April 2014.

Progress on the build of Explorer 1 continued to quality and on schedule: Steel was struck in August 2013 and the customer agreed an increased specification for the rig at an increased price of US$175 million in October 2013. The keel was laid, at the by then operational new offshore vessel yard, post balance sheet, in April 2014.

MGR Resources, with the help from Amedeo's investment and Amedeo's contacts, increased the volume of ferrous metals broking it conducted. As a result of this increased activity, it was able to pay Amedeo fee income, interest income and dividend income totalling GBP311,000 (US$488,000) from April 2013 to January 2014. This was on the back of an equity investment of US$49,900 and the advancement of a US$1.95 million convertible loan by Amedeo to MGR Resources.

Amedeo, with its new shareholders, management and strategy is on what we believe will be an exciting journey. The sectors that it has targeted are buoyant and are expected to remain so. The ticket size in the sectors, at around the US$200 million mark for rigs, is an order of magnitude larger than Amedeo's current market capitalisation of around the GBP30 million mark. While rig builds take two to three years, Amedeo has secured immediate recurring income through its investment in MGR Resources.

Legendary is assisting Amedeo in various ways to add value rapidly and is pleased to have secured the investment at an early stage in a promising company. In addition, with both Amedeo and Legendary being investment companies, there may be opportunities for co-investments and deal flow.

OTHER INVESTMENTS

Manas Minerals LLC

In July 2012, Legendary invested GBP100,000 into Kyrgyzstan based Manas. Manas owns the Padsha Ata Licence to mine for coal in the Asksy region of Jalal-Abad. Soviet surveys suggest that the region contains 182 million tonnes of coal reserves of which 116 million is of coking coal quality. Legendary's investment is by way of a convertible loan note and a warrant.

Since the investment, various reports have been produced on the Manas coal formation which indicate that it is more intense and thicker than suggested by the Soviet era studies. In addition various discussions are taking place with respect to realising the investment.

Sula Iron and Gold PLC

In July 2012, Legendary invested GBP50,000 in a convertible loan note in a pre-IPO funding round for Sula Iron and Gold PLC. In October

Sula is a multi-commodity exploration company focused on Sierra Leone and sub-Saharan Africa. Its current key objective is to explore and advance its 153 sq. km Ferensola Project in Northern Sierra Leone, which is highly prospective for iron and gold.

In order to maximise the value of its Ferensola licence, Sula has implemented a dual exploration programme, targeting both iron ore and gold resources. A scout drilling programme confirmed that Sula's flagship Ferensola asset hosts consistently high grade iron mineralisation, with best intersections of 14.59m at 55.54% Fe and 73.18m at 43.66% Fe. Sula is currently undertaking further infill drilling, with a view to defining a JORC compliant Direct Shipping Ore resource by the end of 2014.

Additionally, an initial gold exploration programme commenced in Q4 2013 and was completed in February 2014. The results of this programme, received in April 2014, have enabled Sula to identify several drill targets, targeting hard rock gold mineralisation. [ 28- 07-14 0600GMT ]

SRK Exploration Services Ltd, have estimated an exploration target of 500 million tonnes at 30.4% iron and have placed a maximum potential valuation for the iron ore and gold in Sula's Ferensola licence area at US$200 million.

Legendary continues to hold Sula. Current exploration results are promising, and should Sula prove its iron and gold resource, its value is likely to rise substantially. As of at the balance sheet date, Legendary's shares in Sula had a market value of GBP69,000.

Medgold Resources Corp.

Medgold Resources Corp. is a TSX-V listed gold exploration licence and project development company with a particular focus on Italy, Spain and Portugal. In July 2011, Legendary invested GBP50,000 in Medgold Resources Limited, which listed in December 2012 on the TSX-V in Canada thereby becoming Medgold Resources Corp.

Medgold, which is aiming to define 1 million ounces through the development of wholly-owned exploration assets, is run by a highly experienced management team with a successful and value accreting track record in the development of resource companies. Medgold's current portfolio consists of an extensive pipeline containing multiple projects which the Medgold Board believes fit within Medgold's project parameters.

Medgold acquired Klondike Gold Corp's Portuguese exploration assets in January 2014. This has allowed Medgold to control most of the highly prospective Valongo Belt in addition to their existing Boticas and Vila de Rei, Pietratonda, Galician Hercynican Massif and Pinzas Gold projects. The Boticas project is progressing strongly and the identification of a new zone of gold mineralisation is enhancing the commercial prospects of the investment. These findings are validating

Legendary continues to hold Medgold. Should Medgold achieve its targets, its value is likely to rise substantially. As of at the balance sheet date, the market value of Legendary's shares in Medgold was GBP74,000.

Regency Mines PLC

Regency is a mineral exploration and development company focusing on nickel and cobalt in Papua New Guinea (alongside JV partner Direct Nickel) and gold, flake graphite and base metals in Australia. Legendary invested GBP50,000 in Regency in July 2012. At the time of the investment, Regency provided exposure to several projects including the lignite project in South Eastern Pakistan being developed by Oracle Coalfields PLC. Regency has not performed as expected, and in May 2013 it disposed of its stake in Oracle. As a result of this, Legendary made a decision to exit Regency. This process was completed, post balance sheet, in June 2014, and the proceeds were invested into Oracle.

Oracle Coalfields PLC

Oracle is a coal developer whose primary asset is the Thar Coalfield Block VI licence area located in the Sindh Province, south-eastern Pakistan, a 1.4 billion tonnes resource with 529 million tonnes JORC mineral resource and 113 million tonnes JORC proven reserves within the mining area of the licence. Oracle is in the process of developing the resource in collaboration with partners, including a Chinese consortium. Should it succeed in this, its value should rise substantially. As of at the balance sheet date, the market value of Legendary's shares in Oracle was GBP21,000.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

During the year, Legendary made a net gain on investments of GBP1,119,000 (2013: GBP38,000). This was primarily due to the gain on the Virtualstock equity and derivative stakes, although there were also gains and losses on other investments.

Administrative costs were GBP214,000 (2013: GBP196,000).

The Company has a policy of keeping administrative costs as low as practicable and aligning director interests with shareholder interests, keeping cash remuneration for directors at a minimum unless profitable realisations of investments are made. Of the GBP214,000 (2013: GBP196,000) of administrative costs, share based payments accounted for GBP48,000 (2013: GBP15,000), leaving cash administrative costs as GBP166,000 (2013: GBP181,000). In line with Legendary's policy of aligning shareholder and director interests, 180,000,000 (2013: 50,000,000) out of the money options with an exercise price of 0.2 pence and ten year life were granted to the Directors. In addition each Director received GBP1,200, or a total of GBP2,400 (2013: GBP23,230) of cash remuneration.

Within the remaining GBP164,000 (2013: GBP158,000) of administrative

Page 21 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. costs, certain costs rose (primarily subscriptions, accountancy and audit fees) while other costs fell (primarily travel) reflecting the various activities undertaken by the Company.

The operating profit was GBP905,000 (2013 loss: GBP158,000). There were GBP4,000 of finance charges (2013: GBPnil) as a result of Legendary taking out a short term loan of US$250,000 (see below and note 10). The profit before taxation for the year was GBP901,000 (2013 loss: GBP158,000).

As at the year end, Legendary's investments (fixed asset investments and current asset investments) were recorded at GBP1,628,000 (2013: GBP509,000), an increase of 210%.

Debtors due within one year were GBP39,000 (2013: GBP10,000 excluding GBP25,000 of the debtors due within one year which was attributable to cash balances held in the client account of Legendary's accountants). As at the balance sheet date, debtors due within one year included a short term loan to Virtualstock of GBP38,000 (2013: nil).

Cash amounted GBP63,000 (2013: GBP126,000 of cash, including GBP25,000 held in the client account of Legendary's accountants).

As at the year end, creditors falling due within one year increased to GBP199,000 (2013: GBP65,000). This was primarily due to Legendary taking out a short term loan of US$250,000 bearing interest at 10% per annum (note 10).

Overall, net and total assets for the year were GBP1,503,000 (2013: GBP554,000) an increase of 171%, and GBP1,732,000 (2013: GBP649,000), an increase of 167%, respectively.

Post balance sheet, in May 2014, Legendary raised GBP900,000 (before expenses), by way of a placing of 818,181,817 ordinary shares of 0.10 pence nominal value each at a price of 0.11 pence per new ordinary share. The shares were placed with a range of institutional and private investors.

Zafar Karim subscribed for 22,727,273 new ordinary Shares for GBP25,000 at the placing price. Zafar Karim's resultant interest in the Company was 55,727,273 ordinary shares, representing 2.3% of the Company's share capital as enlarged by the placing.

Following admission of the new ordinary shares, the Company's enlarged issued share capital was 2,461,530,833 ordinary shares

Legendary applied GBP392,000 of the funds to exercise options over shares in Virtualstock thereby raising Legendary's stake from 2.2% to 5.6% of the share capital of Virtualstock.

As at 18 July 2014, Legendary had cash and listed investments of GBP783,000.

MISCELLANEOUS

As part of the development of the Company, early in the year under review, in April 2013, Legendary launched a new, more informative website. In addition, in November 2013, Legendary appointed Beaufort Securities Limited as joint broker.

OUTLOOK

The year under review has been a highly successful one in in which substantial progress has been made, particularly in the principal investments. Post the year end, the Virtualstock valuation achieved for the fund raise demonstrated the returns that Legendary is able to generate. Moreover, the Board believes that this is just the beginning of the journey for Virtualstock. Post year end, Bosques successfully cultivated an additional 7 ha with G4J Jatropha, and Amedeo also achieved the milestone of laying the keel on Explorer 1. Legendary's KPIs, its net and total assets, point to this being a landmark year: net and total assets as at the year end were GBP1,503,000 (2013: GBP554,000), an increase of 171%, and GBP1,732,000 (2013: GBP649,000), an increase of 167%, respectively. These results both demonstrate and vindicate Legendary's proactive investment strategy.

The Board looks confidently to the future.

Extracts of the audited results appear below and a full version will be available on the Company's website www.legendaryinvestments.co.uk

For further information, please contact:

Legendary InvestmentsZafar Karim / Thomas Plc Reuner 020 8201 3536 Grant Thornton UK Colin Aaronson/ Melanie LLP Frean / Jen Clarke 020 7383 5100 Beaufort Securities Limited Saif Janjua 020 7382 8300 Nick Emerson/ Andrew SI Capital Thacker 01483 413500

About Legendary Investments Plc

Legendary Investments Plc is a proactive investment company that focuses on making investments in and assisting companies which exhibit the potential to generate returns of many multiples through capital appreciation. Typically, Legendary invests in small companies where there are clear catalysts for value appreciation and the companies are operating in sectors exhibiting long term growth. Examples of such sectors include technology, energy and natural resources.

For more information, visit www.leginvest.com [ 28-07-14 0600GMT ]

Profit and Loss Statement

2014 2013 Note GBP'000 GBP'000 (audited) (audited) Net gain on investments 1,119 38

Administrative expenses (214) (196)

Operating profit 905 (158)

Profit on ordinary activities before interest 905 (158) Interest payable (4) -

Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 2 901 (158) Tax on profit on ordinary activities 4 - -

Profit for the financial year 15 901 (158)

Earnings per share

* basic (pence) 5 0.05p (0.01)p

* fully diluted (pence) 5 0.04p -

A separate statement of recognised gains and losses has not been prepared as the Company has no recognised gains or losses in the current or prior period other than the gains noted above.

All activities derive from continuing operations.

Balance Sheet

2014 2013 GBP'000 GBP'000 Notes (audited) (audited)

FIXED aSSETS Tangible Assets 6 2 4 Investments 7 1,281 236

1,283 240

cURRENT aSSETS

449 409

CREDITORS: amounts falling due within one year 10 (199) (65)

NET CURRENT ASSETS 250 344

CREDITORS: Amounts falling due after more than one year 11 (30) (30)

NET ASSETS 1,503 554

Capital and reserves Called up share capital 12 1,643 1,643 Share premium account 13 8,316 8,316 Share warrant and option reserve 219 171 Profit and loss account - deficit 15 (8,675) (9,576)

Equity Shareholders' FUNDS 16 1,503 554

Cash Flow Statement

2014 2013 GBP'000 GBP'000 Notes (audited) (audited) Net cash outflow from operating activities 17 (190) (140)

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE AND FINANCIAL INVESTMENT Fixed Asset investments during the year -

Net cash outflow from capital expenditure and financial investment - (172)

MANAGEMENT OF LIQUID RESOURCES Current Asset investments made during the year - (196)

- (196)

Financing

Increase in debt 152 - Issue of new ordinary shares - 75

152 75

Decrease iN CASH IN THE YEAR (38) (433)

RECONCILIATION OF NET CASH FLOW TO MOVEMENT 2014 2013 IN NET FUNDS GBP'000 GBP'000 Decrease in cash in the year (38) (433) Non-cash movement from investing activities 74 - Cash inflow from financing activities (152) Cash outflow from increase in liquid resources - (196)

(116) (237)

Net funds at start of year 19 344 581

Net funds at end of year 228 344

1 SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS

The Company only has one class of business and only operates within the United Kingdom.

2 PROFIT/(LOSS) ON ORDINARY ACTIVITIES BEFORE 2014 2013 TAX GBP'000 GBP'000 Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities before

Page 26 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. tax for the year is stated after charging: Depreciation of tangible fixed assets 2 1 Auditor's remuneration - statutory audit 26 18 - Services relating to taxation - 5 - Other services 1 7

2014 2013 3 DIRECTORS Number Number Number of employees The average monthly number of employees including directors, during the year was: 2 3

GBP'000 GBP'000 Directors' emoluments Directors' fees 2 23

Other than the gross director's fees of GBP2,400 (2013: GBP23,230) accrued in the year there were no staff costs paid during the year (2013: GBPnil). The Company did not incur any social security costs in relation to the fees. With respect to directors' share based payments, see note 14.

2014 2013 4 TAX ON PROFIT/(LOSS) ON ORDINARY ACTIVITIES GBP'000 GBP'000 Analysis of charge/(credit) in the year: Current tax - - Deferred tax - -

- -

4 TAX ON PROFIT/(LOSS) ON ORDINARY ACTIVITIES 2014 2013 (continued) GBP'000 GBP'000

Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities before tax 901 (158)

Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK 23% (2013: 24%) 207 (38) Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 40 3 Tax losses (utilised)/unutilised (247) 35

Current tax charge/(credit) for year - -

As at 31 March 2014 the Company had losses of approximately GBP 5.2m (2013: GBP6.2m) available to carry forward against future income. A deferred tax asset of GBP GBP1.2m (2013: 1.4m) is not recognised in respect of these losses due to the uncertainty as to the utilisation of the losses in the foreseeable future.

Future tax charges will be dependent on the split of profits for tax purposes as between revenue and capital items, and the utilisation of losses incurred to date.

2014 2013 5 PROFIT/(LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE GBP'000 GBP'000 Profit/(loss) for the financial year 901 (158)

Average number of ordinary shares in issue (basic) ('000) 1,643,349 1,586,758

Basic earnings per share (pence) 0.05p (0.01)p Diluted earnings per share (pence) 0.04p -

The average number of undiluted shares in issue during the year was 1,643,349,016. The fully diluted number of shares in issue during the year was 2,083,121,743.

6 TANGIBLE FIXED ASSET Office Equipment GBP'000

COST

DEPRECIATION At 1 April 2013 1 Charge for the year 2

At 31 March 2014 3

NET BOOK VALUE At 31 March 2014 2

At 31 March 2013 4

7 FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS Unlisted Investments GBP'000

VALUATION At 1 April 2013 236

Gain on revaluation 1,045

At 31 March 2014 1,281

7 FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS (continued)

[ 28-07-14 0600GMT ]

The Company holds more than 20% of the equity (and no other share or loan capital) of the following undertakings:-

Class of Proportion Nature of Other Participating Interest: holding directly Business held

Bosques Energeticos EBE S.A. Ordinary 40% Development and de C.V. cultivation of

renewable energy

crops

Bosques Energeticos EBE S.A. de C.V. in which the Company has more than 20% interest, is not treated as an associated undertaking. All investments are measured at fair value through profit and loss as detailed in the accounting policy.

8 CURRENT ASSET INVESTMENTS Listed

Investments

GBP'000

VALUATION At 1 April 2013

AIM listed investments 220 Other listed investments 53

273

Additions 18 Disposals (20) Gain/(loss) on revaluation 76

At 31 March 2014 347

9 Debtors: amounts due within one year 2014 2013 GBP'000 GBP'000

Prepayments 1 10 Other Debtors 38 25

39 35

GBP37,500 of the other debtors as at 31 March 2014 represent a short term loan advanced to Virtualstock Holdings Limited for the purposes of the working capital. No interest on this loan is due to the Company as the whole of the loan amount advanced was, post the balance sheet date, offset against the exercise price of a warrant over equity in Virtualstock Holdings Limited.

GBP25,000 of other debtors as at 31 March 2013 represent cash balances held in the client account of the Company's accountant.

Due to their short term nature, the carrying value of debtors as above approximates to their fair value.

10 CREDITORS: amounts falling due within one 2014 2013 year GBP'000 GBP'000

Trade creditors 21 21 Accruals 26 44 Short term loan 152 -

199 65

Trade creditors and accruals represent the Company's financial liabilities measured at amortised cost. Due to their short term nature, carrying value approximates to fair value.

The short term loan of US$250,000, equivalent to GBP152,000, was taken out in December 2013. The loan has a fixed term of 12 months payable on or before 31 December 2014. The loan carries a fixed interest of 10%. Interest accrued on the loan at balance sheet date totalled GBP4,000 and is included in accruals.

11 CREDITORS: amount falling due after more 2014 2013 than a year GBP'000 GBP'000

Loan 30 30

GBP30,000 was raised in August 2010 by way of a loan facility. The facility bears no interest and has no fixed date for repayment. The loan is not expected to be paid in the foreseeable future and therefore has been classified as due in more than one year as the Directors believe this most appropriately reflects the period over which the loan will be repaid. As part of the terms of the loan, Legendary granted 260,000,000 warrants over new ordinary shares at an exercise price of 0.1p per share. At the date the warrants were granted, the Company's share price was 0.075p. The warrants expire in August 2015.

2014 2013 12 CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL GBP'000 GBP'000 AUTHORISED 3,000,000,000 ordinary shares of GBP0.001 each 3,000 3,000

ALLOTTED, ISSUED AND FULLY PAID 1,643,349,016 (2013: 1,643,349,016) ordinary shares of GBP0.001 each

2014 2013 13 SHARE PREMIUM GBP'000 GBP'000 At start of the year 8,316 8,309 Premium on Ordinary Shares Issued of 0.001 each - 7

At end of the year 8,316 8,316

14 SHARE BASED PAYMENT

Share Options

The Company has unapproved and approved share option schemes in which the directors participate.

Under the Company's approved share option plan, the Company grants options and shares to certain directors and employees of the Company. If the options remain unexercised for a period of 10 years from the date of grant, the options lapse. The options are exercisable immediately on grant.

Details of Directors' outstanding share options as at the year ended are shown below.

31 March 2014 31 March 2013 Exercise Exercise price price per share Number per share Number

Zafar Karim 0.20p 241,000,000 0.20p 106,000,000 Thomas Reuner 0.35p 5,000,000 0.35p 5,000,000 Thomas Reuner 0.20p 72,000,000 0.20p 27,000,000

318,000,000 138,000,000

Movements in ordinary share options outstanding

31 March 2014 31 March 2013 Weighted average Weighted average exercise price exercise price Number pence Number pence At start of the year 170,000,000 0.20p 120,000,000 0.20p Granted during the year 180,000,000 0.20p 50,000,000 0.20p

At end of the year 350,000,000 0.20p 170,000,000 0.20p

All options were exercisable at the end of the year.

Last date Exercise Granted No. Lapsed Exercised Outstanding when exercisable price No. at 31 March

2014

1 January 2021 0.20p 80,000,000 - - 80,000,000 15 May 2021 0.35p 5,000,000 - - 5,000,000 5 January 2022 0.20p 35,000,000 - - 35,000,000 2 January 2023 0.20p 50,000,000 - - 50,000,000 9 June 2023 0.20p 80,000,000 - - 80,000,000 23December 2023 0.20p 100,000,000 - - 100,000,000

350,000,000 350,000,000

14 SHARE BASED PAYMENT (continued)

Fair value

Page 33 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The fair value of the options is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses assumptions noted in the table below. No performance conditions were included in the fair value calculations.

Expected life of options (years) 5 Exercise price 0.20p Share price at grant date 0.10p-0.11p Risk free rate 0.88% -1.83% Expected share price volatility 50%-55% Expected dividend yield 0.00% Estimate of % of options vesting 100% Assumed staff attrition 0% Fair value of options 0.016p -0.036p

The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. Expected volatilities are based on implied volatilities as determined by simple average of a sample of listed companies base in similar sectors. The risk free rate for the period within the contractual life of the option is based on the UK gilt yield curve at the time of the grant.

The share based payment charged for the year was GBP48,000 (2013: GBP12,000). This is included in administrative expenses with in the profit and loss account.

Warrants [ 28-07-14 0600GMT ]

Other than the employee share options set out above, warrants have been granted with exercise prices and dates shown in the table below.

Last date when Exercise Granted No. Lapsed Exercised Outstanding exercisable price No. at 31 March

2014

5 August 2015 0.10p 260,000,000 - - 260,000,000 6 August 2015 0.20p 10,000,000 - - 10,000,000 24 November 2015 0.15p 25,000,000 - - 25,000,000 25 November 2013 0.15p 30,000,000 30,000,000 - nil 29 November 2015 0.20p 20,000,000 -

607,500,000 352,500,000

Movements in warrants outstanding

31 March 2014 31 March 2013 Weighted average Weighted average exercise price exercise

price Number Pence Number pence At start of the year 607,500,000 0.13p 570,000,000 0.13p Granted during the year - 37,500,000 0.15p Lapsed during the year (255,000,000) 0.16p - 0.15p

At end of the year 352,500,000 0.12p 607,500,000 0.13p

The fair value of warrants granted in the year was GBPnil (2013: GBP3,000).

14 SHARE BASED PAYMENT (continued)

Fair value

The fair value of the warrants is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses assumptions noted in the table below. No performance conditions were included in the fair value calculations.

Expected life of warrants (years) 2-3 Exercise price 0.10p - 0.20p

Page 35 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Share price at grant date 0.08p - 0.11p Risk free rate 0.35% Expected share price volatility 40% Expected dividend yield 0.00% Estimate of % of options vesting 100% Assumed staff attrition 0% Fair value of options 0.065p

Other Information

The market price of the Company's ordinary shares ranged from a high of 0.1800p to a low of 0.0650p during the year.

2014 2013 15 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT GBP'000 GBP'000 At the start of the year (9,576) (9,418) Profit for the financial year 901 (158)

At the end of the year (8,675) (9,576)

16 RECONCILIATION OF MOVEMENTS IN SHAREHOLDERS' 2014 2013 FUNDS GBP'000 GBP'000 Opening shareholders' funds 554 622 Profit for the financial year 901 (158) Share issue - 75 Share warrant and option charge 48 15

Closing shareholders' funds 1,503 554

17 RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING LOSS TO NET 2014 2013 CASH OUTFLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES GBP'000 GBP'000 Operating profit 901 (158) Share option/warrant charge 48 15 Depreciation 2 1 (Decrease)/increase in creditors (18) 29 (Increase) in debtors (4) (29) Loss on investment - 2 Net gain on fixed investments (1,045) - Net gain on current investments (74) -

Net cash outflow from operating activities (190) (140)

18 ANALYSIS OF NET FUNDS At 31 March Non-cash At 31 March 2013 Movements Cash flows 2014 GBP'000 GBP'000 GBP'000 GBP'000 Cash at bank and in hand 101 - (38) 63 Current asset investments 273 74 - 347 Loan due after one year (30) - - (30) Loan due within one year - - (152) (152)

344 74 (190) 228

Fixed asset investments have been excluded in both periods to reflect more properly that these are not liquid resources.

19 RECONCILIATION OF NET CASH FLOW TO MOVEMENT 2014 2013 IN NET FUNDS GBP'000 GBP'000 Decrease in cash in the year (38) (433) Non-cash movement from investing activities 74 - Cash inflow from financing activities (152) - Cash outflow from increase in liquid resources - 196

(116) (237)

Net funds at start of year 344 581

Net funds at end of year 228 344

Current asset investments of GBPnil (2013: GBP196,000) are disclosed on the face of the cash flow statement within management of liquid resources in 2014.

20 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables include cash at bank and in hand and other debtors. Financial liabilities at amortised cost include trade creditors, accruals and loans.

Borrowing facilities

At the year end the Company had no overdraft facility (2013: GBPnil).

20. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

Capital Management

The Company is financed primarily with equity capital, which is then utilised to meet operating expenses and make investments. Investments are financed primarily from equity capital, though debt may be utilised where it is felt that it is prudent to do so.

Interest rate risk

The Company does have exposure to interest rate.

The Company has a loan at a fixed interest rate of 10% paid in two half yearly instalments. The interest rate is fixed for the term of the loan.

The Company does not hold any deposits as at the year end.

Currency risk

The Company makes investments in both UK and foreign companies. In addition, the companies in which the Company invests may or may not have exposure to foreign currency exposure. In this regard the Company has foreign currency exposure. Currency exposure is one the factors considered when making investments, and as such it is implicitly managed at the point of investment.

In addition, the Company has a loan denominated in US$ and is therefore exposed to the risk of GBPSterling depreciating against the US$.

Liquidity risk

The Company makes investments in unlisted and listed entities. Consequently the Company is exposed to the liquidity risk to the extent that it may not be able to find buyers for its unlisted investments and liquidity in its listed investments may be low. Therefore there can be no certainty that the Company would be able to

Market risk

The Company monitors the value of its investments on a regular basis, and takes action to decrease or dispose of investments when it deems appropriate.

Credit risk

The bank account of the Company and of the client account held by PSB Accountants Limited is held with well established financial institutions of high quality credit standing.

Fair value hierarchy

Fair values have been measured at the end of the reporting period as follows -

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 'Quoted 'Observable 'Unobservable Total prices' prices' prices' GBP'000 GBP'000 GBP'000 GBP'000 Year ended 31 March 2014 Financial assets At fair value through profit and loss 347 - 236 583

All fixed asset investments are classified as level 3. The movement on level 3 assets are disclosed in note 7.

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value are disclosed using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used making the fair value measurements, as follows -

-- Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical asset or liabilities ('quoted prices'), [ 28-07-14 0600GMT ]

-- Level 2 - Inputs (other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities) that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability ('observable inputs'), or

-- Level 3 - Inputs that are not based on observable market data ('unobservable inputs')

The Level 3 investments have been valued at the price of recent investment, net asset value or discounted cash flow based on post

21. POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS

Virtualstock Holding Limited

Post the balance sheet date, in April 2014, Virtualstock Holdings Limited raised GBP525,000 through an issuance of equity. The fundraising placed a post money value on Virtualstock Holdings Limited of GBP25.4 million. As part of the fund raise, the Company negotiated further warrants and options over shares of Virtualstock Holdings Limited representing 1.2% of the fully diluted equity. Consequently, in aggregate, following the fund raise, the Company's equity and derivative interest in Virtualstock Holdings Limited rose from 5.0% to 5.6% of the fully diluted equity of Virtualstock Holdings Limited.

Subsequent to the Company's fund raise (see below) in May 2014, in June 2014, the Company exercised all of its derivative instruments in Virtualstock Holdings Limited taking its equity holding in Virtualstock Holdings Limited from 2.2% to 5.6%. The aggregate exercise price was GBP392,000. Post the exercise and at Virtualstock Holdings Limited's the fund raise valuation, the Company's stake in Virtualstock Holdings Limited is valued at GBP1,489,000.

Fund Raise

Post balance sheet, in May 2014, the Company raised GBP900,000 (before expenses), by way of a placing of 818,181,817 ordinary shares of 0.10 pence nominal value each at a price of 0.11 pence per new ordinary share. The shares were placed with a range of institutional and private investors. Following admission of the new ordinary shares, the Company's enlarged issued share capital was 2,461,530,833 ordinary shares

This information is provided by RNS

The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

END

FR SEIFIIFLSEEW [ 28-07-14 0600GMT ]

CO lgendi : Legendary Investments PLC

PUB The London Stock Exchange

AN Document RNS0000020140728ea7s0002r

Page 41 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Life Science Research; Researchers from Institute of Pesticide Research Describe Findings in Biodeterioration and Biodegradation (Insecticidal activity of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion with karanja and jatropha aqueous filtrates) WC 464 words

PD 22 July 2014

SN Life Science Weekly

SC LFSW

LA English

LP 2014 JUL 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Current study results on Life Science Research have been published. According to news reporting out of Gurgaon, India, by NewsRx editors, research stated, "The aim of this study was to utilize the aqueous filtrate of de-oiled karanja (Pongamia glabra) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) cakes left after extracting oil for preparing biodiesel to enhance the activity of eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus) as a pesticide by making a nanoemulsion for the control of Tribolium castaneum, a secondary pest of stored grains. The aqueous filtrate obtained, from the solid cake possessing insecticidal properties was used in place of distilled water to enhance the shelf life of eucalyptus oil for a longer period of time."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Institute of Pesticide Research, "The eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion containing karanja and jatropha aqueous filtrate with concentrations of 300 and 1500 ppm gave 88-100% mortality rates against T castaneum adults within 24 h. The LC50 values recorded for the nanoemulsions with and without the aqueous filtrate were 0.1646 mg/l and 5.4872 mg l(-1),indicating greater toxicity for the nanoemulsion containing aqueous filtrate. The GC MS analysis also indicated the degradation of the marker compound, i.e., 1, 8-cineole, in both types of nanoemulsions, i.e., with and without the aqueous filtrate. Analysis with ATR-FTIR also confirmed the presence of 1,8- cineole in the nanoemulsion containing the aqueous filtrate. The nanoemulsion formulation with the lowest average particle size, 77 nm, was chosen for extensive efficacy trials against T castaneum."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "It was found that the loss of eucalyptus oil by volatilization was stabilised in the nanoemulsion containing the aqueous filtrate."

Page 42 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information on this research see: Insecticidal activity of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion with karanja and jatropha aqueous filtrates. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2014;91():119-127. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation can be contacted at: Elsevier Sci Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/405899)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting M. Pant, Inst Pesticide & Formulat Technol, Formulat Div, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India. Additional authors for this research include S. Dubey, P.K. Patanjali, S.N. Naik and S. Sharma.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Gurgaon, Life Science Research

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document LFSW000020140718ea7m002fa

HD FARM LOOKS TO FUTURE

BY Stephanie Kay

WC 468 words

PD 18 July 2014

SN Bribie Weekly

SC APNBRW

ED Main

PG 3

LA English

LP Employment organisation thinking outside the square to survive

Small crops

TD FRASER Coast Training Employment Support Service might not be an organisation immediately associated with primary production, but it has been growing sugar cane and now small crops near Maryborough for almost a decade.

Farm manager Lino Maragna said he was responsible for the shift to small crops when he came on board with TESS about two years ago, after a long career growing tomatoes, chillis and snow peas in Childers, as well as owning cattle.

Mr Maragna said the farm now grew tomatoes to sell at the Sydney and Brisbane markets, as well as in local shops.

“We grow gourmet tomatoes, cherry tomatoes, yellow grape tomatoes and we also do cattle,” he said.

When funding allows, agricultural students from TESS spend their time at the farm, gaining first-hand knowledge of life on the land.

The farm is also a popular choice for local workers.

“There’s usually about six or seven of us out here picking or packing,” Mr Maragna said.

“We’ve got a long list of people wanting to work out here, but I haven’t got the work yet because I’m still converting the farm to small crops.”

He said while the plan was to eventually get rid of all the cane, this could take years to do.

Mr Maragna said growing food was getting tougher all the time, with prices per box much the same as 25 years ago but wages having roughly tripled in the same period.

“In the meantime ... poison has gone from $100 a drum to $1000 a drum, fuel’s gone from 30 cents to $1.50, and it makes it very hard to make a profit,” he said.

“If we can get rid of the supply and demand market and have a co-op, so farmers could get paid properly, it would be okay – we need to pass our costs on like every other business.”

Mr Maragna said people would need to rely on food grown overseas if Australian farmers were not supported.

He said farmers would have to think outside the box to survive in the future and the TESS farm was considering growing pongamia trees, used to produce oil and diesel.

“They produce the seed and you get biodiesel out of the seed,” he said.

“If you do that on the farm there’s no chance of over supplying.

“You can supply trucking companies, the fishing industry, our own tractors plus the farmers next door.

“I think that’s the way of the future.

“There’s no money in food anymore unless things change.”

NS c21 : Output/Production | ccat : Corporate/Industrial News

RE austr : Australia | queensl : Queensland | apacz : Asia Pacific | ausnz : Australia/Oceania

IPD Community - People | Human interest | Traditional Family

PUB APN Newspapers Pty Ltd

AN Document APNBRW0020140715ea7i000dx

PD 15 July 2014

SN China Weekly News

SC CHWKNW

PG 741

LA English

LP 2014 JUL 15 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at China Weekly News -- According to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by VerticalNews journalists, a patent application by the inventors Rangaswamy, Vidhya (Rabale, IN); Isar, Jasmine (Rabale, IN); Joshi, Harshvardhan (Rabale, IN), filed on August 1, 2012, was made available online on July 3, 2014.

The assignee for this patent application is Reliance Industries Limited.

TD Reporters obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Petroleum-derived fuels have served the mankind for ages. However, the recent awakening to the realization of dismal scenario of fossil fuel availability, perils of petroleum resource exhaustion, and stringent environmental legislation governing worldwide, has led to search for alternative energy sources (Herrera et al., 2004; Li et al 2010). Therefore, several alternative fuels are being investigated, which can either completely replace the petroleum derived fuels (gasoline and diesel) or can be blended with petroleum fuels to certain proportions, without requiring specially adopted engines in vehicles.

"Amongst the other alternative fuels, Butanol was found to be of the best choice as it is superior replacement for gasoline, meeting the societal needs. Biobutanol is unequivocally a better fuel replacement for gasoline and is preferred in other industries for safety reasons. Being renewable, butanol helps in curbing the now so-called notorious 'carbon' and other harmful emissions in the form of hydrocarbons; particulate matter; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX); and other undesirable elements (Sharma et al., 2010).

"Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is a

Page 47 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. primary alcohol with a 4 carbon structure and the molecular formula of C.sub.4H.sub.10O. It is primarily used as a solvent, as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel. Today, there is a paramount interest in producing fuels like butanol and ethanol using microorganisms by fermentation focusing on the environmental aspects and renewable nature of this mode of production. Butanol is a superior fuel and has more calorific value than ethanol (Qureshi and Blascher, 2000). Butanol has higher energy content (110,000 Btu's per gallon for butanol vs. 84,000 Btu per gallon for ethanol). It is six times less 'evaporative' than ethanol and 13.5 times less evaporative than gasoline, can be shipped through existing fuel pipelines where ethanol must be transported via rail, barge or truck (Jones and 'Woods, 1986).

"Butanol is an important industrial solvent and potentially a better fuel extender than ethanol. Current butanol prices as a chemical are at $3.75 per gallon, with a worldwide market of 370 million gallons per year. The market demand is expected to increase dramatically if green butanol can be produced economically from low cost biomass. In addition to its usage as fuel, butanol can be used as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical and textile processes, in organic synthesis and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used as paint thinner and a solvent in other coating applications where it is used as a relatively slow evaporating latent solvent in lacquers and ambient-cured enamels. It finds other uses such as a component of hydraulic and brake fluids (Mutschlechner et al, 2000)/It is also used as a base for perfumes, but on its own has a highly alcoholic aroma.

"Since the 1950s, most butanol in the United States is produced commercially from fossil fuels. The most common process starts with propene, which is run through an hydroformylation reaction to form butanal, which is then reduced with hydrogen to butanol. Butanol is produced by fermentation, from corn, grass, leaves, agricultural waste and other biomass.

"Production of industrial butanol and acetone via fermentation, using Clostridium acetobutylicum, started in 1916. Chime Wizemann, a student of Louis Pasteur, isolated the microbe that made acetone. Up until the 1920s, acetone was the product sought, but for every pound of acetone fermented, two pounds of butanol were formed. A growing automotive paint industry turned the market around, and by 1927 butanol was primary and acetone became the byproduct.

"The production of butanol by fermentation declined from the 1940s through the 1950s, mainly because the price of petrochemicals dropped below that of starch and sugar substrates such as corn and molasses. The labor intensive batch fermentation system's overhead combined with the low yields contributed to the situation. Fermentation-derived acetone and butanol production ceased in the late 1950s.

Page 48 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. "Acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum is one of the oldest known industrial fermentations. It was ranked second only to ethanol fermentation by yeast in its scale of production, and is one of the largest biotechnological processes ever known. The actual fermentation, however, has been quite complicated and difficult to control. ABE fermentation has declined continuously since the 1950s, and almost all butanol is now produced via petrochemical routes. In a typical ABE fermentation, butyric, propionic, lactic and acetic acids are first produced by C. acetobutylicum, the culture pH drops and undergoes a metabolic 'butterfly' shift, and butanol, acetone, isopropanol and ethanol are formed. In conventional ABE fermentations, the butanol yield from glucose is low, typically around 15 percent and rarely exceeding 25 percent.

"The key problem associated with butanol production is butanol toxicity/inhibition of the fermenting microorganism, resulting in low butanol titer in the fermentation broth. (Ezeji et al, 2007). The production of butanol was limited by severe product inhibition. Butanol at a concentration of 1% can significantly inhibit cell growth and the fermentation process. Consequently, butanol concentration in conventional ABE fermentations is usually lower than 1.3 percent. Butanol is highly toxic to biological systems at quite low concentrations of 2% (Jones and Wood, 1986). This toxicity may be because butanol localizes in the plasma membrane and disrupts a number of physiological processes including membrane permeability, solute transport, and maintenance of proton motive force, conformation and activity of intrinsic membrane proteins. Efforts are being made to improve the butanol tolerance level in different species of Clostridia with varying degree of success (Evan and Wang, 1988). Recent interest in the production of butanol has led to re-examination of ABE fermentation, including strategies for reducing or eliminating butanol toxicity to the culture.

"In the past 20+ years, there have been numerous engineering attempts to improve butanol production in ABE fermentation, including cell recycling and cell immobilization to increase cell density and reactor productivity and using extractive fermentation to minimize product inhibition. Despite many efforts, the best results ever obtained for ABE fermentations to date are still less. Optimizing the ABE fermentation process has long been a goal of the industry.

"Butanol is currently produced worldwide at over 1.4 billion gal/year by chemical route. The market demand is expected to increase dramatically if butanol can be produced economically from low-cost biomass. Therefore, development of processes to produce biobutanol using renewable energy sources such as lignocellulosic crops is gaining impetus (Qureshi et al., 2010).

"U.S. Pat. No. 4,521,516 provides a novel asporogenic strain of C. acetobutylicum produced by growing a spore-forming strain in a continuous culturing reactor. Culturing is conducted at a dilution rate which prevents accumulation of butanol and acetone in the medium. Culturing

"U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,673 provide a biologically pure asporogenic mutant of C. acetobutylicum is produced by growing sporugenic C. acetobutylicum ATCC 4259 and treating the parent strain with ethane methane sulfonate. The mutant which has been designated C. acetobutylicum ATCC 55025 is useful in an improved ABE fermentation process, and produces high concentrations of butanol and total solvents. However the fermentation herein includes three stage continous fermentation hereby making the process expensive and time consuming.

"U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,717 provide a method of producing high levels of butanol using a fermentation process that employs a mutant strain of Clostridium beijerinckii. The mutant is a hyperamylolytic strain that is able to produce high titres of butanol in a glucose/starch rich medium. However there is no claim on the solvent tolerance of the strain.

"U.S. Pat. No. 4,757,010 and European patent application EP 00111683 provides an improved strain of Clostridium for increased tolerance to butanol. JP03058782 provides Clostridium pasteurianum CA 101 stock (FERM P-10817) as a mutant of genus Clostridium bacterium having analog resistance to fermented intermediate of butanol and butanol producibility. U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,293 demonstrates the use of co-culture of microorganisms of the Clostridium genus, one favors the production of butyric acid and the other supports the formation of butanol. Japanese patent application J P 63157989 provides production of butanol by culturing a different strain Clostridium pasteurianum var. 1-53 (FERM P-9074) in a liquid medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source and other inorganic salts at 28- 33 deg. C. under slightly acidic pH condition in anaerobic state for 2-4 days.

"U.S. Pat. No. 4,777,135 describes a method of producing butanol by fermentation which comprises culturing under anaerobic conditions a butanol-producing microorganisms in a culture medium containing fluorocarbons. This process is not feasible on a commercial scale as the fluorocarbons are environmentally not safe

"U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,620 provides a process for butanol by using a medium containing carbohydrate and phosphate, wherein the experiments were performed with a total phosphate content of 1.0-0.4 mmoles. This process poses a restriction wherein the phosphate limiting medium is required.

"U.S. Pat. No. 4,560,658 provides a process for the production of butanol by fermentation of carbon containing compounds with C. acetobutylicum wherein the fermentation is conducted in an aqueous medium containing a sufficient concentration of dissolved carbon monoxide. However the use of carbon monoxide makes the process environmentally unsound.

"U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,104 provides a process for the continuous production of butanol by fermentation of carbohydrates with C. acetobutylicum. This process combines continuous inoculum production at a high dilution rate and cycling the fermentation broth through material which adsorbs butanol whereby a vigorous cell population is maintained in the fermentation reactor for extended periods of time. The process is devised to remove the butanol produced in the broth so as to prevent its toxicity on the cells

"Japanese patent JP 62278989 provides a fermentation process for the production of acetone and butanol, by keeping a butanol-producing strain in resting state, adding a carbon source to the cell to effect the production of acetone and butanol in a short time, recovering and concentrating the butanol-producing strain, subjecting to the heat shock and adding to a fermentation tank Heat shock is required in the process.--to activate the spores of Clostridium and is pretty routine.

"Japanese patent application provides an anaerobic cellulolytic germ, e.g. Clostridium cellobioparum ATCC 15832 or Ruminococcus albus ATCC2721 1, and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum are inoculated into a culture medium containing a material containing cellulose, e.g. wood, waste paper or pulp, as a main carbon source, and cultivated at 25-45.degree. C. and 4-9 pH under anaerobic conditions for about 2-20 days to collect the aimed compound, containing oxygen, and consisting essentially of butanol from the resultant culture. This process is time consuming and takes about 20 days for completion, hence not feasible on a large scale.

"Japanese patent 63269988 discloses butanol fermentation wherein yeast is subjected to autodigestion in a fermentation tank and proliferated prior to the inoculation of butanol- producing strain. The space in the fermentation tank becomes anaerobic and the temperature increases by the proliferation of yeast to perform butanol fermentation. An inefficient autodigestion would lead to contamination of the broth by the yeast

"US20050233031 provides a process for producing butanol which includes treating plant derived material to provide an aqueous liquor containing sugars in a fermentation process to produce a fermentation product. The process involves several steps and therefore cumbersome and tedious.

"Japanese Patent JP 200535328801 provides a method for producing butanol in which a culture solution is prepared by using a formulation of the food residue with the Japanese distilled spirit lees and water and butanol fermentation is carried out in the culture solution. The use of Japanese distilled spirit is limited to the production experiments performed in Japan.

"French patent FR2550222 provides a two stage process wherein a first stage of seeding with C. acetobutylicum and a second stage of seeding with yeast which produces ethanol, the second stage being commenced when the pH of the fermentation medium of the first stage has reached a minimum value. The invention applies in particular to the production of butanol, acetone and ethanol from sugar beet and Jerusalem artichoke juices.

"Indian patent application 2544/MUM/2007 provides a process for production of high yields of butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 10132. The process can be completed in a shorter span of time, using batch process through manipulation of various process parameters. The process can also be used for biomass based production of butanol. The process requires commercial media whereas in the present invention acid pretreated feedstock is utilised along with the mutant strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum resulting in higher yields of butanol with enhanced butanol tolerance.

"The commonly employed feedstocks as reported in the literature for biobutanol synthesis are corn (Zea mays), banana stems (Musa sapientum), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), and karanja (Pongamia pinnata) (Liang et al., 2010, Pfromm et al., 2010). However, the use of food crops like corn, sugarcane, etc. will lead to the food v/s fuel situation. In order to avoid this situation, it becomes imperative to explore the potential non-edible feedstocks and their suitability for biobutanol synthesis.

"Among the many feedstocks available for biobutanol production, jatropha and karanja have been found to be most suitable due to their favourable attributes such as hardy nature, short gestation time of about 3 years, productive life of 50-100 years, not browsed by animals, adaptability to varied agro-climatic conditions and soil type, drought resistance and non competing with food crops for land and water sources.

"The present invention provides the use of lignocellulosic biomass like jatropha seed cake and pongamia seed cake which is acid pretreated to disarray the cellulosic structure for extracting maximum reducing sugar. The hydrolysed sugar was used along with AnS medium components for biobutanol production.

"The present invention also provides the use of the cellulose rich biomass i.e. banana stems which is acid pretreated to that release sugar which after hydrolysis produces biobutanol.

"Although, there are reports where microbes have been exploited for the production of butanol by fermentation, there arises the need for an economically viable biosynthetic process for butanol production yet to be developed (Jesse et al, 2002).

Page 52 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. "The drawback associated with butanol production is butanol toxicity/inhibition of the fermenting microorganism, resulting in low butanol titer in the fermentation broth. Economic analysis has suggested that if butanol titers could be raised from 12 to 19 g/L, the separation cost could be cut down to half (Papoutsakis, 2008). Normally, the final titer of butanol in fermentation does not surpass 13 g/L because of feedback inhibition (Jones and Wood, 1986). Beyond this level, butanol is toxic to the bacterial cell and disrupts the membrane fluidity and function (Volherbst-Schneck et al., 1984).

"In order to combat the effect of butanol toxicity, tolerant strains over express certain heat shock proteins (HSPs) like GroEL (Thomas et al., 2003, 2004) and alters its lipid composition by having more saturated fatty acids. This response known as 'homeoviscous adaptation', is believed to offset the physical changes caused by the environment and permits the cell to maintain its membrane at proper viscosity and surface ionic milieu for optimal cellular function (Baer et al., 1987).

"According to the literature (Nishino and Yamaguchi, 2004), rhodamine 6G is P-glycoproteins substrate, mediates the energy-dependent efflux of certain toxic compounds from the bacterial cells. The existence of solvent efflux pumps in the cells can therefore be confirmed by rhodamine 6G accumulation in bacterial cells (Lazaroaie, 2009). The inventors of the present invention have used the above literature reference for assaying the solvent tolerant mutant strain and the wild type strain of C. acetobutylicum used for production of butanol.

"Techniques such as gas stripping have been practiced to overcome the inhibitory effect of butanol produced during fermentation run (Ezeji et al., 2007). However, the process is plagued with inconsistent results and high energy expenditure. In the present invention, the inhibitory effect of butanol was overcome by improving the butanol tolerance of the microbe using chemical mutagenesis.

"To combat the drawbacks of earlier inventions as cited in the prior art there arises the need for a process which yields enhanced production of butanol. In light of this the present invention has been focused on developing an ideal culture condition for the mutant strain of Clostridium which will result in enhanced butanol tolerance and subsequently the increase in yields of butanol."

In addition to obtaining background information on this patent application, VerticalNews editors also obtained the inventors' summary information for this patent application: "In the first embodiment the present invention relates to an efficient process for the production of high yield of butanol using a solvent tolerant mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum from biomass. The present invention in particular aims at providing optimal culture conditions that would result in increased butanol tolerance of the mutant strain of the microorganism. The present

"The. second embodiment relates to the production of high yields of butanol (upto 19 g/L) in a single batch process, without stripping the butanol produced. Here in the process doesn't involve any fed-batch step which would involve extra step of addition of nutrients nor any solvent-stripping is required for reaching this high yield. Unlike many reported processes in the public domain which employ continuous mode of fermentation thereby increasing the chances of contamination, the present invention includes a process that can be completed in a single batch mode. Careful optimization of the medium, acclimatisation and chemical mutagenesis for improvisation has resulted in a mutant strain that is capable of producing and tolerating such high yields of butanol in the broth. Thus, all these parameters make the process of the present invention more cost-effective. Further the inventors have also been able to successfully demonstrate the process at 15 L scale.

"The third embodiment of the present invention provides a process for increased butanol tolerance by chemical mutagenesis of the strain. In one preferred aspect the present invention provides tolerance to about 3.5% butanol concentration under optimized medium; conditions directed to a process for providing the increased yield of butanol as provided in this invention. The most probable reason for its high tolerance to butanol may be that the process optimization has resulted in the final set of physio-chemical, conditions under which the above mentioned limitations are alleviated. For example the redox potential, osmolarity, electron flow may have been altered under the optimized conditions. Certain set of enzymes required for butanol tolerance and production may have been activated or induced under the optimized conditions. The culture may have adapted during the course of the optimization process to high butanol level.

"Fourth embodiment covers the aspect of the present invention to provide a process for evaluation of the biobutanol using various biomass. In one preferred aspect the seed cake from jatropha and pongamia and banana stems were used. The yield of biobutanol using the seed cake and stems pretreated using acid hydrolysis was also studied.

"Last embodiment relates to the present invention providing a process which can be scaled up on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

"The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present disclosure, the inventions of which can be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein.

"It was observed that the wild type strain C. acetobutylicum ATCC 4259 could tolerate up to 1.5% butanol in the medium beyond which there was cessation of growth whereas, the mutant strain C. acetobutylicum MTCC 5587 (B90) could tolerate up to 3.5% (v/v) butanol in the AT medium. The growth at these levels of butanol was extremely slow and feeble due to the toxicity of the solvent. At higher concentrations i.e. 3.8% and 4%, there was no growth.

"FIG. 2 Comparison of the fatty acid profile of wild type (A) and mutant strain (B)

"The total lipids of the wild type and the solvent tolerant mutant strain were extracted and analysed by GC. The lipid composition of the mutant, C. acetobutylicum MTCC 5587 was found to be altered as compared to the wild type strain. The GC profile (FIG. 2B) showed the presence of the saturated fatty acids, viz. myristic (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) comprising about 50% of total fatty acids in the solvent tolerant strain with only traces of unsaturated fatty acids. Whereas, in the wild type, the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (C18:1) was abundant constituting about 75% of total fatty acids and the saturated fatty acids were in significantly lower quantities (11% of C16:0) (FIG. 2A).

"FIG. 3 Rhodamine G accumulation in wild type (A) and solvent tolerant mutant of C acetobutylicum (B).

"While studying it was seeing that after 24 h incubation on a plate containing the toxic dye Rhodamine 6G, the mutant strain was found to have high accumulation of rhodamine 6G intracellulariy appearing as pink colony (FIG. 3). Whereas the colony of the wild type strain was a faint pink with comparatively lower dye accumulation. This indicates the existence of tolerance mechanism to toxic compounds such as butanol in the mutant strain.

"FIG. 4 HPLC chromatograms of std butanol (A) and the fermented broth (B).

"The process was further scaled up to 15 L level in a 20 L bioreactor using 7% (w/v) jatropha seed cake and 2% glucose. A butanol titre of 18.6 g/L was achieved in 72 h

"FIG. 5 Profile of scale up of butanol production from jatropha seed cake hydrolysate.

"The initial sugar was 44 g/L and the final sugar was 4 g/L (FIG. 5). The typical butterfly shift could be observed when the acidogenic phase declined and solventogenic phase commenced."

Page 55 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information, see this patent application: Rangaswamy, Vidhya; Isar, Jasmine; Joshi, Harshvardhan. Butanol Fermentation Using Acid Pretreated Biomass. Filed August 1, 2012 and posted July 3, 2014. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=3083&p=62&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20140626.PD.&OS=PD/20140626&RS=PD /20140626

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Japan, Acetone, Alcohols, Chemicals, Chemistry, Legal Issues, Ethanolamines, Ketone Bodies, Carbon Monoxide, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Reliance Industries Limited, Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods, Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria.

AN Document CHWKNW0020140711ea7f000f2

WC 336 words

PD 7 July 2014

ET 06:00 GMT

SN Regulatory News Service

SC RNS

LA English

LP TIDMLEG

RNS Number : 5378L

TD Legendary Investments PLC

07 July 2014

7 July 2014

Legendary Investments Plc

("Legendary" or the "Company")

Bosques Energeticos EBE S.A. de C.V. ("Bosques") successfully cultivates G4J jatropha on expanded plantation

On 6 November 2013, the Company announced that Bosques had developed early and high yielding G4J jatropha. The G4J jatropha commences yielding seeds in as early as six months and has high yields. In addition, unlike normal jatropha, G4J jatropha is non-toxic.

Since then, Bosques has secured an additional 7 ha of land in the State of Morelos, which neighbours Puebla to the West (the location of the initial 11 ha plantation). The land in Morelos is being used exclusively to grow G4J jatropha. There are currently 8,000 G4J jatropha plants growing on the land.

Page 57 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. This development further demonstrates that Bosques is able to take plants developed in one area and conditions and successfully cultivate them elsewhere.

Bosques now has 18 ha under cultivation with 16,000 pongamia of which 300 are GP2 pongamia, 28,000 jatropha of which 14,000 are G4J jatropha and 3,000 castor.

- Ends-

For further information, please contact:

About Legendary Investments Plc

For more information, visit www.leginvest.com

This information is provided by RNS

The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

END

MSCZZLFBZDFFBBB [ 07-07-14 0600GMT ]

CO lgendi : Legendary Investments PLC

IN ifinal : Financial Services | iinv : Investing/Securities

NS cgvfil : Government Filings | npress : Press Releases | ccat : Corporate/Industrial News | ncat : Content Types

PUB The London Stock Exchange

AN Document RNS0000020140707ea7700024

WC 626 words

PD 4 July 2014

SN Energy Monitor Worldwide

SC ENRGYMEN

LA English

LP A new hydrogen gas technology invented by Scientist Michael Thomas who has filed the first patent teaching the art will be available to the world free of cost. When CO2 is pumped into seawater feed stock acidification of seawater begins under the reaction

More Headlines

TD Second Government Agency Confirms Canada's Decline in Renewable Energy

SolarMax delivers Swiss inverters for Qatar Solar Energy

Shipments of Advanced Battery Cells Reached 6.7 Billion in 2013, According to Navigant Research

EDF Renewable Energy Signs Power Purchase Agreement with Great Plains Energy for 150- MW Slate Creek Wind Project

PSEG Solar Source to acquire 13 MW Texas Solar Project from juwi

eMagazine Articles

Economic Feasibility of Sustainable Non-Food Feedstock Pongamia Pinnata Based Biodiesel Production

DIY Projects for Alternative Energy Savings

SolarCity: How the Silveo Acquisition Fits In to the Big Picture

Large Scale Energy Storage

CO2 (aq) + H2O H2CO3 HCO3− + H+ CO32− + 2 H+.

The present invention is a unique dissociation and ionization chemistry technology that will allow hydrogen gas production from seawater in high volumes at low costs anywhere in the world. The US Department of Energy's target goal of $ 4 a Kg will be more costly than the $ .30 Kg targeted by this invention.

The patent application describes how seawater acidification can be used in today's world of global carbon emissions to produce hydrogen gas from seawater with little energy. The improved chemical composition of the returning seawater will be favorable to marine sea life habitats. The CO2 used in the process will come from automobiles, trucks, planes, trains, ships, commercial CO2 producers, power plants, and countries wanting to improve their carbon emissions footprint.

Seawater is a worldwide FREE feedstock material unregulated, taxed or controlled byany country in the world. Ongoing experiments and data collection will allow extraction of the highest quality method for production of hydrogen gas from seawater. The expectation of making basic discoveries that can solve ocean chemistry problems while improving conditions of all ocean aquatic life environments of the world will be a goal.

The benefit of this unique nanotechnology to the WORLD is energy independence, potential forstable food supplies, protection of the world's oceans, political stability, and world security. Theseawater acidification process now destroying the world's inlets, bays, and oceans can be reversed by the development of a methodology that can deliver substantial quantities of low cost renewable hydrogen from seawater, brine or brackish water is expected.

This will greatly add to the financial stability of the WORLD and decrease dependence on drilling, oil pipe lines, expensive geopolitical refineries, toxic waste, and environmental disasters in the World's thirst for hydrocarbon fuels. The WORLD as a whole will benefit because seawater, as an energy resource, exists in abundance and is an underutilized feedstock resource by the World.

Hydrogen for fuel usage will help to reduce carbon emissions and increase higher quality energy generation. Controlling energy cost forever using an infinite renewable seawater feedstock source can put the world on a track to a healthier future.

Page 61 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The technology is focused on real low cost on-site production of hydrogen gas that can compete with other worldwide energy sources in the market place, which will lead to tangible, disruptive, and cleaner renewable hydrogen energy products.

The process of producing hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, thru acidification of seawater will keep our oceans aquatic life from becoming extinct while helping to re-vitalize the already damaged marine environment.

Its time energy is produced that makes people's lives better with the planet and oceans giving mankind what it needs, hope for the future.

PUB Global Data Point Ltd.

AN Document ENRGYMEN20140704ea74000f4

HD NIE-CREST TO EXHIBIT ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SYSTEMS AT MYGREEN- 2014

WC 184 words

PD 27 June 2014

SN The Star of Mysore (India)

SC SMYSIN

LA English

LP Mysore, June 27 -- NIE-CREST, a centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technologies in city will be displaying the technologies for various energy saving concepts at the three-day Mygreen- 2014 expo to be inaugurated this evening at the Mysore Builders' Charitable Trust premises on Sterling Theatre Road in city.

Technologies that will be displayed are: Waste to Wealth Systems (Kitchen Waste Biogas Plants), Biodiesel from non edible seeds like Pongamia (Honge), Mahua and Jatropha, Solar Energy Technologies (Parabolic concentrators, Solar Box type cooker), Sustainable building materials (Stabilised Mud Blocks and Alternative building materials), Biomass based energy systems- Astra-ole (fuel efficient biomass chullas), Water conservation technologies like Rainwater harvesting systems and Tippy tap systems, Muscle powered water pumps, Charcoal cookers, Muscle powered flour mill and more.

TD An Organic Food mela will also be held in the evenings on all three days.

Published by HT Syndication with permission from Star of Mysore.

CT For any query with respect to this article or any other content requirement, please contact Editor at [email protected] IN ibuildpr : Building Materials/Products | icre : Real Estate/Construction

AN Document SMYSIN0020140627ea6r00008

SE TOP NEWS

HD Healthy solution to your waste woes

BY Y Maheswara Reddy

WC 374 words

PD 27 June 2014

SN DNA - Daily News & Analysis

SC DNADAI

LA English

LP Bangalore: If the success of Ravi Koushik is anything to go by, one needs only a bit of determination and a small space to start a healthy initiative out of waste and also reduce the burden on the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) that has been struggling to mitigate garbage woes in the city.

Ravi Koushik, a software engineer by profession, has been segregating waste at source and converting it into compost. He converted a small place in his apartment garden in Malleswaram for this. He built two enclosures for depositing leaf litter collected throu-ghout the year from neighbours and streets to make compost. "It is called leaf mold compost. To ensure this, a pit has to be dug up and filled with coconut litter with an enclosure of coconut fronds. Within six months, compost can be generated from the leaves deposited in the enclosure. The compost is very good for green seedlings,'' he said.

TD He has been utilising the second pit in the garden for depositing flowers of Pongamia (Honge) available in February and March. "These flowers are very good for making compost,'' he said.

The specialty of Koushik's garden is that there is no bad odour despite the composting and a pleasant garden full of greenery. He has introduced misters for watering the garden. "It cleans dust from leaves thus ensuring healthy growth of plants and also equal distribution of water. It also ensures humidity in the garden. With this, the temperature at our apartment complex is 5 degree Celsius below the normal temperature in other parts of Bangalore,'' he explained.

He uses khamba method to turn kitchen waste into compost. It requires one khamba and untreated sawdust. Sawdust is added on top of every layer of waste to add required carbonaceous part. Earthworms have to be put into the khamba. "Using sawdust prevents bad odours. I put cooked food, vegetable waste from cutting board except onion and garlic in the khamba to feed the earthworms,'' he said.

He said this can be practiced by any urbanite not only to improve his/her family's health but also contribute in managing the waste problem.

[email protected]

NS genv : Environmental News | glife : Living/Lifestyle | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document DNADAI0020140627ea6r0002n

WC 435 words

PD 20 June 2014

SN Energy Weekly News

SC ENRGWK

PG 408

LA English

LP 2014 JUN 20 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Energy Weekly News -- New research on Energy Research is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Kolkata, India, by VerticalNews editors, research stated, "The experimental work presents a comparative study of performance and emission using Pongamia pinnata methyl ester (PPME) and Diesel as pilot fuel in a Cl (compression ignition) engine with compressed natural gas (CNG) as the primary fuel. The results show that PPME CNG dual fuel operation is more effective than Diesel CNG dual fuel operation in improving the performance and emission characteristics of the engine."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Jadavpur University, "CNG is found to share higher quantity of input energy with PPME pilot operation than pilot Diesel operation. Low amount of CNG injection also increases the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. PPME CNG operations with low amount of CNG injections are also more instrumental in reducing CO (carbon monoxide) emission and smoke opacity than Diesel CNG operations. NO emission from the engine is found to increase a bit for PPME CNG operations in comparison to Diesel CNG operation. PPME CNG operation is also more effective in reducing hydrocarbon emission than Diesel CNG operations. The study also shows that CNG injected at 100 ATDC (after top dead center) for a duration of about 4500 mu s with PPME as pilot fuel can produce better performance and emission signatures than Diesel CNG operation."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The tradeoff study also consolidates the fact that PPME CNG dual fuel operation is instrumental in resolving the high performance low emission paradox."

For more information on this research see: Effect of compressed natural gas dual fuel operation with diesel and Pongamia pinnata methyl ester (PPME) as pilot fuels on

Page 67 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. performance and emission characteristics of a CI (compression ignition) engine. Energy, 2014;68():495-509. Energy can be contacted at: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Energy - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/483)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting A. Paul, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India. Additional authors for this research include R.S. Panua, D. Debroy and P.K. Bose.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Kolkata, Oil & Gas, Natural Gas, Energy Research, Clinical Trials and Studies

IN i1 : Energy

NS ccat : Corporate/Industrial News

AN Document ENRGWK0020140613ea6k000ax

SE ANDHRA PRADESH

HD ‘Human greed is a threat to environment’

BY Staff Reporter

WC 429 words

PD 17 June 2014

SN The Hindu

SC THINDU

LA English

LP Tirupati,ANDHRA PRADESH World Day to Combat Desertification is observed today Drought, (land) Degradation and Desertification are the three ominous Ds that stare at humanity today.

Agreed human greed is the cause of most ills plaguing the environment today and the way out is a sincere attempt to ensure rich green terrain. As the world observes ‘World Day to Combat Desertification’ on June 17, man should practice the motto “Live and let live” to let plants and animals enjoy their legitimate right over nature.

TD With Anantapur in Rayalaseema declared the second district in India that faces imminent desertification, a note of panic and caution is palpable among the denizens and policymakers. Even Srikalahasti-Thottambedu belt of Chittoor district has thousands of acres of degraded land.

Open surface channels carrying drainage water from residential areas cause mosquito menace. By creating soak pits to drain down the water, one can circumvent the menace and as well ensure groundwater recharge. “Not even a single village in Anantapur, leave alone the other districts, has this facility”, says K. Srinivasa Reddy, who retired as principal scientist (dryland agriculture) at Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University.

Recalling the ‘common sense’ behind construction of numerous tanks by Sri Krishna

Page 69 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Devaraya all over the region, Prof. Reddy saw the pertinent need to restore on a war-footing such bodies that are dilapidated, defunct or encroached upon. “Bukkaraya Samudram tank adjacent to Devarakonda is a classic example of abuse. The feeder channels are closed following rampant encroachments, which brings to light the failure of the officials concerned”, says Prof. Reddy.

Denudation of forest leads to disappearance of wildlife, as the animals start invading residential and cropped areas of villages, when they are deprived of water, food and shelter. Plantation of robust and hardy forest trees, with built-in support system of soil and water, is required to green the bald hilly terrains. “One-third of the total land area should be greened to offset the adverse climatic aberrations”, observes Prof. Reddy, who is also the President of The Intellectual Forum, Tirupati.

Similarly, “bio-fencing” is the answer to arrest erosion of top fertile soil due to high velocity winds. Plantation of bamboo, tamarind, neem, jamun, eucalyptus and pongamia can prevent uprooting of trees and premature fall of fruits. The Government can also think of developing biogas plants as an alternative to the strained LPG industry.

Man should practise live and let live policy

‘One-third of total land area should be greened to offset adverse climatic aberrations’

NS gdese : Desertification | gcat : Political/General News | genv : Environmental News

AN Document THINDU0020140617ea6h0000u

SE FT WEEKEND SUPPLEMENT - HOUSE & HOME

HD Plough ahead

BY By Jonathan Foyle and Kate Allen

WC 1,313 words

PD 14 June 2014

SN Financial Times

SC FTFT

ED Surveys RES1

PG 01

LA English

LP How best to cultivate the future. By Jonathan Foyle and Kate Allen

By the end of this century, there will be more than 10bn people to feed. Surely, a finite planet has only so much land for food production, and the laws of supply and demand dictate that the value of fertile fields will rise. Yet political instability in Africa and Asia, extreme weather and rising global fuel costs create uncertainty that is anathema for investors. So where is the smart money in agricultural land being sown?

TD Christophe Pelletier, author of Future Harvests: The Next Agricultural Revolution (2010), says that "strategically, the Chinese have been very clever. They want food security for a large population, so about 20 years ago they started to buy not just land in Africa but encouraged [Chinese nationals to set up] small businesses there [to ensure] economic stability, and they didn't interfere with local politics. The last thing they want is a revolution and their farms being burnt down. So their interest is in a long-term 'win-win' situation for the land and the people living on it".

Keeping people on the land is a tough act, for there are few bucks in the boondocks. Two-

Page 71 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. thirds of the world's hungry people are small farmers, which means agricultural settlements are often abandoned for the promise of urban amenities and employment. More than half the world's population now lives in cities and by 2049 that figure is projected to be about 65 per cent, which was the percentage of country dwellers in 1961.

This migration is having a big effect on the future of traditionally farmed land - the curated landscapes that contribute to our cultural identity. The 600-year-old Cordilleras landscape in the Philippines consists of vast cascades of wet terraces for growing rice - an evening-lit paradise to adorn tourism posters. However, the terraces are starting to fall down their hillsides for want of maintenance. In Uganda the reed farmers have upped sticks, and nobody is left to grow the crops needed to build and maintain the thatched Wamala kings' tombs, each a cone of bounded-reed ring beams propped on columns and like nothing else on earth.

Do we depend on communities to stay on farmed land for food security? In the 50 years since 1961 the world's agricultural area rose from 4.47bn acres to more than 4.9bn, but that figure has plateaued for 20 years. A more pressing issue is that only about 320m acres of it - one- 15th of the total - is currently irrigated. From all that land, we already produce enough food to feed 9bn people, but an estimated 40 per cent of it is lost in the production chain: in the field, roadsides, in factories and in bins. Pelletier puts the value of this waste at $900bn. Clearly, there is room for efficiency. And that has less to do with land purchasing and more with investments in farming like sustainable irrigation systems and the adoption of military-led technology in drone surveillance and remote soil monitoring. Energyintensive nitrate fertilisers can require two calories of embedded energy to grow every one calorie of food. And up to 40 per cent of those nitrates are washed out of the soil. The clever money is on identifying exactly where the fertiliser is needed.

Many frown upon the modern dependence on artificial soil enrichment. Nitrogen gained through clover, crop rotation and "organic" fertilisers creates an ethical premium. This locally- rooted farming might seem a strong investment with a powerful message to consumers, regardless of its relative nutritional value. Yet it is not so clear-cut. "The last thing people need is to be preached at, or talked down to," says Steve Sando of Rancho Gordo in Napa, California.

Sando founded his bean empire just over a decade ago when he tired of a career dependent on satisfying employers. "I was 40 and felt I needed to grow for pleasure. Also, to find a crop that spoke broadly about the American people. So I bought two-and-a-half acres in Napa for $500,000, and learned to produce beans." Pulses are among the world's cheapest foods, and Sando thought the US market was "back-assward" in attempting to rival low-cost competitors through huge subsidies, with the reward of anaemic flavour. It was an awkward business case but he never had to borrow money for Rancho Gordo to pioneer the bean revival in this corner

You would think that selling them would be easy. Many heirloom beans sound like pantomime characters: Good Mother Stallard jostles with Vaquero, and Jack might reasonably have swapped the family cow for their fairytale stripes, spots and pastel shades. Yet at local farmers' markets, sales were slow at $6 a pound. "Young people couldn't believe you can get a complete protein that cheap - much less than meat. But elderly people recalled eating lacklustre beans as a fallback in the Great Depression," says Sando. The breakthrough came when French Laundry chef Thomas Keller stopped by and heralded Rancho Gordo as saviours of the savoury: without Sando's vision, many delicious bean varieties would have remained unknown and possibly become extinct.

Perhaps counter-intuition is the new norm in boutique food production. We are what we eat, if you swallow that line, and cultures are in some measure defined by their cuisine. So the smart money is in "terroirism" - the food that offers a sense of belonging and the opportunity to discover a story.

The environmental ethics implicitly follow. Poet and farmer Wendell Berry says that "farmers produce valuable goods, of course; but they also conserve soil, they conserve water, they conserve wildlife, they conserve open space, they conserve scenery". And many people want to witness that conservation in action.

Polyface Farm in Virginia, US, has become a destination of back-tobasics, anti-mass farming righteousness. Yet it is quite a dull afternoon out - some gambolling piglets are the highlight. And that is the point: they are gambolling and not bound by iron clamps. Thus reassured, you can buy slices of their relatives in the farm shop.

Yet old values must meet the future of changing climate. Many farmers are responding to change with informed choices. Thirty years ago, the Champagne region had the average temperature southern England now experiences, and vineyards like Shawsgate in Suffolk and Camel Valley in Cornwall are today producing excellent wines.

Christophe Pelletier says in India, barren, dry exmining land is being planted with hardy pongamia trees in order to harvest their oil. Cattle owners are urged to give their cows the rich feed cake taken from the husks after pressing and the cows' manure then replenishes the soil.

Page 73 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. see it this way: grow vegetables locally, where they're freshest; milk and livestock is a regional thing, wherever grazing, processing and distribution are best; and grain should grow wherever in the world plains can support it," he says.

Sando sounds like a happy man. Masanobu Fukuoka, the Japanese farmer and philosopher, held that "the ultimate goal of farming is not the growing of crops, but the cultivation and perfection of human beings". And stepping up to the plate with a smart investment in agriculture sometimes reaps the most satisfying of rewards.

Jonathan Foyle is chief executive of World Monuments Fund Britain and Kate Allen is the FT's property correspondent

IPD Agricultural Issues | Company News | General News | Production | Small Business

PUB The Financial Times Limited (AAIW/EIW)

AN Document FTFT000020140614ea6e0003g

HD Global land prices and the future of farming

BY By Jonathan Foyle and Kate Allen

WC 1,326 words

PD 13 June 2014

ET 15:08 GMT

SN Financial Times (FT.Com)

SC FTCOM

LA English

LP By the end of this century, there will be more than 10bn people to feed. Surely, a finite planet has only so much land for food production, and the laws of supply and demand dictate that the value of fertile fields will rise. Yet political instability in Africa and Asia, extreme weather and rising global fuel costs create uncertainty that is anathema for investors. So where is the smart money in agricultural land being sown?

Keeping people on the land is a tough act, for there are few bucks in the boondocks. Two- thirds of the world's hungry people are small farmers, which means agricultural settlements are often abandoned for the promise of urban amenities and employment. More than half the world's population now lives in cities and by 2049 that figure is projected to be about 65 per cent, which was the percentage of country dwellers in 1961.

Page 75 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. This migration is having a big effect on the future of traditionally farmed land - the curated landscapes that contribute to our cultural identity. The 600-year-old Cordilleras landscape in the Philippines consists of vast cascades of wet terraces for growing rice - an evening-lit paradise to adorn tourism posters. However, the terraces are starting to fall down their hillsides for want of maintenance. In Uganda the reed farmers have upped sticks, and nobody is left to grow the crops needed to build and maintain the thatched Wamala kings' tombs, each a cone of bounded-reed ring beams propped on columns and like nothing else on earth.

Do we depend on communities to stay on farmed land for food security? In the 50 years since 1961 the world's agricultural area rose from 4.47bn acres to more than 4.9bn, but that figure has plateaued for 20 years. A more pressing issue is that only about 320m acres of it - one- 15th of the total - is currently irrigated. From all that land, we already produce enough food to feed 9bn people, but an estimated 40 per cent of it is lost in the production chain: in the field, roadsides, in factories and in bins. Pelletier puts the value of this waste at $900bn. Clearly, there is room for efficiency. And that has less to do with land purchasing and more with investments in farming like sustainable irrigation systems and the adoption of military-led technology in drone surveillance and remote soil monitoring. Energy-intensive nitrate fertilisers can require two calories of embedded energy to grow every one calorie of food. And up to 40 per cent of those nitrates are washed out of the soil. The clever money is on identifying exactly where the fertiliser is needed.

You would think that selling them would be easy. Many heirloom beans sound like pantomime characters: Good Mother Stallard jostles with Vaquero, and Jack might reasonably have

Page 76 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. swapped the family cow for their fairytale stripes, spots and pastel shades. Yet at local farmers' markets, sales were slow at $6 a pound. "Young people couldn't believe you can get a complete protein that cheap - much less than meat. But elderly people recalled eating lacklustre beans as a fallback in the Great Depression," says Sando. The breakthrough came when French Laundry chef Thomas Keller stopped by and heralded Rancho Gordo as saviours of the savoury: without Sando's vision, many delicious bean varieties would have remained unknown and possibly become extinct.

Polyface Farm in Virginia, US, has become a destination of back-to-basics, anti-mass farming righteousness. Yet it is quite a dull afternoon out - some gambolling piglets are the highlight. And that is the point: they are gambolling and not bound by iron clamps. Thus reassured, you can buy slices of their relatives in the farm shop.

The tabular content relating to this article is not available to view. Apologies in advance for the inconvenience caused.

<>Yet old values must meet the future of changing climate. Many farmers are responding to change with informed choices. Thirty years ago, the Champagne region had the average temperature southern England now experiences, and vineyards like Shawsgate in Suffolk and Camel Valley in Cornwall are today producing excellent wines.

Christophe Pelletier says in India, barren, dry ex-mining land is being planted with hardy pongamia trees in order to harvest their oil. Cattle owners are urged to give their cows the rich feed cake taken from the husks after pressing and the cows' manure then replenishes the soil.

After recalling the crushing experience of eating a hydroponically-grown Dutch tomato inexplicably imported into California, Steve Sando chews over whether he is a cheerleader for an increasingly localised food production. "Not really. I'm not one to dictate, but personally I see it this way: grow vegetables locally, where they're freshest; milk and livestock is a regional thing, wherever grazing, processing and distribution are best; and grain should grow wherever

Main image: AWL

Jonathan Foyle is chief executive of World Monuments Fund Britain and Kate Allen is the FT's property correspondent

IN i0 : Agriculture

AN Document FTCOM00020140613ea6d002pj

WC 343 words

PD 12 June 2014

SN Agriculture Week

SC AGRWEK

PG 63

LA English

LP 2014 JUN 12 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- Research findings on Forestry are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating in Bangalore, India, by VerticalNews journalists, research stated, "Pongamia pinnata is an important indigenous nitrogen fixing evergreen tree and is recognised as a viable source of oil for the growing biofuel industry. The source of its oil is mainly dependent on naturally growing trees and young plantations."

TD The news reporters obtained a quote from the research, "Most of the naturally growing or planted P. pinnata trees suffer damage due to the flower gall inducer, Asp hondylia pongamiae, as infestation directly affects the production of seeds. Detailed studies were conducted from 2007 till 2009 to identify the natural parasitoids of A. pongamiae. The study revealed the occurrence of four species of hymenopteran parasitoids, namely, Eurytoma dentata, Megastigmus albizziae, Neanastatus proximus and Ormyrus kama. The presence of all these parasitoids on A. pongamiae formed first records. Among these parasitoids maximum parasitisation was by E. dendata followed by M. albizziae, N. proximus and O. kama."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "Combined parasitisation, amounting to 37.56% in 2008-2009 and 44.54% in 2007-2008 was observed indicating that these parasitoids played significant role in keeping the population of A. pongamiae under control."

For more information on this research see: Parasitoids Of Asphondylia Pongamiae (diptera: Cecidomyhdae), The Flower Gall Inducer Of Pongamia Pinnata And Their Roles In Biological Control. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2014;26(2):173-177. Journal of Tropical Forest Science can be contacted at: Forest Research Inst Malaysia, Publication Unit, Kepong, Kuala

Our news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained by contacting R. Devaraj, Inst Wood Sci & Technol, Wood Biodegradat Div, Bangalore 560003, Karnataka, India.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Forestry, Bangalore

IN i02 : Forestry/Logging | i0 : Agriculture

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document AGRWEK0020140606ea6c0001l

HD CSIR Receives Patent for an Improved Process for the Preparation of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils Containing High FFA CR Distributed by Contify.com

WC 348 words

PD 11 June 2014

SN Indian Patent News

SC ATPATN

LA English

LP New Delhi, June 11 -- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) received Patent for an improved process for the preparation of biodiesel from vegetable oils containing high FFA on May 31, 2012. The patent number issued by the Indian Patent Office is 252812.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) had filed patent application number 2118/DEL/2007 on Oct. 9, 2007. The inventors of the patent are Rao Kasturi Venkata Sesha Adinarayana, Saravanan Krishnasamy and Vijayalakshmi Penumarthy.

TD The International classification numbers are C10L1/02 and C11C3/10.

According to the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks, "The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of biodiesel from crude vegetable oils especially Jatropha {Jatropha curcas) and Karanja {Pongamia pinnata). In the preset invention the bio-active constituents, fatty acids and polar materials are selectively removed from the crude oils by liquid-liquid extraction with a polar solvent into the solvent phase in a nondestructive manner in specially designed equipment either in a batch mode or continuous mode and the oil left as residue is amenable for direct transesterification. After transesterification, the glycerol phase is separated and the crude biodiesel is neutralized, purified by adsorption of undesirable constituents like the residual glycerol, gums, soap, salts etc over a bed of adsorbent like Celite thereby circumventing the conventional water washing step. An alternative to the adsorbent method, the crude ester obtained after transesterification is purified using partition with aqueous solvent to biodiesel which meets the International specifications."

About the Applicant

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) established in 1942, is an autonomous body and India's largest Research and Development (R&D;) organization, with 39 laboratories and 50 field stations or extension centers spread across the nation, with a collective staff of over 17,000. Although CSIR is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860.

CO clfdqp : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

AN Document ATPATN0020140611ea6b0004d

WC 355 words

PD 11 June 2014

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 73

LA English

LP 2014 JUN 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Current study results on Proteins have been published. According to news originating from Gauhati, India, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "A new full length cDNA clone encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) was isolated from seeds of Pongamia pinnata, an oil yielding legume plant. The cDNA clone (PpSAD) contained a single open reading frame of 1182-bp coding for 393 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 45.04 kDa, and shares similarity with SAD from other plants."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Indian Institute of Technology, "Characteristics of the deduced protein were predicted and analyzed using molecular homology modeling; its three dimensional structure strongly resembled the crystal structure of Ricinus communis (RcSAD). Southern blot analysis indicated that 'sad' is a multiple copy gene and was a member of a small gene family. Expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the gene showed marked distinct expression during different stages of seed developments."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The results of the expression analysis in this study, combined with existing research, suggest that 'sad' gene may be involved in the regulation of plant seed growth and development."

For more information on this research see: Characterization of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene from potential biofuel plant, Pongamia pinnata L. Gene, 2014;542(2):113- 121. Gene can be contacted at: Elsevier Science Bv, PO Box 211, 1000 Ae Amsterdam, Netherlands. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Gene - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/506033)

Page 83 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from A.M.L. Ramesh, Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Dept. of Biotechnol, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India. Additional authors for this research include V. Kesari and L. Rangan.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, India, Energy, Gauhati, Biofuel, Oil and Gas, Bioengineering, Acyl Carrier Protein

NS gbiot : Biotechnology | gcat : Political/General News | gsci : Sciences/Technologies

AN Document BIWK000020140606ea6b0000j

HD Benefits of Ayurveda’s Healthy Sixteen

WC 503 words

PD 8 June 2014

SN New Indian Express

SC NIEXPR

LA English

LP Benefits of Ayurveda’s Healthy Sixteen

Sheela Rani Chunkath

TD In an earlier column I had promised to write about Varanadi Kashayam. The kashayam which is made from soaking the following herbs overnight and then reducing the liquid the next morning is written about in the Ashtanga Hrdyam. It is useful in the treatment of obesity, rheumatic complaints, headaches, abdominal ulcers and internal bleeding. Since many patients felt that making the kashayam was somewhat tedious as they had to source 16 ingredients, the vaidyars have made a tablet out of it called Varanadi Kashayam tablets. The 16 ingredients are as follows: Crataeva religiosa (Varuna) Strobilanthes ciliatus (Sairyaka) Asparagus racemosus (Satavari) Plumbago zeylanica (Dahana) Chenomorpha fragrans (Morata) Aegle marmelos (Vilwa) Aristolochia bracteata (Vishanika) Solanum melongena (Brihati) Aerva lanata (Bhadra) Pongamia glabra (Karanja) Holoptelia integrifolia (Pootikaranja) Premna corymbosa (Jaya) Terminalia chebula (Pathya) Moringa oleifera (Bahalapallava) Desmostachya bipinnata (Darbha) Semicarpus anacardium (Rujakara) Moringa oleifera is the popular drumstick, Asparagus racemosus is thanneer vittan kizhangu (Tamil), Aegle marmelos or vilwa is the tree found in Shiva temples, Pongamia glabra is the pongam tree, Terminalia chebula is one of the three ingredients in Triphalanamely Kadukkai (Tamil). All these ingredients are capable of reducing the adipose tissue.

Plumbago zeylanica is something I have written about earlier. It is called Chitrack (Hindi) or white leadwort. Solanum indicum one of the dasamula roots is known as brhati. Aerva lanata or sirupilai, the wonder plant can break kidney stones. Semicarpus anacardium called marking nut which if not processed properly will make you itch like mad. Since it is an

Page 85 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. effective herb, vaidyars often use it after processing it properly. Premna corymbosa is one of the trees of the Dasamulam group and is called Munnai. Crataeva religiosa called the sacred garlic pear is not such a common herb. Strobilanthes ciliatus is probably cherukurinji, which grows abundantly in the Nilgiris. Chenomorpha fragrans is a spectacular flowering vine.

Called the climbing frangipani, it has a beautiful fragrance too. Aristolochia bracteata called Isvaramuli has been described in detail by Siddhars and is also called Adutheendpallai. Holoptelia integrifolia called Aya in Tamil is not one of the more commonly used herbs. Desmostachya bipinnata is darbha grass and is said to be a grass mentioned in the Rig Veda. It is also known as kusha grass. Some drops of the amrta which was produced when churning the ocean is supposed to have fallen on the grass giving it healing properties. So it is no wonder that a kashayam made with herbals both potent and magical works so effectively in reducing obesity and curing headaches etc. The Varanadi Kashayam tablets are popular as they are easy to consume. The dosage is two tablets two times a day on empty stomach. Since this is a preparation for losing weight it should be used only after consulting a vaidyar who will decide whether you need a nourishing course of treatment or a depleting one. Losing weight has to be done carefully without harming the immune system.

AN Document NIEXPR0020140608ea680005t

HD Benefits of Ayurveda’s Healthy Sixteen

BY Sheela Rani Chunkath Earlier articles can be accessed at www.arogyamantra.blogspot.com WC 528 words

PD 8 June 2014

SN The Sunday Standard

SC SUNSAN

LA English

LP In an earlier column I had promised to write aboutVaranadi Kashayam. Thekashayamwhich is made from soaking the following herbs overnight and then reducing the liquid the next morning is written about in theAshtanga Hrdyam. It is useful in the treatment of obesity, rheumatic complaints, headaches, abdominal ulcers and internal bleeding. Since many patients felt that making the kashayam was somewhat tedious as they had to source 16 ingredients, the vaidyars have made a tablet out of it called Varanadi Kashayam tablets. The 16 ingredients are as follows:

● Crataeva religiosa (Varuna)

TD ● Strobilanthes ciliatus (Sairyaka)

● Asparagus racemosus (Satavari)

● Plumbago zeylanica (Dahana)

● Chenomorpha fragrans (Morata)

● Aegle marmelos (Vilwa)

● Aristolochia bracteata (Vishanika)

● Solanum melongena (Brihati)

● Aerva lanata (Bhadra)

● Pongamia glabra (Karanja)

● Holoptelia integrifolia (Pootikaranja)

● Premna corymbosa (Jaya)

● Terminalia chebula (Pathya)

● Moringa oleifera (Bahalapallava)

● Desmostachya bipinnata (Darbha)

● Semicarpus anacardium (Rujakara)

Moringa oleifera is the popular drumstick, Asparagus racemosus is thanneer vittan kizhangu (Tamil), Aegle marmelos or vilwa is the tree found in Shiva temples, Pongamia glabra is the pongam tree, Terminalia chebula is one of the three ingredients in Triphalanamely Kadukkai (Tamil). All these ingredients are capable of reducing the adipose tissue. Plumbago zeylanica is something I have written about earlier. It is called Chitrack (Hindi) or white leadwort. Solanum indicum one of the dasamula roots is known as brhati. Aerva lanata or sirupilai, the wonder plant can break kidney stones. Semicarpus anacardium called marking nut which if not processed properly will make you itch like mad. Since it is an effective herb, vaidyars often use it after processing it properly. Premna corymbosa is one of the trees of the Dasamulam group and is called Munnai. Crataeva religiosa called the sacred garlic pear is not such a common herb. Strobilanthes ciliatus is probably cherukurinji, which grows abundantly in the Nilgiris. Chenomorpha fragrans is a spectacular flowering vine. Called the climbing frangipani, it has a beautiful fragrance too. Aristolochia bracteatacalled Isvaramulihas been described in detail by Siddhars and is also called Adutheendpallai.Holoptelia integrifoliacalled Aya in Tamil is not one of the more commonly used herbs.Desmostachya bipinnatais darbha grass and is said to be a grass mentioned in the Rig Veda. It is also known as kusha grass. Some drops of the amrta which was produced when churning the ocean is supposed to have fallen on the grass giving it healing properties.

So it is no wonder that a kashayam made with herbals both potent and magical works so effectively in reducing obesity and curing headaches etc. TheVaranadi Kashayamtablets are popular as they are easy to consume. The dosage is two tablets two times a day on empty stomach. Since this is a preparation for losing weight it should be used only after consulting

Page 88 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. avaidyarwho will decides whether you need a nourishing course of treatment or a depleting one. Losing weight has to be done carefully without harming the immune system.

The writer was earlier Health Secretary, Tamil Nadu, and is currently Additional Chief Secretary, and Chairman and MD, Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Development Corporation. She can be reached at [email protected].

AN Document SUNSAN0020140608ea6800011

PD 5 June 2014

SN Agriculture Week

SC AGRWEK

PG 268

LA English

LP 2014 JUN 5 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- A new study on Forestry is now available. According to news originating from Port Blair, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions. of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Central Agricultural Research Institute, "The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from New Wandoor in South Andaman recorded the maximum values for eight traits viz, pod length (75.51 mm), pod width (34.62 mm), pod thickness (17.55 mm), 100 pod weight (770.33 g), seed width (21.23 mm), 100 seed weight (377.00 g), oil percentage (43.92%) and germination percentage (94.7%). However, the maximum seed length (26.46 mm) was recorded from CPT 2 and the maximum pod-seed ratio was obtained from CPT 13 and CPT 4 (2.50 and 2.44 respectively). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.30 (for seed length) to 0.95 (pod length) and genetic advance as percent of the mean ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the highest value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germination percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The maximum numbers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The maximum intra cluster distance

Page 90 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. (10.238) shown by cluster VI and the maximum inter cluster distance (17.021) between V and III followed by III and 11 (15.942). Among the six clusters formed the cluster III recorded maximum oil percentage, 100 pod weight, 100 seed weight, pod length, pod thickness, pod width, seed width and germination percentage, while cluster V recorded maximum pod seed ratio and germination percentage."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The present findings suggest that the crossing between accessions of cluster V and cluster III will result in a wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations."

For more information on this research see: Genetic variability and divergence studies in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre., accessions in Bay Islands. Journal of Forestry Research, 2014;25(2):351-358. Journal of Forestry Research can be contacted at: Northeast Forestry Univ, No 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Peoples R China. (Springer - www.springer.com; Journal of Forestry Research - www.springerlink.com/content/1007-662x/)

The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from I. Jaisankar, Indian Council Agr Res, Cent Agr Res Inst, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicob, India. Additional authors for this research include M. Sankaran, D.R. Singh and V. Damodaran.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Forestry, Port Blair

IN i0 : Agriculture | i02 : Forestry/Logging

NS ccat : Corporate/Industrial News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document AGRWEK0020140530ea650007g

HD Intellectual Property India Publishes Patent Application for 'Herbal Composition and Medicament for Treating Malaria' Filed by Singh Maddi WC 151 words

PD 5 June 2014

SN Indian Government News

SC HTINGN

LA English

LP MUMBAI, June 5 -- Intellectual Property India has published a patent application (1284/KOL/2012 A) filed by Singh Maddi, Bihar, on Nov. 8, 2012, for a 'herbal composition and medicament for treating malaria.'

Inventor includes Singh Maddi.

TD The application for the patent was published on May 9, under issue no. 19/2014.

According to the abstract released by the Intellectual Property India: "A herbal composition for treatment of malaria; the composition comprising predefined amount of Teramnus labialis, Pongamia pinnata and Adhatoda vasica. The method for the preparation of said composition is also disclosed herein. A medicament comprising said composition and a method for the preparation of the medicament is also disclosed herein."

AN Document HTINGN0020140605ea6500034

PD 4 June 2014

SN Journal of Engineering

SC JOENG

PG 1626

LA English

LP 2014 JUN 4 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Journal of Engineering -- Fresh data on Thermal Engineering are presented in a new report. According to news originating from Mangalore, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "The suitability of pongamia pinnata vegetable oil as cooling medium for quench heat treatment was investigated. Wetting kinetics, kinematics and heat transfer characteristics of pongamia oil during immersion quenching of hot Inconel probe were determined and compared with palm and mineral oils."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the National Institute of Technology, "A comparison of the relaxation of contact angle indicated early attainment of equilibrium contact angle for pongamia oil droplet on Inconel substrate. The equilibrium contact angle value of pongamia oil was in between mineral and palm oils. However, the spreading kinetics was faster with pongamia oil. Pongamia oil showed the formation of a stable vapour film on the probe surface during quenching. This phenomenon was not observed in palm oil and other vegetable oils reported in literature. Pongamia pinnata oil exhibits uniform nature of wetting front, intermediate rewetting temperature and less variations in rewetting temperatures during quenching. The hardening power of pongamia oil was higher than palm and mineral oils and the cooling of the probe was more uniform during quenching in pongamia oil. The heat transfer characteristics of pongamia oil were found to be superior to palm and mineral oils after film/transition boiling."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "Pongamia oil showed lower heat transfer but more uniform cooling during film boiling."

For more information on this research see: Wetting kinetics, kinematics and heat transfer

Page 94 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. characteristics of pongamia pinnata vegetable oil for industrial heat treatment. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014;65(1-2):433-446. Applied Thermal Engineering can be contacted at: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Applied Thermal Engineering - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/630)

The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from G. Ramesh, Natl Inst Technol Karnataka, Dept. of Met & Mat Engn, Mangalore, India.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Mangalore, Thermal Engineering

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document JOENG00020140604ea64000s0

PD 3 June 2014

SN Life Science Weekly

SC LFSW

LA English

LP 2014 JUN 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Fresh data on DNA Research are presented in a new report. According to news reporting from Gauhati, India, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Pongamia pinnata L. is a multipurpose versatile legume that is well known as a prospective feedstock biodiesel species. However, to date, there has been little genomic research aimed at the exploitation of the biotechnological potential of this species."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Indian Institute of Technology, "Genetic characterization of any plant is a challenging task when there is no information about the genome size and organization of the species. Therefore, the genome size of P. pinnata was estimated by flow cytometry with respect to two standards (Zea mays and Pisum sativum), and compared with that of in vitro-raised plants (nodal segment, in vitro- rooted plantlets and acclimatized in vitro plants) to study the potential effect of somaclonal variation on genome size. This method can be used to support the establishment of true-to- type plants to encourage afforestation programs. Modified propidium iodide/hypotonic citrate buffer was used for isolation of the intact nuclei. The 2C DNA value of this species was estimated to be 2.51 +/- 0.01 pg. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the DNA content of the in vitro-grown plants and mother plant at alpha = 0.05."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "As a result of the low genome size of P. pinnata, a species that has adapted itself to a wide range of edaphic and ecological condition, we can now proceed for its next generation sequencing and genomic diversity studies."

For more information on this research see: Nuclear DNA content of Pongamia pinnata L. and genome size stability of in vitro-regenerated plantlets. Protoplasma, 2014;251(3):703-709. Protoplasma can be contacted at: Springer Wien, Sachsenplatz 4-6, PO Box 89, A-1201

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting R.R. Choudhury, Indian Inst Technol, Dept. of Biotechnol, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India. Additional authors for this research include S. Basak, A.M. Ramesh and L. Rangan.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Gauhati, DNA Research

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document LFSW000020140530ea630039p

Page 97 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Sustainable Energy; Researchers from Department of Food Technology Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Sustainable Energy WC 463 words

PD 28 May 2014

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 242

LA English

LP 2014 MAY 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Investigators publish new report on Sustainable Energy. According to news reporting originating from Erode, India, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Pongamia oil cake (POC), a bio-residual waste is obtained during the production of biodiesel as a byproduct. This is used as biosorbent to evaluate the removal of chromium (VI) ions from an aqueous synthetic solution."

TD Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Department of Food Technology, "The effects of various process parameters such as pH, contact time, initial chromium ions concentration and adsorbent dosage have been investigated. The FT-IR and SEM analysis of the adsorbents was done in the native- and Cr(VI)-loaded state, to explore the position of the functional groups available for binding of chromium ions and the structural morphology of the studied adsorbents respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm were used to study the adsorption mechanism, and it was found that the equilibrium data was better represented by the Freundlich isotherm. The maximal removal of hexavalent chromium ion was found to be at a pH of 2.0 within 2 h. The sorption kinetic follows the pseudo second order kinetic model. The Cr(VI) ions bound to the biosorbent could be effectively removed, using dilute H2SO4 (0.05 mM). The ability of POC to adsorb Cr(VI) ions in packed column was also investigated through the column studies. Bed Depth Service Time model and the Thomas model were used to analyze the experimental data and evaluate the model parameters."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "POC was shown to be a promising adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions."

Page 98 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information on this research see: Batch and Dynamics Modeling of the Biosorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Solid Biomass Waste from the Biodiesel Production. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2014;33(2):342-352. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy can be contacted at: Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River St, Hoboken 07030- 5774, NJ, USA. (Wiley-Blackwell - www.wiley.com/; Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1944-7450)

The news editors report that additional information may be obtained by contacting M. Shanmugaprakash, Kongu Engn College, Dept. of Food Technol, Perundurai 638052, Erode, India. Additional authors for this research include V. Sivakumar, M. Manimaran and J. Aravind.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, Erode, India, Chromium, Biodiesel, Oil and Gas, Bioengineering, Sustainable Energy, Transition Elements

AN Document BIWK000020140523ea5s0004u

HD Indian Applicant Files Patent Application for Herbal Composition and Medicament for Treating Malaria CR Distributed by Contify.com

WC 129 words

PD 16 May 2014

SN Indian Patent News

SC ATPATN

LA English

LP New Delhi, May 16 -- Singh Maddi of Nawada, India filed patent application for herbal composition and medicament for treating malaria. The inventor is Singh Maddi.

Singh Maddi filed the patent application on Nov. 8, 2012. The patent application number is 1284/KOL/2012 A. The international classification number is A61K36/00.

TD According to the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks, "A herbal composition for treatment of malaria; the composition comprising predefined amount of Teramnus labialis, Pongamia pinnata and Adhatoda vasica. The method for the preparation of said composition is also disclosed herein. A medicament comprising said composition and a method for the preparation of the medicament is also disclosed herein."

AN Document ATPATN0020140516ea5g00005

PD 16 May 2014

SN Chemicals & Chemistry

SC CHEMEC

PG 1146

LA English

LP 2014 MAY 16 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Chemicals & Chemistry -- Current study results on Biochemistry have been published. According to news reporting from Coimbatore, India, by VerticalNews editors, the research stated, "In this study, I investigated the chemical characteristics, biochemical methane potential, conversion kinetics and biodegradability of untreated and NaOH-treated Pongamia plant parts, and pod husk and press cake from the biodiesel industry to evaluate their suitability as an alternative feedstock for biogas production. The untreated Pongamia seeds exhibited the maximum CH4 yield of 473 ml g (-1) volatile solid (VS) added."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Department of Zoology, "Yellow, withered leaves gave a yield as low as 122 ml CH4 g (-1) VS added. There were significant variations in the CH4 production rate constants, which ranged from 0.02 to 0.15 d (-1), and biodegradability, which ranged from 0.25 to 0.98. NaOH treatment of leaf and pod husk, which were highly rich in fibers, increased the yields by 15-22% and CH4 production rate constants by 20-75%. Utilization of Pongamia wastes in biogas digesters not only influences the economics of biodiesel production but also yields CH4 fuel and protects the environment. The experimental data from this study were used to develop a multiple regression model, which could estimate biodegradability based on biochemical characteristics. The model predicted the biodegradability of previously published biomass wastes (r(2)=0.88) from their biochemical composition. The theoretical CH4 yields estimated as 350 ml g(-1) chemical oxygen demand destroyed are much higher than the experimental yields as 100% biodegradability is assumed for each substrate."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "Upon correcting the theoretical CH4 yields with biodegradability data obtained from chemical analyses of substrates, their

For more information on this research see: Biogas production from Pongamia biomass wastes and a model to estimate biodegradability from their composition. Waste Management & Research, 2014;32(2):131-9. (Sage Publications - www.sagepub.com/; Waste Management & Research - wmr.sagepub.com)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting V.N. Gunaseelan, Nallathambi Gunaseelan, Dept. of Zoology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Coimbatore, Biochemical, Biochemistry.

IN i25 : Chemicals | iseed : Seeds | i0 : Agriculture | ibasicm : Basic Materials/Resources

AN Document CHEMEC0020140509ea5g000x0

SE Bangalore

HD No more Gulmohars, says BBMP

BY Saswati Mukherjee B

WC 525 words

PD 14 May 2014

SN The Times of India

SC TOI

LA English

LP BANGALORE: A walk in Cubbon Park or down Commercial Street around this time of the year leaves you awestruck, thanks to the bright red flowers of the Gulmohar also called the Mayflower trees which are in full bloom. They're vibrant proof of why Bangalore, despite the loss of greenery, is still a Garden City. But the BBMP doesn't think so and has decided not to plant these trees anymore.

It believes they're a nuisance, particularly during the pre-monsoon and monsoon months. But experts differ and point out that they're important for the city.

TD The branches of such Avenue trees (those which have a canopy and provide shade) are brittle and the roots go very deep. Both these factors make them vulnerable to monsoon wind and rain. "The large trees with deep roots damage sewage lines, boundary walls, sumps and not to talk of traffic blocks caused by fallen branches. The roads get choked and traffic blocked." said Brijesh Kumar, chief conservator of forests, BBMP. This is the local planning authority in charge of urban tree planting

Only planned cities like Chandigarh can accommodate Avenue trees, say urban planners, adding that Bangalore, the second fastest growing city in India, can't do it. "Roads need to be widened and infrastructure developed in the city and trees are the first casualty," said Kumar.

Instead, the civic agency is opting for ornamental trees which are smaller, easier to manage

Wooded streets get the thumbs-up from experts who prefer Avenue trees as they play a critical role in lowering the city temperature, intensity of summer heat and pollution levels. Bangalore was cooler and less polluted when Avenue trees grew in abundance. A greater predominance of young trees of smaller species has serious implications for the city's health, say experts.

"Small, narrow canopy trees have a lower capacity to absorb atmospheric pollutants, mitigate urban heat island effects, stabilize soil and prevent ground water run-off," said Prof Harini Nagendra, Azim Premji University. Her study titled 'Street Trees in Bangalore: Density, diversity, composition and distribution', highlights the need to protect the remaining street trees, with a focus on large, mature trees and the importance of selecting an appropriate and diverse mix of large and small tree species for new planting.

"Such small trees not native to Bangalore don't contribute much to the overall biodiversity. They do not attract birds and do not fit into the ecological balance," said S Karthikeyan, author of the book 'Discover Avenue Trees'.

Past forward

Bangalore was famed for its breathtakingly beautiful streets lined with large, canopied ?owering trees in the past. Although large-scale urban horticultural plantations were carried out in the early 20th century, most of the trees seen on our streets today date back to the early 1980s when an extensive tree plantation drive was conducted.

Species then and now

Most commonly found species in Bangalore -- Rain tree, Copper Pod, African Tulip, Pongam, Orchid tree, Gulmohar, Nile Tulip, Indian Cork

Species being planted - Pongamia, Neem, Tabebuia, Peltophorum

For Reprint Rights: timescontent.com

AN Document TOI0000020140526ea5e001nx

SE Times City

HD No more Gulmohars: BBMP

BY Saswati Mukherjee B | TNN

WC 593 words

PD 14 May 2014

SN The Times of India - Bangalore Edition

SC TOIBAN

LA English

LP Palike Says Their Brittle Branches Are A Nuisance During Rain

Awalk in Cubbon Park or down Commercial Street this time of the year leaves you awestruck, thanks to the bright red flowers of the Gulmohar, also called the Mayflower trees, which are in full bloom.

TD They're vibrant proof of why Bangalore, despite the loss of greenery, is still a Garden City.

But BBMP has decided not to plant these trees anymore.

It believes they're a nuisance, particularly during the pre-monsoon and monsoon months.

But experts insist they're important for the city.

The branches of such Avenue trees (those which have a canopy and provide shade ) are brittle and the roots go very deep.

Both these factors make them vulnerable to monsoon wind and rain.

"The large trees with deep roots damage sewage lines, boundary walls, sumps, and not to talk of traffic blocks caused by fallen branches.

The roads get choked and traffic blocked." said Brijesh Kumar, chief conservator of forests, BBMP.

This is the local planning authority in charge of urban tree planting.

Only planned cities like Chandigarh can accommodate Avenue trees, say urban planners, adding that Bangalore can't do it."Roads need to be widened and infrastructure developed, and trees are the first casualty,"said Kumar.

Instead, the civic agency is opting for ornamental trees which are smaller, easier to manage and low on 'nuisance value'.

Wooded streets get the thumbs-up from experts who prefer Avenue trees as they play a critical role in lowering temperature and pollution.

Bangalore was cooler and less polluted when Avenue trees grew in abundance.

A greater predominance of young trees of smaller species has serious implications for the city's health, say experts."Small, narrow canopy trees have a lower capacity to absorb atmospheric pollutants, mitigate urban heat island effects, stabilize soil and prevent ground water run-off," said Prof Harini Nagendra, Azim Premji University.

Her study titled 'Street Trees in Bangalore : Density, diversity, composition and distribution', highlights the need to protect the remaining street trees.

'' Small trees not native to Bangalore don't contribute much to the overall biodiversity.

They do not fit into the ecological balance,'' said S Karthikeyan, author of the book Discover Avenue Trees.

PAST FORWARD

Bangalore was famed for its breathtakingly beautiful streets lined with large, canopied flowering trees in the past.

Although largescale urban horticultural plantations were carried out in the early 20th century, most of the trees seen on our streets today date back to the early 1980s when an extensive tree plantation drive was conducted.

Most commonly found species in Bangalore are Rain tree, Copper Pod, African Tulip, Pongam, Orchid tree, Gulmohar, Nile Tulip, Indian Cork Species being planted: Pongamia, Neem, Tabebuia, Peltophorum

EXPERTSPEAK

Bangalore is known for

its huge trees.

A big tree releases more oxygen and takes in more carbon dioxide.

Smaller trees won't be able to clear the air and will also increase pollution.

Birds won't be able to make nests in small trees.

BBMP is taking a short cut at the cost of the environment.

Kapil Sharma | FOUNDER, SAYTREES

Canopy trees are an

integral part of our

heritage.

The decisionmakers need to take a more informed call on long-term sustainable development and not think only of aesthetics.

They're not being sensitive to Bangalore's heritage.

They need to get in touch with global leaders and evaluate the situation before planting such trees.

Deepak Srinivasan | CO-ORGANIZER, NERALU TREE FESTIVAL

NS glife : Living/Lifestyle | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document TOIBAN0020140515ea5e0003d

SE KARNATAKA

HD Garden city’s slums have a green thumb

BY Divya Gandhi

WC 356 words

PD 12 May 2014

SN The Hindu

SC THINDU

LA English

LP Bangalore,KARNATAKA Of 46 tree species and 95 plant species documented, most were used to meet medicinal and nutrition needs Urban ecology almost always overlooks an integral part of a city’s landscape – its slums. But these neglected, congested and disenfranchised pockets of urban habitation harbour a surprising diversity of flora, finds a new study from Bangalore.

TD In discarded paint cans, plastic bags, buckets and old kitchen utensils, slum residents raise medicinal herbs, vegetables, ornamental and aromatic plants, overcoming constraints of their circumscribed space by using rooftops and windowsills as perches for their plants, researchers found in an assessment of 44 Bangalore slums. The paper was published in the latest issue of journal Sustainability , and authored by researchers at the Technical University of Berlin and Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment.Of the 46 species of trees and 95 species of shrubs, herbs and creepers documented, the most commonly found were used to meet medicinal and nutrition needs: Moringa oleifera or drumstick trees (their leave and fruits are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals) coconut, neem (both with multiple uses and high economic value), holy basil, Aloe vera (known for medicinal properties) and ornamental money plants .

Shade-giving trees such as Pongamia pinnata (pongam tree) and peepul, besides being props for clothes lines and billboards, also turn into vital "nodes of social activity," says the paper. On a smaller scale, researchers found fruit trees and plants grown for consumption

Page 110 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. such as papaya, banana, hyacinth bean, tomato, castor, common sorrel and betel plant. Muntingia calabura (Singapore cherry tree) and mango trees were the most popular fruiting trees, while the most dominant ornamental species was the rain tree.

“Slums may not have the kind of biodiversity that other residential pockets in Bangalore do, but they certainly have a larger concentration of indigenous plants,” says lead author Divya Gopal, a researcher at the Technical University of Berlin.Considering the ecosystem services, green spaces are known to provide to health and well being in urban areas in general and to socioeconomic conditions in slums in particular.

AN Document THINDU0020140512ea5c0004b

SE KARNATAKA

HD Garden city’s slums have a green thumb

BY Divya Gandhi

WC 328 words

PD 8 May 2014

SN The Hindu

SC THINDU

LA English

LP Bangalore,KARNATAKA Urban ecology almost always overlooks an integral part of a city’s landscape – its slums. But these neglected, congested and disenfranchised pockets of urban habitation harbour a surprising diversity of flora, finds a new study from Bangalore.

Paint cans, buckets

The paper was published in the latest issue of journal Sustainability , and authored by researchers at the Technical University of Berlin and Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment.

Of the 46 species of trees and 95 species of shrubs, herbs and creepers documented, the most commonly found were used to meet medicinal and nutrition needs: Moringa oleifera or drumstick trees (their leave and fruits are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals) coconut, neem (both with multiple uses and high economic value), holy basil, Aloe vera (known for medicinal properties) and ornamental money plants, rose and jasmine.

Page 112 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Shade-giving trees such as Pongamia pinnata (pongam tree) and peepul, besides being props for clothes lines and billboards, also turn into vital “nodes of social activity,” says the paper.

Help in well being

Considering the ecosystem services green spaces are known to provide to health and well being in urban areas in general, and to socioeconomic conditions in slums in particular, policy makers, government agencies and NGOs should include “a green agenda” for slums the researchers have said.

Of the 141 species documented, most were used to meet medicinal and nutrition needs

AN Document THINDU0020140508ea580005c

SE Leaderboard

HD SEED MONEY

BY KATHRYN DILL

WC 323 words

PD 5 May 2014

SN Forbes

SC FB

PG 30

VOL Volume 193 Issue 6

LA English

LP Rob Leclerc AGFUNDER

Leclerc, 41, had a Ph.D. in biology and a background in artificial intelligence when he went to work with an African agribusiness company and became fascinated with the challenge of connecting a winning idea with willing investors. In 2013 he launched AgFunder, an online investment platform for the global agriculture industry. Handling $1.3 billion worth of projects, AgFunder connects private and institutional investors with ventures ranging from cattle ranches in Brazil to Hawaiian dairy farms to cloud-based ag software. He says he wants to make it the "financial infrastructure" of farming.

TD Naveen Sikka TERVIVA

Despite his M.B.A. from UC Berkeley, Sikka, 35, spends much of his time these days in the field, literally. He founded TerViva in 2010. It develops new crops to thrive on land no longer being productively farmed: for example, played out acreage in Florida and Hawaii that once grew citrus and sugarcane. Its first commercialized crop is pongamia, a tree whose pods can be processed into biofuels, fertilizer or animal feed. It's similar to soy but yields up to eight times the harvest while requiring less water--an accomplishment that has drawn $5.5 million

Jesse Vollmar FARMLOGS

He grew up on a midwestern farm, but his passion was always for tech. Vollmar, 25, did a brief West Coast stint participating in startup incubator Y Combinator before returning to Michigan in 2012 to found FarmLogs, a software platform that helps farmers harness data to make crucial decisions, such as which fields, according to meteorological data, will be too wet to work on a particular day. FarmLogs exploits the reach of high-speed Internet into remote rural communities to save farmers hours of labor a day, he says. More than 5% of U.S. farms with row crops now use the technology, which has attracted $5 million in investment.

PUB Forbes Media LLC

AN Document FB00000020140418ea550000k

PD 23 April 2014

SN Tender Tiger

SC TENTIG

LA English

LP Tender Details: Supply of Veterinary drugs, Chemicals, Vaccine & Feed Supplement on Biennial - Appetite stimulant and digestive tonic of Herbal compound powder.,each100 gm containing,'Katbhadra-0.7 gm, Mahaushad-1.0 gm.Yavnesta-0.5 gm.,Katuveera- 0.9gm,Raktapushpak-2gm Brahammavriksha-1.0 gm,Lavanajulabi-5.0 gm,Aksheev-10.00 gm,Manthpak18.0 gm, Mangalya-2.0 gm,Amritphal-9.0 gm,Karshaphala9.0 gm,Yoshitpria 7.12 gm,Kana-0.70 gm, Dadim-1.5 gm,Mishreya-1.0 gm,Rasayani-1.5 gm,Yavtika1.5 gm,Kanor-0.20 gm,Ramathi-1 gm, Tiktak-2.30gm,Sriphala-2.0 gm,Dipyaka 7.0 gm,Rohini-7.0 gm,Deepani-3.0 gm,Somraji-1.0 gm, Panurdrum-0.96 gm,Chakri-0.96 gm,Veervraksha-.096 gm,Saubhagya-.48 gm,Markav-.5 gm, Peeta-.3 gm,Krimighna-.23 gm, Siddartha-.192 gm,Swethpushpa-.48 gm,Kautikta-.192 mg and other important herbs , Appetite stimulant and digestive tonic of Herbal compound powder.,each100 gm containing,'Katbhadra-0.7 gm, Mahaushad-1.0 gm.Yavnesta-0.5 gm.,Katuveera-0.9gm,Raktapushpak-2gm Brahammavriksha-1.0 gm,

TD Lavanajulabi-5.0 gm,Aksheev-10.00 gm,Manthpak18.0 gm, Mangalya-2.0 gm,Amritphal-9.0 gm,Karshaphala9.0 gm,Yoshitpria 7.12 gm,Kana-0.70 gm, Dadim-1.5 gm,Mishreya-1.0 gm,Rasayani-1.5 gm,Yavtika1.5 gm,Kanor-0.20 gm,Ramathi-1 gm, Tiktak-2.30gm,Sriphala- 2.0 gm,Dipyaka 7.0 gm,Rohini-7.0 gm,Deepani-3.0 gm,Somraji-1.0 gm, Panurdrum-0.96 gm,Chakri-0.96 gm,Veervraksha-.096 gm,Saubhagya-.48 gm,Markav-.5 gm, Peeta-.3 gm,Krimighna-.23 gm, Siddartha-.192 gm,Swethpushpa-.48 gm,Kautikta-.192 mg and other important herbs , Stomachic and Reuminotoric Powder Each 100 gm containing Mahatikta -20 gm Shatapuspa-20gm Vishamusti-8gm.,Nagara-5gm.,Trikana-1gm.,Chitraka-10 gm.,Nisha-5 gm.,Pindava-5 gm.,Tamalapatra-2gm.,Tankana-2gm.,Lavana-q.s., Digestive tonic powder Each 100 gms containing,Mahatikta-3.10gm.,Vishamusti-3.10 gms Shatapushpi4.6gm.,Haritaki-6.15 gm.,Vibhitaki-6.15 gm,AMALAKI-3.85 GM.,Nagara-3.05 'gm.,Sharashapaha-0.75 gm.,Ajmodika-3.85 gms.,Haridra-3.85 gm.,Hingu-0.25 gm.,Musta- 3.85 gm.,'gm.,Sharashapaha-0.75 gm.,Ajmodika-3.85 gms.,Haridra-3.85 gm.,Hingu-0.25

Page 116 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. gm.,Musta-3.85 gm.,'Nadihingu-1.5gm.,Vishnupria-6.15 gm.,Methika-0.75 gm.,Danyaka-6.10 gm.,Thwak-7.7 gm.,'Nadihingu-1.5gm.,Vishnupria-6.15 gm.,Methika-0.75 gm.,Danyaka-6.10 gm.,Thwak-7.7 gm.,Ushana-3.05 gm.,Mandara 7.70 gm, Nimba 3.05 gm, Pooneeru 0.75 gm, Bidhalavana 9.20 gm, Khatika 0.75 gm, Saindhava Lavana 15.35 gm, Digestive tonic powder Each 100 gms containing,Mahatikta-3.10gm.,Vishamusti-3.10 gms Shatapushpi4.6gm.,Haritaki-6.15 gm.,Vibhitaki-6.15 gm,AMALAKI-3.85 GM.,Nagara-3.05 'gm.,Sharashapaha-0.75 gm.,Ajmodika-3.85 gms.,Haridra-3.85 gm.,Hingu-0.25 gm.,Musta- 3.85 gm.,'gm.,Sharashapaha-0.75 gm.,Ajmodika-3.85 gms.,Haridra-3.85 gm.,Hingu-0.25 gm.,Musta-3.85 gm.,'Nadihingu-1.5gm.,Vishnupria-6.15 gm.,Methika-0.75 gm.,Danyaka-6.10 gm.,Thwak-7.7 gm.,'Nadihingu-1.5gm.,Vishnupria-6.15 gm.,Methika-0.75 gm.,Danyaka-6.10 gm.,Thwak-7.7 gm.,Ushana-3.05 gm.,Mandara 7.70 gm, Nimba 3.05 gm, Pooneeru 0.75 gm, Bidhalavana 9.20 gm, Khatika 0.75 gm, Saindhava Lavana 15.35 gm, Ruminotoric bolus. Each bolus containing, Kayubhadra-675 mg,Chakrangi-810 mg,Tiktak-540 mg,Yavtikyak-360 mg,Dipyaka-360 mg,Jivanti-270 mg,Angarak-270 mg,Mahashudh-270 mg,Mangalya-180 mg,Kana-135 mg,Vrishketu-135 mg.Amogha-135 mg,Mahishaksh-135 mg, Vellaj-112 mg,Upkullya-112 mg., Liver stimulant powder. Each 100 gm containing,Bhumyamlaki-22.60 gm.,Sharaphunka-16.10 gm.,'Bringaraja-5.2gm.,Katuki-0.70 gm.,Guduchi-4.,5 gm.,Kasani-1.3 gm.,Chitraka-1.3 gm.,Kalmegh-1.2 gm.,Nimba-1.2 gm.,Azwan-1.3 gm. Dhanyaki 1.3 gm, Amalaki 23.90 gm, Tulasi 19.40 gm, Liver stimulant powder. Each 100 gm containing,Bhumyamlaki-22.60 gm.,Sharaphunka-16.10 gm.,'Bringaraja-5.2gm.,Katuki-0.70 gm.,Guduchi-4.,5 gm.,Kasani-1.3 gm.,Chitraka-1.3 gm.,Kalmegh-1.2 gm.,Nimba-1.2 gm.,Azwan-1.3 gm. Dhanyaki 1.3 gm, Amalaki 23.90 gm, Tulasi 19.40 gm, Digestive tonic ,each 10 gm contains, Amla- 0.50, Aak pushpa-0.08, Inguda-0.5gm,Brigharaj-0.5 gm Ballatak- 0.04gm, Bach-0.2gm.,Dhaikaphool-0.4 gm.,Guggulu-0.2 gm.,Giloe-0.1 gm.,Haldi-0.2 gm,Harar-0.5 gm.,Kutki-0.3gm.,Kalmegh-0.5 gm.,Chirayata-0.4 gm.,Lahsun-0.5 gm.,Kalamarich-0.1 gm.,Methi-0.50,Neelatotha-0.05gm.,Neem laef-0.5 gm,Dhikamali-0.2 gm.,Navsadara-0.2Pipal large-0.10.kasis-0.2 gm.,Sunthi-1.0gm.,Common salt-1gm.,Kalijeeri- 0.5 gm.,Bedang-0.2gm.,Ajwan-0.5 gm, Digestive tonic ,each 10 gm contains, Amla- 0.50, Aak pushpa-0.08, Inguda-0.5gm,Brigharaj-0.5 gm Ballatak-0.04gm, Bach-0.2gm.,Dhaikaphool-0.4 gm.,Guggulu-0.2 gm.,Giloe-0.1 gm.,Haldi-0.2 gm,Harar-0.5 gm.,Kutki-0.3gm.,Kalmegh-0.5 gm.,Chirayata-0.4 gm.,Lahsun-0.5 gm.,Kalamarich-0.1 gm.,Methi-0.50,Neelatotha- 0.05gm.,Neem laef-0.5 gm,Dhikamali-0.2 gm.,Navsadara-0.2Pipal large-0.10.kasis-0.2 gm.,Sunthi-1.0gm.,Common salt-1gm.,Kalijeeri-0.5 gm.,Bedang-0.2gm.,Ajwan-0.5 gm, Digestive bolus Each bolus containing,Piper noigrum-200mg, Cinnamomum zeylanicum-100 mg,'Sindhav-400mg, Coriandrum sativum-250 mg,Tamrindus indica-150 mg, Piper longum400mg,Feronia eliphetinum-600mg,Cuminumcymynum-300 mg,Sodium chloride-400 mg,Zingiberofficianale 600mg,Alpine galanga-300mg, Black salt-400mg., Digestive tonic powder Each 100 gm contains, Zingiber officinate 1 gm, cassia Fistula-3.05 gm, 'Swertia chirata 10 gm,Tachyspermum Ammi-2gm,Aegle marmelos-4 gm, Copper sulphate- 0.02 gm, Black salt- 9.05 gm, Coriangrum sativum-1.75 gm, curcuma longa -5 gm,Embica officinalis- 9

Page 117 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. gm,Tinospora cardifilia- 8 gm, AlpinaGalanga- 5 gm, Carryo Phyllus Aromaticus- 6 gm, Sodium chloride- '9.5 gm,MeliaAzadiarachla-3 gm, Terminalia chebula- 4gm, Terminalia Belerica- 9 gm,Peucedanum 'Graveolens- 2gm,Chinnamomum Tamala-6gm, VernoniaAnthelminitica-1.5 gm, Asafotida comp.05gm., Each tab contains Tinospra cordifo;ia 12mg,Ecliplongum 12mg, Cassia oxidenntalis 12mg,Cicrhorium intibus 18mg,Solanum nigram 15mg,Bierhavia diffusa 18mg,Terminalia arjuna 18mg,Ticoma undulate 15mg,butea monosperma 12mg,Ocimum sanctum 12mg,Arogyavardhini ras 3mg, Mandur bhasma 15mg,kalmegh 18mg,Eclipta alba 15mg,Terminalaya Chebula 12mg,Picrorrhiza Kurroa 15mg,Tephrosia purpurus 9mg,Lawsonia alba 9mg,Phylanthus niruti 6mg,Emballiaribs 9mg, Base qs, Each bolus contains Himsra 1.175gm,Arjuna .0590gm, Kasani 1.175 gm, Biranjasipha 0.295gm, Kakamachi 0.590gm, Jhavuka 0.295gm,Kasamarda .295gms Mandurbhasma 0.590gm, Each gm contains Himsra 0.235gm,Arjuna 0.118gm, Kasani 0.235 gm, Biranjasipha 0.059gm, Kakamachi 0.118gm, Jhavuka 0.059gm,Kasamarda .059gms Mandurbhasma 0.118gm, Each gm contains Himsra 0.235gm,Arjuna 0.118gm, Kasani 0.235 gm, Biranjasipha 0.059gm, Kakamachi 0.118gm, Jhavuka 0.059gm,Kasamarda .059gms Mandurbhasma 0.118gm, Each gm contains Pdrs Triphala 23mg,Shunthi 0.18mg Arjuna 16mg,Lasuna14mg Jiraka 11mg, Vidanga 4mg,Maracha 4mg, Each bolus contains Sunthi.67gm,Kutuki08gm,Inguda 0.54g,Ajwain 0.36g,kalmegha 0.36g,Harar 0.27g,Bringaraj 0.27g,Lahsun 0.27g,Watcha 0.18gms,Jeera white 0.13gms Punarnava 0.13g, Beedung0.13gms, Guggulu 0.13gm,Kalimirch 0.11gm,Pipal Large 0.11gm, Kasis 0.15gms, Each gm contains Pdrs guduchi 0.75mg,Shunthi 0.60mg Lasuna0.48mg Jiraka 0.36mg, Vidanga 0.15mg,Maracha .012mg, Each gm contains Pdrs guduchi 0.75mg,Shunthi 0.60mg Lasuna0.48mg Jiraka 0.36mg, Vidanga 0.15mg,Maracha .012mg, Each bolus Contains Extracts Eq to(in mg) Eclipta Alba 525, Boerhaavia Diffusa 350, Androphis Paniculata 525, Phyllanthus Amarus 350, Azadirachta Indica 350, Sida cordifolia 350, Achyranthes Aspera 350, terminalia Chebula 350, Tephrosia Purpurea 175, Funaria varaiflora 175, Anti diarrhoeal bolus Each bolus containing,Acacia arabica-4.0 gm,Aegle marmelos-3.0 gm,Tinospora cardifolia-1.5 gm,Symplocos racimosa 1.5 gm,WoodfordiaFruiticosa 1.5 gmCyperus rotedus 1.5 gm,Ocium sanctum-1.0 gm,Holerrhena antidysentrica-1.0 gm,,Zingiber officnale-1.0 gm , 'Anti diarrhoeal powder. Each 100 gm. Containing Raktasar-3.5 gm,Sriphala-12.0 gm,Pandurdrum-4.0gm,Dadim-13 gm,Tamrapushpi-7.5 gm,Amrithavallari-6.50 gm,Peeta-7.0 gm, Brihatpatra-6.5 gm,Kathini-32.5 gm,Gundra-3.5 gm,Pichacha-1.6 gm,Nagar-0.70 gm,Anjwar-1,5 gm, 'Anti diarrhoeal powder. Each 100 gm. Containing Raktasar-3.5 gm,Sriphala-12.0 gm,Pandurdrum-4.0gm,Dadim-13 gm,Tamrapushpi-7.5 gm,Amrithavallari- 6.50 gm,Peeta-7.0 gm, Brihatpatra-6.5 gm,Kathini-32.5 gm,Gundra-3.5 gm,Pichacha-1.6 gm,Nagar-0.70 gm,Anjwar-1,5 gm, Astringent&Antidiarroeal powder. Each 100 gms containing,Dadima-16.15 gm.,Methika-5.4 gm.,, Bilva-16.85 gm.,Musta-10.10 gm.,Arjuna- 2gm.,Khadira-1.7 gm.,Shalmali-0.25 gm.,Kutaja-24,25 gm.,Rajaphala-6.75 gm,Tuvari- 2gm.,Khatika-3.35 gm.Gairika-q.s, Anti diarrhoeal powder.Each gm.Containing,Kuchaphala- 250 mg.,Kalinga-150 mg.,Ravipriya-50 mg.,Sriphal-250 mg.,Meghavarma-20 mg.,Triphala

Page 118 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. ext.-30 mg.,Kukubha-20 mg.,Khadira-10 mg.,Uluva-20 mg.,Chaka-200 mg., Anti diarrhoeal powder.Each gm.Containing,Kuchaphala-250 mg.,Kalinga-150 mg.,Ravipriya-50 mg.,Sriphal- 250 mg.,Meghavarma-20 mg.,Triphala ext.-30 mg.,Kukubha-20 mg.,Khadira-10 mg.,Uluva-20 mg.,Chaka-200 mg., 'Anti diarrhoeal powder.Each 10 gm.Containing, Anjwar- 0. 25, Giloe- 1.083gm,Kutaj-1gm, 'Nagarmotha-0.583gm,Sunthi-0.116,Khatoka-3.333gm,Baelgiri- 0.515gm,Dadima-0.610gm,Dhaiphool-0.420gm 'Daruharidra-0.20gm,lLodhrakachal- 0.160gm,Mochras-0.100gm,Kalmegh-0.165gm,Khadirsar-0.583,gm, 'Anti diarrhoeal powder.Each 10 gm.Containing, Anjwar- 0. 25, Giloe-1.083gm,Kutaj-1gm, 'Nagarmotha- 0.583gm,Sunthi-0.116,Khatoka-3.333gm,Baelgiri-0.515gm,Dadima-0.610gm,Dhaiphool- 0.420gm 'Daruharidra-0.20gm,lLodhrakachal-0.160gm,Mochras-0.100gm,Kalmegh- 0.165gm,Khadirsar-0.583,gm, Each bolus contains Kutaja 875mg,Guduchi 57.14mg,Pdrs Shuddha gairika bhasma 1000mg Bilva 875mg Mayakku292.85mg Shalmali250mg,Babbula 250mg,Shanka bhasma 217.85mg,Musta 182.14mg, Each bolus contains Shrifal 850mg,Brihatpatra 600mg,Dhakti 300mg,Gundra 300mg,Kutaj 700mg,Dadim 200mg,Khatika 1000mg,Hinglok 50mg,qs base, Anti Tympany powder, Each 100 gm Containing,Ramath-1.0 gm,Dirghjeerak-1.0 gm,Vishva-17.5 gm,Mahaushad-3.0 gm,Yavnest- 2.0 gm,Rakta pushpak- 2.0 gm,Dhenuka-2.0 gm,'Chatra-1.5 gm,Peeta-6.0 gm,Deepya-6.0 gm,Rohini-2.5 gm,Sriphala-2.5 gm,Chandrika-3.0 'gm,Madhura-4.5 gm,Somraji-1.0 gm,Lavanajulabi-6.0 gm,Aksheev-20 .0 gm,Manthapak-10 .0 gm ',Tiktak-2.0 gm,Krishna-2.0 gm,Krishn-0.44 gm,Katambara. 0 88gm,Golomi0.88gm,Peetak0.55 gm,Katuveer-0.44 gm,Markandika-0.88 gm., Anti Tympany powder, Each 100 gm Containing,Ramath-1.0 gm,Dirghjeerak-1.0 gm,Vishva-17.5 gm,Mahaushad-3.0 gm,Yavnest- 2.0 gm,Rakta pushpak-2.0 gm,Dhenuka-2.0 gm,'Chatra-1.5 gm,Peeta-6.0 gm,Deepya-6.0 gm,Rohini-2.5 gm,Sriphala-2.5 gm,Chandrika- 3.0 'gm,Madhura-4.5 gm,Somraji-1.0 gm,Lavanajulabi-6.0 gm,Aksheev-20 .0 gm,Manthapak- 10 .0 gm ',Tiktak-2.0 gm,Krishna-2.0 gm,Krishn-0.44 gm,Katambara. 0 88gm,Golomi0.88gm,Peetak0.55 gm,Katuveer-0.44 gm,Markandika-0.88 gm., Anti Tympany liquid Each 100 ml containing,Mentha spp. 80 gm.,Ferula asafetida-0.60 gm.,Excipients& preservcatives-1.5 gm.,, Antizymotic powder. Each100 gm containing,Chitraka-12.30 gm.,ajmodica-16.40 gm.,shatapushpa-8.25 gm.,hingu-0.40 gm,Shunti-1.30 gm.,vishamushti- 4.10 gm.,Pippali-0.40 gm.,maricha-0.40 gm.'musta 2.7gm,pooneru-3.4gm.,lavana-20 4.gm. 'chavya-12.3gm.,krishna jeeraka-4.0 gm,haridra-4.10 gm.,dhanyaka-4.10 gm,tamlapatra-5.5 gm,, Antizymotic powder. Each100 gm containing,Chitraka-12.30 gm.,ajmodica-16.40 gm.,shatapushpa-8.25 gm.,hingu-0.40 gm,Shunti-1.30 gm.,vishamushti-4.10 gm.,Pippali-0.40 gm.,maricha-0.40 gm.'musta 2.7gm,pooneru-3.4gm.,lavana-20 4.gm. 'chavya-12.3gm.,krishna jeeraka-4.0 gm,haridra-4.10 gm.,dhanyaka-4.10 gm,tamlapatra-5.5 gm,, Concentrated Antizymotic powder. Each gm containinig,Srangaveera ext.-305mg.,Saindhalavana-180 mg.,'Trikana-90mg.,Bahleeka-10 mg.,yamani-180 mg.,karevee-180 mg.,agnishika-40 mg.,Ooshnam-10 mg.,Devakusumam ext.-5mg., Concentrated Antizymotic powder. Each gm containinig,Srangaveera ext.-305mg.,Saindhalavana-180 mg.,'Trikana-90mg.,Bahleeka-10 mg.,yamani-180 mg.,karevee-180 mg.,agnishika-40 mg.,Ooshnam-10 mg.,Devakusumam

Page 119 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. ext.-5mg., Concentrated Antizymotic powder. Each gm containinig,Srangaveera ext.- 305mg.,Saindhalavana-180 mg., 'Trikana-90mg.,Bahleeka-10 mg.,yamani-180 mg.,karevee- 180 mg.,agnishika-40 mg.,Ooshnam-10 mg., Devakusumam ext.-5mg., Anti tussive powder. Each 100 gm containing,Kulirvishanika-4.0 gm,Paribhavya-5.0 gm, ,,'Mahabarivacha-5.0 gm,Dvijpriya-8.0 gm.,Cleetnac-4.17 gm.,Nidigdhika-13.0 gm.,Vajidanta 25.33 gm.Suvrata-7.0 gm.,Eklypto-10 .0 gm,Aksha-4.16 gm.Narasar-4.16 gm.,Suvarchika-4.16 gm.,Swetpushpa- 2.05 gm.,Dhatripatra-1.94 gm.,Golomi-2.0 gm., Anti tussive powder. Each 100 gm containing,Kulirvishanika-4.0 gm,Paribhavya-5.0 gm, ,,'Mahabarivacha-5.0 gm,Dvijpriya-8.0 gm.,Cleetnac-4.17 gm.,Nidigdhika-13.0 gm.,Vajidanta 25.33 gm.Suvrata-7.0 gm.,Eklypto-10 .0 gm,Aksha-4.16 gm.Narasar-4.16 gm.,Suvarchika-4.16 gm.,Swetpushpa-2.05 gm.,Dhatripatra-1.94 gm.,Golomi-2.0 gm., Expectorant powder. Each 100 gm. Containing,Vasa-25.20 gm.,Vishnupriya-12.55 gm.,gm. 'Pippali-0.20 gm,Vacha-2.10 gm,Kantakari-2.10 gm.Chavya-2.10 gm.Sugandhavacha-5.0 gm.,'Punarnava-2.10 gm.,Lavangha-8.40 gm.,Talispatra-4.20 gm.,Yashtimadhu-0.5gm.,Nagaram- 0.85gm.',Sadapaha-5.0 gm.,Bharangi-1.65 gm.,Amlaki-5.0 gm.,Vibhitaki-12.55 gm.,Abhaya- 7.55 gm., 'Chulika-2.10 Tankana-0.85 gm., Expectorant powder. Each 100 gm. Containing,Vasa-25.20 gm.,Vishnupriya-12.55 gm.,gm. 'Pippali-0.20 gm,Vacha-2.10 gm,Kantakari-2.10 gm.Chavya-2.10 gm.Sugandhavacha-5.0 gm.,'Punarnava-2.10 gm.,Lavangha-8.40 gm.,Talispatra-4.20 gm.,Yashtimadhu-0.5gm.,Nagaram- 0.85gm.',Sadapaha-5.0 gm.,Bharangi-1.65 gm.,Amlaki-5.0 gm.,Vibhitaki-12.55 gm.,Abhaya- 7.55 gm., 'Chulika-2.10 Tankana-0.85 gm., Anti tussive& expectorant powder. Each gm containing,Sinhaparni-250 mg.,Bhargi-250 mg.,sangavera-250mg.,Divya.ext.100 mg,Trikana- 10 mg,Sudha-30 mg,Arishta-80 mg,Amraphalam-30 mg., Anti tussive& expectorant powder. Each gm containing,Sinhaparni-250 mg.,Bhargi-250 mg.,sangavera-250mg.,Divya.ext.100 mg,Trikana-10 mg,Sudha-30 mg,Arishta-80 mg,Amraphalam-30 mg., Anti tussive& expectorant powder. Each gm containing,Sinhaparni-250 mg.,Bhargi-250 mg.,sangavera- 250mg.,Divya.ext.100 mg,Trikana-10 mg,Sudha-30 mg,Arishta-80 mg,Amraphalam-30 mg., Ecbolic powder .Each 100 gm. Containing,Krishna-12.0 gm,Ushan-4.0 gm,Espand-5.0 gm., 'Raktangi-10. 0 gm.,Carvi-10 .0 gm.,Payashvini-5.0 gm.,Hattavilashini-3.0 gm.,Utpal- 4.0 gm.,'Yausahya-8.0 gm.,Gundra-5.0 gm.,Nakuli-5.0 gm.,Vanasoatri-2.0 gm.,Dhatripatra-4.0 gm.,Shakrapushpi-2.0 gm.,Tundkeshi-10 gm.Varuni-1.0 gm.,Paribhadra-6. 0 gm.,Naktamal- 4.0 gm.,, Ecbolic powder .Each 100 gm. Containing,Krishna-12.0 gm,Ushan-4.0 gm,Espand- 5.0 gm., 'Raktangi-10. 0 gm.,Carvi-10 .0 gm.,Payashvini-5.0 gm.,Hattavilashini-3.0 gm.,Utpal- 4.0 gm.,'Yausahya-8.0 gm.,Gundra-5.0 gm.,Nakuli-5.0 gm.,Vanasoatri-2.0 gm.,Dhatripatra-4.0 gm.,Shakrapushpi-2.0 gm.,Tundkeshi-10 gm.Varuni-1.0 gm.,Paribhadra-6. 0 gm.,Naktamal- 4.0 gm.,, Oestrus inducer Capsules. Each capsule containing-Mrigakshi-495 mg.,Dharmapattam-55 mg.,Vadehi-55 mg.,Sringaver-55 mg., Oestrus inducer Capsules. Each capsule containing,Shatapushpi-200 mg.,Sarashpa-200 mg.,Gajaram200 mg.,Koloji-200 mg.,Tutta-20 mg.,Shatavari-160 mg.,Chitraphala-20 mg., Oestrus inducer Capsules. Each capsule containing,Shatapushpi-200 mg.,Sarashpa-200 mg.,Gajaram200 mg.,Koloji-200

Page 120 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. mg.,Tutta-20 mg.,Shatavari-160 mg.,Chitraphala-20 mg., Uterine tonic Bolus Each bolus containing,Adhatoda vasica-1.10 gm.,Gossympium herbaceum-1.1gm.Lepidium sativum-0.85 gm.,Plumbagozeylanica-0.85 gm.,Gloriosa superba-0.85 gm.,Peganum harmala-0.50 gm.,, Cleasnsing draught for uterine infections ,each tablet containing, Rubia cordifolia-100 mg 'Leptadania reticulata-100 mg., Myrsh-50 mg.,AristolochiaBractata-75 mg.,harmala-75 mg., Oestrus inducer capsule Each capsule containing,Loha bhasma-50 mg.,Myrsh-50 mg,Rubia cordifolia-100mg, Aloes indica-75mg, Harmala-50 mg,Nigella sativa-75mg, Anti prolapse bolus Each bolus containing, Curcuma aromatica -400 mg,Hinglok-50 mg, Eletaria 'cardimum- 100mg,Trbhang bhasma-50 mg,Glycyrrhiza glabra-400 mg,Kaprardak bhasma-500 mg, Kashis bhasma-250 mg,Litsea chinensia-150 mg,Nardostachysjatamansi-150 mg,Rubia cardifolia-500 mg,Symplocos Racemosa-1000mg,Withania somnifera-250 mg Woodfordia floribunda-200 mg., Anti prolapse bolus Each bolus containing, Curcuma aromatica -400 mg,Hinglok-50 mg, Eletaria 'cardimum-100mg,Trbhang bhasma-50 mg,Glycyrrhiza glabra-400 mg,Kaprardak bhasma-500 mg, Kashis bhasma-250 mg,Litsea chinensia-150 mg,Nardostachysjatamansi-150 mg,Rubia cardifolia-500 mg,Symplocos Racemosa- 1000mg,Withania somnifera-250 mg Woodfordia floribunda-200 mg., Each capsule containg Balant shepa 715mg, Gajar beej 715mg, Kalongi 715mg, Mohari 177mg,Shivlingi 178mg, Each 10 ml contains Harmal 80mg,Mangistha 80mg, Chitrak 80mg, Tundkeshi 80mgs, Dhavan8i 80mgs, Madhushrava 80mgs, Nandihingu 80mgs, Talisptra 63mgs,Kuberakshi 63mg, Nandini 60mg,Musabbar 50mg,Kola 50mg, Tripadika 30mg,Pushkar 60mg,kalshi 25mg,Salparni 18mg,Kuravind 18mg,Trikant 12.5mg,Mrugadini 12.5mg,Sindhuvar 12.5mg,Kharmanjari 12.5mg, Eshwari 60mg, Anti inflamatory and antiseptic gel each 100 gms containing Tila taila 280 mg, naktamala 'mg,Ravipriya taila-137.5 mg.,Vatari-22.5 mg.,Madhuchista-67.5 mg.,Neelangi-10 mg.,Rajani 'Devakusum patra-50 mg.,Vrikshaha patra -30 mg.,Gandhagatha patra -20 mg., Chitak stupa patra .-50 mg.,Himavaluka-1.0 mg., Skin ointment containing Indradaru ka tail-1.5 gr.Tiritak 1.5 kg with base, Skin ointment containing Indradaru ka tail-1.5 gr.Tiritak 1.5 kg with base, Skin ointment containing Indradaru ka tail-1.5 gr.Tiritak 1.5 kg with base, Each 10 ml. contains pinus logifolia 1.5 g. eucaliptus 1.25 grms. Cedrus Deocara-1.1, Containing Carcuma amada 10%, Rhamnus wight 6%, Alumen 6%, S Beres 6%, Acacia catachu 6%, Plumbioxidum 6%, Sod Chloride impura 6%, Carcuma longa 6%, Bosvalia glabra 6%, pinus deodur 6%, Boerhaavia diffusa 6%, Camphora officinaraium 10%, Solicate Magnesia 60%, Silicte of alumina 60%, sesamum idicum oleo 150%, Ghrutham 52%, Petrolium jelly qs, Containing Carcuma amada 10%, Rhamnus wight 6%, Alumen 6%, S Beres 6%, Acacia catachu 6%, Plumbioxidum 6%, Sod Chloride impura 6%, Carcuma longa 6%, Bosvalia glabra 6%, pinus deodur 6%, Boerhaavia diffusa 6%, Camphora officinaraium 10%, Solicate Magnesia 60%, Silicte of alumina 60%, sesamum idicum oleo 150%, Ghrutham 52%, Petrolium jelly qs, Containing Carcuma amada 10%, Rhamnus wight 6%, Alumen 6%, S Beres 6%, Acacia catachu 6%, Plumbioxidum 6%, Sod Chloride impura 6%, Carcuma longa 6%, Bosvalia glabra 6%, pinus deodur 6%, Boerhaavia diffusa 6%, Camphora officinaraium 10%, Solicate Magnesia 60%, Silicte of alumina 60%, sesamum idicum oleo 150%, Ghrutham

Page 121 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 52%, Petrolium jelly qs, Each 100 gm contains Pinus longifolia 272 gm, Pongamia glabra 100gms, Excipients qs, Each 100 gm contains Pinus longifolia 272 gm, Pongamia glabra 100gms, Excipients qs, Each 10 gms contains(in gms) Indrudaru 5, Madhushith 1.5, Absorption base qs, Each 10 gms contains(in gms) Indrudaru 5, Madhushith 1.5, Absorption base qs, Each 10 gms contains(in gms) Indrudaru 5, Madhushith 1.5, Absorption base qs, Each 100 gm contains Ocimum sanctum 25 gms, Cymbopogon citrates 20gm, Andropogan nardus 12gms Preservatives 1.5 gms and Cream base qs, Each 100 gm contains Ocimum sanctum 25 gms, Cymbopogon citrates 20gm, Andropogan nardus 12gms Preservatives 1.5 gms and Cream base qs, Each bolus contains Javanti 0.665gm,Shatavari 0.625gm,Aswgandha 0.625gm,Nala 0.625gm,Patha 0.504gm,Shantapushpa 0.416gm,Bringaraja 0.624gm,Kakamachi 0.416gm, Each bolus contains Javanti 0.665gm,Shatavari 0.625gm,Aswgandha 0.625gm,Nala 0.625gm,Patha 0.504gm,Shantapushpa 0.416gm,Bringaraja 0.624gm,Kakamachi 0.416gm, Each tabs contains Leptadania reticulata(Jivanti) 150mg,Breynia patens 150mg, Base qs , Each bolus contains Ashwagandha 1250mg,Jatamansi 500mg,Narayani 500mg, Jivanti 1750mg, Base qs, Each capsule containing Awalkathi 155mg, Behada 155mg,Hirda 155mg, Latakaranj 52mg, Kunchala 52mg, Garambi 52mg, Kukkutnakhi 104mg, Morchud 25mg,Kanchanarasal 25mg, Guggal 25mg, Each 10gms contains Warding 2.325gm,Mohari 2.325gm,Palasa beej 2.325,Kalejire 0.930gm,Sonamukhi 0.930gm, Kirmaniowa 0.930gms, Morchud 0.235gm, Each 5 gms bolus containing Leptadenia reticulata 2gms,Asparagus racemosus 1gms,Withania somnifera 1gm,Excpients q.s, Each 10ml contains Ocimum sanctum 25gm, Withania Somnifera 20gms, Tinospora cordifolia 15gm, Emblica officinalis 10gm, PuerRIA RUBEROSE 10GMS, Magnifera indica 4gm,Shilajith 1gm , Each 10ml contains Ocimum sanctum 25gm, Withania Somnifera 20gms, Tinospora cordifolia 15gm, Emblica officinalis 10gm, PuerRIA RUBEROSE 10GMS, Magnifera indica 4gm,Shilajith 1gm , Each 10 gms contains(in gms) Parjanya 1.5, Nishakhya 3.5, Kilim oil 1.4, Trikatu 0.5, Each 10 gms contains(in gms) Parjanya 1.5, Nishakhya 3.5, Kilim oil 1.4, Trikatu 0.6, Each 100gm contains Terminalia bellarica 33.5gm, Terminalia chebula 33.5gm, Emblica offianalis 33gm, Ajemada 4.20, Ashwagandha 2.50, Amrutha 4.15, Bilvam 2.50, Amalaki 8.35,Vibhitaki 8.35, Abhaya 8.35, Nagara 4.20, Krishnajeeraka 2.50, Katuki 0.85, Lavangaha 3.35, ooshana 4.20, Methika 2.50, Palandu 1.65, Rosona 3.35, Sharshapa 1.65, Shatapushpa 4.20, Shetavari 8.35, Shotagni 1.65, Nisha 5.0, Vidanga 1.65, Malatika 1.65, Pippuli 0.65, Bhumlyamlaki 3.35, Bhrungaraja 2.50, Bidalavana 8.35 , Ajemada 4.20, Ashwagandha 2.50, Amrutha 4.15, Bilvam 2.50, Amalaki 8.35,Vibhitaki 8.35, Abhaya 8.35, Nagara 4.20, Krishnajeeraka 2.50, Katuki 0.85, Lavangaha 3.35, ooshana 4.20, Methika 2.50, Palandu 1.65, Rosona 3.35, Sharshapa 1.65, Shatapushpa 4.20, Shetavari 8.35, Shotagni 1.65, Nisha 5.0, Vidanga 1.65, Malatika 1.65, Pippuli 0.65, Bhumlyamlaki 3.35, Bhrungaraja 2.50, Bidalavana 8.35 , Each 10 gms contains Wavding 2.325 g, Kale Jire 0.930 g, Mohari 2.325 g, Sonamukhi 0.930 g, Palasbeej 2.325 g, Kirmani Owa 0.930 g, Morchud 0.235 g Each 10 gms contains Gokharu 1.667 g, Gorakhmundi 1.667 g, Ishwarimul 1.667 g., Awalkathi 1,000 g, Behada 1.000 g,

Page 122 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Hirda 1.000 g, Shatawari 0.667g, Ashwagandha 0.666 g., Kalongi 0.666 g. Each 800mg. Capsule contains Balant Shepa 229 mg. Gajar Beej 229 mg. Kalongi 229. mg. Mahari 56 mg. , Shivlingi 57 mg. , Each 10 gms contains Poongavi 1.500 gm, Berberis Aristata 1.500 gm, Holarrhena Antidysenterica 1.000 gm, Tinospora Cordifolia 1.000 gm, Panchalavanam 0.250 gm, Padikaram 1.000 gm, Annabedi 0.500 gm, Cyperus Rotundus 1.500 gm, Casu Catti 1.000 gm, Valali , Each 10 gms contains Poongavi 1.500 gm, Berberis Aristata 1.500 gm, Holarrhena Antidysenterica 1.000 gm, Tinospora Cordifolia 1.000 gm, Panchalavanam 0.250 gm, Padikaram 1.000 gm, Annabedi 0.500 gm, Cyperus Rotundus 1.500 gm, Casu Catti 1.000 gm, Valali , Each 10 gm. contains Panchalavanam 5.300 gm, Zingiber Officinale 0.600 gm, Embelia Ribes 0.450 gm, Ajowan 0.450 gm, Emblica Officinalis 0.600 gm, Cassia Angustifolia 0.300 gm, Swertia Chirata 0.450 gm, Annabethi 0.450 gm, Shilajeet 0.450 gm, Sparagus Racemosus 0.300 gm, Eclipata Prostrata 0.350 gm. Bamboo Manna 0.300 gm., Each 10 gm contains Adhatoda Vasika 1.000 gm, Flacourtia Cataprracta 1.000 gm, Piper Longum 1.000 gm, Elettaria Cardamomum 1.000 gm, Laurus Cassia 1.000 gm, Alpinia Calanga 0.500 gm, Poongkarpuram 0.500 gm, Glycyrrhiza Glabra 0.750 gm, Solanum Xantho Carpuram 0.750 gm, Solanum Trilobatum 1.000 gm, Panchalavanam 0.750 gm, Phus Succedanea 0.750 gm, , Each 10 gm contains Yellw Opriment 0.025 gm, Semicarpous Anacardiam 0.100 gm, Sesame Oil 2.500 gm, Pungam Oil 3.500 gm, Neem Oil 2.500 gm, Bees Wax (Base) 1.375 ;gm., Each 10 gm contains Tephrosia Purpurea 1.750 gm, Andrographis Paniculata 0.750 gm, Eclipta Alba 1.250 gm, Terminalia Chebula 1.250 gm, Panchalavanam 1.250 gm, Capparis Spinosa 0.750 gm, Solanum Nigrum 0.750 gm, Cichorium Intybus 0.750 gm, Achillea Millefolium 0.750 gm, Mundura Bhashma 0.750 gm,, Each 10 gm contains Trichosanthes Cucumerina 0.750 gm, Cocculus Cordifolius 0.750 gm, Evolvulus Alsinoids 0.500 gm, Indigofera Tinctoria 0.500 gm, Andrographis Paniculaa 0.750 gm Coeus Vettiveroides 0.500 gm, Enivostemma Litto Rale 0.500 gm, Santalum Allbum 0.500 gm, Cyperus Rotundus 0.500 gm, Mollugo Cerviana 0.750 gm, Zingiber Officinale 0.500 gm, Pie Rorhiza Kurrua 0.500 gm, Piper Nigrum 0.500 gm, Panchlavanam 2.500 gm., Each 10 gm contains Butea Frondosa 0.500 gm, Embelia Ribes 0.500 gm, Aristolochia Bracteata 1.500 gm, Vernonia Anthelmintica 1.000 gm, Ipomoea Turpethum 0.250 gm, Pimpinella Anisum 1.000 gm, Nigella Sativa 0.750 gm, Carum Roxburghianum 1.000 gm, Cassia Ancelolate 0.750 gm, Panchalavanam 2.000 gm, Helleborus Niger 0.750 gm, Manapagu Q.S., Each 10 gm contains Impomoea Digitata 0.750 gm, Asparagus Racemosus 1.000 gm, Leptadenia Reticulata 0.750 gm, Glycyrrhiza Glabra 0.500 gm, Piper Longum 0.500 gm, Bamboo Manna 0.500 gm Dolichose Biflorus 1.000 gm, Amaranthus Spinouses 0.500 gm, Silojathu 1.000 gm, Panchalavam 2.500 gm, Annabedhi 0.500 gm, Orilai Thammarai 0.500 gm., Each 10 gm contains Mollogo Cerviana 1.000 gm, Peueedanum 1.000 gm, Aristolochia Bracteata 1.500 gm, Dolichos Biplorus 1.000 gm, Nigella Sativa 0.500 gm, Asafoetida 0.500 gm, Anna Bedi 0.500 gm, Nutgrasstubers 0.500 gm, Carica Papaya 1.200 gm, Rubia Cordifolia 0.250 gm, Panchalavanam 2.050 gm., Each 10 gm contains Tribulus, Terrestris 0.500 gm, Aloe Barcbadens 0.500 gm, Lothra 1.000 gm, Dolichos Biflorus 1.000 gm, Sila Jathu 0.500 gm,

Page 123 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Amaranthus Spinosus 0.500 gm, Panchalavanam 2.500 gm. Leptadenia Reticulata 1.000 gm, Asoka 1.000 gm, Ayachenduram 0.500 gm, Blue Vitriol Purified 0.500 gm, Eclipta Prostrata 0.500 gm., Each 10 gm contains Twitharia Somnifra 2.250 gm, Shorea Robusta 0.500 gm, Hemidesmus Sarasa Parilla 0.750 gm, Rubia Cordifolia 0.750 gm, Ganda Pura 0.750 gm, Seasame Oil 2.000 gm, Bees Wax 3.000 gm., Each 10 gm contains Asafoetida 1.000 gm Trachelospermum 1.000 gm, Zingiber Officinae 1.250 gm Elettaria Cardamomum 0.750 gm, Poongavi 1.000 gm, Piper Nigrum 0.750 gm, Embelia Ribes 1.250 gm, Cassia Lanceolata 1.250 gm, Acorus Calamus 0.750 gm, Panchalavanam 1.000 gm., Antiseptic Antinflammatory Analgesic Healing Ointment contains Deodara 1gm, Ashwagandha 1 gm, Ambehaladi 1 gm, Sphtikari 1 gm, Lobhan 0.4 gm, Karpur 0.4 gm, Shankhajire 6 gm, Karanj Tail 10 gm, Snehapal Tail 30 gm, Petrolium Jelly q.s, Antiseptic Antinflammatory Analgesic Healing Ointment contains Deodara 1gm, Ashwagandha 1 gm, Ambehaladi 1 gm, Sphtikari 1 gm, Lobhan 0.4 gm, Karpur 0.4 gm, Shankhajire 6 gm, Karanj Tail 10 gm, Snehapal Tail 30 gm, Petrolium Jelly q.s, Antiseptic Antinflammatory Analgesic Healing Ointment contains Deodara 1gm, Ashwagandha 1 gm, Ambehaladi 1 gm, Sphtikari 1 gm, Lobhan 0.4 gm, Karpur 0.4 gm, Shankhajire 6 gm, Karanj Tail 10 gm, Snehapal Tail 30 gm, Petrolium Jelly q.s, Each 10 ml contains Harmal 80mg,Mangistha 80mg, Chitrak 80mg, Tundkeshi 80mgs, Dhavan8i 80mgs, Madhushrava 80mgs, Nandihingu 80mgs, Talisptra 63mgs,Kuberakshi 63mg, Nandini 60mg,Musabbar 50mg,Kola 50mg, Tripadika 30mg,Pushkar 60mg,kalshi 25mg,Salparni 18mg,Kuravind 18mg,Trikant 12.5mg,Mrugadini 12.5mg,Sindhuvar 12.5mg,Kharmanjari 12.5mg, Eshwari 60mg, Each 10 ml contains Harmal 80mg,Mangistha 80mg, Chitrak 80mg, Tundkeshi 80mgs, Dhavan8i 80mgs, Madhushrava 80mgs, Nandihingu 80mgs, Talisptra 63mgs,Kuberakshi 63mg, Nandini 60mg,Musabbar 50mg,Kola 50mg, Tripadika 30mg,Pushkar 60mg,kalshi 25mg,Salparni 18mg,Kuravind 18mg,Trikant 12.5mg,Mrugadini 12.5mg,Sindhuvar 12.5mg,Kharmanjari 12.5mg, Eshwari 60mg, Each capsul contains Mrigakshi 495mg, Dharmpattan 55mg, Vadehi 55mg, Sringaver 55mg, , Appetite stimulant and health tonic with nervine digestive stimulation. Each 100 gms contains Swertia chirata 5 gms, Operculina turpethum 5 gms, Centratherum anthelminticum 5 gms, Tachyspermum ammi linn 5 gms, Emblica officinalis 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Aegle marmelos 5 gms, Kuchla 5 gms, Zinziber officinale 4 gms, Foeniculum vulgare mill 4 gms, Piper nigrum 5 gms, Halleborus niger 5 gms, Sodium Bicarbonate 6 gms, Black Salt 5 gms, Ferrous Sulphate 0.5 gm, Copper Sulphate 0.5 gm, Sodium Chloride 25.0 gms. , Appetite stimulant and health tonic with nervine digestive stimulation. Each 100 gms contains Swertia chirata 5 gms, Operculina turpethum 5 gms, Centratherum anthelminticum 5 gms, Tachyspermum ammi linn 5 gms, Emblica officinalis 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Aegle marmelos 5 gms, Kuchla 5 gms, Zinziber officinale 4 gms, Foeniculum vulgare mill 4 gms, Piper nigrum 5 gms, Halleborus niger 5 gms, Sodium Bicarbonate 6 gms, Black Salt 5 gms, Ferrous Sulphate 0.5 gm, Copper Sulphate 0.5 gm, Sodium Chloride 25.0 gms. , Appetite stimulant and health tonic with nervine digestive stimulation. Each 100 gms contains Swertia chirata 5 gms, Operculina turpethum 5 gms,

Page 124 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Centratherum anthelminticum 5 gms, Tachyspermum ammi linn 5 gms, Emblica officinalis 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Aegle marmelos 5 gms, Kuchla 5 gms, Zinziber officinale 4 gms, Foeniculum vulgare mill 4 gms, Piper nigrum 5 gms, Halleborus niger 5 gms, Sodium Bicarbonate 6 gms, Black Salt 5 gms, Ferrous Sulphate 0.5 gm, Copper Sulphate 0.5 gm, Sodium Chloride 25.0 gms. , Appetite stimulant and health tonic with nervine digestive stimulation. Each 100 gms contains Swertia chirata 5 gms, Operculina turpethum 5 gms, Centratherum anthelminticum 5 gms, Tachyspermum ammi linn 5 gms, Emblica officinalis 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Terminalia belerica 5 gms, Aegle marmelos 5 gms, Kuchla 5 gms, Zinziber officinale 4 gms, Foeniculum vulgare mill 4 gms, Piper nigrum 5 gms, Halleborus niger 5 gms, Sodium Bicarbonate 6 gms, Black Salt 5 gms, Ferrous Sulphate 0.5 gm, Copper Sulphate 0.5 gm, Sodium Chloride 25.0 gms. , Multiaction Inratuminal Probiotic Antibloat each 100 ml contains Mallotus philippensis 1.5 gms, Ferula asafoetida 1.0 gm, Sulpher Sublimatum 0.5 gm, Oleum pinus roxburghii 48.0 ml, Oleum lin um usitatissimim q.s, Appetite Stimulant and Digestive Tonic each 10 gm contains Haridra 0.2 gm, Adrak 1.0 gm, Kulki 0.3 gm, Hingot 0.5 gm, Ajwain 0.5 gm, Haritaki 0.5 gm, Bahera 0.5 gm, Kupilu 0.5 gm, Rasun 0.5 gm, Bach 0.2 gm, Vavding 0.2 gm, Guggula 0.2 gm, Kalimirchi 0.1 gm, Pipal 0.1 gm, Dhal-pushp 0.4 gm, Chiraita 0.4 gm, Nim Patra 0.5 gm, Amla 0.5 gm, Dikamali 0.2 gm, Methika 0.5 gm, Hingu 0.04 gm, Kall-jiri 0.5 gm, Arka 0.08 gm, Giloe 0.1 gm, Bhangra 0.5 gm, Hara-Kasis 0.2 gm, Navasara 0.2 gm, Namak 0.3 gm, Tutia 0.05 gm, Kala Namak 0.2 gm, Excipients q.s., Broad Spectrum Antiseptic Fly Repellent Gel Composition Azadirachta indica 14.04 gm, Nerium indium 14.04 gm, Tagetes eracta 14.04 gm, Curcuma longa 15.79 gm, Brassica campestris 39.00 gm, Cedrus deodars 50.00 gm, Gel base q.s. 100 gm., Broad Spectrum Antiseptic Fly Repellent Gel Composition Azadirachta indica 14.04 gm, Nerium indium 14.04 gm, Tagetes eracta 14.04 gm, Curcuma longa 15.79 gm, Brassica campestris 39.00 gm, Cedrus deodars 50.00 gm, Gel base q.s. 100 gm., Liquid Containing the complete Uterine Medicine Enriched with Copper and Iron Composition each 10 ml contains exgtract of Desmodium gangeticum 250 mg, Uraria picta 250 mg, Saraca indica linn 250 mg, Aegle marmelos 250 mg, Solanum xanthocarpum 250 mg, Solanum indicum 250 mg, Gmelina arborea 250 mg, Tribulus terrestris 250 mg, Stereospermum suaveolens 250 mg, Clerodendrum phlomidis 250 mg, Aloe barbadensis 250 mg, Sodium tetrabortate 50 mg, Ferrous Sulphate 50 mg, Copper Sulphate 25 mg., Liquid Containing the complete Uterine Medicine Enriched with Copper and Iron Composition each 10 ml contains exgtract of Desmodium gangeticum 250 mg, Uraria picta 250 mg, Saraca indica linn 250 mg, Aegle marmelos 250 mg, Solanum xanthocarpum 250 mg, Solanum indicum 250 mg, Gmelina arborea 250 mg, Tribulus terrestris 250 mg, Stereospermum suaveolens 250 mg, Clerodendrum phlomidis 250 mg, Aloe barbadensis 250 mg, Sodium tetrabortate 50 mg, Ferrous Sulphate 50 mg, Copper Sulphate 25 mg., Capsules Heat Inducer and Conception Promoter composition Semicarpus anacardium 930 mg, Syzygium aromaticum 45 mg, Abrus precatorius 25 mg., Bolus Natural Galactagogue for White Revolution Composition each 5 gm contains Gum acacia nilotica indica 0.71 gm, Leptadenia reticulate 1.43 gm, Asparagus

Page 125 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. racemosus 1.43 gm, Portulaca tuberosa 1.43 gm., A Natural Dual Action Prolapse Medicine composition each 5 gm contains Quercus infectoria oliv 1 gm, Symplocos peniculata 1 gm, Chuni gond 1 gm, Aluminum sulphate 1 gm, Acacia nilotica indica 1 gm.`, A Natural Dual Action Prolapse Medicine composition each 5 gm contains Quercus infectoria oliv 1 gm, Symplocos peniculata 1 gm, Chuni gond 1 gm, Aluminum sulphate 1 gm, Acacia nilotica indica 1 gm.`, Herbal Liver Formula with Antistress property for livestock and poultry Composition Achyranthes aspera, Embelica Officinalis, With a, Fortified procain penicllin inj I.P. 'Comp.Each vial contains procain penicillin I.P. 30 Lakhs I.U. & Penicillin -G Sodium I. P. 10 Lakh I.U., Strepto Pencillin Inj Veterinary Comp ; Each vial contains Streptomycin Sulphate IP Equivalent to Streptomycin 2.5gms, Procaine Pencillin IP 15Lakhs I.U and Benzyl Pencillin sodium Ip 5Lakhs Iul, Benzothine penicillin ing.,containing 24 lakh units, Benzothine penicillin ing.,containing 48 lakh units, Each 5 gm vial contains Procaine Penicillin IP (Vet) 30,00,000 units, Penicillin G.sodium, I.P. (vet) 10,00,000 units, Streptomycin sulphate IP (vet) Eq to 5 gm Sreptomycin base, Each 5g disposable syringe contains Azithromycin Dihydrate IP Eq. to Azithromycin 300 mg, Neomycin Sulphate IP Eq. to Neomycin 250 mg base eq., Streptomycin sulphate inj., 1 gm., Amikacin sulphate inj. Each ml. Containing 250 mg., Cephalaxin powder containing Cephalaxin IP 7.5% W/W, Doxycycline Powder,each gm contng.Doxycycline HCLIP 100mg. , Oxytetracycline Liquid (Sterile not for inj) 50mg/ml Comp; Each Ml contains Oxytetracyline HCL Ip 50mg, Oxytetracycline Liquid (Sterile not for inj) 50mg/ml Comp; Each Ml contains Oxytetracyline HCL Ip 50mg, Oxytetracycline Liquid (Sterile not for inj) 50mg/ml Comp; Each Ml contains Oxytetracyline HCL Ip 50mg, Oxytetrracycline Inj IP 50mg/ml Comp;Each Ml contains Oxytetracycline IP 50mg, Oxytetrracycline Inj IP1250mg/ml Comp;Each Ml contains Oxytetracycline IP125mg, Oxytetracycline dihydrate LA inj. Each ml. Containing 200 mg. , Oxytetracycline dihydrate LA inj. Each ml. Containing 200 mg. , Oxytetracycline dihydrate LA inj. Each ml. Containing 200 mg. , Oxytetracycline Bolus Containing Oxytetracycline HCL 500 mg. , Ampicillin inj., as ampicillin sod. IP 1000 mg., Ampicillin inj., as ampicillin sod. IP 2000 mg., Ampicillin inj., as ampicillin sod. IP 2500 mg., Amoxicillin & cloxacillin inj. Each 250 mg., Amoxicillin & cloxacillin inj. Each 1 gm., Amoxicillin & cloxacillin inj. Each 1.25 gm, Amoxicillin & cloxacillin inj. Each 1.5 gm., Amoxicillin & cloxacillin inj. Each2 gm., Enro floxacin inj., each ml containing 100 mg of enrofloxacin , Each Vial contains ceftifur sodium sterile powder equit ceftiofur 1gm, Enro floxacin inj., each ml containing 100 mg of enrofloxacin, Enro floxacin inj., each ml containing 100 mg of enrofloxacin, Enrofloxacillin in each ml contain 100 mg, Each ml contains Enrofloxacin 200 mg, Benzyl Alcohol (as preservative) I.P 1.5 % w/v, Water for injection I.P. Q.S. Excipients Potassium Hydroxide I.P., Soluphor P, Sodium, Metabisulphite I.P. Disodium EDTA I.P. , Each ml contains Enrofloxacin 200 mg, Benzyl Alcohol (as preservative) I.P 1.5 % w/v, Water for injection I.P. Q.S. Excipients Potassium Hydroxide I.P., Soluphor P, Sodium, Metabisulphite I.P. Disodium EDTA I.P. , Enrofloxacillin oral solution 10 % each ml. Contains Enrofloxacin 100 mg., Enrofloxacillin oral solution 10 % each ml. Contains Enrofloxacin 100 mg., Each ml contains 25 mg Cefquinome, Each ml contains Epinomectin 0.5 % w/v , Each

Page 126 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. bolus contains Quercus infectoria 20 mg, Cissampelos pareiro 10 mg, Curcuna Longa, 50 mg, Nentha piperita 100 mg, Tankan kshar 100 mg , Each ml contains Enrofloxacin BP (Vet 100 mg, Benzyl Alcohol IP 1985 (as per the preservative) 20 mg, Water for injection IP Q.S. , Each ml contains Flunixin Meglumine USP 83 mg, equivalent to Flunixin 50 mg, Phenol IP 0.5% w/v (as preservative), Water for injection IP q.s., Each ml contains Ivermectin IP 10 mg, Clorsulon USP 100 mg, Propylene glycol QS , Each ml contains Ivermetin IP 31.5 mg, Benzyl alcohol IP 15 mg (as preservatice), Propylene glycol IP Q.S., Each gm contains Cephalexin IP eq to Anhydrous Cephalexin 7.5 % w/w, Each syringe contains 500 mg Cephapirin, Each ml contains 40 mg Tolfinamic acid, Each ml contains amoxicilln sodium 250 mg diclocloxacillim sodium USP 1250 mg, Each ml contains amoxicilln sodium 2000 mg diclocloxacillim sodium USP 2000 mg, Each ml contains ampicilln sodium 2.0 mg diclocloxacillim sodium 2.0gm, Each ml contains 125 mg of ceftiofur , Each ml contains Ketoprofel USP 100 mg, Each ml contains Ketoprofel USP 100 mg, Each ml contains cefoperazyle 3 gm, sulbactum 1.5gm, Each ml contains amoxicllin sodium 2 gm sulbactum sodium 1 gm, Each ml contains isometamidium chloride hydrochloride 250 mg with WFI, Chloramphenical sod. Succinate inj., Each vial containing Chloramphenical sod. Succinate 1 gm. , Chloramphenical sod. Succinate inj., 'Each ml containing Chloramphenical sod. Succinate 150 mg/ml , Doxycycline HCL with neomycin sulphate soluble powder Each gm.Containing Doxycycline HCL100mg.&Neomycin100mg., Sulphadimidine Tablets IP (vet) 5 Gms Comp; Each tablet contains Sulphadimidine IP 5gms, Sulphadimidine inj IP 33.33% W/v Comp; Sulphadimidine IP 33.33% W/v, Sulphamethoxazole & Trimethoprim Inj Comp; Each ml contains Trimethiprim ip 80 mg Sulphamethoxazole Ip 400 mg, Sulphadiazine& trimethoprim bolus each bolus containing, sulphadiazine IP 1000 mg. Trimethoprim IP 200 mg., Sulphadiazine& trimethoprim bolus each bolus containing, sulphadiazine IP 2000 mg. Trimethoprim IP 400 mg. Cotrimizine tab BP Vet, Sulphadiazine& trimethoprim inj. each ml containing, sulphadiazine BP vet 200 mg., Trimethoprim Bpvet 40 mg., Biotrim Injection IM (Synergistic Bacterial Contrimazine) Each ml contains sulphadiazine, B.P(Vet) 400 mg, Trimethoprim BP 80 mg Methylparaben IP- 0.1% w/v, Propylparaben IP-0.002% w/v, Ampicillin Sodium & Cloxacillin Sodium inj.,Each vial containing Ampicillin sod. IP 500 mg. And Cloxacillin sod. IP 500 mg., Ampicillin Sodium & Cloxacillin Sodium inj.,Each vial containing Ampicillin sod. IP 1000 mg. And Cloxacillin sod. IP 1000 mg., Ampicillin Sodium & Cloxacillin Sodium inj.,Each vial containing Ampicillin sod. IP 1500 mg. And Cloxacillin sod. IP 1500 mg., Gentamicin inj 40 mg/ml 'comp. Each ml. contains gentamycin sulphate IP eqvivalent to gentamicine 40 mg, Gentamicin inj 40 mg/ml 'comp. Each ml. contains gentamycin sulphate IP eqvivalent to gentamicine 40 mg, Amikacin sulphate inj., 'Each ml providing 250 mg of Amikacin sulphate, Amikacin sulphate inj., 'Each ml providing 250 mg of Amikacin sulphate, Chlorimphenicol inj.Each ml containing Chlorimphenicol 100 mg, Trimethoprim&Sulphadoxine Inj. BP (vet) Comp; Each ml contains sulphadoxine IP 200 mg, and Trimethoprim IP 40 mg, Sulfa dimidine sodium inj. , Sulfa dimidine bolus containing Sulfadimidine Bvet C 5 gm., Tetracycline HCL Bolus Each bolus containing Tetracycline HCL IP 1000 mg., Tetracycline HCL Bolus Each bolus containing

Page 127 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Tetracycline HCL IP 500 mg., Metranidazole bolus each bolus containing Metronidasole IP 1000 mg., Furazolidone IP 500 mg.,and LoperamideHydrochloride USP 7.5 mg., Each bolus containing Ciphalexin IP Equi to anhydrous Ciphalexin 1.5gms, Each bolus containing Trimithoprime 0.2gms,Sulphamethoxazole 1.0gm, Each ml containing Oxytetracycline HCl IP 100mg Inj., Each ml containing Rafoxanide BP Vet 3%w/v Inj., Each uncoated bolus containing Pefloxacin 1gm as Pefloxacin Mesylate Dihydrate color Titanium dioxide, Trimithoprim-250mg, Sulphamthoxazole 1250mg, Trimithoprim-400mg, Sulphamthoxazole 2000mg, Each bolus contains Neomycin sulphate 500mg B.P (Vet) equivalent Neomycin base 350 mg , Each ml contains Neomycin sulphate B.P (Vet) equivalent Neomycin base 140 mg , Each ml contains Neomycin sulphate B.P (Vet) equivalent Neomycin base 140 mg , Each ml contains Enrofloxacin 100mg Benzyl alcohol IP 1.55 v/v Water for inj IP, Each bolus containing Tetracycline HCL IP 500mg , Each bolus contains Metronodazole IP 1000mg,Nitrfurazone IP 60mg, Urea IP 5mg, Each bolus contains Nitrofurazone IP-60MG, Metonidazole IP-100 mg, Urea IP-6 gm, Povidone Iodine IP - 60 mg, Exipients Q.S., Each ml contains Ceftiofur crystalline free acid, 200 mg per ml , Ceftriaxone 1000mg, Ceftriaxone 2000mg, Ceftriaxone 3000mg, Gentamicin sulphate IP equ to 01% W/w Gentamycin base, Each blus contains Haloquinol 1.5gm,, Ceftiofur Sodium 1 gm , Each Ml contains Ciprofloxacin Hcl 125 mg and Tinidazole 150mg, Each vial contains ceftiofur Sodium powder, Each vial contains ceftiofur Sodium powder, Each vial contains ceftiofur Sodium powder, Each ml contains 40gms of Ciprofloxacin, Each ml contains 40gms of Ciprofloxacin, Each bolus contains Ciprofloxacin HCL IP 1500mg and Tinidazole IP 1800 mg , Composition Each 3.5 g pre-filled syringe contains Cefuroxime sodium equivalent to Cefuroxime 250 mg (intranammary infusion), Spray solution containing Iodin, Sarbital and Glysrine , Colistyin sulphate, Intra mammery infusion with cloxacillin - eqvivalent to colistin 5 lakh IU., and cloxacillin sodium -eqvivalent to cloxacillin base 200 mg with excipients Q.S., Procain penicillin'Intramammery Infusion Containing, Procain penicillin G 1 lakh units Streptomycin Sulphate IP 100 mg, Sulphamerazine BP vet. 500 mg.,Hydrocartisone 20 mg.,, Triamcinolone acetonide , Each ml containing 6mg. /ml , Intramammery Infusion Containing,Cloxacilin sod.IP Equivalent to Cloxacillin 200 mg,Ampicillin Sod IP.equivalent to Ampicillin 75 mg., Ampicillin Sodium & Cloxacillin Sodium Each 5ml infusion tube/syringe containing Ampicillin sodium IP equivalent to Ampicillin 75 mg.cloxacillin Sodium IP equivalent to Cloxacillin 200mg, Cefquinome intramammery infusion tubes. Each tube containing 75 mg.of Cefquinome with accessaries., Cefquinome intramammery infusion tubes. Each tube containing 75 mg.of Cefquinome with accessaries., Each application comprises One Implant, containg 3.3 mg Norgestomet for S/C implantation in the ear 2 ml Injection, containing 3 mg of Norgestomet & 5 mg of Oestradiol Varlerate for IM, Povidone iodine 5%, metronidazole 1% , Povidone iodine 5%, metronidazole 1% , Cephalexin 100mg, Neomycin sulphate 100mg, Prednisolone 10mg, n-Propanol 50 %, 2-Propanol 25%, Berizalkonium Chloride Solution I.P. 0.5 %, Emollients Q.S. , n-Propanol 50 %, 2-Propanol 25%, Berizalkonium Chloride Solution I.P. 0.5 %, Emollients Q.S. , Disinfectant for teat dip & udder wash Benzalkonium Chloride Soln IP 50%

Page 128 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. v/v Chlorhexidine Gluconate Soln IP 5% v/v Inert ingredients q/s., Analgin USSRP (Each ml. Containing analgin 0.5 gm.), Dicyclomine inj.,Each ml containing Dicyclomine HCL IP 10 mg., and Diclofenac sod. IP 25 mg., Sodium salicylate.inj., Each ml containingsodium salicylateBP. Vet 100 mg.,and Phenol IP. ).5 mg. as preservative , Anti inflamatery inj. Each ml Containing Phenylbutazone IP150 mg., 'Analgin IP 150 mg.,Lignocain Hcl IP10 mg. , Meloxicam inj.Each ml ContainingMeloxicam BP 5mg. , Meloxicam inj.Each ml ContainingMeloxicam BP 5mg. , Each bolus containing paracetamol 1.5gms and analginIP 1.50gms, Each ml containing phenylbutazone BP 200 mg Sodium Salicylate BP 20 mg, Each ml contains Paracetomol BP Vet 150mg, Benzyl alcohol IP 2%V/V aqueous base q.s, Closantel 1000mg , Each ml contains Paracetomol IP 75mg, Amino nitrogen 0.15mg, as choline chloride bennzyl alcohol 1.5%, Lignocaine HCL IP 21.33 mg , Each Bolus contains Meloxicam 100 mg, Each ml contains Ketoprofen USP 100mg , Atropine inj. Each ml containing Atropine sulphate 0.5 mg./ml , Frusemide inj. Each ml containing Frusumide 50 mg. , Dicyclomin inj. Dicyclomine HCL IP 10 mg.+benzyl alcohol 2%w/v., Quinapyramine inj., each vial containing quinapyramine sulphate Bvet C1.5 gm.,, Xylazine inj USP CompEach ml. Contains Xylazine Hcl. USP Equivalent to Xylazine 20 mg. Chlorocresol IP 0.1% W/Veterinary (as preservative), Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate inj USP 10 mg/ml CompEach ml. Contains Predinisolone Sod. Sulphate USP equivalent to Predinisolone 10 mg , Dexamethasone sodium phosphate inj. IP 4 mg/ml Phosphate IP equivalent to Dexamethasone Phosphate 4 mg, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate inj. IP 4 mg/ml Phosphate IP equivalent to Dexamethasone Phosphate 4 mg, Phenaramine maleate inj IP Comp; Each ml contains Pherniramine maleate IP 22.75mg, Phenaramine maleate inj IP Comp; Each ml contains Pherniramine maleate IP 22.75mg, Phenaramine maleate inj IP Comp; Each ml contains Pherniramine maleate IP 22.75mg, Chlor phenaramine Maleate IP 10mg/ml Comp; Each ml contains Chlopherniramine maleate IP 10mg/ml, Chlor phenaramine Maleate IP 10mg/ml Comp; Each ml contains Chlopherniramine maleate IP 10mg/ml, Chlorazin (Anti allergic/anti histaminic) Each ml contains Chloropheniramine maleate IP 10 mg, Phylmercuric nitrate IP 0.002% w/v, Water for injection IP qs, Chlorazin (Anti allergic/anti histaminic) Each ml contains Chloropheniramine maleate IP 10 mg, Phylmercuric nitrate IP 0.002% w/v, Water for injection IP qs, Lignocain Hydrochloride inj 2% w/v Comp;Each ml contains Lignocain Hydrochloride IP 20 mg, Triflupromazine HCL inj. IP 20 mg./ml CompEach ml. Contains Triflupromazine HCL IP 20 mg., Phenylbutozone and Sodium Salicylate inj CompEach ml Containing Phenylbutazone IP 20 mg 'Sodium Salicylate IP 20 mg., Phenylbutozone and Sodium Salicylate inj CompEach ml Containing Phenylbutazone IP 20 mg 'Sodium Salicylate IP 20 mg., Ruminotoric bolus CompEach bolus contains Antimony Potassum Tertrate USP 2 gms. Ferrous Sulphate I.P.2 gms. Copper Sulphate Anhydrous BP 50 mgs, Cobalt Chloride USP 100 mgs., Ruminotoric bolus CompEach bolus contains Antimony Potassum Tertrate USP 2 gms. Ferrous Sulphate I.P.2 gms. Copper Sulphate Anhydrous BP 50 mgs, Cobalt Chloride USP 100 mgs., Choline cloride&cynocobalimine, inj.with nitrogen containing Cholinecloride-15mg.,Cynocobalamine- 20 mg.,&Nitrogen-0.48% ('equivalentto 30 mg. Of Glycine)plus Chlorbutol 0.30%, Heamatinic

Page 129 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. ('ferrous) inj. Iron dextros 50 mg per ml., Oxytocin Inj nano peptide harmone, Each ml contains Diethylamine Acetarsol 236mg , Each ml contains Corbazochrome salisylate 5 mg , Each ml contains Diminazine Aceturate 70 mg Phenazone BP 375 mg. , Each ml contains Diminazine Aceturate 70 mg Phenazone BP 375 mg. , Each ml contains butaphosphon 100mg ,cyanacobalamine 50 mcg, Each ml containing 2mg of Carbazochrome Falicilate Adrenochrome Monosemicarbazone, Piperazine Hexahydrate solution 45% W/v Comp Piperazine Hexahydrate IP 45% W/v, Piperazine Hexahydrate solution 45% W/v Comp Piperazine Hexahydrate IP 45% W/v 1- propanol 25% w/v Perfume, Colour, Gel Base Q.S., Anti Bacterial hand sanitizer Composition 2- propanol I.P. 40 % w/v 1- propanol 25% w/v Perfume, Colour, Gel Base Q.S. , Triclabendazole 5% w/v Excipients Q.S., Each 100 ml contains Triclabendazole 5.00 gm Levamisole 3.75 gm, Piperazine Hexahydrate solution 45% W/v Comp Piperazine Hexahydrate IP 45% W/v, Albendazole tablets IP 600 mg Comp Each uncoated Tab. Contains Albendazole IP 1600 Mg, Albendazole tablets IP 150 mg Comp Each uncoated Tab. Contains Albendazole IP 150Mg, Praziquantel tab. USP 50 mg each uncoated tab contains Praziquantel tab. USP 50 mg , Fenbendazole Bolus.' Each Bolus contains Fenbendazole BP (Vet) 1.5gm., Each ml contains Cefoperazone Sodium I.P.-3.0g + Sulbactum sodium U.S.P. 1.5 g, Fenbendazole Feed Pellets Each 100 gm.containing Fenbendazole BP vet 600 mg., Ivermectin Inj.1% W/v Each ml contains Ivermectin 10 mg, Doramectin inj.,Each ml contains 10 mg of Doramectin., Lithium Antimony Thiomalate inj. 6% W/Veterinary CompEach ml contains lithium Antimony Thiomalate 60 mg., Levamisole inj.,'each vial containing levamisole Hcl 75 mg , Levamisole inj., each ml containing levamisole Hcl BP Vet.182 mg. , Oxyclozanide Suspension IP (Vet)3.4% W/v CompEach 5 ml. Contains Oxyclozanide IP (vet) 170 mg., Oxyclozanide Suspension IP (Vet)3.4% W/v CompEach 5 ml. Contains Oxyclozanide IP (vet) 170 mg., Oxyclozanide Bolus CompEach bolus contains Oxclozanide IP (Vet) 100mg, Oxyclozanide Bolus CompEach bolus contains Oxclozanide IP (Vet) 200mg, Oxyclozanide Bolus CompEach bolus contains Oxclozanide IP (Vet) 1 gm, Oxyclozanide 250 mg Albendazole 250 mg, Buparvaquone inj 50 mg/ml CampEach ml. Contains Buparvaquone 50 mg, Buparvaquone inj 50 mg/ml CampEach ml. Contains Buparvaquone 50 mg, Each ml contains Valethamate Bromide 10 mg, Chlorbutol IP 0.5 % w/v, Water for injection IP Q.S., Diminazene -diaceturate and Phenazone Injection CompEach ml contains Diminazene Diaceturate 70 mg Phenazone BP 375 mg. Water for Injection IP qs., Deltamethrine each ml containing 22.5 gm, Deltamethrine each ml containing 22.5 gm, Each bolus containing 3000 mg Albendazole, Each bolus containing Morental Citrate equi to 594 mg morental base, Each bolus containing Oxyclozanide BP Vet 1.0gm, Each ml containing albendazole USP 25 mg , Each bolus conatining Albendazole IP 200mg Excipients qs, Instant hand & skin disinfectant Ech ml contins Ethanol I.P 70.0% v/v Didecyl, Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 1% v/v, Inert Ingredients q.s, Each tabs containing Morental Citrate equi to 118.8 mg morental base, Each uncoated bolus containing Niclosamide IP 1gm , Fenbendazole-150mg, praziquantel-50mg, Each bolus contains Metronidazole 1000mg,Furazolidone 200mg, Each Ml contains Amitraz BP 125 mg, Each gm contains 250

Page 130 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. mg of Fenbedazole , Each gm contains 250 mg of Fenbedazole , 2.5% mg of Fenbedazole suspension , Cypermethrin High Cis 110 ec, Each ml Flumethrin 10mg, 10% Fenbendazole suspension W/v , Silica in Dimethicone Suspn 1% W/V Dil Oil 0.5% W/V, Each ml contains Enrofloxacin 100 mg, Butyl Alcohol 3 %w/v, Water for inj. IP Q.S, Composition Flumethrin emulsifiable concentrate 6 % , Povidone Iodine sol. IP 5% W/v CompPovidine lodine IP 5% W/v, Busrelin Acetate inj. (GnRH Analogue) CompEach ml. Contains Buserelin acetate 0.0042 mg. Equivalent to 0.004 mg. Buserelin. Benzyl Alcohol IP 85 (as preservative) 1% v/v, Dinoprost tromithamine inj.5mg. , Hydroprogestrone inj. Each Ml contains 17 Alpha Hydroprogestrone caproane 250 mg. /ml, Each insert contains progesterone 1.38 gm, Human chorianic gonadotrophine (HCG)-1500 IU with solvent for recostitution, Cloprostinol sodium 263 mcg.( 250 mcg. Of Cloprostinol), Pregnant mare serum Gonadotrophin(PMSG)BP vet. with diluent. Each 5ml containing 1000 IU of PMSG, Furazolidine Bolus Each bolus containing Furazolidine IP 500 mg , Intra uterine bolus . Containing Nitrofurazone BP 60 mg Urea 5000 mg Metronidazole IP 1000 mg, Trimethoprim - sulphamethaxazole - urea bolus Each bolus containing, Trimethoprim BP Vet-0.1gm.,SulphamethaxazoleIP 0.5gm,Urea Bvet C-6.0 gm, Each 4 gms containing Ciphalexin IP Equi to anhydrous Ciphalexin 1.5gm, Each bolus containing Nitrfurazone BP Vet 60mg, Urea IP 6gms, Each ml contains Oxytetracyclin hydrochloride topical liquid Vet 50mg/ml, Each ml contains 263 mcg of Cloprostenol sod Eq to 250 mcg of Cloprostenol , 'Vit 'A inj Comp; Each ml contains Vitamin A 'concentrate (oily form) IP. 6 lakhs IU., Each ml contains Vit A-2,50,000 IU, Vit D3-25,000 IU Vit E 100 mg, Each bolus contains Ferrous Sulphate; 700 Mg., Manganese Sulphate; 700 Mg. Zinc Sulphate; 700 Mg., Copper Sulphate;100 Mg. Cobalt Sulphate;1.25 Mg. Sodium Selenite; 1 Mg. Iodoine ;3.3Mg., Vitamin -E ;200 Mg. Vitamin-A;25,000 IU Vitamin-D3;2,500IU, Each bolus contains Metheonine; 20Mg, Lysine;20 Mg, Iodine;20Mg, Selenium;2Mg..Zinc;250Mg., Sulphur;60Mg.,Copper;30Mg., Manganese;50Mg., Iron;100Mg.Cobalt3Mg.Vitamin-A 12500IU, Vitamin-D3;1250IU, Vitamin - E 10 mg, Each ml contains Vit A-2,50,000 IU, Vit D3- 25,000 IU Vit E 100 mg, Each 5 ml containing Vit A 60000 IU, Vit D-3 25000 IU, Vit C 200mg Biotin 15mcg Lysine 10mg, Sod Chloride 10mg Cholagogue Agent 800mcg, Vit E 150mg Vit b12 20mcg, Selenium 10ppm, Zinc 20mg Methionine 5 mg , Vit -A and E with bismuth oxynitrate and AminonitrogenEach ml containing, Vit- A 220 IU.,Vit- E 10 mg.,Bismuthoxynitrate 100mg., Vitamin B complex Inj with liver extracts. Each ml containing Thiamine IP.Hcl 10 mg, Niacinamide IP.100 mg.,Vit B-12 IP. (As Cynocobalamine)- !0 mcg., Inorganice phosphorus inj. each ml containing sod.acid, phasphate BP vet.40%w/v, Vitamin - Mineral combination Bolus .Each bolus containing, Copper sulphate-.125 mg, Cobalt chloride 10 mg, Magnesium Sulphate 15 mg, Zinc Sulphate 15 mg, Ferrous Sulphate 30 mg, potassium Iodide 0.5 mg, Selenium 0.6 mcg, Manganese Sulphate 20 mg,, Vit.A 600 IU, Vit.E 3 IU, Each ml contains Vitamin A (Palmitate) IP 2,50,000 IU, Vitamin D IP 25,000 IU, Vitamin E (Acetate) IP 100 mg, Biotin USP 12.5 mcg, Benzyl Alcohol IP 2% w/v, Sesame Oil USP Q.S., Each ml contains Choline Chloride 25 mg, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine hcl) 25 mg, Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin Sodium phosphate) IP 1.5 mg, Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobal min) IP 50 mcg, Vitamin

Page 131 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. B6 (Pyridoxine Hcl) IP 5 mg, D panthenol IP 5 mg, Inositol 2 mg, Glycine 30 mg, Nicotinamide IP 50 mg, Benzyl Alcohol IP 1.5% W/V Water for injection IP Q.S. , Each ml contains Vit. A I.P. 250000 IU Vit-D3 I.P. 25000 I.U. Vit.E I.P. 100 I.U. Biotin USP 12.5 mcg, Benzyl alcohol , Each Boli contains Live Lactobacillus Sporagenes culture 20 CFU, Live Lactobacillus Lichiniforms 5 Millon Spores, Live Saccharomyces Boulardii 25 Million Spores, Live Yeast Culture 25 Million spores 3g, Amino Acids 2 gm, Liver Extract 10 mg, Fungal Diastase 50 mg , Phytase 25 mg, Papain 25 mg, Cellulase 125 MCU, B-Gluconase 25 Units, Ginger Powder, 100 mg, Cobalt Sulphate 100 mg, Copper Sulphate 50 mg, Nux vomica P 250 mg, DL, Methionine 40 mg, Dextrose 500 mg , Dextrose with electrolites, Calcium borogluconate inj. IP(vet) Containing caicium gluconate IP 20.80% w/v (Equivalent to calcium1.86%w/v Boric Acid IP 4.25% Calcium in the Inj 0.1% w/v, Calcium Magnesium Borogluconate inj. IP(vet) with phos. CompCalcium Gluconate IP 20.8 %,Magnesium hypophosphite IP 5.0% Boric acid IP 4.25% Dextrose anhydrous IP 20 %,Chlorocresol IP 0.10 %, Calcium Borogluconate inj. BP Each bottle contains Calcium 1.86% w/v, Chlorocresol IP 0.1% w/v (Proportion of boric acid to calcium is 2.26 to 1), Calcium borogluconate with magnesium and phosphorous With calcium 1.86% Boric acid 4.2%,Megnesium hypophosphate 5.0%, Anhydrous DextroseIP 20.0% plus preservative, Vitamin & Mineral bolus containingVit-A 0.5 lakh IU, Vit-D 3.1 lakh IU Vit-C 350 mg, Vit-B 12480 g, Vit-K 30 mg, Vit-E 48 mg, Niacinamide 10 mg., Antimony pot. Tartrate inj. Each ml containing,Antimony pot.tartrate BP 20 mg., Enzyme Each gm Containing Alpha Amylase 110 IU,Xylanase 1745 IU, Cellulase 346 IU, Pectinase 330 IU, Beta Glucanase 10 IU, Lipase 10 IU, Hemicellulase 170 IU Protease 160IU, Beta Mannanase 10IU, Phytase 400 IU and trace minerals , Enzyme Each gm Containing Alpha Amylase 110 IU,Xylanase 1745 IU, Cellulase 346 IU, Pectinase 330 IU, Beta Glucanase 10 IU, Lipase 10 IU, Hemicellulase 170 IU Protease 160IU, Beta Mannanase 10IU, Phytase 400 IU and trace minerals , Ferrous sulphate tabs, Vitamin-E & Selnium inj. Each ml containsVit- E 50 mg.,Selenium1.5 mg., Trace Mineral tabs Each tablet containing, Copper-3 mg,cobalt-0.80 mg, Zinc-30mg,Iron-25 mg,Iodine-1.5mg,Manganese-21.0mg,Selinium-0.98 mg,with vitamin- E -7mg and Chromium 0.36mcg, Trace Mineral tabs Each tablet containing, Copper-20 mg,cobalt-0.50 mg, Zinc-40 mg,Iron-10 mg,Iodine-1.0mg,Manganese-20.0mg,Sulphur 10 mg,, Trace Mineral tabs Each tablet containing, Copper-10.7gm,cobalt-0.56gm, Zinc-0.28g,Iron- 1.4mg,Iodine-0.140g,Manganese-0.56g,Selinium-0.004g,, Trace mineral powder.Each 25 gramme containing,Zinc-150 mg,copper-50 mg, Cobalt 0.5 mg,Manganese-150 mg,Selenium- 0.5 mg,Calcium 3gm, 'Phosphorus-1.5 gm,With Vit-A 32300 IU, Vi- D3 25000 IU,Vit-E 5.0 IU. with essential fatty acids 3 gm., Each bolus contains Zinc 280 mg, Manganese 141 mg, Cobalt 5.6 mg, Iodin 4 mg, Iron 52 mg, Magnesium 900 mcg, Copper 15 mg, Selenium 20 mcg, Vitamin-E 20 mg, Betacarotene 12 mg, Sulphur 3% Base Q.S., Each 100 gms contains Calcium 20 gm, Phosphorus 10 gm, Vit D3 4000 IU, Antimony Potassium Tartrate, Ferrous Sulphate, Copper Sulphate and Cobalt Chloride Bolus Sulphur,Iron and Zinc tablets.Each tablet containing Sulphur-120 mg,Iron-36mg. and ZINC 35 MG, Each tabs containing Hydrated salt of Copper 64.912mg,Cobalt .3577mg,Manesium 6.450mg Manganese

Page 132 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 9.4460mg ,Zinc6.0664mg, Iron15.770mg, Each bolus contains Nicotinic acid BP 1.5gm ,Dried yeast Bvet C 1.5 GM Sodium Dihydrogen phosphate 0.375gm, Each 5 ml contains Ferrous gluconate 33.3 mg Ferrous chloride 13.3 mg Thaimine hydrochloride 0.83 mg Riboflavin 0.83mg Nicotinic acid 3.3 mg Nicotinamide 7.5mg Calcium lactate 50 mg & Liver fraction2 (25 mg derived from 0.625gm of fresh liver) in flavoure , Each 5 ml contains Ferrous gluconate 33.3 mg Ferrous chloride 13.3 mg Thaimine hydrochloride 0.83 mg Riboflavin 0.83mg Nicotinic acid 3.3 mg Nicotinamide 7.5mg Calcium lactate 50 mg & Liver fraction2 (25 mg derived from 0.625gm of fresh liver) in flavoure , Each tabs containing Copper 20.80mg,Cobalt 0.4mg,Manganese 10mg,Zinc160mg, Iodine 0.90mg Iron10.50mg,Selenium 0.1mg,Vit A 5 IU, Each 100ml containing Dextrose anhydrous BP 20gms, Sod cloride IP 0.6gms,Pot chloride IP 0.04gms,Calcium chloride(dihydrate) IP 0.027gms,Sod lactate 0.312gms Water for inj IP q.s, Each 100ml containing Dextrose anhydrous BP 25gms, Water for inj BP q.s, Each 20ml containing Vit A 1200 IU, Vit D3 6000 IU Vit E 48mg, Vit B12 20mcg, Each 20ml containing Vit A 1200 IU, Vit D3 6000 IU Vit E 48mg, Vit B12 20mcg, Composition Silymarin, Andrographis Panniculata, Zinc, Sodium feredetate (Highly absorbable source of iron), Copper , Composition Silymarin, Andrographis Panniculata, Zinc, Sodium feredetate (Highly absorbable source of iron), Copper , Composition Silymarin, Andrographis Panniculata, Zinc, Sodium feredetate (Highly absorbable source of iron), Copper , Composition Serratiopeptidase, Bioflavonid, Bromelain, Natural extractions of silk worm, citrus plants and pineapple plants , Each 2ml containing Vit A IP (as palmitate)250000 IU, Vit D3 IP 25000 IU Vit E IP (as acetate)150mg , Each 2ml containing Vit A IP (as palmitate)250000 IU, Vit D3 IP 25000 IU Vit E IP (as acetate)150mg , Each bolus containing Cobalt sulphate 100mg,Vit B12 IP 40mcg,Dried ferrous sulphate 200mg,Choline Bitartarate 18.2mg, Thiaminemononitrate 45mg, Each bolus containing Methonine 40mg, Cobalt sulphate 0.88mg, Copper Sulphate 40mg, Sodium Phosphate 100mg (Dibasic dihydrate), Sodium Bi- Carbonate 660mg, Magnesium Trisilicate 1000mg, Gentain powder 220mg, Ginger powder 44mg, Vit B1 145mg, Nicotinamide 1 dried yeast 700 mg dextrose 500 mg,, Each 60gms contains Vit.C-120mg Potassium iodide(Eqv.To Iodate)60 mg Glutamic acid-30 mg, Each 10 gm contains choline chloride 100mg ,inositol 2mg,vit B12 33mcg, base fortified with predigested protein, Each 10 gm contains choline chloride 100mg ,inositol 2mg,vit B12 33mcg, base fortified with predigested protein, Each 100 ml contains Calcium 3500 mg, Phosphorous 1750 mg, , Vitamin D3 15000 IU, Vitamin B12 200 mg, Corbohydrate 40,000 mg, Each ml containing Calcium levulinate IP 76.4mg(Equi to 10mg ioniccacium), Cholecalciferol (VitD3) IP 5000IU,Cyanocobalamin(VitB12)IP 50mcg,Benzyl alcohol IP 15%W/v, Water for inj IP q.s, Each Ml containing Thiamine HCl 10mg,Riboflavin IP 3mg,Niacinamide IP100mg,Liver inj crude IP 0.66ml (having B12 activity equi to 2mcg of Cynocobalamine/ml) and Phenol IP 0.5%, Each Ml containing Thiamine HCl IP 25mg,Riboflavin sod phosphate IP 1.5mg,Niacinamide IP 50mg,Vit B6 IP 5mg, Cynocobalamine IP 50mcg Choline chloride 25mg crude liver extract having B12 activity equi to or not less than 2mcg of Cynocobalamine) and Phenol , Each Ml containing Thiamine-HCL

Page 133 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. IP 33.3mg, Pyridoxine HCL 3.3mg,, Riboflavin Phosphate sodium 1.66mg, D-penthynol 1.66mg, Niacinamide-33.3mg, Cynocobalamine33.3mcg, Benzyl alcohol IP 0.9%v/v , Each ml contains Cyanocobalamin IP 150 mcg, Nicotinamide IP 100 mg, Choline Bitartrate USP 10 mg, D - penthol IP 15 mg Myo-inositol BP 10 mg, Biotin BP 10 mcg, Glycine IP 20 mg, Lysine HydroChloride BP 20 mg, DL-Methionine BP 20 mg, Benzyle Alcohol IP 20 mg (as preservative),Water for Injections IP Q.S. , Each ml containing Vit A IP 2000 IU, Vit D3 IP 2000 IU, Vit E IP 4mg, Niacinamide IP 10mg, Thiamine HCL IP 10mg, Pyridoxin HCL IP 5mg, Riboflavin Phosphate Sodium IP 1mg, D-Panthenol IP 1mg, Vit B12 IP 10mcg D-Biotin USP 10mcg, Calcium Glycero Phosphates , Each ml containing Vit A(as palmitate)IP 2.5 lacs IU,Vit D3 IP 25000 IU,Vit E(as dialphatocopherol acetate)100 IU , Each ml containing Vit B1 BP Vet 25mg,Ribolavin 5 Phoshate IP 1.37mg, Nicotinamide BP Vet 100mg, Vit B6 IP 5mg,Total Vit B12 IP 32mcg (Vit B12 IP 30mcg & Liver extract derieved from 8 gms of fresh liver having Vit B12 activity equi to 2 mcg Cynocobalamine , Each ml contains Sodiam salt of 4 dimithylamino-methyl phenyl-phosphinic acid 0.2gms,Phenyl ethanol USP 0.6%W/V, Water for inj IP q.s, Each ml contains Sodiam salt of 4 dimithylamino-methyl phenyl-phosphinic acid 0.2gms,Phenyl ethanol USP 0.6%W/V, Water for inj IP q.s, Each ml contains Sodium salt of 4 dimithylami 2 methylphenyl-phosphonic acid0.2gms, Each ml contains Sodium salt of 4 dimithylami 2 methylphenyl-phosphonic acid0.2gms, Sodium acid Phosphate BP 40%v/v, Sodium acid Phosphate 400mg eqvivalent to 79.4mg of elemental phosphoros, Each ml contains Tocopheryl acetate 50mg,Selenium 1.5mg, Each 2ml containing Vitamn A IP 600000 IU Chlorbutal IP 1% w/v in an oil vehicle, Vit B1 50mg/ml, Vit B6 50mg/ml, Vit B12 500mcg/ml, Vit B1 50mg/ml, Vit B6 50mg/ml, Vit B12 500mcg/ml, Vit B1 IP 33mg, Vit B6 IP 33mg, Vit B12 IP 333mcg, Vit B1 IP 33mg, Vit B6 IP 33mg, Vit B12 IP 333mcg, Each 20ml suspension contains elemental calcium 440mg,Elemental phosphoros 340mg,Vit D3 1600 IU, Vit B12 20mcg,Aspargus racemosus 1.5gm, Each 20ml suspension contains elemental calcium 440mg,Elemental phosphoros 340mg,Vit D3 1600 IU, Vit B12 20mcg,Aspargus racemosus 1.5gm, Each 20ml suspension contains Soluible calcium salt 350mg, Phosphoros 175mg,Vit D3 1600 IU, Vit B12 20mcg, , Each Bolus Contains Vitamin B 12-50 mcg, Inositol 50 mg, Amino Acids 100 mg Selenium 50mcg, Vit E 20mg, Liver Extract 75mg, Tricholine citrate 100mg, Copper 10mg, Cobalt 30 mg, Each Bolus Contains Vitamin B 12-50 mcg, Inositol 50 mg, Amino Acids 100 mg Selenium 50mcg, Vit E 20mg, Liver Extract 75mg, Tricholine citrate 100mg, Copper 10mg, Cobalt 30 mg, Each Bolus contains Yeast 300mg Probiotics 500mg Liver Extract 500mg, Each Bolus contains Yeast 300mg Probiotics 500mg Liver Extract 500mg, Each 125 sachet contains calcium propionate 60gms,Methionine USP 5gms, Picrorhiza Dry extract 250mg, Cobalt Gluconate 40mg, Vitamine B6 IP 40mg,Dextrose anhydrous USP 530.5gms , Each tablet contains copper sulphate150mg,cobalt Chloride 5 mg. manganese sulphate 20.00mg,magnesium sulphate 30mg zinc sulphate 10mg,potassium iodide 0.5 mg,ferrous sulphate 100mg, Each tablet contains copper sulphate200mg,cobalt chloride7mg,manganese sulphate 20mg,magnesium sulphate 20mg zinc sulphate 10mg,potassium iodide .5 mg,ferrous sulphate 75mg, Each ml contains Calcium levulinate IP

Page 134 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 76.4mg,Cholicalciferol IP 5000 Units, Vit B12 IP 50mcg, Each capsule containing Live yeast culture(30000 million living cells/gm) 600mg, Live lactobacillius Sporogenes(30000 million viable spores/gm) 20mg, Antimony Potassium tartarate/Ferrous slphate 180mg, Gentamycin Sulphate IP equivalent to 0.1%w/w, Gentamycin base, Proflavin Hemisulphate .1%w/w,Gamabenzine Hexachloride IP 0.1%w/w,Citrmide IP 0.45%w/w , Proflavin Hemisulphate .1%w/w,Gamabenzine Hexachloride IP 0.1%w/w,Citrmide IP 0.45%w/w , Each 60gm contains Vit C 120mg, Pot Iodide 60mg, Glutamic acid 30mg, , Each blous contains Calcium 1700mg, Phosphorus 850mg, Vit D3 8000IU, Vit B12-100mcg, Shatavri 1gm, Each Kg contains Liver Extract 20gm, Choline Chloride 30mg, Inositol 5mg,DL Methionine 30gm,Vit E 4 IU, Niacin 5gm,Selenium 150mg,Saccharomyces cerveciae 10gm, base with predigested protien, Each bolus contains Sod bicorbonate 660mg, Magnesium trisilicate 1000mg, Vit B1- 145mg,Methionine 40mg, Dried yeast 700mg, Dextrose 500mg, nicotinamide 165, Cobalt sulphate 0.88mg, Copper Sulphate 40mg, ginger powder 44mg, Gentian powder 220mg, Sod phospha , Each bolus containes Sodium bicarbonate 5 mg, Rock solt 500 mg. , Each bolus contains Sod bicarbonate 750mg, Cholin chloride 100mg, DL methionine 100mg,Niacine 100mg, Sod Phosphate 150mg,Copper 2mg, Cobalt 4mg, Iron 5mg, Sulphur 50mg, Yeast 750mg, Each 100 ml contains Simethicone BP 1% W/v,Dill oil BP 0.5%v/v, Each 250mg Contains Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.375*10 to the power of 11 cfu, Lactobacilles sporogenes 12500 million cfu grwon on soyabean and CFD fortified with Phytase and rich in calcium, Phos, Protein, Corbohydrate, Vitamines and UGF , Each 250mg Contains Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.375*10 to the power of 11 cfu, Lactobacilles sporogenes 12500 million cfu grwon on soyabean and CFD fortified with Phytase and rich in calcium.

Ref Number: KMF/2014-15/IND1309

Tender Closing Date: 12 May 2014

Tender Opening Date: 14 May 2014

Document Sale From: N.A.

Document Sale To: N.A.

Currency: N.A.

Value: N.A.

EMD: 30000.00

Document Fees: 550.00

Company/Organisation: Karnataka Co.Operative Milk Producers Federation Limited

City: Bangalore

State: Karnataka

Country: India

Related Document: N.A.

Related Document: http://www.TenderTiger.com/ImageHandler.aspx?cmd=1&srcencp=7b0732f541eb54a70&src= Apr2014/zip/10633864.zip

AN Document TENTIG0020140424ea4n000qk

HD Retailers, manufacturers bracing for effects of disease on citrus and bananas

BY Emery Cowan

WC 644 words

PD 15 April 2014

SN Penton Insight

SC NSGHT

ED newhope360.com

LA English

LP Oranges and now bananas. Americans’ fruit bowl mainstays are in trouble. For the last decade or so, citrus greening disease has been mowing through Florida’s orange crops, and now scientists are sounding the alarms about a fungus that is decimating banana crops in Southeast Asia, southern Africa and the Middle East. Some are warning the disease may have already jumped the pond to banana plantations in Latin America, threatening a 窶彙 ananageddon.窶• Scientists estimate that 85 percent of the world's banana crop is vulnerable to the deadly TR4 race of the Fusarium wilt disease.

TD “Countries need to act now if we are to avoid the worst-case scenario, which is massive destruction of much of the world’s banana crop," Fazil Dusunceli, a plant pathologist at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, said in a statement.

But, at least for now, that risk assessment isn’t sounding the emergency alarms for companies like the 4-year-old banana snack company Barnana, says CEO and founder Caue Suplicy. Concern about the fungus is, however, affecting the company's future growth plan. Last week in fact, Barnana was meeting with farmers from Piura, a region of Peru where the dry climate creates an environment much less hospitable to fungus and other bacteria. It’s a direction many other companies are exploring as well because of disease worries, said Asit Vashisht, a grower in the region.

Sourcing from a number of smaller organic farms also provides a cushion because they are less likely to all be wiped out by the disease than one giant monocropped plantation, co-

Related Bananas just as good as Gatorade for sports performance

Organic industry gearing up for checkoff program

When it comes to banana supply, the far greater challenge for the company, whose products are USDA certified organic, is finding enough organic farmers to feed their ever-growing demand, Suplicy said. Smaller family farmers in places such as China, Latin America and South America are increasingly selling their land to move to cities. The property is getting snatched up by developers or large conventional growers, which slowly chips away at the amount of land able to be farmed organically, Suplicy said. Over the past two years, it has become noticeably harder to find organic suppliers, he said. A 2010 report from the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, while actually showing a 64 percent increase in organically-managed hectares in Latin America between 2000 and 2007, confirmed that organic banana demand still outpaces supply.

While some banana crops may be safe from disease for now, the devastation happening among citrus crops worldwide is a different story. In Florida, citrus crop acreage in 2013 was the lowest since 1966, according to United States Department of Agriculture. The situation is serious enough that some farmers are considering completely replacing their orange crop with the Asian pongamia tree whose oil-rich legumes hold potential for high quality oils, lubricants and biofuel, according to an article in Modern Farmer.

Grocery stores are bracing themselves for price increases as the disease continues to spread from Florida to California.

“We’re really just starting to see the effects,” said Claris Ritter, produce general manager at Alfalfa’s Market in Boulder, Colo. “We are just starting to have this pest problem upset the California fruit, but once that happens we’ll see the impacts (in price and supply).”

If and when that happens, the store will likely put up signs and task staff with educating customers about the disease, Ritter said. And that moment may come sooner than later. Last week, orange juice prices reached a two-year high after the USDA produced revised estimates that the Florida orange crop would be the lowest since the mid-1980s.

IN i010020602 : Citrus Groves | i0 : Agriculture | i01002 : Horticulture | i0100206 : Fruit Growing

PUB Penton Business Media

AN Document NSGHT00020140416ea4f00031

WC 3,682 words

PD 14 April 2014

SN Global Warming Focus

SC GLOWRM

PG 132

LA English

LP 2014 APR 14 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Global Warming Focus -- From Washington, D.C., VerticalNews journalists report that a patent application by the inventors Kiyama, Michihiro (Hiroshima, JP); Yamamoto, Masayuki (Tokyo, JP), filed on September 17, 2010, was made available online on April 3, 2014.

The patent's assignee is Creative Co., Ltd.

TD News editors obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "The present invention relates to a solid fuel. More specifically, it relates to a solid fuel which makes effective use of waste wood, waste paper, a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent. Much more specifically, it relates to a solid fuel which makes effective use of wood and paper wastes, a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent, produces as small an amount as possible of a harmful gas or residue after combustion, has a large calorific value and leads to the suppression of the production of carbon dioxide, especially a solid fuel suitable for use as a fuel for power generation.

"Along with the modernization of living, waste products such as wood waste, paper waste and plastics are produced in large quantities from domestic lives, production plants, processing plants, etc. and the disposal of these waste products is now a social problem. Most of these waste products are collected and burnt or buried in the ground. However, the proportion of waste products which are recycled into everyday goods or used as energy sources after they are collected is gradually increasing but still unsatisfactory. Especially parts of waste wood from old houses, thinned wood and used paper have been burnt because the collection and sorting of these waste products cost a great deal and the recycling of these is difficult. Along with the frequent occurrence of a wide-scale disaster which is seemed to be caused by the global warming phenomenon in recent years, each country is trying to suppress the

Page 140 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. production of carbon dioxide which is one of greenhouse effect gases but it can be said that this is still unsatisfactory. Then, solid fuels making use of wood waste, paper waste and plastic waste are used in power boilers as alternatives to oil and coal but it can be said that their effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide is still unsatisfactory.

"Meanwhile, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose the recycling of wood waste, paper waste and plastic waste into a solid fuel.

"Patent Document 2 proposes a solid fuel obtained by pressure bonding together plastics, wood powders, bark and used paper and molding the obtained product into a pellet. Although the amount of the plastics contained in the solid fuel is specified as 10 to 80%, judging from FIGS. 2 to 4, the amount of the plastics is estimated at 30% or more, preferably 50% or more.

"Meanwhile, along with the frequent occurrence of a wide-scale disaster which is seemed to be caused by the global warming phenomenon in recent years, each country is trying to suppress the production of carbon dioxide which is one of greenhouse effect gases but it can be said that this is still unsatisfactory. Then, solid fuels making use of wood waste, paper waste and plastic waste are used in power boilers as alternatives to oil and coal but it can be said that their effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide is still unsatisfactory.

"That is, since plastics are used as a binder and a fuel in the solid fuels proposed by the above Patent Documents 1 to 3, considering that the plastics are produced from oil, these solid fuels are unsatisfactory in the effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide."

"Then, the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to develop a solid fuel which can be used as an energy source capable of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide without substantially using plastics derived from oil by using waste wood and used paper which have been difficult to be recycled. As a result, they found that, when waste wood and used paper are broken into pieces of a predetermined size, the obtained pieces are mixed with predetermined small amounts of a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent in place of plastics which may generate a harmful gas at the time of combustion such as incineration and have been used in the prior art, and the resulting mixture is molded, a solid having a certain shape and a certain size can be formed, and this solid has excellent form retention ability and a large calorific value as a fuel, rarely produces a harmful gas or a harmful residue, greatly serves to suppress the production of carbon dioxide as all the raw materials are derived from plants, and is useful as a solid fuel for mechanical power generation. Thus, according to the present invention, there can be provided a solid fuel which makes effective use of waste wood and used paper that have had no utility value and must be disposed by incineration as energy sources and can be used for power generation as a clean energy source.

"Means for Solving the Problem

"According to the present invention, there is provided the following solid fuel. (1) A solid fuel which is formed from a mixture of wood pieces having a size of 1 to 50 mm (component A), paper pieces having a size of 1 to 50 mm (component B), a binder (component C-1), a form retaining agent (component C-2) and a caloric augmentation agent (component D), wherein the total amount of the components A and B is 15 to 45 parts by weight and the total amount of the components C-1, C-2 and D is 55 to 85 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 20:80 to 80:20, and the mixture is compression molded. (2) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the total amount of the components C-1 and C-2 is 25 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture. (3) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the amount of the component D is 15 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture. (4) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the weight ratio of the component C-1 to the component C-2 is 6:4 to 8:2. (5) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 25:75 to 75:25. (6) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the binder (component C-1) is starch derived from sea alga. (7) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the form retaining agent (component C-2)

Page 142 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. is natural rubber. (8) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1), wherein the caloric augmentation agent is a vegetable oil-containing substance. (9) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) having an average size of 10 to 100 cm.sup.3 each. (10) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) which is prismatic or cylindrical in shape. (11) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) having an apparent specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.6 g/cm.sup.3. (12) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) having a calorific value of 20 to 30 MJ/kg. (13) The solid fuel in the above paragraph (1) which is used for thermal power generation.

"Effect of the Invention

"The solid fuel of the present invention can be effectively used as a new energy source, especially an energy source for power generation, by making use of waste wood, used paper, a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent in a balanced manner. The solid fuel of the present invention can be a new type of solid fuel which makes use of wood and paper waste materials that have been disposed by incineration, rarely produces a harmful gas or a harmful residue, has a large calorific value and leads to the suppression of the production of carbon dioxide.

"When waste wood and used paper are broken into small pieces having a specific size and the pieces are used in a certain proportion in the solid fuel of the present invention, the binder and the form retaining agent serve as binders, and the caloric augmentation agent effectively serves to secure a certain amount of heat, thereby making it possible to mold a solid fuel.

"Since the solid fuel of the present invention uses a plant-derived binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent without substantially using plastics derived from oil, it has a remarkable effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

"The solid fuel of the present invention is a solid obtained by molding a mixture of wood pieces, paper pieces, a binder, a form retaining agent and a caloric augmentation agent, wherein waste products to be disposed of are used as the raw materials of the wood pieces and the paper pieces. A description is subsequently given of the ratio of the raw materials and a molding method.

"(a) Wood Pieces

"Waste wood collected by breaking down old furniture and buildings such as old houses, wood chips and end pieces from sawmills, thinned wood and used pallets are used as the raw materials of the wood pieces. The type of the wood is not particularly limited. When the above waste wood is dry, it is used as it is and when it contains water, it is dried and crushed. Wood

Page 143 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. chips collected from sawmills may be used as they are without being crushed when the sizes of the wood chips fall within the range which will be specified hereinafter.

"The wood pieces obtained by crushing are desirably 1 to 50 mm in size. The term 'size' as used herein means the maximum diameter of each wood piece. Stated more specifically, wood pieces passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less may be used as the raw materials. The preferred size is 1 to 25 mm. The shapes of the wood pieces are not particularly limited as long as they are crushed by a rotary crushing machine having teeth. The wood pieces are desirably dry but wood pieces having a water content of 20 wt % or less, preferably 15 wt % or less may be used without any problem.

"(b) Paper Pieces

"The raw materials of the paper pieces are not only used paper recycled as reclaimed paper, such as secondhand books, newspaper, cardboards and office paper but also coated paper and laminated paper which are hardly recycled as reclaimed paper. These paper raw materials are cut or severed to a size of 1 to 50 mm. The term 'size' as used herein means the size of paper pieces passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. The preferred size of the paper pieces is 1 to 25 mm. The paper pieces used as the raw materials are preferably dry but may contain water in an amount of 15 wt % or less, preferably 10 wt % or less.

"(c-1) Binder

"(c-2) Form Retaining Agent

"Natural rubber or a natural rubber-containing product is used as the form retaining agent. Examples thereof include guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gum arabic, gellan gum, curdlan, pectin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, xanthan gum, karaya gum, arabinogalactan, ghatti gum, tragacanth gum, furcellan, pullulan, aeromonas gum, agrobacterium succinoglycan, azotobacter vinelandii gum, linseed gum, almond gum, welan gum, erwinia mitsuensis gum, gum elemi, enterobacter gum, enterobacter simanus gum, oligoglucosamine, cassia gum, carob bean gum, glucosamine, artemisia sphaerocephala seed gum, sclero gum, sesbania gum, dextran, triacanthos gum,

Page 144 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. abelmoschus manihot, macrophomopsis gum, rhamsan gum, levan, daruman resin, peach gum and tamarind. At least one dried form retaining agent out of these or a combination of a form retaining agent and a binder may be used.

"Out of these, guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gellan gum, curdlan, xanthan gum, gum arabic, pectin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, karaya gum and carob bean gum are preferred, and guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gellan gum, curdlan and xanthan gum are most preferred.

"(d) Caloric Augmentation Agent

"Sapium sebiferum, Quercus suber, millet, rice, food carbide, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, Abutilon avicennae, roselle, Musa basjoo, Juncus effuses L. var. decipens Buchen., Cyperus monophyllus Vahl, okra, Morus bombycis, banana, pineapple, Agave Tequilana, sarago, wisteria, linden, bamboo, reed, esparto, sabai grass, Alpinia zerumbet, Hermerocallis aurantiaca, raran grass, morochi grass, papyrus, ryusu grass, Pueraria lobata, Edgeworthia chrysantha, aotan, cashew nut, oat, lupine, calendula, coffee, hazelnut, spurge, pumpkin, coriander, mustard seed, Carthamus tinctorius, cacao, Tenderstem broccoli, Brassica campestris, macadamia nut, nuts, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane, Sorghum bicolor, potato, wheat, Oryza sativa, olive, sunflower, soybean, safflower, peanut, willow, poplar, switchgrass, elephant grass, Evodiopanax innovans, cactus, lumber, sugar beet, Pistacia chinesis Bunge, cotton, copaiba, Pongamia pinnata, jojoba, Euphorbia tirucalli, Zea mays, sweet potato, Sargassum fulvellum, sesame, cardoon, avocado, kusabinoki, quinua, Guizotia abyssinica, hemp and paulownia all of which are vegetable oil-containing substances are used as the caloric augmentation agent. Sapium sebiferum, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane, Zea mays and processed residues thereof are preferred and used as heat sources for burning the solid fuel as a fuel at a power generation facility. The term 'processed residues' means press cakes obtained after oil is squeezed out of the fruits and seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Quercus suber, millet, rice, food carbide, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, Abutilon avicennae, roselle, Musa basjoo, Juncus effuses L var. decipens Buchen., Cyperus monophyllus Vahl, okra, Morus bombycis, banana, pineapple, Agave Tequilana, sarago, wisteria, linden, bamboo, reed, esparto, sabai grass, Alpinia zerumbet, Hermerocallis aurantiaca, raran grass, morochi grass, papyrus, ryusu grass, Pueraria lobata, Edgeworthia chrysantha, aotan, cashew nut, oat, lupine, calendula, coffee, hazelnut, spurge, pumpkin, coriander, mustard seed, Carthamus tinctorius, cacao, Tenderstem broccoli, Brassica campestris, macadamia nut, nuts, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm,

Page 145 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. sugarcane, Sorghum bicolor, potato, wheat, Oryza sativa, olive, sunflower, soybean, safflower, peanut, willow, poplar, switchgrass, elephant grass, Evodiopanax innovans, cactus, lumber, sugar beet, Pistacia chinesis Bunge, cotton, copaiba, Pongamia pinnata, jojoba, Euphorbia tirucalli, Zea mays, sweet potato, Sargassum fulvellum, sesame, cardoon, avocado, kusabinoki, quinua, Guizotia abyssinica, hemp and paulownia. The fruit seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, palm, sugarcane and Zea mays or pulverized products thereof are preferred. Out of these, the fruit seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas or pulverized products thereof are particularly preferred. These vegetable oil-containing substances are cut or severed to a size of 1 to 50 mm. The term 'size' as used herein means the size of a vegetable oil-containing substance passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. Although seeds are mainly used, branches or trunks may be partially mixed.

"(e) Composition

"The total amount of the wood pieces (component A) and the paper pieces (component B) is 15 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight, and the total amount of the binder (component C-1), the form retaining agent (component C-2) and the caloric augmentation agent (component D) is 55 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 60 to 80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a mixture of all the components. The weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 25:75 to 75:25.

"The total amount of the components C-1 and C-2 is 25 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 55 parts by weight, and the amount of the component D is 15 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 18 to 55 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture.

"The weight ratio of the component C-1 to the component C-2 is 6:4 to 8:2, preferably 6.5 to 3.5 to 7.5 to 2.5. The weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 20:80 to 80:20, preferably 25:75 to 75:25.

"Within the above ranges, the solid fuel of the present invention can be solidified by using relatively small amounts of the binder, the form retaining agent and the caloric augmentation agent, the balanced recycling of waste wood and used paper becomes possible, and the calorific value becomes stable. When the total amount of the wood pieces and the paper pieces is 15 to 45 parts by weight, the total amount of the binder, the form retaining agent and the caloric augmentation agent is 55 to 85 parts by weight. This ratio is changed by the desired calorific value of the solid fuel.

"(f) Molding Method

Page 146 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. "A mixture of the above wood pieces, paper pieces, binder, form retaining agent and caloric augmentation agent in the above ratio is preferably pressurized and compressed such that they are closely dispersed.

"A method in which the wood pieces and the paper pieces are pre-mixed together and the binder, the form retaining agent and the caloric augmentation agent are mixed with the resulting mixture is particularly preferred, and a single-screw or double-screw extruder may be used as a mixing machine. The use of a double-screw extruder is particularly desirable. A composition which has been compressed and extruded by the extruder is ejected from a prismatic or circular nozzle and cut to a suitable length to obtain a prismatic or cylindrical molded product.

"A solid fuel having a desired size can be obtained by setting the diameter of the cylindrical nozzle to 5 to 50 mm and the cut length to 10 to 100 mm.

"(g) Characteristic Properties of Solid Fuel

"The calorific value of the solid fuel is stable at 20 to 30 Mj/kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention comprises the waste wood, the used paper, the binder, the form retaining agent and the caloric augmentation agent in a balanced manner, has a highly stable calorific value and a great effect of suppressing the production of carbon dioxide and therefore is advantageously used as a fuel for thermal power generation."

For additional information on this patent application, see: Kiyama, Michihiro; Yamamoto, Masayuki. Solid Fuel. Filed September 17, 2010 and posted April 3, 2014. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=7140&p=143&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20140327.PD.&OS=PD/20140327&RS=P D/20140327

Keywords for this news article include: Chemicals, Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases, Creative Co. Ltd., Inorganic Carbon Compounds.

AN Document GLOWRM0020140411ea4e00037

WC 430 words

PD 11 April 2014

SN Science Letter

SC SCLT

LA English

LP 2014 APR 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- Investigators discuss new findings in Science. According to news reporting from Tamil Nadu, India, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Biodiesel fuel is found to be a promising alternative for the petroleum diesel based on the results published by the researchers for a decade. Biodiesel fuel is renewable and non degradable fuel."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Anna University, "Many countries use biodiesel fuel for automotives to meet the crisis due to the depletion of the petroleum fuel and to meet the stringent emission norms. Various researches have been carried out with different biodiesel fuels with vegetable oil as the source and appreciable results were reported. Few biodiesel fuels which have been already tested are Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, neem, cotton seed, etc. In this experimental work, Adelfa biodiesel blend is used as the test fuel. The emission and performance characteristics were compared with three other different biodiesel fuel blends. Appreciable results imply that Adelfa biodiesel (Nerium oil methyl ester) can be a futuristic biodiesel fuel, which has a good compatibility with the direct injection (DI) diesel engine without any major modification. Moreover, Adelfa can be cultivated in a non agricultural land with fewer sources of water. It is widely spread over all major countries of Asia. Experimental investigations have been carried out on a single cylinder DI diesel engine with standard engine specifications. In this experimental work, various Adelfa biodiesel blends is compared with reference fuel (diesel) to choose the best blend which gives a closer performance to diesel."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "The comparative analysis with other biodiesel fuels has also been done and results have been discussed."

For more information on this research see: Adelfa: a futuristic biodiesel fuel for DI diesel engines: a comparative experimental investigation. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2014;59(9):924-

Page 149 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 930. Chinese Science Bulletin can be contacted at: Science Press, 16 Donghuangchenggen North St, Beijing 100717, Peoples R China. (World Scientific Publishing - www.worldscientific.com/; Chinese Science Bulletin - www.worldscinet.com/csb/csb.shtml)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting A.R.P. Kumar, Anna University, Dept. of Automobile Engn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Additional authors for this research include K. Annamalai and S.R. Premkartikkumar.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Science, Tamil Nadu

CO anunch : Anna University Chennai

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document SCLT000020140404ea4b000qx

HD Bcil Zed Earth

CR Distributed by Contify.com

WC 1,142 words

PD 10 April 2014

SN Architecture Update

SC ATARCH

LA English

LP Yelahanka-Doddaballapur Main Road, Bangalore, India

Design Cell, BCIL ZED Habitats

TD The houses at Zed Earth, Yelahanka-Doddaballapur Main Road, Bangalore, Karnataka designed by in house designers of BCIL ZED Habitats, are built to be naturally cool, with a combination of elements that are woven into campus at large and in a way that these zero- energy homes are built to avoid heat gains. The project is awarded with 5 star SVAGRIHA certification with highest score of 48/50 points and is pursuing the IGBC Green Townships Platinum Rating.

The Zed Earth homes at Yelahanka-Doddaballapur Main Road, Bangalore, Karnataka designed by in-house designers of Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL) ZED Habitats, hug the landscape, offer sober and earthy ones that blend with the green around. The ZED Earth homes are grouped in theme-based clusters named Ashlars, Gabions, Icon Classic, Meteos, Kinship and Casablanca, which are gently blending with the natural habitat. Street scapes in these clusters have an identity that is distinct and personal. Each home responds to its unique position in the cluster with deference to its neighbours and to the cluster space, its particular directional orientation, or an unusual shape of the plot. All ZED Earth villas are designed to have the homes meld into the landscape. They are designed to offer vastu- compliant places with high ceilings, interesting sloped roofs, terraces, backyards, split levels that accentuate spaces, and private nooks that are designed for personal comfort.

Page 151 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Almost 70 per cent of the total electricity for the villas is generated by renewable sources. Each villa sports a 1.5 KW solar panel system tied to the grid. Gensets are installed for back- up power in all the projects which run on 20 - 30 per cent bio-diesel fuel (Jatropha/pongamia oil). Solar Hot Water Systems are installed against conventional geysers which reduces 50 per cent electricity load. Use of energy-efficient fixtures like CFLs, 40 Watt ceiling fans, and optimized design reduces the total internal lighting consumption by 60 per cent. 1.5 KW of wind turbine used in the township takes care of most the external lighting load.

The project promotes use of only 5-star-rated appliances/equipments. Installed air- conditioning systems use 5-50 per cent less energy compared to conventional ACs. These ZED AC's are fitted with fresh air inlets that bring in fresh air once the CO2 sensors sense excess of the same. They also have ionizers that break down volatile compounds into simpler elements. Motion-sensors are provided in all the villas as a part of energy management scheme.

100 per cent grid free for water needs is another specialty of this project. Effective groundwater recharging is followed in the entire site. Percolation pits have been designed at plot-, cluster-, and site-level to recharge the groundwater table and wells in the site. The overflow from the percolation pits is diverted to a nearby lake through a natural trail. 100 per cent rainwater harvesting is assured by roof top collection and storm water runoff diversion from each villa. Use of low-flow fixtures curtails the net water demand by as much as 35,000 liters a year per villa and saves around 105,000 liters of water per villa. Aerators are fixed to the taps to reduce and control the quantity of water flowing through the fixtures, yet maintaining the required optimal pressure. 100 per cent treatment of domestic sewage generated from individual villa by sewage treatment plant by a network of sewers. The sewage treatment plant treats the entire waste water and the treated water is used for landscaping through drip irrigation. With this, not a single drop of water in the site goes wasted and is not exported.

Optimum orientation minimizes solar heat gains, improves the thermal performance of the structures, and provides day lighting. Climate analysis of location is done for achieving maximum comfort through passive design strategies to minimize loads on air conditioning. Passive, breathable bio-walls at every Zed Home filter the air by capturing airborne pollutants and atmospheric deposits. These homes have aesthetically appealing water bodies at south side of the building. When the wind flows from south-west to north-east, it passes through the water pond and blows cool air into the homes. This lowers the indoor air temperature and reduces the AC load by 30 per cent in summer alone. Zed Homes have been installed with 100 per cent fresh air based ACs with CO2 sensors and ionizers. Walls are coated with Low- VOC water based paints and plasters. Internal doors and fixtures are coated with non-urea formaldehyde resins. This prevents sick building syndrome that is usually observed in the

Zed Home walls are constructed with engineered hollow blocks that weigh 17 kg against the conventional solid concrete blocks' 37 kg. Optimized design and structural efficiencies have contributed to reduction of over 25 per cent use of steel and concrete in all Zed projects. Zed- lite roads are constructed from construction debris and scrap steel. Driveways have permeable paving for better storm water percolation. The floorings use sustainably harvested bamboo that offer acoustic buffering. Engineered doors are made of reclaimed timber. Internal walls are plastered using gypsum plaster against conventional cement and natural river sand. Gypsum plastering reduce power bills as it has very low thermal conductivity. Zed Home terraces are coated with high albedo paints that bring a 15 percent reduction in cooling loads. Internal temperature drop of 5-6 degrees during peak summer.

Manufactured sand used in place of riverbed sand to manufacture the building blocks (this saves 10 sq km of riverbed for every 1 million sqft of construction). About 15-20 per cent fly- ash content is found in the triple- blend concrete which is used to make the basic building blocks. Natural stone are used for wall cladding and flooring (instead of energy - intensive tile cladding) in bathrooms. Natural Cuddapah Stone chajjas (shafts) with no concrete or reinforcement could be experienced. Site boundaries are defined with prefab micro concrete panels. Debris from the site has been reused within the site for back filling and soling purposes. Zed Earth has emerged to be the one of the largest residential enclave/community which doesn't rely on the outside world for energy, water, and waste management. The focus has been to achieve a fine balance between resident needs, ecological resource needs, and urban sustainability. Many green initiatives including water, waste water and solid waste management makes Zed Earth 100 percent self-sufficient from the external grid in these areas. The project has achieved 70 per cent self-sufficiency in power. They aim at being fully self-sufficient in the energy area too, in projects into the future.

IN i9212 : Sewage Treatment | ibcs : Business/Consumer Services | iewm : Environment/Waste Management NS ccat : Corporate/Industrial News

AN Document ATARCH0020140413ea4a0002y

Page 153 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Unigen, Inc. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Identification of Free-B-Ring Flavonoids as Potent Cox-2 Inhibitors", for Approval WC 4,196 words

PD 8 April 2014

SN China Weekly News

SC CHWKNW

PG 1908

LA English

LP 2014 APR 8 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at China Weekly News - - From Washington, D.C., VerticalNews journalists report that a patent application by the inventors Jia, Qi (Olympia, WA); Nichols, Timothy C. (San Diego, CA); Rhoden, Eric E. (Duluth, GA); Waite, Scott (Long Beach, CA), filed on August 19, 2013, was made available online on March 27, 2014.

The patent's assignee is Unigen, Inc.

TD News editors obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "The liberation and metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) from the cell membrane, results in the generation of pro-inflammatory metabolites by several different pathways. Arguably, the two most important pathways to inflammation are mediated by the enzymes 5- lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX). These are parallel pathways that result in the generation of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively, which play important roles in the initiation and progression of the inflammatory response. These vasoactive compounds are chemotaxins, which both promote infiltration of inflammatory cells into tissues and serve to prolong the inflammatory response. Consequently, the enzymes responsible for generating these mediators of inflammation have become the targets for many new anti-inflammatory drugs.

"Inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) is the mechanism of action attributed to most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). There are two distinct isoforms of the COX enzyme (COX-1 and COX-2) that share approximately 60% sequence homology, but differ in expression profiles and function. COX-1 is a constitutive form of the enzyme that has been linked to the production of physiologically important prostaglandins, which help regulate

Page 154 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. normal physiological functions, such as platelet aggregation, protection of cell function in the stomach and maintenance of normal kidney function. (Dannhardt and Kiefer (2001) Eur. J. Med. Chem. 36:109-26). The second isoform, COX-2, is a form of the enzyme that is inducible by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1.beta.(IL-1.beta.) and other growth factors. (Herschmann (1994) Cancer Metastasis Rev. 134:241-56; Xie et al. (1992) Drugs Dev. Res. 25:249-65). This isoform catalyzes the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from arachidonic acid (AA). Inhibition of COX-2 is responsible for the anti- inflammatory activities of conventional NSAIDs.

"Because the mechanism of action of COX-2 inhibitors overlaps with that of most conventional NSAID's, COX-2 inhibitors are used to treat many of the same symptoms, including pain and swelling associated with inflammation in transient conditions and chronic diseases in which inflammation plays a critical role. Transient conditions include treatment of inflammation associated with minor abrasions, sunburn or contact dermatitis, as well as, the relief of pain associated with tension and migraine headaches and menstrual cramps. Applications to chronic conditions include arthritic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Although, rheumatoid arthritis is largely an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by the degradation of cartilage in joints, reducing the inflammation associated with each provides a significant increase in the quality of life for those suffering from these diseases. (Wienberg (2001) Immunol. Res. 22:319-41; Wollhiem (2000) Curr. Opin. Rheum. 13:193- 201). In addition to rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation is a component of rheumatic diseases in general. Therefore, the use of COX inhibitors has been expanded to include diseases, such as systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) (Goebel et al. (1999) Chem. Res. Tox. 12:488-500; Patrono et al. (1985) J. Clin. Invest. 76:1011-1018), as well as, rheumatic skin conditions, such as scleroderma. COX inhibitors are also used for the relief of inflammatory skin conditions that are not of rheumatic origin, such as psoriasis, in which reducing the inflammation resulting from the over production of prostaglandins could provide a direct benefit. (Fogh et al. (1993) Acta Derm Venerologica 73:191-3). Simply stated COX inhibitors are useful for the treatment of symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as, the occasional ache and pain resulting from transient inflammation.

"In addition to their use as anti-inflammatory agents, another potential role for COX inhibitors is in the treatment of cancer. Over expression of COX-2 has been demonstrated in various human malignancies and inhibitors of COX-2 have been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of animals with skin, breast and bladder tumors. While the mechanism of action is not completely defined, the over expression of COX-2 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and increase the invasiveness of tumorgenic cell types. (Dempke et al. (2001) J. Can. Res. Clin. Oncol. 127:411-17; Moore and Simmons (2000) Current Med. Chem. 7:1131-44). It is possible that enhanced production of prostaglandins resulting from the over expression of COX-2 promotes cellular proliferation and consequently, increases angiogenesis. (Moore and

"There have been a number of clinical studies evaluating COX-2 inhibitors for potential use in the prevention and treatment of different type of cancers. Aspirin, a non-specific NSAID, for example, has been found to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by 40-50% (Giovannucci et al. (1995) N Engl J. Med. 333:609-614) and mortality by 50% (Smalley et al. (1999) Arch Intern Med. 159:161-166). In 1999, the FDA approved the COX-2 inhibitor CeleCOXib for use in FAP (Familial Ademonatous Polyposis) to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. It is believed that other cancers, with evidence of COX-2 involvement, may be successfully prevented and/or treated with COX-2 inhibitors including, but not limited to esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. (Jaeckel et al. (2001) Arch. Otolarnygol. 127:1253-59; Kirschenbaum et al. (2001) Urology 58:127-31; Dannhardt and Kiefer (2001) Eur. J. Med. Chem. 36:109-26). COX-2 inhibitors may also prove successful in preventing colon cancer in high-risk patients. There is also evidence that COX-2 inhibitors can prevent or even reverse several types of life-threatening cancers. To date, as many as fifty studies show that COX-2 inhibitors can prevent premalignant and malignant tumors in animals, and possibly prevent bladder, esophageal and skin cancers as well.

"Recent scientific progress has identified correlations between COX-2 expression, general inflammation and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). (Ho et al. (2001) Arch. Neurol. 58:487-92). In animal models, transgenic mice that over express the COX-2 enzyme have neurons that are more susceptible to damage. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) is launching a clinical trial to determine whether NSAIDs can slow the progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Naproxen (a non-selective NSAID) and rofeCOXib (Vioxx, a COX-2 specific selective NSAID) will be evaluated. Previous evidence has indicated inflammation contributes to Alzheimer's Disease. According to the Alzheimer's Association and the NIA, about 4 million people suffer from AD in the U.S.; and this is expected to increase to 14 million by mid-century.

"The COX enzyme (also known as prostaglandin H2 synthase) catalyzes two separate reactions. In the first reaction, arachidonic acid is metabolized to form the unstable prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), a cyclooxygenase reaction. In the second reaction, PGG2 is converted to the endoperoxide PGH2, a peroxidase reaction. The short-lived PGH2 non- enzymatically degrades to PGE2. The compounds described herein are the result of a discovery strategy that combined an assay focused on the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 peroxidase activity with a chemical dereplication process to identify novel inhibitors of the COX enzymes.

"Flavonoids are a widely distributed group of natural products. The intake of flavonoids has been demonstrated to be inversely related to the risk of incident dementia. The mechanism of action, while not known, has been speculated as being due to the anti-oxidative effects of flavonoids. (Commenges et al. (2000) Eur. J. Epidemiol 16:357-363). Polyphenol flavones induce programmed cell death, differentiation, and growth inhibition in transformed colonocytes by acting at the mRNA level on genes including COX-2, Nf kappaB and bcl-X(L). (Wenzel et al. (2000) Cancer Res. 60:3823-3831). It has been reported that the number of hydroxyl groups on the B ring is important in the suppression of COX-2 transcriptional activity. (Mutoh et al. (2000) Jnp. J. Cancer Res. 91:686-691).

"Free-B-Ring flavones and flavonols are a specific class of flavonoids, which have no substituent groups on the aromatic B ring, as illustrated by the following general structure:

"##STR00001##

"wherein

"R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH, OR, --SR, --NH.sub.2, --NHR, --NR.sub.2, -- NR.sub.3.sup.+X.sup.-, a carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, glycoside of a single or a combination of multiple sugars including, but not limited to aldopentoses, methyl-aldopentose, aldohexoses, ketohexose and their chemical derivatives thereof;

"wherein

"R is an alkyl group having between 1-10 carbon atoms; and

"X is selected from the group of pharmaceutically acceptable counter anions including, but not limited to hydroxyl, chloride, iodide, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, fluoride, carbonate, etc.

"Free-B-Ring flavonoids are relatively rare. Out of a total 9396 flavonoids synthesized or isolated from natural sources, only 231 Free-B-Ring flavonoids are known. (The Combined Chemical Dictionary, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Version 5:1 Jun. 2001).

"The Chinese medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis contains significant amounts of Free-B- Ring flavonoids, including baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and baicalenoside. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat a number of conditions including clearing away heat, purging fire, dampness-warm and summer fever syndromes; polydipsia resulting from high fever; carbuncle, sores and other pyogenic skin infections; upper respiratory infections, such as

Page 157 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. acute tonsillitis, laryngopharyngitis and scarlet fever; viral hepatitis; nephritis; pelvitis; dysentery; hematemesis and epistaxis. This plant has also traditionally been used to prevent miscarriage. (See Encyclopedia of Chinese Traditional Medicine, ShangHai Science and Technology Press, ShangHai, China, 1998). Clinically Scutellaria is now used to treat conditions such as pediatric pneumonia, pediatric bacterial diarrhea, viral hepatitis, acute gallbladder inflammation, hypertension, topical acute inflammation, resulting from cuts and surgery, bronchial asthma and upper respiratory infections (Encyclopedian of Chinese Traditional Medicine, ShangHai Science and Technology Press, ShangHai, China, 1998). The pharmacological efficacy of Scutellaria roots for treating bronchial asthma is reportedly related to the presence of Free-B-Ring flavonoids and their suppression of eotaxin associated recruitment of eosinophils. (Nakajima et al. (2001) Planta Med. 67(2):132-135).

"Free-B-Ring flavonoids have been reported to have diverse biological activity. For example, galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) acts as anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger and is believed to be a promising candidate for anti-genotoxicity and cancer chemoprevention. (Heo et al. (2001) Mutat. Res. 488(2):135-150). It is an inhibitor of tyrosinase monophenolase (Kubo et al. (2000) Bioorg. Med. Chem. 8(7):1749-1755), an inhibitor of rabbit heart carbonyl reductase (Imamura et al. (2000) J. Biochem. 127(4):653-658), has antimicrobial activity (Afolayan and Meyer (1997) Ethnopharmacol. 57(3):177-181) and antiviral activity (Meyer et al. (1997) J. Ethnopharmacol. 56(2):165-169). Baicalein and galangin, two other Free-B-Ring flavonoids, have antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cells. (So et al. (1997) Cancer Lett. 112(2):127-133).

"Typically, flavonoids have been tested for activity randomly based upon their availability. Occasionally, the requirement of substitution on the B-ring has been emphasized for specific biological activity, such as the B-ring substitution required for high affinity binding to p- glycoprotein (Boumendjel et al. (2001) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11(1):75-77); cardiotonic effect (Itoigawa et al. (1999) J. Ethnopharmacol. 65(3): 267-272), protective effect on endothelial cells against linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced toxicity (Kaneko and Baba (1999) Biosci Biotechnol. Biochem 63(2):323-328), COX-1 inhibitory activity (Wang (2000) Phytomedicine 7:15-19) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (Kalkbrenner et al. (1992) Pharmacology 44(1):1-12). Only a few publications have mentioned the significance of the unsubstituted B ring of the Free-B-Ring flavonoids. One example, is the use of 2-phenyl flavones, which inhibit NAD(P)H quinone acceptor oxidoreductase, as potential anticoagulants. (Chen et al. (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. 61(11):1417-1427).

"The reported mechanism of action related to the anti-inflammatory activity of various Free-B- Ring flavonoids has been controversial. The anti-inflammatory activity of the Free-B-Ring flavonoids, chrysin (Liang et al. (2001) FEBS Lett. 496(1):12-18), wogonin (Chi et al. (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. 61:1195-1203) and halangin (Raso et al. (2001) Life Sci. 68(8):921-

Page 158 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 931), has been associated with the suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase via activation of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma and influence on degranulation and AA release. (Tordera et al. (1994) Z. Naturforsch [C] 49:235-240). It has been reported that oroxylin, baicalein and wogonin inhibit 12-lipoxygenase activity without affecting cyclooxygenase. (You et al. (1999) Arch. Pharm. Res. 22(1):18-24). More recently, the anti-inflammatory activity of wogonin, baicalin and baicalein has been reported as occurring through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 gene expression induced by nitric oxide inhibitors and lipopolysaccharide. (Chen et al. (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. 61(11):1417-1427). It has also been reported that oroxylin acts via suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activation. (Chen et al. (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. 61(11):1417- 1427). Finally, wogonin reportedly inhibits inducible PGE2 production in macrophages. (Wakabayashi and Yasui (2000) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 406(3):477-481). Inhibition of the phosphorylation of mitrogen-activated protein kinase and inhibition of Ca.sup.2+ ionophore A23187 induced prostaglandin E2 release by baicalein has been reported as the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Scutellariae Radix. (Nakahata et al. (1999) Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 114, Supp. 11:215P-219P; Nakahata et al. (1998) Am. J. Chin Med. 26:311-323). Baicalin from Sculettaria baicalensis, reportedly inhibits superantigenic staphylococcal exotoxins stimulated T-cell proliferation and production of IL-1.beta., interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-.alpha. (TNF-.alpha.), and interferon-.gamma. (IFN-.gamma.). (Krakauer et al. (2001) FEBS Lett. 500:52-55). Thus, the anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin has been associated with inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokines mediated signaling pathways activated by superantigens. However, it has also been proposed that the anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin is due to the binding of a variety of chemokines, which limits their biological activity. (Li et al. (2000) Immunopharmacology 49:295-306). Recently, the effects of baicalin on adhesion molecule expression induced by thrombin and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (Kimura et al. (2001) Planta Med. 67:331-334), as well as, the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (MAPK) (Nakahata et al. (1999) Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 114, Supp 11:215P-219P; Nakahata et al. (1998) Am. J. Chin Med. 26:311-323) have been reported. To date there have been no reports that link Free-B-Ring flavonoids with COX-2 inhibitory activity.

"To date, a number of naturally occurring Free-B-Ring flavonoids have been commercialized for varying uses. For example, liposome formulations of Scutellaria extracts have been utilized for skin care (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,643,598; 5,443,983). Baicalin has been used for preventing cancer, due to its inhibitory effects on oncogenes (U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,995). Baicalin and other compounds have been used as antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulating agents (U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,921) and as natural anti-oxidants (Poland Pub. No. 9,849,256). Chrysin has been used for its anxiety reducing properties (U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,538). Anti-inflammatory flavonoids are used for the control and treatment of anorectal and colonic diseases (U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,371), and inhibition of lipoxygenase (U.S. Pat. No.

"Japanese Patent No. 63027435, describes the extraction, and enrichment of baicalein and Japanese Patent No. 61050921 describes the purification of baicalin."

As a supplement to the background information on this patent application, VerticalNews correspondents also obtained the inventors' summary information for this patent application: "The present invention includes methods that are effective in inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2. The method for inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2 is comprised of administering a composition comprising a Free-B-Ring flavonoid or a composition containing a mixture of Free-B-Ring flavonoids to a host in need thereof.

"The present also includes methods for the prevention and treatment of COX-2 mediated diseases and conditions. The method for preventing and treating COX-2 mediated diseases and conditions is comprised of administering to a host in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising a Free-B-Ring flavonoid or a composition containing a mixture of Free-B-Ring flavonoids and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

"The Free-B-Ring flavonoids that can be used in accordance with the following include compounds illustrated by the following general structure:

"##STR00002##

"wherein

"R is an alkyl group having between 1-10 carbon atoms; and

"X is selected from the group of pharmaceutically acceptable counter anions including, but not limited to hydroxyl, chloride, iodide, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, fluoride, carbonate, etc.

"The method of this invention can be used to treat and prevent a number of COX-2 mediated

Page 160 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. diseases and conditions including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, menstrual cramps, systemic lupus erythromatosus, psoriasis, chronic tension headaches, migraine headaches, topical wound and minor inflammatory conditions, inflammatory bowel disease and solid cancers.

"The Free-B-Ring flavonoids of this invention may be obtained by synthetic methods or extracted from the family of plants including, but not limited to Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Combretaceae, Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Lauranceae, Leguminosae, Moraceae, Pinaceae, Pteridaceae, Sinopteridaceae, Ulmaceae and Zingiberacea. The Free-B-Ring flavonoids can be extracted, concentrated, and purified from the following genus of high plants, including but not limited to Desmos, Achyrocline, Oroxylum, Buchenavia, Anaphalis, Cotula, Gnaphalium, Helichrysum, Centaurea, Eupatorium, Baccharis, Sapium, Scutellaria, Molsa, Colebrookea, Stachys, Origanum, Ziziphora, Lindera, Actinodaphne, Acacia, Derris, Glycyrrhiza, Millettia, Pongamia, Tephrosia, Artocarpus, Ficus, Pityrogramma, Notholaena, Pinus, Ulmus and Alpinia.

"The compositions of this invention can be administered by any method known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The modes of administration include, but are not limited to, enteral (oral) administration, parenteral (intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular) administration and topical application. The method of treatment according to this invention comprises administering internally or topically to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the individual and/or a mixture of multiple Free-B-Ring flavonoids from a single source or multiple sources that include, but not limited to, synthetically obtained, naturally occurring, or any combination thereof.

"This invention includes an improved method for isolating and purifying Free-B-Ring flavonoids from plants containing these compounds. The method of the present invention comprises: a) extracting the ground biomass of a plant containing Free-B-Ring flavonoids; b) neutralizing and concentrating said extract; and c) purifying said neutralized and concentrated extract. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the extract is purified using a method selected from the group consisting of recrystallization, precipitation, solvent partition and/or chromatographic separation. The present invention provides a commercially viable process for the isolation and purification of Free-B-Ring flavonoids having desirable physiological activity.

"The present invention implements a strategy that combines a series of biomolecular screens with a chemical dereplication process to identify active plant extracts and the particular compounds within those extracts that specifically inhibit COX-2 enzymatic activity and inflammation. A total of 1230 plant extracts were screened for their ability to inhibit the peroxidase activity associated with recombinant COX-2. This primary screen identified 22

Page 161 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. plant extracts that were further studied for their ability to specifically and selectively inhibit COX-2 in vitro in both cell based and whole blood assays. Those extracts that were efficacious in vitro were then tested for their ability to inhibit inflammation in vivo using a both air pouch and topical ear-swelling models of inflammation when administered by multiple routes (IP and oral). These studies resulted in the discovery of botanical extracts that inhibited COX-2 activity and were efficacious both in vitro and in vivo. These studies also resulted in the identification of specific Free-B-Ring flavonoids associated with COX-2 inhibition in each of these extracts. Applicant believes that this is first report of a correlation between Free-B- Ring flavonoid structure and COX-2 inhibitory activity.

"It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

"FIG. 1 depicts graphically the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 by HTP fractions from Scutellaria baicaensis. The extracts were prepared and fractionated as described in Examples 1 and 3. The extracts were examined for their inhibition of the peroxidase activity of recombinant ovine COX-1 (.box-solid.) or ovine COX-2 (.diamond-solid.). The data is presented as percent of untreated control.

"FIG. 2 depicts the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms of Free-B- Ring Flavonoids in organic extracts from Scutellaria lateriflora roots (FIG. 2A), Scutellaria orthocalyx roots (FIG. 2B) and Scutellaria baicaensis roots (FIG. 2C).

"FIG. 3 demonstrates the in vivo efficacy of Free-B-Ring Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicaensis on arachidonic acid induced inflammation. The in vivo efficacy was evaluated based on the ability to inhibit swelling induced by direct application of arachidonic acid as described in Example 9. The average differences in swelling between the treated ears and control ears are represented in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3B demonstrates the percent inhibition of each group in comparison to the arachidonic acid treated control.

"FIG. 4 illustrates the in vivo efficacy of Free-B-Ring Flavonoids isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis on inflammation induced by Zymosan. Zymosan was used to elicit a pro- inflammatory response in an air pouch as described in Example 9. Markers of inflammation including infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells (FIG. 4A), percent inhibition of MPO activity with in the air pouch fluid (FIG. 4B), and percent inhibition of TNF-.alpha. production (FIG. 4C) were used to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory activity of the Free-B-Ring Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis.

"FIG. 5 illustrates graphically the % change in composite WOMAC index scores following 60

Page 162 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. days of treatment with placebo, celebrex at a dosage of 200 mg/day, Univestin at a dosage of 250 mg/day and Univestin at a dosage of 500 mg/day as described in Example 11.

"FIG. 6 illustrates graphically the % change in WOMAC index scores of stiffness following 60 days of treatment with placebo, celebrex at a dosage of 200 mg/day, Univestin at a dosage of 250 mg/day and Univestin at a dosage of 500 mg/day as described in Example 11.

"FIG. 7 illustrates graphically the % change in WOMAC index scores related to physical function following 60 days of treatment with placebo, celebrex at a dosage of 200 mg/day, Univestin at a dosage of 250 mg/day and Univestin at a dosage of 500 mg/day as described in Example 11.

"FIG. 8 illustrates graphically the % change in WOMAC index scores related to pain following 60 days of treatment with placebo, celebrex at a dosage of 200 mg/day, Univestin at a dosage of 250 mg/day and Univestin at a dosage of 500 mg/day as described in Example 11."

For additional information on this patent application, see: Jia, Qi; Nichols, Timothy C.; Rhoden, Eric E.; Waite, Scott. Identification of Free-B-Ring Flavonoids as Potent Cox-2 Inhibitors. Filed August 19, 2013 and posted March 27, 2014. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=2033&p=41&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20140320.PD.&OS=PD/20140320&RS=PD /20140320

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, China, Japan, Synthase, Chemicals, Chemistry, Treatment, Pediatrics, Unigen Inc, Eicosanoids, Peroxidases, Dioxygenases, Legal Issues, Lipoxygenase, Nitric Oxide, Free Radicals, Prostaglandins, Metalloproteins, Nitrogen Oxides, Oxidoreductases, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Nonheme Iron Proteins, Science And Technology.

AN Document CHWKNW0020140404ea48000rl

HD In death, cobra gives birth to new life

BY Chetan R

WC 396 words

PD 7 April 2014

SN Bangalore Mirror

SC BANMIR

LA English

LP Before dying, a Spectacled Cobra which was found stuck in tar, gave birth to new life. The reptile, which was spotted during road asphaltation work at Bangalore University's Jnana Bharati campus, laid 27 eggs before it breathed its last. Around 4.

TD 30 pm on Thursday, the People for Animals (PFA) animal shelter in Kengeri got a call. It was the Bangalore University students on the other end. PFA general manager Kiran Sikander told "They told us that they had spotted a snake stuck in tar near the physics lab. We rushed our rescuers to the spot." Rescuers found the snake was so badly injured that it could barely move. It had suffered cuts and burns. Being stuck in tar for hours had taken its toll. Kiran said, "After giving it first aid, the PFA team smeared an oil mixture on snake's body to free it from tar. The oil mixture comprised pongamia and coconut oils. In the process of applying oil, the team noted that the cobra was carrying eggs." The reptile was rushed it to PFA shelter for further treatment.

Initially, the snake initially showed some signs of improvement. But its condition started deteriorating fast. The PFA team administered cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Kiran said, "PFA doctor Dr Karthik M was doubtful whether it would pull through the night." However, a surprise awaited the next morning. Dr Karthik said, "Not only was the snake alive but it had laid 19 eggs. The doctor checked its condition, and found that it was still not done laying eggs. Hence, it was left undisturbed. In the next three hours, it managed to lay three more eggs.

"Again its condition began to deteriorate. The snake was finding it difficult to breathe. CPR

30 pm on Friday." However, the doctor could still notice eggs in the snake's body. The reptile was cut open and all the five eggs were procured. In all, the snake gave 27 eggs. "Maybe she was holding on to lay eggs," Kiran said.

The eggs are now under artificial incubation. It may take about 50-60 days for them to hatch. "We hope that the eggs hatch successfully to make her sacrifice worthwhile," Kiran added.

CO bngun : Bangalore University

AN Document BANMIR0020140407ea470000a

WC 313 words

PD 4 April 2014

SN Science Letter

SC SCLT

LA English

LP 2014 APR 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- Current study results on Geology have been published. According to news reporting originating from Kolkata, India, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Four legume fruits (Fabaceae) from the Siwalik sediments (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) of Darjeeling and Arunachal Pradesh of Eastern Himalaya are described here."

TD Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the University of Calcutta, "One fossil fruit, Dalbergia prelatifolia sp. nov., is recovered from the lower part of the Siwalik succession (Gish Clay Formation of Sevok Group; middle to upper Miocene) of Darjeeling foothills. Mastertia neoassamica sp. nov. and Acacia miocatechuoides sp. nov. are collected from the lower part of the Siwalik succession (Dafla Formation; middle Miocene to upper Miocene), while Pongamia kathgodamensis Prasad is recovered from the upper part of the Siwalik succession (Kimin Formation; upper Pliocenelower Pleistocene) of Arunachal sub Himalaya."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "Their presence indicates a warm and humid tropical environment in the region during the Siwalik sedimentation."

For more information on this research see: On some fabaceous fruits from the Siwalik sediments (Middle Miocene-Lower Pleistocene) of Eastern Himalaya. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2014;83(2):165-174. Journal of the Geological Society of India can be contacted at: Springer India, 7TH Floor, Vijaya Building, 17, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110 001, India. (Springer - www.springer.com; Journal of the Geological Society of India - www.springerlink.com/content/0016-7622/)

The news editors report that additional information may be obtained by contacting M.A. Khan, University of Calcutta, Dept. of Bot, Kolkata 700019, India.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Kolkata, Geology

CO uocalc : University of Calcutta

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document SCLT000020140328ea44000n5

WC 212 words

PD 28 March 2014

SN Cosmetics International

SC CINT

PG 8

VOL ISSN: 0963-6137; Volume 38; Issue 847

LA English

LP French skin care brand Algotherm, which specialises in cosmetics based on marine derivatives, is launching a sun care range that the company says is respectful of the oceans.

The Algosun range, which was produced in collaboration with the TV magazine programme Thalassa, has five skus: Creme Solaire Visage (facial sun cream) SPF50+ (30.50 [euro]), Lait Solaire (sun lotion) SPF30, Huile Solaire (sun oil) SPF20, Emulsion Flydratante Reparatrice Visage & Corps (moisturising face and body lotion) and Huile Sublime Reparatrice Corps & Cheveux (face and hair oil).

TD All are based on a patented marine and vegetable complex based on oil of karanja, an Indian tree, Pongamia pinnata, known for its skin protection and antibacterial properties, and the red seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis, which offers natural anti-ageing properties and sun protection.

The products are free from parabens or phenoxyethanol, and they use only mineral filters such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Every year, according to Algotherm, around 15,000 tonnes of sun cream end up in the sea, with possible negative effects on marine biodiversity, including corals.

"The products have been submitted for a battery of tests designed to verify their environmental impact," said Emilie Simon, Head of R&D at Algotherm.

IN i258 : Cosmetics/Toiletries | icnp : Consumer Goods | ipcare : Personal Care Products/Appliances

AN Document CINT000020140422ea3s0000z

WC 443 words

PD 28 March 2014

SN Energy Weekly News

SC ENRGWK

PG 379

LA English

LP 2014 MAR 28 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Energy Weekly News -- Research findings on DNA Research are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting from Gauhati, India, by VerticalNews journalists, research stated, "The potentiality of Pongamia pinnata L. as a sustainable source of feedstock for the biodiesel industry is dependent on an extensive knowledge of the genome structure of the plant. Flow cytometry, with propidium iodide (PI) as the DNA stain, was used to estimate the nuclear DNA content of P. pinnata, with respect to Zea mays 'CE-777' as standard."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Indian Institute of Technology, "The internal and pseudo-internal standardization was followed on account of the inhibitory effect of secondary compounds on PI intercalation. The antioxidants (PVP-40 and beta-mercaptoethanol) were added to the nuclear isolation buffer for the reduction of inhibitory effect of P. pinnata cytosol. Nuclear DNA content estimation was done for P. pinnata leaves from different altitudes (37-117 m height from sea level) of Assam. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the nuclear DNA content of P. pinnata is 2.66 pg with predicted 1C value of 1,300 Mb using Z. mays as standard. Coefficient of variation in flow cytometric analysis was within the limit of 5 % indicating that the results were reliable. Somatic chromosome numbers were counted from root-tip cells and was found to be 2n = 22 corresponding to the diploid level (x = 11)."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "A decreasing trend in the nuclear DNA content was observed for the species of different altitudes."

For more information on this research see: Development of Flow Cytometric Protocol for Nuclear DNA Content Estimation and Determination of Chromosome Number in Pongamia pinnata L., a Valuable Biodiesel Plant. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,

Page 171 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 2014;172(1):533-548. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology can be contacted at: Humana Press Inc, 999 Riverview Drive Suite 208, Totowa, NJ 07512, USA. (Springer - www.springer.com; Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - www.springerlink.com/content/0273-2289/)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting A.M. Ramesh, Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Dept. of Biotechnol, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India. Additional authors for this research include S. Basak, R.R. Choudhury and L. Rangan.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, India, Energy, Gauhati, Biodiesel, Chromosomes, Oil and Gas, Cell Nucleus, DNA Research, Bioengineering, Intranuclear Space, Cellular Structures, Intracellular Space

IN i1 : Energy

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document ENRGWK0020140321ea3s0009m

PD 28 March 2014

SN Energy Weekly News

SC ENRGWK

PG 360

LA English

LP 2014 MAR 28 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Energy Weekly News -- Current study results on Sugar Alcohols have been published. According to news originating from Andhra Pradesh, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "Simultaneous esterification and transesterification method is employed for the preparation of biodiesel from 7.5% free fatty acid (FFA) containing karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil using water resistant and reusable carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived from glycerol in a single step."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, "The optimum reaction parameters for obtaining biodiesel in >99% yield by simultaneous esterification and transesterification are: methanol (1: 45 mole ratio of oil), catalyst 20 wt.% of oil, temperature 160 degrees C and reaction time of 4 h. After the reaction, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for five times with out any deactivation under optimized conditions."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "This single-step process could be a potential route for biodiesel production from high FFA containing oils by simplifying the procedure and reducing costs and effluent generation."

For more information on this research see: A green recyclable SO3H-carbon catalyst derived from glycerol for the production of biodiesel from FFA-containing karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil in a single step. Bioresource Technology, 2014;153():370-373. Bioresource Technology can be contacted at: Elsevier Sci Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Bioresource Technology - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/405854)

Page 173 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from B. Devi, Indian Inst Chem Technol, CSIR, Center Lipid Res, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Additional authors for this research include T.V.K. Reddy, K.V. Lakshmi and R.B.N. Prasad.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, India, Energy, Glycerol, Biodiesel, Oil and Gas, Andhra Pradesh, Bioengineering, Sugar Alcohols

CO nnccty : Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

IN i1 : Energy | i1300003 : Crude Petroleum Extraction | i13 : Crude Oil/Natural Gas | iextra : Natural Gas/Oil Extraction NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document ENRGWK0020140321ea3s0008y

SE MUMBAI

HD Blooming & sprouting in summer

BY Mahalakshmi Subramanian

WC 682 words

PD 21 March 2014

SN DNA - Daily News & Analysis

SC DNADAI

LA English

LP Want to give your abode a refreshing look this summer? If you are the type who doesn't mind getting the hands muddy, then gardening can be a fruitful indulgence this sunny season. Nature lovers have a plethora of tips to share on what to sow and grow. It is also interesting that there are many eager beavers in city who have added more saplings of vegetables, herbs, medicinal plants to their existing kitchen garden, finds Mahalakshmi Subramanian

For starters

TD Novices, who wish to take up gardening, can start with flowers to add more colour to your empty balcony or window sill. Chirag Dalvi, owner of Ganpatrao Farm and Nursery in Koparkhairane, rattles off a variety of colourful seasonal as well as perennial flowers.

Most are priced between Rs15 and Rs75, while some depending on the variety are priced between Rs100 and Rs250. "Calliandra, Lantana, Jatropha, Ixora, Plumbego, Dwarf Canna are some options as these bloom speedily. Each type of flower is available in at least three to four coloursm including red, pink, white, orange, yellow and purple," he says.

If you are looking for floral fragrance to fill up your balcony, then Murraya Exotica or Orange Jessamine, that is known as Kamini in Hindi, should be one of your picks.

Dalvi adds that many people who have a backyard want a shade and look for tree varieties

Page 175 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. like Gulmohar, Almond, Pongamia, Alstonia, Peltophorum and the like. "While it takes at least two to three years to mature to a decent height, it strikes people in the summer season only," he says.

Real food

There is nothing more rewarding than seeing vegetable buds and tendrils maturing in your balcony or terrace. Experts suggest that there are many variants of vegetables that are to be planted when summer starts to get a good harvest within three months.

"Okra, Cow Peas, Cucumber, Bottle Gourd, Ridge Gourd and Bitter Gourd, Tomatoes, Brinjal are the best bet. Lemon grass and mint also grow well," says Julius Rego, a member of Green Souls, a group that practises organic farming.

He stresses that composting kitchen waste and making natural manure is ideal to keep the veggie plants well-nourished. "Red mud that is usually used, does not retain water and hardens up, killing the plant. Whereas compost made of kitchen waste, dry leaves, cow dung retains a lot of moisture," he explains.

Sabita Rajendran, another member of the group, adds that the mixture enables bacteria and fungi to grow, thereby naturally aerating the soil.

"Also, vegetables require five to six hours of steady sunlight daily. In order to ensure that nutrients do not get washed away, one need not make holes in the bottom of the pot or bag; holes in the sides are more advisable," says Rajendran.

Take inspiration

Kitchen gardeners in city are aplenty and some have also added new saplings to their existing collection, picking up seeds from vegetable exhibition that take place in Navi Mumbai.

Strawberries are the latest entrant in CBD Belapur resident, Chitra Vaidya's kitchen garden. "Tomatoes and Chillies have started maturing. I have also included medicinal plants like Brahmi, Adulsa and greens like mint, curry leaves and spring onions," says Vaidya, who plants to grow Okra this summer. She also grows Basmati leaf that is also known as Pandan. "The smell of Basmati is released only when cooked," she adds.

Her neighbour Prachi Merchant has also added herbs like Thyme, Rosemary and greens like Asparagus, Betel leaves, Lemon grass. "We do composting at home by mixing kitchen waste. It takes around 15-20 days to be ready before using, but the results are worth the time

Manasvini Tyagi, a resident of Kharghar, has a kitchen garden on her society terrace that she manages along with her friend, Asmita. "I used tyres, bottles and drainage pipes to grow Cucumber, Cauliflower, Cluster Beans and gourds. We have around 20 pots of different vegetables and plan to add Cabbage and Broccoli," she says.

IN i0100216 : Vegetable Growing | i0 : Agriculture | i01002 : Horticulture

NS glife : Living/Lifestyle | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document DNADAI0020140320ea3l00079

PD 21 March 2014

SN Drug Week

SC DRGW

PG 185

LA English

LP 2014 MAR 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Current study results on Drugs and Therapies have been published. According to news reporting originating in Karnataka, India, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Ethnopharmacological relevance: Documentation of ethnomedicinal knowledge pertaining to the treatment of different types of skin diseases from the Central Western Ghats of India, a rich habitat of different ethnic communities. Frequent field surveys were carried out to invent the 'key informants' in the treatment of skin diseases in the study area."

TD The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Karnatak University, "The information was collected through semi-structured open ended interviews with questionnaire in their local Kannada language. All medicinal plants recorded for the treatment of skin diseases were photographed in the field; voucher specimens were made subsequently and are deposited in the Herbarium, P.G. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad. The information such as botanical name, status, family, vernacular name, habit and habitat, analysis like percentage of parts used, percentage of drug preparations, use value (UV), informants consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL) and correlation between UV and use mention (Np) of the plants are provided. In all, 48 informants were interviewed. Amongst which 38 were the 'key informants' who gave the information exclusively about the treatment of skin diseases. Among 102 plant species collected, seven species are endemic to India and eleven species have their nativity outside India. Twelve species could be considered as new claims for skin diseases as their use has not been mentioned in Ayurveda or any other research articles surveyed. Of all the drug formulations, paste is the most preferred method (50%) followed by oil extraction (18.89%), juice (14.44%), ash (4.44%) etc. The highest UV is for Pongamia pinnata, Naregamia alata, Randia dumetorum and Girardinia diversifolia (1.50 each). The treatment for different types of skin diseases by the herbal healers are classified

Page 178 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. into 13 categories, out of which ringworm scored the highest ICF value. Similarly, the 100% FL value scored was in the order of 10 plants for boils, 4 plants for different types of sore, 2 plants for ringworm, intertrigo, eczema and pruritus respectively. As Caesalpinia mimosoides and Basella alba in the treatment of boils, Hygrophila schulli for inter trigo, Cissus discolor for ringworm, Mammea suriga for eczema scored high FL and high Np value, they can be considered as important species. The documentation and data analysis of the ethnomedicinal knowledge in the coastal regions of Uttara Kannada district of Central Western Ghats have provided the information about important plants in the treatment of different types of skin diseases."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "Further scientific analysis of such plants may provide novel compounds for the treatment of skin diseases."

For more information on this research see: Ethnomedicinal plants to cure skin diseases-An account of the traditional knowledge in the coastal parts of Central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014;151(1):493-502. Journal of Ethnopharmacology can be contacted at: Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co, Clare, 00000, Ireland. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Journal of Ethnopharmacology - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/506035)

Our news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained by contacting P. Bhat, Karnatak Univ, PG Dept. of Studies Bot, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. Additional authors for this research include G.R. Hegde, G. Hegde and G.S. Mulgund.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Karnataka, Treatment, Drugs and Therapies

IN i257 : Pharmaceuticals | i951 : Health Care/Life Sciences

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

PD 19 March 2014

SN Journal of Engineering

SC JOENG

PG 985

LA English

LP 2014 MAR 19 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Journal of Engineering -- Data detailed on Thermal Engineering have been presented. According to news reporting out of New Delhi, India, by VerticalNews editors, research stated, "General research in the area of gasification of biomass includes either study of kinetics of pyrolysis or gasification of selected bios mass. A combined kinetic investigation of the pyrolysis of the de- oiled cake at various heating rates along with gasification of pelletized biomass was carried out in the present work."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Indian Institute of Technology, "It is found that the thermal decomposition of de-oiled cake occurs in three stages. Most of the material decomposed (similar to 60%) in stage-II between 166 degrees C and 480 degrees C. Kinetic parameters were obtained by differential and FWO methods. The activation energies are obtained in the range of 68.8-177.9 kJ/mol and 41.3-161.8 kilmol by differential method and FWO methods respectively. These results were consistent with those obtained in the literature. The TGA results show that a minimum heating rate (10 degrees C/min) and minimum activation energy (162 kJ/mol) is required for pyrolysis and gasification of de-oiled cake. The results of TGA were used to select the suitable size of pellets. De-oiled cake pellets of 17 mm and 11.5 mm diameter and length in the range of 10-68 mm were prepared and gasified in a 20 kWe downdraft wood gasifier. The complete gasification of pellets could not be achieved because of less porosity and more elasticity and presence of larger thermal gradient within the pellets."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "Pongamia de-oiled cake pellets of 17 mm and 11.5 mm diameters are not suitable for gasification."

Page 181 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information on this research see: Pyrolysis and gasification characteristics of Pongamia residue (de-oiled cake) using thermogravimetry and downdraft gasifier. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014;63(1):379-386. Applied Thermal Engineering can be contacted at: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Applied Thermal Engineering - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/630)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting L. Prasad, Indian Inst Technol, Dept. of Mech Engn, New Delhi 110016, India. Additional authors for this research include P.M.V. Subbarao and J.P. Subrahmanyam.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, New Delhi, Thermal Engineering

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document JOENG00020140314ea3j000m8

PD 11 March 2014

SN China Weekly News

SC CHWKNW

PG 657

LA English

LP 2014 MAR 11 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at China Weekly News -- A patent application by the inventor Gresshoff, Peter M. (Indooroopilly, AU), filed on November 18, 2011, was made available online on February 27, 2014, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by VerticalNews correspondents.

This patent application is assigned to The University of Queensland.

TD The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Pongamia pinnata (also known as Millettia pinnata) is a fast growing, deciduous tree that is an Indo-Malaysian species common in alluvial and coastal environments from India to Fiji including northern Australia, New Guinea, Malaysia, Southern China, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Pongamia pinnata is a 'tree legume' in that it comprises Rhizobium-nodulated roots that enable symbiotic nitrogen fixation from sources such as atmospheric and soil-borne nitrogen. It also can use mineralised nitrogen in the form of nitrate.

"Traditionally, Pongamia pinnata has been cultivated for ornamental gardens because of its attractive and abundant Wisteria-like flowers and abundant green foliage, and also for a variety of practical uses such as making cooking stove fuel, compost, strings and ropes and for extracting a black gum from its bark that is used to treat wounds caused by poisonous fish and in other traditional remedies. The seeds contain an oil (about 25-40% by weight) known as 'pongam' or 'honge' oil, which is a bitter, red brown, thick, non-drying, non-edible oil, which is used for tanning leather, in soap, as a liniment to treat scabies, herpes, and rheumatism and as an illuminating oil. This seed oil has a high content of triglycerides (containing up to about 55% oleic acid) which, in combination with the hardiness of the tree in poor soil

Page 183 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. conditions, has made Pongamia pinnata an attractive source of oil for the production of biofuels (e.g. biodiesel; Scott et al, 2008, Bioenergy Research 1 2-11).

"With this in mind, there is a need to identify and select Pongamia pinnata plants that have genetically-linked traits associated with the optimal production of biofuels, such as high seed oil content. However, Pongamia pinnata is an outbreeding, genetically diverse species and there has been little previous study of this genetic diversity, particularly at the level of individual trees. A study described in Sahoo et al., 2010, Plant Syst. Evol. 285 121-125 used inter-sequence simple repeat (ISSR) analysis to examine genetic diversity between pooled samples from trees of different Indian regional sub-populations of Pongamia pinnata. The reported ISSR analysis utilised primers for nucleic acid sequence amplification that were arbitrarily designed to have nucleotide sequence repeats, with or without a single nucleotide 5' extension, to enable randomly amplifying 'inter-repeat' genomic sequences. These amplified genomic sequences were used to assess genetic diversity between the pooled Indian tree populations, although there was no attempt to correlate genotype with phenotype."

In addition to the background information obtained for this patent application, VerticalNews journalists also obtained the inventor's summary information for this patent application: "The present inventors have identified a need for more detailed genetic analysis of Pongamia pinnata, particularly with a view to understanding genetic variation underlying traits that are desirable for biofuel production, growth adaptation and overall plant performance. The previous study referred to above did not investigate genetic diversity between individual Pongamia pinnata trees and utilized sub-optimal primers for nucleic acid sequence amplification that were not refined to target repeat sequences that exist in the Pongamia pinnata genome. In principle, this invention is broadly adaptable to plants of other species of the Pongamia genus as well as Pongamia pinnata (also known as Millettia pinnata).

"In a first aspect, the invention provides a method of producing an isolated nucleic acid suitable for nucleic acid sequence amplification, said method including the steps of: determining a genomic nucleotide sequence of a plant of the genus Pongamia according to 5'- (N.sub.x).sub.y(N).sub.z-3' wherein each N is the same or different nucleotide and wherein x=2, 3 or 4; y=5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; z=1, 2, 3 or 4; and producing an isolated nucleic acid comprising said nucleotide sequence.

"Suitably, the nucleotide sequence (N.sub.x) is different to the nucleotide sequence (N).sub.z.

"In a second aspect, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid suitable for nucleic acid sequence amplification, said isolated nucleic acid comprising, or consisting of, a genomic nucleotide sequence of a plant of the genus Pongamia according to 5'- (N.sub.x).sub.y(N).sub.z-3' wherein each N is the same or different nucleotide and wherein

"Suitably, the nucleotide sequence (N.sub.x) is different the nucleotide sequence (N).sub.z.

"In one particular embodiment of the aforementioned aspects, x=2 or 3.

"In another particular embodiment of the aforementioned aspects, y=8.

"In yet another particular embodiment of the aforementioned aspects, z=2 or 3.

"Specific embodiments of the isolated nucleic acid comprise a nucleotide sequence set forth in Tables 3, 4 and 5 (SEQ ID NOS:1-148).

"In a third aspect, the invention provides a method of genetic analysis including the step of using the isolated nucleic acid produced according to the first aspect, or the isolated nucleic acid of the second aspect, to amplify a plurality of amplification products from a nucleic acid sample obtainable from a plant of the genus Pongamia.

"In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method of genetic analysis including the step of using one or more primers comprising respective nucleotide sequences of at least a portion of one of the amplification products obtainable by the method of the third aspect to amplify one or more further amplification products from a nucleic acid sample obtainable from a plant of the genus Pongamia.

"In certain embodiments, the amplification products obtainable by the method of the third aspect comprise a nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS:149-184.

"In a fifth aspect, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS:149-184, or a fragment or variant thereof.

"In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method of genetic analysis including the step of using one or more primers comprising respective nucleotide sequences of at least a portion of a nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS:149-184 to amplify one or more further amplification products from a nucleic acid sample obtainable from a plant of the genus Pongamia.

"In a seventh aspect, the invention provides a kit for genetic analysis of a Pongamia plant, said kit comprising one or more isolated nucleic acids (i) produced according to the first aspect; (ii) according to the second aspect or; (iii) of at least a portion of a nucleotide sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS:149-184 and one or more additional

"In an eighth aspect, the invention provides a method of breeding a plant of the genus Pongamia, said method including the step of producing a progeny plant having a desired trait from one or more parent Pongamia plants, wherein at least one of the parent Pongamia plants is selected as having the desired trait by genetic analysis according to any of the aforementioned aspects.

"Suitably, according to the aforementioned aspects the plant of the genus Pongamia is of the species Pongamia pinnata.

"Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the words 'comprise', 'comprises' and 'comprising' will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

"Reference is made to the following Figures which assist in understanding non-limiting embodiments of the invention described in detail hereinafter wherein:

"FIG. 1 shows selected SOLEXA 75 bp reads picked for PISSR primers design; Selected SOLEXA 75 bp reads picked for PISSR primers design. The sequences in targeted different repeats of nucleotide core units (GA, AT, CA, and CT), which are anchored either at the 3' or 5' termini of the repeats by a 2 to 3 nucleotide extension; Sequences are SEQ ID NOs:191- 200 in order of listing.

"FIG. 2 shows molecular diagnostics of PISSR markers using PAGE and silver staining. Left: original silver-stained polyacrylamide gel, M, molecular weight marker (bp); 1-9, individual Pongamia trees; Right: Partially enlarged polyacrylamide gel, clearly displaying polymorphic and conservative bands. The PCR products were amplified with primer PISSR4. The PISSR marker size ranges from 350 to 1,800 bp;

"FIG. 3 shows molecular diagnostics of PISSR markers using capillary electrophoresis. This method is able to resolve fragments optimally in the size range of 80 to 400 bp by tagged fluorescent label HEX. Primer PISSR22 was used for displaying the genetic differences. The visualization of peaks is viewed in either a manner of semi-quantitative peak height or quantitative peak area. Position of red-coloured peak (ladder, from left to right): 350 bp; 360 bp. Position of green-coloured peak (from left to right): 346 bp, derived from both Pongamia trees G1-6 and G2-38 as conservative peak; 351 bp, Polymorphic peak in G1-6; 359 bp, Polymorphic peak in G2-38;

"FIG. 5 shows genetic similarity using the progeny derived from a single Pongamia mother tree (T1) based on multiple PISSR markers;

"FIG. 6 shows reproducibility of PISSR markers derived from PISSR6 using clonal Pongamia trees. 1=mother tree W35; 2=clonal duplicate of W35; 3=mother tree W25; 4=clonal duplicate of W25;

"FIG. 7 shows nucleotide sequences of 'inter-repeat' genetic markers amplified by PISSR markers (SEQ ID NOS:149-184), including those referred to in Tables 6 and 7. Putative functional homologies to related sequences from M. trunculata, L. japonicus and/or Glycine max are also indicated."

URL and more information on this patent application, see: Gresshoff, Peter M. Pongamia Genetic Markers and Method of Use. Filed November 18, 2011 and posted February 27, 2014. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=13&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20140220.PD.&OS=PD/20140220&RS=PD/20 140220

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, Energy, Biofuel, Malaysia, Nitrogen, Oil and Gas, Bioengineering, The University of Queensland.

CO tuoqa : The University of Queensland

IN i2569 : Biotechnology | i951 : Health Care/Life Sciences

AN Document CHWKNW0020140307ea3b000g4

Page 188 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Energy Snapshot (No. of pages: 58) FRPT Research, 3 March 2014, 16443 words, (English) Energy Snapshot FRPT Research 1 Oil companies to set up new ventures for renewable power projects in India, abroad In a bid to boost renewable energy generation, oil giants like ONGC and Indian Oil Corp will form new companies to set up ...

SE IBUKOTA & DAERAH

HD PONTIANAK-BORAS RESMIKAN PROGRAM KOTA BERSIH DAN HIJAU

WC 311 words

PD 3 March 2014

SN Antara

SC ANTAID

LA Bahasa Indonesia

LP Oleh Rendra Oxtora

Pontianak, 3/2 (Antara) - Pemerintah kota Pontianak bekerjasama dengan Pemerintah Kota Boras, Swedia, meresmikan program Kota Khatulistiwa Hijau dan Bersih ("Clean and Green Equator City") yang merupakan realisasi dari kesepakatan tahun 2012.

TD "Hal ini merupakan tindaklanjut dari penendatangan Letter of Intent (LoI) pada Oktober 2012. Dan sudah kita realisasikan melalui launching kegiatan hari ini," kata Wakil Wali Kota Pontianak, Edi Kamtono di monumen Tugu Khatulistiwa, Senin.

Dia menjelaskan, bentuk kerja sama tersebut akan direalisasikan dalam hal pengolahan sampah dan air bersih.

Edi menjelaskan, Pontianak merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan ruang hijau bagi masyatakat, mengingat Kalbar merupakan salah satu patu-paru dunia yang menuntut setiap pemerintah daerah untuk bisa menggiatkan penghijauan.

"Melalui program ini kita harapkan bisa lebih meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan lingkungan," tuturnya.

Page 189 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Dalam kesempatan itu juga, Edi menjelaskan kepada rombongan dari Swedia tentang keberadaan tugu Khatulistiwa yang berada Kota Pontianak menjadi satu-satunya kota yang dilintasi garis khatulistiwa di antara negara-negara lainnya

"Setiap dua kali dalam setahun kita melaksanakan peringatan titik kulminasi matahari yang merupakan fenomena alam ketika matahari tepat berada di garis khatulistiwa atau nol derajat. Pada saat itu, posisi matahari akan tepat berada di atas kepala sehingga menghilangkan semua bayangan benda-benda dipermukaan Bumi"kata Edi.

Pada peristiwa kulminasi tersebut, bayangan Tugu akan menghilang beberapa detik saat diterpa sinar matahari. Demikian juga dengan bayangan benda-benda lain di sekitar tugu.

Sementara itu, Kepala Dinas Pekerjaan Umum (PU) Kota Pontianak, Ismail menuturkan selain kunjungan ke lapangan langsung, dalam peresmian kegiatan itu juga sekaligus akan dilalukan penanaman 4.000 pohon.

"Penanaman pohon secara simbolis dan akan dilanjutkan menanam pohon diseluruh Kota Pontianak. 3.000 pohon eucalyptus deglupta dan 1.000 pohon pongamia pinnata," tuturnya.

(U.KR-RDO/C/Z. Abidin/Z. Abidin) 03-03-2014 12:30:35

AN Document ANTAID0020140303ea330028l

BY Scott Cooney

WC 3,152 words

PD 1 March 2014

SN Hawaii Business

SC HIB

PG 27

VOL Volume 59; Issue 9; ISSN: 04405056

LA English

LP It's sometimes easy to believe the famous saying: Build a better mousetrap and the world will beat a path to your door. But when the market is already full of mousetraps, and your R&D is better than your marketing, that knock on your door may never come.

Oceanit didn't wait. The Fort Street Mall-based engineering firm developed the InteliSocket, a clever device that helps customers manage the electricity used by their appliances. The company had some funding, but lacked the connections, capacity and know-how to commercialize it. Luckily for Oceanit and other clean-energy innovators, clean-tech incubation has arrived in Hawaii.

TD That incubator is a 501(c)3 called the Energy Excelerator, which is funded by both government and private money. In 2013, its first year, the Excelerator supported Ibis Networks (the Oceanit spinoff that produces the InteliSocket) and seven other startups. With the Excelerator's support, Oceanit spun off Ibis Networks to help commercialize the InteliSocket, under the leadership of CEO Michael Pfeffer.

"Doing business in Hawaii is all about connections," Pfeffer says, "and the Energy Excelerator helped connect us to early-market adopters and synergistic software providers." The Excelerator also helped get Ibis in front of the owners of large buildings and the National Guard, as well as Silicon Valley angel investors. It helped Ibis set milestones that investors want to see, and to leverage the growth funds it provided into matching funds that then

Senior manager Dawn Lippert says the Excelerator helps incubate businesses by going beyond financing. "We have a six-month program for seed-stage companies and a 12-month program for growth-stage companies that focus on mentorship, market research, go-to-market strategies and creating strategic partnerships. It takes a lot of moving parts to help an energy startup succeed," she says.

The 2014 crop of incubated companies includes nine seed-stage companies, each of which will receive $30,000 to $100,000 from the Excelerator, and six growth-stage companies, which will each receive up to $1 million. One change from last year: This time the selection committee specifically looked for complementary services.

"Ibis Networks and People Power are perfectly synergistic," Lippert says. Ibis focuses on the hardware used by large commercial customers, while People Power, part of the Energy Excelerator's 2014 cohort, focuses on residential applications, software and behavior modifications. "They need each other for rapid growth," she says.

Companies in the first cohort, which went through their support period in 2013, included kWh Analytics, which was founded by Punahou grad Richard Matsui, one of Forbes magazine's 30 Under 30, who is based in San Francisco. kWh Analytics provides data to the solar financing community - an "independent, statistically valid, Big Data view on how panels, inverters and systems perform," according to Matsui.

The data have many uses, but their prime use is to "make solar affordable for all by attacking solar's biggest problem: the high cost of capital," Matsui says. Investors can be more confident in deploying capital when they're more convinced of the diminished risk quantified by independent analytics, he says. Lower risk means cheaper financing, and that reduces the cost of future solar installations.

Late in 2013, clean-tech giant SolarCity announced the first sale of a bundled solar security, valued at $54 million. The assets are not home mortgages, but photovoltaic solar leases that SolarCity signed with homeowners, who got PV systems at no money down. Such financing deals are possible because of better data from a company like kWh.

Perhaps more important for Hawaii, though, kWh Analytics' data can help HECO and other utilities manage the intermittency of solar by giving them better predictive capacity for actual power generated by on-grid solar. This should allow more solar power to be reliably added to the grid.

Page 192 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. For kWh, the Energy Excelerator was a launchpad. The company is now monitoring and providing data from roughly 10,000 solar installations, has received a prestigious SunShot award of $450,000 from the federal Department of Energy and is in the process of signing a joint research agreement with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

The Energy Excelerator received $30 million from the Navy which will be used to support clean-energy startups over the next five years. In return, military representatives joined the Excelerator's selection committee and all the companies picked this year had to show their products or services could help the military cut its dependence on foreign oil and energy costs.

Lippert says this year's Excelerator cohort will receive more executive mentoring than last year's. "We used to have mentors who were technical or legal or investors," she says, but now "each company has a lead mentor who's built a company in a similar or related field. It's the difference between having someone on the outside telling you how it should be done, and having someone with some battle scars roll up their sleeves and help you do it."

Gene Wang, CEO of People Power - a growth-stage company in this year's cohort - is mentoring Oroeco, a seed-stage company. Oroeco is developing a web platform that helps align people's spending with their values. "I really like what Oroeco is doing," Wang says. "I hope to help them land an investor, and to help them develop a world-class product."

Wang helped the company by doing a deep dive through the user interface of Oroeco's beta product, and spent a lot of time with the Oroeco team to help it build a sustainable corporate culture. Wang's expertise with People Power really lies in mobile technology, and Wang helped guide the Oroeco entrepreneurs through the experience that users will go through. "Hopefully I'll also be able to give them some moral support that will get them through some times of trouble and help them along the long road that startups walk."

The Excelerator is creating a flexible co-working space for energy startups on the fifth floor of 1000 Bishop St. (one floor above the offices of Hawaii Business). The space will be a "hub for the clean-energy innovation community," according to Lauren Tonokawa, communications specialist for the Excelerator.

To win the Energy Excelerator's support, applicant companies had to demonstrate how their technology would be deployed in Hawaii and later expanded beyond. The nine seed-stage companies in the 2014 cohort represent early-stage technologies that, with few exceptions, are not at the point of commercialization. The six growth-stage companies generally have a product in testing phase and are looking for financing and connections that will help them grow.

Here are the startups that will be supported by the Energy Excelerator in 2014:

TRANSPORTATION AND BIOENERGY

AutoWatts helps consumers pair the purchase of an electric vehicle with a photovoltaic system. Many potential EV and PV customers are intimidated by the process and paperwork, so AutoWatts simplifies them for consumers and gives auto dealers an extra revenue stream when they sell EVs. Car dealers may prefer selling regular cars because they earn less revenue over time on electric vehicles - EVs require less maintenance and no oil changes, and have much simpler architecture than cars with internal combustion engines. By helping replace these lost revenue streams, AutoWatts gives car dealers a greater incentive to sell EVs.

www.autowatts.com

TerViva has proprietary varieties of the Pongamia tree that thrive on marginal agricultural land and can supplement farmers' incomes. The non-GMO tree produces a nut high in oil and protein; the oil can become a biofuel and the leftover seedcake can feed cattle.

Naveen Sikka, founder and CEO of TerViva, says the yield and harvesting methods of the Pongamia make it a great fit for Hawaii. Its fruit can be harvested using nut-shaking equipment similar to what macadamia farms use, "and, in the early years, you can get mixed use of the land with cattle grazing and even intercropping," he says.

In early trials, the biofuel yield has been about 400 gallons per acre per year, or roughly eight times that of sunflower or camelina, Sikka says. The company is testing the technology in fields in Kunia and outside Haleiwa, as well as some fields outside Hilo. Targeted acreage in the next 12 months is about 350 total on the two islands.

Sikka says the Excelerator is a great facilitator for getting clean technologies to market. "Not all companies are ready on Day One for commercial financing, so the Energy Excelerator is in place to bridge that gap," he says. "We see the EE grant getting us to the point where future Pongamia orchards can be established in Hawaii with more traditional capital."

www.terviva.com

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

BrightWind is a spinoff from Navatek Ltd., and aims to increase the profitability of wind farms

Page 194 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. by increasing efficiency with on-blade actuators. The actuators are added to traditional wind turbine blades to help turbines respond to changing wind and climate conditions to achieve maximum efficiency.

www.navatekltd.com

"Effortless Energy aims to make home-energy efficiency the no-brainer it ought to be," says founder and CEO Claire Tramm, a former McKinsey consultant. The company is currently developing an "Effortless Upgrade" that costs customers nothing. It starts by sending an "energy genius" to a customer's home. The genius assesses appliances, insulation, air sealing and air conditioning; if, for example, there is an opportunity to swap an old energy-hog refrigerator for a more efficient model, the company would pay the full cost. It files the needed paperwork for rebates with the local municipality or the state, then coordinates the installation with a qualified local contractor. The company plans to make money by sharing in the savings generated over time from the customer's utility bills.

The Effortless Upgrade is guaranteed to save customers money from day one while costing nothing up-front. And because the model is a service agreement and not a loan, it doesn't crowd out customers' ability to borrow or require them to take any of the energy-savings risk. The company is currently working with the state Public Utility Commission to collect payment for its efficiency service off customers' utility bills. The company hopes to expand its model to small businesses in the near future.

goeffortless.com.

Ibis Networks: Covered earlier.

www.ibisnetworks.com

Open Power Quality aims to be a catalyst for crowdsourcing power-quality data. Developed by UH professor Philip Johnson, the company aims to use devices in homes to monitor power fluxes and real-time events so grid operators have better data and can improve grid efficiency.

openpowerquality.org

Oroeco is developing a social platform so users can align their personal values with their everyday spending, investments and lifestyle. By linking to data from mint.com, Oroeco can track customers' spending on airfare, lodging, food and retail and estimate their personal carbon footprints. The company then gives specific recommendations to help them reduce their footprint and offers them the chance to buy carbon offsets.

www.oroeco.com

PeoplePower taps into the power of smartphones so homeowners can monitor and control their electric devices. The company sells smart-grid hardware and couples it with its mobile app. As a side benefit, residents can monitor their homes with live video streaming.

www.peoplepowerco.com

Pono Home: See story at right. (See end of article)

ponohome.com

Pyro-E's proprietary technology harvests vehicular and industrial waste heat to improve energy efficiency. More than 60 percent of all energy used in the U.S. is lost as heat, says Dr. Kevin Lu, Pyro-E's founder and CEO. Recovering and reusing lost heat will save money and reduce carbon emissions. Pyro-E is working on developing a pilot project with a large industrial partner in Honolulu.

www.pyro-e.com

SMART GRID AND ENERGY STORAGE

Amber Kinetics is developing a kinetic-energy storage system. The hardware is a grid- connected flywheel system that gets charged when excess power is available, and then mechanically discharged when needed - effectively serving as a low-cost battery. The company says three innovations make its rotor system more efficient than its predecessors: magnetic bearings, low-cost rotors and a high-efficiency motor generator.

amberkinetics.com

Ambri is deploying liquid-metal battery technology that was invented in the laboratory of Donald Sadoway at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sadoway has studied "extreme electrochemical processes" for 40 years, according to the company, and, together with David Bradwell and Luis Ortiz, founded Ambri to bring the liquid-metal battery technology to market. The company has a manufacturing center in Massachusetts and is working on expanding the technology to Hawaii.

www.ambri.com

Page 196 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Ballast Energy CEO Bryan Ho was raised in Honolulu and understands the need for high- performance energy storage. He and co-founder Bryan Ng met in the graduate program of MIT's materials science department and developed a low-cost lithium-ion battery. For them, the Excelerator is more about connections than financing.

"The Energy Excelerator provides us with the opportunity to establish a relationship early, with the prime market for grid-tied energy storage, through mentorship activities and energy- specific development activities," Ho says.

"Hawaii is the perfect market because it's a relatively isolated grid, which makes the intermittency problem particularly painful. Grid storage is one of a few options available to deal with that problem, but definitely an important part of the mix of technical solutions."

ballastenergy.com

Shifted Energy, a Kanu Hawaii project, deploys smart-grid, interactive demand-response solutions to capitalize on wasted off-peak energy production. Olin Lagon, executive director of Kanu Hawaii and founder of Shifted Energy, says a lot of wind energy is produced at night, when demand is low and winds are often higher. That energy is wasted, but Shifted Energy's technology stores the energy in grid-tied water heaters. Shifted Energy has signed two contracts to field test the technology across several thousand homes.

shiftedenergy.com

Stem is trying to improve energy storage, which has long been called the holy grail of clean energy because it smooths out the intermittency of solar and wind. The cost of storage remains high, but the payoff to big users is huge. "Cost savings for end customers are the direct benefit," says Leesa Lee, senior director of marketing at Stem, "but, in the process of flattening energy spikes at customer locations, we also alleviate the burden on the grid."

Stem's battery technology allows customers to harvest excess energy when that energy is cheap and store it for later use and, in some cases, sell it to neighboring businesses during peak demand hours. Stem has contracts for energy storage at about 150 sites and recently announced Stem Zero, a no-money-down option that allows customers to pay the company back with a share of the energy savings. Lee says Stem recently closed a deal with General Electric to help scale its technology.

www.stem.com

ORIGINS

The Energy Excelerator has a startup story itself. It officially launched less than two years ago, but its roots go back to 1983, when a state charter helped found the Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PICHTR), which operates as a 501(c)3 nonprofit. PICHTR's mission: catalyze development and deployment of sustainable energy and infrastructure technologies.

The energy startup program at PICHTR began in 2009, when it received $9 million in grants from the federal Department of Energy. The program leveraged that funding into more than $13 million in projects with 17 clean-energy companies, including Pacific Biodiesel, Sopogy, Referentia, HNu Energy and Kuehnle AgroSystems. The companies have already experienced some early successes, including pioneering the use of oil-refinery waste for algae cultivation and integrating real-time grid-visualization tools into utility control rooms to help operators manage renewable energy.

The companies also hit some roadblocks in bringing their technologies to market. So Dawn Lippert and Maurice Kaya from PICHTR crisscrossed the mainland researching different approaches to tech commercialization and interviewing dozens of clean-tech entrepreneurs. They created the Energy Excelerator in late 2012, with a focus on funding companies' go-to- market strategies (not just their technology scaleup), recruiting energy entrepreneurs as mentors, and supporting a mix of mainland and Hawaii-based companies to encourage peer- to-peer learning and network sharing.

Over the years, Lippert and Kaya have worked with 32 clean-energy companies. Those companies have generated almost $20 million in revenues and raised an additional $55 million in follow-on funding, Lippert says.

SUSTAINABILITY, ONE HOME AT A TIME

We all want to live sustainably, so what better place to start than in our homes?

Scott Cooney, founder of a startup called Pono Home, can show you how. In fact, he and his colleagues will do the work for you. One of them will come to your home, ask how you're using energy, answer your questions and provide immediate fixes.

"We provide a ton of solutions on the spot to help people reduce their energy and water (use and costs)," Cooney says. "Instead of just auditing, we actually do. We bring in light bulbs, faucet aerators, shower heads, flow valves, flow restrictors - plenty of efficiency hardware - and we do a bunch of installations and help save people money."

Page 198 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Pono Home service began in August and the two- to three-hour service includes installations and costs $80. Cooney is so confident in the service that he guarantees "if people don't save $80 in the course of a year, they get their money back." In fact, he says, most people save the $80 in two to six months.

Cooney's background is in sustainability education and he teaches a sustainability course at UH's Shidler College of Business each fall.

"I created a business case for sustainability by educating people about it. What it means to be sustainable: cutting waste, cutting energy, cutting paper, cutting water use."

PONO Home

312-0850

ponohome.com

HAWAII'S ADVANTAGE

Many economic-development agencies in the U.S. have created and subsidized clean-tech incubators like Hawaii's Energy Excelerator. Silicon Valley may get most of the clean-tech headlines, but Las Vegas, Austin, San Diego and other areas have made incubating a clean- tech industry a key part of their strategy for economic growth. However, Hawaii provides clean-tech companies with many advantages:

* Electricity that costs more than three times the national average;

* 90-percent dependence on foreign oil for electricity and transportation, meaning high prices and high volatility;

* An aggressive statewide energy policy of 70-percent clean energy by 2030;

* Motivated customers, including the U.S. Pacific Command; and

* A geographic gateway for U.S. companies into fast-growing Asian markets.

IPC 9190 | 9520 | 8130 | 1520

IPD News | United States | Small business | Investment services | Energy policy

PUB Hawaii Business Publishing Corp.

AN Document HIB0000020140423ea310000p

HD KSRTC green move grinds to halt

WC 825 words

PD 27 February 2014

SN Deccan Herald

SC DECHER

LA English

LP Smriti Sharma Vasudeva, Bangalore, Feb 26, 2014, DHNS:

In what seems to be curtains for the much-appreciated green initiative of KSRTC, the State- run corporation is no longer able to run its buses on biofuel, thanks to the Ministry of Petroleum changing its policy on the price of bulk fuel being provided at subsidised rates to state transport undertakings (STUs).

TD Consequently, the KSRTC has been forced to buy fuel from private petrol stations and is unable to mix ethanol and biofuel (Pongamia oil), mechanism for which is available only at the KSRTC depots.

The green initiative, launched five years ago by KSRTC - the first STU in the country to do so - helped the corporation save Rs 3.5 crore on fuel annually. Besides, the mileage of each of its buses run partially on biofuel increased by five miles and considerably reduced emission levels.

Hurdles

KSRTC Managing Director N Manjunatha Prasad told Deccan Herald that the corporation had not been running its buses on biofuel and ethanol-mixed diesel for several months now, considering the high cost of purchasing fuel in bulk, compared with the price of diesel in the open market.

"The buses have to now get diesel filled at private bunks, which do not have the facility for mixing fuel. For its part, the State government made efforts to revert to the previous system

Page 201 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. with the chief minister writing to the Union government and even the STUs making several requests to the Union Petroleum ministry, but to no avail. Later, legal recourse was also taken, but even that did not help as even the highest court's order was not in the favour of the corporation. We can restart the project only when the price of regular diesel matches the price of bulk diesel," he said.

Initially, KSRTC experimented with biodiesel with a ratio of 90 per cent high-speed diesel and 10 per cent Pongamia oil. Later, along with Pongamia oil, ethanol was also mixed and blended with regular diesel to an extent of seven per cent.

Depots such as Doddaballapur, Mandya and Bangalore used Pongamia as a blending agent, while Mysore, Davangere and Ramanagara used ethanol.

KSRTC had launched the blending of diesel with ethanol and a mix of Pongamia oil in 2005, in about 80 buses belonging to the Doddaballapur depot.

The project was extended to several other depots, including Bangalore, and about 1,000 buses were running on biofuel mixed diesel till a few months ago.

Consequently, the KSRTC has been forced to buy fuel from private petrol stations and is unable to mix ethanol and biofuel (Pongamia oil), mechanism for which is available only at the KSRTC depots.

Hurdles

Page 202 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. "The buses have to now get diesel filled at private bunks, which do not have the facility for mixing fuel. For its part, the State government made efforts to revert to the previous system with the chief minister writing to the Union government and even the STUs making several requests to the Union Petroleum ministry, but to no avail. Later, legal recourse was also taken, but even that did not help as even the highest court’s order was not in the favour of the corporation. We can restart the project only when the price of regular diesel matches the price of bulk diesel,” he said.

Depots such as Doddaballapur, Mandya and Bangalore used Pongamia as a blending agent, while Mysore, Davangere and Ramanagara used ethanol.

KSRTC had launched the blending of diesel with ethanol and a mix of Pongamia oil in 2005, in about 80 buses belonging to the Doddaballapur depot.

The project was extended to several other depots, including Bangalore, and about 1,000 buses were running on biofuel mixed diesel till a few months ago.

ART DH file image

NS gpol : Domestic Politics | gcat : Political/General News | gpir : Politics/International Relations

AN Document DECHER0020140226ea2r00096

WC 472 words

PD 26 February 2014

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 119

LA English

LP 2014 FEB 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Research findings on Antioxidants are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating from Dehradun, India, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Biodiesel has been recognized as a 'green fuel', being the most attractive substitute to the conventional petro-diesel. The unsaturated fatty acids present in biodiesel are susceptible to oxidation."

TD Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Department of Chemistry, "One of the main criteria used for the quality assessment of biodiesel is 'storage oxidation stability'. Oxidation of the esters during the long-term storage can lead to problems for the utilization of biodiesel in the engine directly. Therefore, the addition of additives is required to protect the oxidation of biodiesel. This study investigates the effect of antioxidant additives on oxidation stability of neat biodiesel [Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME)] and its diesel blends. KOME was prepared by methanolic KOH catalyzed transesterification of Karanja oil, which was produced from a non-edible oil feedstock from Indian sub-continent. Various diesel-biodiesel blends (B5, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B40) were prepared with conventional diesels sold at retail outlets of Northern India. Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), tert-Butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), Propyl-gallate (PrG) and Pyrogallol (PY) antioxidant additives were selected for this study. Significant improvement in oxidation stability as well as in density and kinematic viscosity of diesel-biodiesel blends was observed with all antioxidants studied. PY, PrG and BHA were found most effective among all antioxidants tested, and their use in diesel/biodiesel blends showed a greater stabilizing potential. All the samples were stored at room temperature in air-tight bottles under ambient conditions."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The aim of this study is to find the minimum required concentration of most effective antioxidant to meet the storage oxidation stability specifications."

For more information on this research see: Impact of additives on storage stability of Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) biodiesel blends with conventional diesel sold at retail outlets. Fuel, 2014;120():30-37. Fuel can be contacted at: Elsevier Sci Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Fuel - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/30420)

The news editors report that additional information may be obtained by contacting D.S. Rawat, Univ Petr & Energy Studies, Dept. of Chem, Dehra Dun 248007, India. Additional authors for this research include G. Joshi, B.Y. Lamba, A.K. Tiwari and S. Mallick.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Antioxidants, Biotechnology, India, Energy, Dehradun, Biodiesel, Oil and Gas, Bioengineering, Protective Agents

NS gbiot : Biotechnology | gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document BIWK000020140221ea2q0001r

HD Where hope grows on Pongamia trees

WC 1,131 words

PD 23 February 2014

SN Deccan Herald

SC DECHER

LA English

LP Bangalore, Feb 22, 2014, DHNS:

It was a year of severe drought. People in Kasavanahalli in Chitradurga were struggling for drinking water. Farmers here had nothing much to look forward to as the fields had gone barren. A district official gave them the suggestion to plant pongamia (honge) saplings.

TD Nine years on, the villagers have begun to appreciate the potential of the biofuel plant. Today, they have planted more than two lakh saplings of pongamia. They have even begun exporting its seeds for biofuel production.

At a national conference on 'Accelerating Biofuel Programmes in India' flagged off here on Saturday, farmers from several villages shared their success stories in cultivating honge. Kasavanahalli Ramesh, a farmer from Kasavanahalli, has been a beneficiary of this change. Now, even if there is scanty rainfall, at least the land is not parched as the honge trees ensure enough shade. When all other crops fail to give them returns, they have honge to fall back on. Ramesh exports the honge seeds to Israel.

"When we started, we were given Rs 10 to plant a sapling. Earlier, we used to cut these trees without knowing their value."

In a similar case in Belgaum, Shivaji Kaganikar and his friends have planted nearly 30,000 to 40,000 saplings in and around three villages. The villagers are now looking forward for better support from the State government so that they can enhance their productivity and start extracting honge oil for self-sustenance in energy.

Page 206 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. "We hope that the government soon gives us equipment to generate the oil which can be used to run vehicles and other machinery," says Kaganikar.

The Karnataka State Biofuel Development Board (KSBDB) had organised the conference, in co-ordination with the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. On the occasion, the Board also launched its new bilingual website.

Addressing the gathering, G V Krishna Rau, the additional chief secretary, called for a coherent biofuel policy. "It is not just about activism. It is also about economy," he said, encouraging those involved to make biofuel production economically viable.

New biofuel park this year

A new biofuel park would come up at Challakere in Chitradurga district this year, A K Monnappa, managing director of KSBDB, said. There are three biofuel parks at present. One in Hassan, one in Hatti Gold Mines and the other in Dharwad.

Speaking about the market for biofuel, he said the market for honge seeds had grown a lot. While earlier, they used to get Rs two per kg of seeds, now the price has gone up to Rs 18 per kg.

Y B Ramakrishna, former executive chairman of KSBDB, told the audience that Karnataka had good economic programmes to support biofuel, but they need to be scaled up. "With slight alterations, the Karnataka model can be replicated at the national level," he said. Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the programme, Ramakrishna said the biofuel programme had now passed the stages of scepticism and opposition and it was time for it to scale new heights.

Ramakrishna said the Board could do with some more funding. Last year, Rs 9.5 crore was allotted to the Board, but the amount announced was eventually not allocated completely. About Rs 8 crore to Rs 10 crore would be sufficient for the Board, he said, adding that the government departments involved needed to take a more active approach.

Nine years on, the villagers have begun to appreciate the potential of the biofuel plant. Today, they have planted more than two lakh saplings of pongamia. They have even begun exporting its seeds for biofuel production.

"When we started, we were given Rs 10 to plant a sapling. Earlier, we used to cut these trees without knowing their value."

"We hope that the government soon gives us equipment to generate the oil which can be used to run vehicles and other machinery," says Kaganikar.

New biofuel park this year

Speaking about the market for biofuel, he said the market for honge seeds had grown a lot. While earlier, they used to get Rs two per kg of seeds, now the price has gone up to Rs 18 per kg.

Page 208 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the programme, Ramakrishna said the biofuel programme had now passed the stages of scepticism and opposition and it was time for it to scale new heights.

AN Document DECHER0020140222ea2n0008h

HD ‘Biofuel Potential Under-utilised Despite Development’

WC 589 words

PD 23 February 2014

SN New Indian Express

SC NIEXPR

LA English

LP ‘Biofuel Potential Under-utilised Despite Development’

Express News Service

TD Bangalore: Though biofuel development has been reasonably well over the last 4 years, its potential has not been utilised fully. Coordination between different stakeholders is required to take forward the development of bio-fuel as an energy source, said Additional Chief Secretary and Development Commissioner G V Krishna Rau here on Saturday. Speaking at a national conference on accelerating biofuel programmes in India, organised by the Karnataka State Biofuel Development Board (KSBDB) and supported by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, he said, “Some drive should be taken up by the government to push biomass in a big way in villages, by giving incentives to villagers, which will make them self- reliant.” Touching upon the possible commercial opportunities from biofuel, he said more research was needed to fine-tune the energy source which can energise villages and provide energy security. Former executive chairman, KSBDBY, B Ramakrishna, said the Karnataka biofuel model was being followed at the national level and the UN was also thinking on the same lines. “Initially, there were doubts about this programme,” said Ramakrishna. He said the budget allocation this time to promote biofuel was scaled down to `1.5 crore and many want it revised. Around 5 to 7 lakh tonnes of pongamia and neem seeds are produced by farmers annually. Through awareness programmes, farmers can be encouraged to use schemes like MNREGA for biofuel production, he said. Board Managing Director A K Monappa said they have asked for `4.5 crore towards biofuel from the current budget. Last year, `9.5 crore was assigned towards biofuel. The amount given in the current budget is very less, he added. The development of biofuel in the State was lauded by Secretary to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Satish B Agnihotri. “The State has practiced what it preached in developing biofuel,” Agnihotri

Page 210 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. said. An English version of the KSBDB’s website www.biofuelkarnataka. com was also launched. Farmers and others who had promoted biofuel were felicitated on the occasion. Green Hero Shivaji Kaganikar (62), a Gandhian from Belguam district, was a special invitee at the conference for his contribution of planting over 2.5 lakh saplings that yield biofuel, since 1998. He said, “A need to bring water and to get more alternatives to biogas to help women in my district motivated me. This can be done by planting trees in villages that will absorb surface water and prevent soil erosion. The groundwater will be recharged in this way,” said Kaganikar. He said he and his friend S J Joe Channekala founded the NGO Jana Jagarna Vedike in Belgaum. A German citizen, Rudolf, helped in watershed programmes. Kaganikar said many check dams, counter trenches and bunds were constructed, and trees were planted on the trenches and bunds. Forest Department officials were contacted for tree saplings. Schools and farmer units were approached to help in afforestation efforts. Trees have been planted in Kattebhavi, Bambarga, Guramatti, Ninganatti and Handiganur villages and surrounding areas. “Over 50 per cent of trees that we have planted in Belgaum district are cashew as it is suited for this soil. Each tree gives a minimum yield worth `500 in a season,” he added. “As per a study, there should be 33 per cent green cover in Belgaum itself, but it is below 20 per cent. Through this programme we hope to plant more plants -- especially pongamia and cashew -- which can be used for biofuel,” said Kaganikar.

AN Document NIEXPR0020140223ea2n00013

PD 21 February 2014

SN Ecology, Environment & Conservation

SC ECECON

PG 42

LA English

LP 2014 FEB 21 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Ecology, Environment & Conservation -- Data detailed on Tree Genetics and Genomics have been presented. According to news reporting originating from Karnataka, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "A study of genetic diversity in Pongamia pinnata representing 33 candidate plus trees (CPT) was undertaken in five agro-ecological zones of Southern Peninsular India. Eleven primer combinations generated 532 bands with an average of 48 bands per primer combination."

TD Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Kuvempu University, "E-ACG/M- GCC showed the highest polymorphism of 98.80 %. E-ACG/M-GCC, E-CAA/M-CTG, and E- CAG/M-GTG with higher polymorphic information, marker index, and resolving power were found to be effective in detecting unique bands. Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's indices of 0.159 and 0.247, respectively, indicated the presence of high gene diversity in southern dry and transition zones of Karnataka. The inter-population differentiation between zones (G (ST)) was 0.296. The level of gene flow (Nm) estimated was 1.34. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 44.78 % of variance occurred within the provenance when compared to variations among agro-ecological zones (22.22 %) and among provenances within zones (33 %). Based on un-weighted pair group method using arithmetic averages method, the pongamia accessions were grouped into three major clusters and four sub-groups depending on their geographical locations."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The diverse CPT identified in this study could be selected and used for tree breeding, germplasm conservation, and biofuel program in India and other tropical countries."

Page 212 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information on this research see: Genetic analysis of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre populations using AFLP markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2014;10(1):173-188. Tree Genetics & Genomes can be contacted at: Springer Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 17, D- 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. (Springer - www.springer.com; Tree Genetics & Genomes - www.springerlink.com/content/1614-2942/)

The news editors report that additional information may be obtained by contacting H.R. Pavithra, Kuvempu Univ, Dept. of Appl Bot, Sch Biosci, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India. Additional authors for this research include M.B. Shivanna, K. Chandrika, K.T. Prasanna and B. Gowda.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Karnataka, Agriculture, Agro-ecological, Tree Genetics and Genomics

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document ECECON0020140214ea2l00004

SE Sunday Best

HD VTU vehicles run on its biodiesel

BY Ravindra Uppar TNN

WC 323 words

PD 9 February 2014

SN The Times of India - Bangalore Edition

SC TOIBAN

LA English

LP Belgaum: The Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) has found a way to deal with rising fuel prices.

The university makes its own biofuel that helps run its vehicles in its 'Jnana Sangama' campus in Belgaum, at an affordable cost.

TD VTU had established a Biofuel Information and Demonstration Centre in Belgaum a year ago, with support from Karnataka State Biofuel Development Board.

The centre provides information to farmers, researchers, entrepreneurs and public at large on the cultivation of different bio-fuel plants, processing, marketing and so on.

This centre tapped the green fuel potential and now manufactures 25-40 litres of bio-diesel every day to run five vehicles, including a tractor.

According to Chidanand Gavimanth, special officer at the centre, biodiesel gives a mileage that is on par with conventional diesel.

Also, it is ecofriendly because it doesn't emit smoke.

Further, the diesel vehicle engine needn't be altered for using bio-diesel.

The centre buys nonedible biofuel plants like Pongamia (Honge), Jatropha, Neem and others from nearby farmers and converts them into biodiesel.

Speaking to STOI, vicechancellor H Maheshappa said the biofuel centre is the most ambitious project of VTU."Looking at the positive response, I plan to grow biofuel plants on the campus," he said.

Maheshappa feels more people should cultivate bio-fuel plants and the university will purchase any amount of plants.

TIMES VIEW

VTU has shown the way in fuel conservation by opting for bio-diesel to run its vehicles.

With fossil fuels constrained by depleting reserves, the thrust is on using renewable energy sources.

But the cost-effectiveness of bio-fuels was seen as a barrier.

VTU has cracked that.

It has reduced production costs despite going for small-scale manufacture and making biodiesel cheaper than diesel.

This formula needs to be adopted and advertised so that more people start reaping the benefits of affordable greenenergy.

IN i35104 : Electric/Gas/Biofuel Vehicles | i351 : Motor Vehicles | iaut : Automotive

AN Document TOIBAN0020140209ea290000q

Page 215 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Chemical Snapshot (No. of pages: 28) FRPT Research, 3 February 2014, 8100 words, (English) Chemical Industry Snapshot FRPT Research 1 Wacker expands technical centre in Kolkata German chemical group Wacker has announced the expansion of its technical centre for silicone products in Amtala near Kolkata. Operated by the joint ...

HD Herbs to the Rescue When Obesity Strikes

BY Sheela Rani Chunkath

WC 612 words

PD 2 February 2014

SN The Sunday Standard

SC SUNSAN

LA English

LP If you have water retention in the body, the churnam that ayurvedic vaidyars prefer to use is the Upanaha Lepa Churnam. If you have a knee or ankle pain accompanied with swelling this churnam is extremely effective in tackling it. It is made by mixing equal quantities of powdered dried ginger, tubers of Alpinia galangal (chitharathai in Tamil) and Acorus Calamus (vasambu in Tamil), horse gram (kollu in Tamil), bark of the drumstick tree and dill seeds (sadha kuppai in Tamil). The powdered mixture has a distinctly herbal smell, which I love.

TD In ayurvedic practice, the churnam is applied to reduce fat in obese patients, in reducing kapham and swellings. Basically it is mixture used to reduce kapha in the system. The powder is used as an external application by mixing a few teaspoonsful of the powder in water that is got after washing rice. The mixture is heated and then applied to the swollen part. I was a little surprised that the water used should be water that is got after washing rice. Apparently it imparts a little stickiness to the mixture and the starch and vitamins are helpful in reducing kapha.

All the ingredients used can be generally classified as heat producing and often used for treating coughs and colds. Dried ginger tea is given when you have a bad cold. Similarly dill

Page 216 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. seeds are added to rasam when someone has a bad cough or cold at home. Chitharathai is a grandmother’s remedy for coughs and colds and used in much the same way as dried ginger. Kollu or horse gram is again made into a rasam to deal with coughs and colds. It is also used in cases of obesity. The same principle applies in both treatments. Obesity is often seen as a vitiation of kapha, the body is bloated due to water retention and treating it helps in weight reduction. Coughs and colds are also a result of vitiation of kapha and herbs which are pungent and termed ‘hot’ help in alleviating the condition. Vasambu or Acorus Calamus about which I have written earlier is again something that is given for coughs and colds for alleviating kapha. Drumstick tree bark reduces swelling and is used as an astringent.

Upanaha Lepa Churnam with its six ingredients acts to reduce swelling, reduce pain, decrease kapha to fight obesity. The churnam is applied externally although all the ingredients are edible and have important medicinal uses. The churnam has a delightful smell. In some ayurvedic clinics the churnam is mixed with the chopped leaves of nochi (Vitex Negundo), erukku (Calatropis Sp. ), adathoda (Adathoda Vasica) and pongam (Pongamia Glabra) and boiled. The steam is then directed to the swollen knee or tender back muscles. It helps in reducing the swelling and reducing pain. The steam has a lovely herbal smell emanating from the powders and herbs and is very soothing and healing. This powder can easily be made at home and applied wet in case of localized swelling. In case of general obesity, it is applied as a dry powder all over the body. One should generally get this done in an ayurvedic clinic as the powder can burn very sensitive skin, as all the herbs are heat producing. However, it is safe to use and can be used at home after checking your skin sensitivity to the churnam.

The writer was earlier Health Secretary, Tamil Nadu, and is currently Additional Chief Secretary, and Chairman and MD, Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Development Corporation.

She can be reached at [email protected].

Earlier articles can be accessed at www.arogyamantra.blogspot.com

AN Document SUNSAN0020140202ea2200013

WC 108 words

PD 28 January 2014

SN Chemical Weekly

SC CHEWEE

PG 126

LA English

LP The US-based Natural Sourcing has expanded its portfolio with the addition of karanja oil into its range of speciality oils used in innovative personal care and natural pest repellent products. Karanja oil, extracted from the seeds of the flowering tree Pongamia glabra, is suited for cosmeceutical applications like inclusion to moisturizers, hair care, skin care and wound-healing products. It is also used as an insecticide, antiseptic and pet care product. Original Source: Chemical Weekly, http://www.chemicalweekly.com/, Copyright Sevak Publications & Chemical Weekly Database P Ltd 2014.

Chemical Weekly

TD Website: http://www.chemicalweekly.com

AN Document CHEWEE0020140304ea1s0000y

HD ICAR Files Patent Application for a Process for Pretreatment of Jatropha/Pongamia Seed Before Oil Expulsion to Reudce Free Fatty Acids in Oil and to Increase Oil Yield for Higher Biodiesel Recovery CR Distributed by Contify.com

WC 547 words

PD 14 January 2014

SN Indian Patent News

SC ATPATN

LA English

LP New Delhi, Jan. 14 -- India based Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) filed patent application for a process for pretreatment of jatropha/pongamia seed before oil expulsion to reudce free fatty acids in oil and to increase oil yield for higher biodiesel recovery. The inventors are Dr Indavarapu Srinivas, Dr Venkat Manohar Mayande, Dr Korada Viswanatha Sharma, Dr Gandhe Rajeswarrao and Dr Sushil Kumar Yadav.

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) filed the patent application on May 11, 2009. The patent application number is 1084/CHE/2009 A. The international classification number is C11C.

TD According to the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks, "The invention is related to the process applied to the to Jatropha and Pongamia seeds before mechanical expelling of oil from the conventional and modified expellers to get more oil yield and to reduce the free fatty acids by controlling the oxidation during oil extraction process to increase the biodiesel recovery from the oil with transesterification. In prior art of conventional process of oil extraction, mechanical expellers are used to expel the oil out of the seeds by using screw pressing in India. How ever, all the conventional expellers are basically designed for edible oil seeds which are very soft and contain more oil per unit volume. But the Jatropha and Pongamia seeds vary in size and shape consists of more wax and gums in the form of phospatides than the normal oil seeds. In normal process, the oil expulsion from these seeds demands more pressure in the expeller oil chamber which increases the chamber temperature above 80 and increases the oxidation rate of the oil due to some oxidative

Page 219 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. enzymes in the seed and results in increase of free fatty acids in the end product. The oxidation rate will be more under higher temperature conditions. The increase in free fatty acids also increases the viscosity of the oil which will have a negative effect for biodiesel production. Keeping all these points in view, a novel process is developed and tested for pretreatment of seed to expel the oil and to prepare Biodiesel at Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad. This process consists of pretreating the Pongamia/ Jatropha seed before oil expulsion with optimum concentration of NaOH solution. It involves soaking the seed for 20-30 minutes in the NaOH aqueous solution at 80 C and drying the seed in open sun for 2 hours. This process reduces the activity of the oxidative enzymes present in the seed. It also opens up the cells of the oil glands present in the seed which results in more oil recovery during mechanical"

About the Company

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Formerly known as Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi.

CO icoarq : Indian Council of Agricultural Research

AN Document ATPATN0020140114ea1e000b9

HD Intellectual Property India Publishes Patent Application for 'Process for Pretreatment of Jatropha/Pongamia Seed before Oil Expulsion to Reudce Free Fatty Acids in Oil and to Increase Oil Yield for Higher Biodiesel Recovery' Filed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) WC 677 words

PD 14 January 2014

SN Indian Government News

SC HTINGN

LA English

LP MUMBAI, Jan 14 -- Intellectual Property India has published a patent application (1084/CHE/2009 A) filed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, on May 11, 2009, for 'a process for pretreatment of jatropha/pongamia seed before oil expulsion to reudce free fatty acids in oil and to increase oil yield for higher biodiesel recovery.'

The application for the patent - which was invented by Indavarapu Srinivas, Venkat Manohar Mayande, Korada Viswanatha Sharma, Gandhe Rajeswarrao and Sushil Kumar Yadav - was published on Jan. 10, under issue no. 02/2014.

TD According to the abstract released by the Intellectual Property India: "The invention is related to the process applied to the to Jatropha and Pongamia seeds before mechanical expelling of oil from the conventional and modified expellers to get more oil yield and to reduce the free fatty acids by controlling the oxidation during oil extraction process to increase the biodiesel recovery from the oil with transesterification. In prior art of conventional process of oil extraction, mechanical expellers are used to expel the oil out of the seeds by using screw pressing in India. How ever, all the conventional expellers are basically designed for edible oil seeds which are very soft and contain more oil per unit volume. But the Jatropha and Pongamia seeds vary in size and shape consists of more wax and gums in the form of phospatides than the normal oil seeds. In normal process, the oil expulsion from these seeds demands more pressure in the expeller oil chamber which increases the chamber temperature above 80 and increases the oxidation rate of the oil due to some oxidative enzymes in the seed and results in increase of free fatty acids in the end product. The

Page 221 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. oxidation rate will be more under higher temperature conditions. The increase in free fatty acids also increases the viscosity of the oil which will have a negative effect for biodiesel production. Keeping all these points in view, a novel process is developed and tested for pretreatment of seed to expel the oil and to prepare Biodiesel at Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad. This process consists of pretreating the Pongamia/ Jatropha seed before oil expulsion with optimum concentration of NaOH solution. It involves soaking the seed for 20-30 minutes in the NaOH aqueous solution at 80 degree C and drying the seed in open sun for 2 hours. This process reduces the activity of the oxidative enzymes present in the seed. It also opens up the cells of the oil glands present in the seed which results in more oil recovery during mechanical oil extraction process. Since the seed becomes soft with loosened tissues, the load on the oil expeller reduces which intums reduces the specific energy requirement. This process helps in reducing the blockage of cake which results in reduction in temperature in the oil chambers. All these factors reduce the free fatty acids in oil with significant increase in oil recovery. If the pretreated oil consists of free fatty acids less than 3 %, single stage transesterification can be used with Potassium hydroxide as catalyst with optimum concentration. Other wise two stage transesterification is to be preferred to produce Biodiesel with sulphuric acid as acid catalyst in first stage and Potassium hydroxide as base catalyst in second stage with optimum concentration. The above said process enhances the oil recovery by 4-6 % with low free fatty acids with reduction in viscosity. This also increases the Biodiesel recovery by 6-9 % based on the feed stock. The viscosity of the Pretreated Biodiesel will be less when compared to the untreated Biodiesel. The fuel characteristics of the Pretreated Biodiesel will be superior over the conventional one."

CT For any query with respect to this article or any other content requirement, please contact Editor at [email protected] CO icoarq : Indian Council of Agricultural Research

AN Document HTINGN0020140114ea1e0006j

HD Green manure, a natural way to keep soil alive

BY Dr. Muhammad Tahir

WC 610 words

PD 12 January 2014

SN Technology Times

SC ASTECH

VOL V

LA English

LP The green manuring is defined as a practice of ploughing in the green plant parts or adding the plant parts (branches, leaves, etc.) from outside and incorporating them into soil for the purpose of improving soil fertility and plant used for this means is termed as green manures.

Green manure crop is cultivated either in that place where green manuring is going to be done or can be brought from a distance. Record shows that best result of green manuring obtained from those crops which mainly belong to leguminous particularly pod bearing beans because they have an ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soil. Some commonly cultivated green manure crops are Mung bean (Vigna radiate L.), Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), Soybean (Glycine max L.), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), cluster bean (Guar) (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.), cowpea (Vigna sinesis L.) etc.

TD An ideal green manure crops should possess the following traits: it should be of short duration show and high seedling vigour; should have fibrous root system; ability to produce high green bio-mass and N in 5-6 weeks; site specific i.e. crop should be established easily in local conditions; it should be tolerant to shade, drought and adverse temperature; have ability to fix maximum nitrogen in soil; it should be easy to incorporate and quickly decomposable; seed easily available in market as well as affordable; not closely related to the following crop as they can attract pests and disease.

When you are going to select green manure crops, just keep in mind some basic and

Page 223 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. important principles for getting best results. These principles are: fast growth and easily established; inexpensive; it should have the ability to generate good ground cover; should be multipurpose crop that grows on poor soils and not with the main crop; crop selected for green maunring should suit the soil and climatic condition of that region for example jantar and sunhemp is suitable for well irrigated crops, sesbania is suitable for rice growing areas, leaves of Gliricidia spium (cacao) for banana growing regions, guara for canal regions, arhar for barani areas, etc.

Green manuring has many advantages discussed as follows:

Improve physical condition of soil by the addition of organic matter and biological nitrogen fixation

Increase conservation and availability of nutrients

Control over disease, weed and erosion

Provide shade to soil to keep soil cool

As green manure crops grown as a cover or catch crop which results in utilization of excess fertilizer and minimize loss by leaching

Provides habitat for natural enemies and increase population of beneficial microbes by enhancing their growth

Incorporation of Pongamia and Neem leaves helps to control many insects/mite

Increase water holding capacity of soil, improve its aeration and increase porosity

Caution exchange capacity of soil is increased and toxic effects of heavy metals is decreased

How are green manures used? Farmers often see the benefits of green manure but many of them do not use because they do not know how to use and include in the farming system. Burying should be done at that time when crops attain maximum vegetative portion. Green manure crops are directly ploughed into soil about 3-4 weeks before the main crop. To get maximum benefit from green manure crops, it is important to plough them before they begin to flower or fruit. In the case of trees, the leaves and tender branches are cut and then ploughed into the soil. Crop is grown right there where it is utilized, that makes the costs negligible.

AN Document ASTECH0020140121ea1c0001d

PD 8 January 2014

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 976

LA English

LP 2014 JAN 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Data detailed on Pharmacology have been presented. According to news reporting from Shah Alam, Malaysia, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is one of the many plants with diverse medicinal properties where all its parts have been used as traditional medicine in the treatment and prevention of several kinds of ailments in many countries such as for treatment of piles, skin diseases, and wounds. This review discusses the current knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of this species in order to reveal its therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from University Teknologi MARA, "This review is based on literature study on scientific journals and books from library and electronic sources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, ACS, etc. Several different classes of flavonoid derivatives, such as flavones, flavans, and chalcones, and several types of compounds including terpenes, steroid, and fatty acids have been isolated from all parts of this plant. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts, and single compounds of this species exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. The results of several toxicity studies indicated that extracts and single compounds isolated from this species did not show any significant toxicity and did not cause abnormality on some rats' organs. Thus, this plant has a potential to be used as an effective therapeutic remedy due to its low toxicity towards mammalian cells. However, further study on chemical constituents and their mechanisms in exhibiting certain biological activities are needed to understand the full phytochemical profile and the complex pharmacological effects of this plant."

Page 226 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "In addition, further study on the toxicity of the other compounds isolated from this plant required to be assessed to ensure their eligibility to be used as sources of drugs."

For more information on this research see: Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013;150(2):395- 420. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Journal of Ethnopharmacology - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/506035)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting L.M. Al Muqarrabun, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Additional authors for this research include N. Ahmat, S.A. Ruzaina, N.H. Ismail and I. Sahidin.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Pharmaceuticals, Drugs, Therapy, Malaysia, Shah Alam, Chemicals, Treatment, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry.

NS gbiot : Biotechnology | gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document BIWK000020140103ea18000s2

Page 227 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Patents; "Process for the Preparation of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (Biodiesel) from Triglyceride Oils Using Eco-Friendly Solid Base Catalysts" in Patent Application Approval Process WC 4,095 words

PD 2 January 2014

SN Agriculture Week

SC AGRWEK

PG 210

LA English

LP 2014 JAN 2 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- A patent application by the inventors Srinivasan, Kannan (Bhavnagar, IN); Sankaranarayanan, Sivashunmugam (Bhavnagar, IN); Antonyraj, Churchil Angel (Bhavnagar, IN), filed on February 10, 2012, was made available online on December 19, 2013, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by VerticalNews correspondents.

This patent application has not been assigned to a company or institution.

TD The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Owing to the depletion of fossil petroleum fuels and their associated environmental polluting effects, research is being focused recently on renewable green alternative plant-derived fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative for diesel fuels which is non-toxic, eco-friendly and biodegradable renewable fuel. Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oils (or) animal fats (or) cooked oils which are largely composed of C.sub.14- C.sub.20 fatty acid triglycerides.

"A century ago, Rudolf Diesel directly tried peanut oil as transport fuel before the petroleum fuels came in to the market. The paper titled 'Biodiesel production: a review.sup.1' by Fangrui Ma et. al. in Bioresource Technology, 70 (1999) 1-15, discussed the drawbacks of triglycerides as direct fuels. They reported that some modification processes like blending, microemulsion, thermal cracking (pyrolysis) and transesterification (alcoholysis) are needed to convert oils to transport fuels. Compared to other processes transesterification has many advantages and commonly used for biodiesel production.

"Transesterification of triglycerides with short-chain alcohols gives biodiesel. Normally

Page 228 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. methanol is used because of its high reaction rate, low cost and abundantly available. The paper titled 'Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters' by Gerhard Knothe in Fuel Processing Technology, 86 (2005) 1059-1070, discussed the variations in the properties of different fatty acid alkyl esters. They suggested that isopropyl esters have better fuel properties than methyl esters; but the cost of iso-propanol is the main disadvantage compared to methanol.

"Transesterification reaction is generally carried out by using acid (or) base (or) enzyme catalysts (or) supercritical alcohol conditions. As per the paper titled 'Biodiesel Fuel Production by Transesterification of Oils' by Hideki Fukuda et. al. in Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Vol. 92, No. 5 (2001) 405-416, the acid catalyzed transesterification has slow reaction rate. Enzymes catalysis is time consuming and very high in cost than alkali and their activities are relatively low. The use of supercritical methanol requires high temperature of more than 350.degree. C., high pressure of 45 MPa and high methanol amount in catalyst free conditions. Based on this knowledge, base catalyzed transesterification is considered suitable for industrial process.

"Currently, in industry homogeneous base catalysts such as NaOH and KOH are used for the biodiesel production. The paper titled 'Heterogeneous Base Catalysts for Transesterification in Biodiesel Synthesis' by Dae-Won Lee et. al. in Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 13 (2009) 63-77, discussed the drawbacks of homogeneous catalysts such as corrosion, catalyst recovery and limitation in continuous process. Further, they have also reported the hurdles/problems such as high reaction temperature (100-250.degree. C.), catalyst amount (3-10 wt %), methanol:oil ratio (10:1-25:1) while using heterogeneous catalysts.

"Layered double hydroxides (LDHs; otherwise referred as hydrotalcite-like [HT-like] materials) both in their as-synthesized and heat-treated forms are categorized as heterogeneous base catalysts and can be used for various base catalyzed reactions because of their tunable basicity. There are several reports using heat-treated LDHs as catalysts for biodiesel production.

"The paper entitled 'Structure-reactivity correlations in MgAl hydrotalcite catalysts for biodiesel synthesis' by David G. Cantrell et. al. in Applied Catalysis A: General, 287 (2005) 183-190, revealed the biodiesel synthesis from glyceryl tributyrate with methanol. The authors reported both the conversion of glyceryl tributyrate and the yields of methyl butanoate, diglycerides and monoglycerides. They concluded that compared to MgO, oxides derived from MgAl hydrotalcites has higher activity for this reaction. However, the calcination of hydrotalcite (HT) under nitrogen flow and use of high methanol amount are the main drawbacks for this report.

"The paper titled 'Calcined Mg--Al hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts for methanolysis of

Page 229 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. soybean oil' by Wenlei Xie et. al. in Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 246 (2006) 24-32, reported 67% yield of biodiesel with the methanol:oil ratio of 15:1 in 9 h with 7.5 wt % catalyst under refluxing conditions. The drawbacks of this method are high methanol:oil ratio, longer reaction time, relatively lesser yield of biodiesel and fail to address the reusability of the catalyst.

"The paper titled 'Biodiesel production from soybean oil using calcined Li--Al layered double hydroxides catalysts' by J. Link Shumaker et. al. in Catalysis Letters, Vol. 115, No. 1-2 (2007) 56-61, reports >80% yield of biodiesel using 15:1 methanol:oil ratio and 3 wt % catalyst at reflux temperature in 1 h. Here again the yield is lesser even at high methanol:oil ratio and using more expensive lithium.

"The paper entitled 'Transesterification of poultry fat with methanol using Mg--Al hydrotalcite derived catalysts' by Yijun Liu et. al. in Applied Catalysis A: General, 331 (2007) 138-148, discussed the catalysis of both calcined and rehydrated HT-like catalysts for biodiesel synthesis from poultry fats. A maximum conversion of 93% at 120.degree. C. with 30:1 methanol:oil ratio and 10 wt % of catalyst in 8 h was reported. The main drawbacks are process intense variables like heating under inert conditions, high reaction temperature, high catalyst amount and longer time.

"The paper titled 'Transesterification Catalysts from Iron Doped Hydrotalcite-like Precursors: Solid Bases for Biodiesel Production' by Gerald S. Macala et. al. in Catalysis Letters, 122 (2008) 205-209, discussed the transesterification of triacetin as well as soybean oil with doped HT-like materials. The 10% Fe-doped hydrotalcite gave 38% of yield of biodiesel after 1 h at 80.degree. C. and 1 wt % catalyst for soybean oil. Their main drawback is the poor activity of the regenerated catalyst.

"The paper titled 'Biodiesel synthesis using calcined layered double hydroxide catalysts' by J. Link Shumaker et. al. in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 82 (2008) 120-130, reported the biodiesel synthesis from glyceryl tributyrate and soybean oil with methanol over different oxides derived from LDHs. They used high methanol:oil ratio of 15:1 with the oxides Mg--Al, Mg--Fe and Li--Al at reflux temperature and among them Li--Al oxides showed better activity than other oxides. But poor stability of these catalysts is a major drawback for them to be practiced in industrial operations.

"The paper titled 'Metal-Loaded MgAl Oxides for Transesterification of Glyceryl Tributyrate and Palm Oil' by T. Tittabut et. al. in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47, (2008) 2176-2181, reported the transesterification of glyceryl tributyrate and palm oil with methanol. 96% ester content and 87% yield of biodiesel was reported with the methanol:oil molar ratio of 45:1 at 100.degree. C., 8 wt % catalyst and 9 h reaction time for K loaded MgAl hydrotalcite.

Page 230 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The main drawback for this process is the longer time needed for calcination (35 h). The authors reported the recalcination followed by reload of the metal is the way to do the recycle experiment, an energy intensive multi-step operation.

"The paper titled 'MgCoAl-LDH derived heterogeneous catalysts for the ethanol transesterification of canola oil to biodiesel' by Eugena Li et. al. in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 88 (2009) 42-49, reported ethanol transesterification of canola oil with calcined MgCoAl and MgCoAlLa containing LDHs. A maximum yield of 96-97% at 200.degree. C. using 16:1 of ethanol:oil ratio in 5 h was reported. High temperature and alcohol:oil molar ratio are their drawback.

"The paper entitled 'Transesterification of Rice Bran Oil with Methanol Catalyzed by Mg(Al)La Hydrotalcites and Metal/MgAl Oxides' by Pacharaporn Chuayplod et. al. in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48 (2009) 4177-4183, reported two-step catalyzed process such as esterification and subsequent transesterification due to the high FFA content in rice bran oil. They reported 97% ester content and 78% yield for the product with rehydrated MgAlLa hydrotalcite at 100.degree. C., 30:1 methanol:oil ratio, 7.5 wt % catalyst and reaction time of 9 h. Their main drawback is the time taken for Mg(Al)La oxide preparation (35 h) and rehydration under nitrogen for 24 h. During reusability tremendous decrease in the yield of biodiesel was noted compared to original catalyst. In order to get the good results, authors suggested the requirement of time-consuming recalcination followed by rehydration process before every cycle.

"The paper entitled 'Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil Using Mg--Al Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts' by A. Brito et. al. in Energy Fuels, 23 (2009) 2952-2958, reported the biodiesel production from sunflower oil and waste oil. They reported the high yield in the temperature range of 120-160.degree. C., methanol:oil ratio of 24:1, 6 wt % catalyst and 6 h reaction time. Their main drawback is intense process variables.

"The paper titled 'Synthesis, characterization, and activity in transesterification of mesoporous Mg--Al mixed-metal oxides' by Jonggol Tantirungrotechai et. al. in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 128 (2010) 41-47, reported transesterification of soybean using some series of metal impregnated MgAl mixed oxides. They reported >90% yield of biodiesel with methanol:oil ratio of 20:1 at 70.degree. C., 5 wt % catalyst and the reaction time of 8 h. Their main drawbacks are the complicated material synthesis and high methanol amount. They have used high oxygen flow for calcination and carried out overnight drying before the use. Further, the recyclability of the catalysts is not addressed.

"The paper entitled 'Base Catalysts Derived from Hydrocalumite for the Transesterification of Sunflower Oil' by Maria Jose Campos-Molina et. al. in Energy Fuels, 24 (2010) 979-984,

Page 231 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. discussed the catalysis of calcined hydrocalumite for biodiesel production. They reported the 97% yield of biodiesel with 12:1 methanol:oil ratio at 60.degree. C., 1 wt % catalyst and the reaction time of 3 h. The main drawbacks are, resource intense material synthesis (use of ethanol), longer period of activation (13 h) and necessity of preactivation under inert atmosphere, process intense reaction conditions (inert conditions, high methanol:oil ratio) and not reusable for multiple cycles (could do only for two cycles after which the catalyst could not be recovered).

"The paper entitled 'Biodiesel from palm oil via loading KF/Ca--Al hydrotalcite catalyst' by Lijing Gao et. al. in Biomass and Bioenergy 34 (2010) 1283-1288 reported the biodiesel production from palm oil using KF/Ca--Al catalyst. The yield of FAME increased with an increase in KF loading and in shorter reaction time. The optimized methanol:oil ratio is 12:1. They recycled the catalyst only for two cycles. The use of expensive KF as an additional reagent and sensitive and time consuming synthetic protocol of the catalyst are the main drawbacks.

"The patent (CN 101608131 A) entitled 'Method of manufacturing bio-diesel oil without glycerol byproduct' by Zhong Xin et. al. reported that the biodiesel manufacture from vegetable oils and animal fats without glycerol as byproduct. They used alcohol:oil ratio of 1- 30:1 at 30-450.degree. C., 0.05-30 MPa for 2-18 h with variety of solid acid/base catalysts and organic base catalysts along with different transesterifying agents like dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate etc. Their main drawback is that the reaction is carried out under high pressures and the usage of costly chemicals.

"The patent (WO 2010/112641 A1) entitled 'Method for the production of biofuels by heterogeneous catalysis employing a metal zincate as precursor of solid catalysts' by Pedro Jesus Maireles Torres et. al. reported the transesterification of vegetable (or) animal oils or fats for the biodiesel production using calcined zincate of an alk. earth metal (or) of a divalent transition metal. Their main drawbacks are the pre-activation, higher methanol:oil ratio and necessity of inert reaction atmosphere.

"The Patent (CN 101559359 A) entitled 'Solid base catalyst for preparation of biodiesel by transesterification and its preparation' by Hui Wang et. al. reported the biodiesel preparation from trioleic acid glyceryl ester using KOH treated CaO--ZrO.sub.2 at 140-180.degree. C. for 4-6 h. Their main drawbacks are the time consuming preparation of the expensive catalysts and higher reaction temperatures.

"The Patent (CN 101314131 A) entitled 'Method for preparing modified hydrotalcite solid base catalyst for preparation of biodiesel' by Guomin Xiao et. al. reported the modified hydrotalcite for biodiesel preparation. Their main drawbacks are chemicals demanding and time

"The Patent (CN 1824735 A) entitled 'Method for preparing biological diesel fuel from Jatropha curcas oil using solid catalyst' by Hang Yin et. al. reported the biodiesel preparation from jatropha oil using org. salt of alkali metal and/or alk. earth metal (lithium formate, sodium propionate, etc) and carrier (Al.sub.2O.sub.3, NaY zeolite, etc) as solid catalyst. Their main drawbacks are the use of expensive chemicals for catalyst preparation and pressure required (0.9 to 1.5 MPa) for the calcination and as well for the reaction.

"The patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,420,073 B2) entitled 'Process for the alcoholysis of acid oils of vegetable or animal origin' by Gerard Hillion et. al. reported the biodiesel production using zinc aluminate as catalyst. Their main drawbacks are the high temperature range (180 to 210.degree. C.) and high pressures (4 to 6 MPa).

"The Patent (CN 101358141 A) entitled 'Method for preparing biodiesel oil from idesia polycarpa maxim. var. vestita diels oil by using solid alkali catalyst' by Hang Song et. al. reported that Mg--Al composite oxide as catalyst for biodiesel preparation. The main drawbacks are the multi-step time consuming process and requirement of many additional chemicals.

"The Patent (CN 101294094 A) entitled 'Method for producing bio-diesel oil using nanoscale solid heteropoly acid or heteropoly base catalyst' by Heyou Han et. al. reported that biodiesel production using nanoscale solid heteropoly acid (or) heteropoly base catalyst with alcohol:oil ratio of 6-48:1 at 60-90.degree. C. in normal pressure for 1-10 h and 1-6 wt % of catalysts. Heteropoly acid/base catalysts are generally expensive.

"The patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,563,915 B2) entitled 'Green biodiesel' by Jack Vincent Matson et. al. reported that solid base catalysts such as simple metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, hydrotalcites and silicates for biodiesel manufacture. They discussed the transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohols (methanol, ethanol) at 60-450.degree. C., 1-500 atmospheres for 5-60 min. Their main drawbacks are the high methanol:oil ratio and high preferred temperature range of 150-260.degree. C.

"The Patent (CN 101249449 A) entitled 'Preparation and application of new-type solid base catalyst for synthesis of bio-diesel fuel' by Jianguo Yang et. al. reported that the potassium fluoride on different supports like alumina, calcia, dolomite etc. as solid base catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. They used plant oil, animal fat (or) waste oil with low-carbon alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol [or] butanol) with different ratios at 50-110.degree. C. for 1-3 h. Such catalysts are generally prone for leaching and fluoride leaching may cause separation/contamination issues.

"The Patent (CN 101185903 A) entitled 'Manufacture and application of solid base catalyst for synthesizing bio-diesel oil' by Guosheng Zheng et. al. reported that calcium methoxide as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis using animal and vegetable oil with methanol. Calcium methoxide was prepared by firing calcium salts at desired temperature and then cooling with methanol (or) methanolic steam. Their main drawback is the process intense synthesis of catalyst along with likelihood of leaching of calcium.

"The Patent (CN 101113349 A) entitled 'Production of bio-diesel with convenient post- treatment by esterification of vegetable oil' by Tianbo Weng reported activated magnesium oxide as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. He has carried out the transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohols (methanol, ethanol [or] n-butanol) at a ratio of 4-25:1 in the presence of different wt % (0.01-3%) of the catalysts. The main drawbacks are the time consuming procedures to recover the biodiesel and glycerol.

"The Patent (WO 2006/050925 A1) entitled 'Process for producing esters from vegetable oils or animal fats using heterogeneous catalysts' by Dante Siano et. al. reported that magnesium oxide and magnesium-aluminum mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite as catalysts for biodiesel production. They used alcohol:oil ratio of 4 to 30:1 at 100 to 250.degree. C. Their main drawback is the high temperature used for this reaction.

"The Patent (CN 101024189 A) entitled 'Preparation and application of magnetic solid base catalyst for preparation of bio-diesel fuel by transesterification' by Xiaoyong Lu et. al. reported that mixture of different wt % of magnetic material, metal oxide/salt with alkali metal salt as catalyst for biodiesel preparation. They have carried out transesterification reaction for different oils. Their main drawback is the requirement of time consuming preparation of the magnetically separable costlier catalyst.

"The Patent (CN 1891786 A) entitled 'Production technology of bio-diesel fuel from tallowseed oil' by Yinyu Gao et. al. reported the biodiesel production using alkali, acid, enzyme and solid magnetic catalysts. They have carried out the transesterification of tallowseed oil with lower alcohols at 20-120.degree. C. for 0.5-24 h with 0.1-10 wt % of catalysts. Their main drawback is the use of homogeneous catalysts such as alkali and acids which are making the process as non-ecofriendly. The usage of enzyme is time consuming and expensive.

"The Patent (WO 2006/043281 A1) entitled 'Improved process for the preparation of fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) from triglyceride oil through tranesterification' by Pushpito Kumar Ghosh et. al. reported the biodiesel preparation from Jatropha curcus oil using methanolic- KOH solution. The main drawback is the use of corrosive non-reusable alkali-based homogeneous catalyst and associated post-operative clean up.

"The patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,151,187 B2) entitled 'Process for transesterification of vegetable oils or animal oils by means of heterogeneous catalysts based on zinc or bismuth, titanium and aluminum' by Bruno Delfort et. al. reported the biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalysts. Their main drawbacks are the usage of high methanol amount and high reaction temperature (200.degree. C.)."

In addition to the background information obtained for this patent application, VerticalNews journalists also obtained the inventors' summary information for this patent application: "Accordingly, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of fatty acid alkyl esters from triglyceride oils. The present invention discloses the production of FAME by transesterification using eco-friendly solid base catalysts. Production of biodiesel in high yields from different triglyceride oils (edible, non-edible and cooked) at near ambient conditions is achieved, with lesser use of alcohol. Simple method of separation of products is adopted with high recovery of both glycerol and FAME with high purity. The catalyst was reusable. Some of the important properties of the obtained biodiesel matched well with the standard DIN values and can be used directly as fuel.

"In an embodiment of the present invention, an improved process for the preparation of fatty acid alkyl esters from different triglyceride oils a using eco-friendly solid base catalyst which comprises of the following steps: (i) mixing alcohol and triglyceride oil in the molar ratio of alcohol:oil in the range of 1.5:1 to 30:1; (ii) adding a catalyst to alcohol-oil mixture as obtained in step (i) in the range of 1 to 12 wt % with respect to the triglyceride oil taken; (iii) heating the reaction mixture as obtained in step (ii) in an oil bath having temperature in the temperature range of 30 to 100.degree. C. for a period in the range of 1 to 24 h; (iv) filtering the alcohol-oil mixture as obtained in step (iii) to separate the catalyst from the reaction products; (v) separating the byproduct glycerol from reaction mixture as obtained in step (iv) to obtain FAME;

"In another embodiment of the present invention the triglyceride oil used in step (i) is selected from the group consisting of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, palmolein (Elaeis guineensis) oil, gingelly (sesame/til; Sesamum indicum) oil, ricebran (Oryza sativa) oil, cottonseed (Gossypium arboretum) oil, corn (Zea mays) oil, soyabean (Glycine max) oil, castor (Ricinus communis) oil, neem (Azadirachta indica) oil, atrophy (Jatropha curcus) oil, karingatta (Quassia indica) oil, marotti (Hydnocarpus wightiana) oil, pungai (Pongamia pinnata) oil or pinnai (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil.

"In another embodiment of the present invention acid values of triglyceride oil used in step (i) ranges from 0.5 to 31 mg KOH/g.

"In another embodiment of the present invention the cooked and doubly cooked sunflower oil with acid values 1.4 and 2.16 mg KOH/g respectively were used for conversion.

"In another embodiment of the present invention the catalyst used in step (ii) is layered double hydroxide with general formula [M(II).sub.1-xM(III).sub.x(OH).sub.2].sup.x+[A.sub.x/m.sup.m- ].sup.x-.nH.- sub.2O where, (i) M (II)--divalent metal ions selected from the group Mg.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ and Li.sup.+; (ii) M (III)--trivalent metal ions selected from the group Al.sup.3+,Fe.sup.3+ and Cr.sup.3+; (iii) A--the interlayer anions selected from the group CO.sub.3.sup.2-, Cl.sup.- and NO.sub.3.sup.-

"In another embodiment of the present invention catalyst used in step (ii) was heated at temperature in the range of 100 to 900.degree. C. for a period in the range of 1 to 12 h.

"In another embodiment of the present invention alcohol used in step (i) is selected from the group consist of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol or n-butanol

"In another embodiment of the present invention the reuse of catalyst was carried out for 2 to 4 cycles.

"In another embodiment of the present invention yield of fatty acid alkyl esters is in the range of 3-99%.

"In another embodiment of the present invention the purity of the fatty acid alkyl esters is >95%

"In another embodiment of the present invention, the precursors used for catalytic conversion may be prepared by co-precipitation, urea hydrolysis and hexamine hydrolysis methods using water as solvent.

"In still another embodiment of the present invention, glycerol may be recovered as byproduct and the amount may be in the range of 90 to 100% (v/v) with purity in the range of 92 to 98%.

"In still another embodiment of the present invention, the molecular sieve 3A in granular forms (8-12 mesh) may be used in the range of 3 to 20% (WN) to reduce the water content in the range of 500-2000 ppm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING

"FIG. 1: Reaction scheme for FAME preparation.

"FIG. 3: PXRD of CaAl-LDH heated at different temperature

"FIG. 4: .sup.1H NMR of FAME

"FIG. 5: Yield of FAME at different temperature

"FIG. 6: Yield of FAME with different amount of catalyst"

URL and more information on this patent application, see: Srinivasan, Kannan; Sankaranarayanan, Sivashunmugam; Antonyraj, Churchil Angel. Process for the Preparation of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (Biodiesel) from Triglyceride Oils Using Eco-Friendly Solid Base Catalysts. Filed February 10, 2012 and posted December 19, 2013. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=1502&p=31&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20131212.PD.&OS=PD/20131212&RS=PD /20131212

Keywords for this news article include: Biotechnology, Anions, Energy, Esters, Patents, Poultry, Alkalies, Glycerol, Methanol, Biodiesel, Chemistry, Oil & Gas, Hydroxides, Agriculture, Diesel Fuel, Oil and Gas, Light Metals, Ethanolamines, Bioengineering, Sugar Alcohols, Magnesium Oxide, Carboxylic Acids, Oxygen Compounds, Inorganic Chemicals.

AN Document AGRWEK0020131227ea1200060

BY Henry Rajapakse

WC 994 words

PD 29 December 2013

SN Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)

SC SUNOSL

LA English

LP Sri Lanka, Dec. 29 -- Many like to drive along a road planted with flowering and shady trees interspersed with ornamental shrubs. Ideally, every road should be of aesthetic value. By location and design, a road should be a pleasure to drive on. Trees are objects of continuous pleasure. They provide a restful effect and a riot of natural colours during the flowering season. Another important advantage of planting trees along a highway is to concentrate the attention of the driver on driving safely without diverting his sight from the path.

When you enter the Colombo-Katunayake Expressway (CKE), the beautiful surroundings invite you to an open landscape in a different world. Unlike Sri Lanka's other highways, the CKE takes you through different landscape sceneries within a short time, but you must not divert your attention from the highway as you are driving at 100 km per hour.

TD The first part of the CKE is laid through the Muthurajawela wetland, which harbours moisture- loving plants and mangrove trees. In this part of the Expressway, the ground water level is so high that it had to be taken in to careful consideration when selecting planting material. The last part of the highway near Katunayake is laid out bordering the lagoon, hence the trees selected for this area had to be sea breeze tolerant.

When selecting the appropriate trees to be planted along the CKE, the international rules of highway tree planting schemes were followed as much as possible. The tree species selected should be able to adapt to the high moisture condition in the soil.

The trees should especially resist the moist condition of the soil. Trees should be hardy, long lasting and medium in size. They should have a good growing habit and without frequent falling leaves, twigs and branches. They should possess a deep root system for good anchorage.

These trees should be symmetrical, with straight stems, without low branches and with crowns that are not too open or too compact.

Some of the moisture-loving trees planted along the highway are Lagerstroemia speciosa (Murutha), Barringtonia asiatica (Mudilla), Barringtonia racemosa (Diya Midella), Ochrosia oppositifolia (Wel Kaduru), Thespesia populnea (Gansooriya), Pisonia grandis (Wathabanga) Syzygium cumini (Madan) and Ardisia willisii (Lunu Dan).

Where the water level is considerably below the soil surface, trees such as Cassia fistula (Ehela), Peltophorum peterocarpum (Kaha Mara), Delonix regia (Mei Mara), Pongamia pinnata (Karanda), Syzygium rubicundum (Karaw), Bauhina purpurea (Koboneela), Mimusops elengi (Muna Mal), Mischodon zeylanicus (Thammenna) and Mitragyna tubulosa (Helamba) were planted. Trees with dense canopies were planted in front of housing schemes as sound barriers. The trees were planted in three different sizes; one, two and three to four metres tall.

Planting in median strip

This is another important aspect of planting in an expressway. The functional part of planting in the median strip is to provide a screen against glare at night caused by oncoming traffic.

The height of the plant screen depends on the degree of screening that is expected. On a flat road such as the CKE, a height of 1.4m is sufficient to cut off the light.

Here, an ornamental foliage shrub called Eugenia campanulata (Cristin) with pinkish green terminal young flush has been planted in two rows and turfed in between.

They should be pruned periodically to maintain a constant height of 1.4m. Along the Hunupitiya median strip, potted bougainvilleas were placed on the viaduct.

There are four interchanges along the CKE. They are at the New Kelani Bridge, Peliyagoda, Ja-ela and Katunayake.

The New Kelani Bridge interchange is planted with mixed ornamental shrubs incorporating natural rocks at random. Peliyagoda, the largest interchange, has been landscaped in an undulated manner by forming earth mounds with a slight gradient to look natural. This area is planted with ornamental shrubs, interspersed with medium trees. In addition, two rows of trees were planted along the boundary to form a green belt.

The Ja-ela interchange has been planted with mixed flowering and foliage shrubs on terraced

Page 240 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. lawns, each with a slight slope. The Katunayake interchange with an overpass towards the airport has been planted with multi-coloured bougainvillea plants.

These are potted in especially-made containers made of geo-textile embedded in plastic troughs that are fixed along the two edges of the overpass and along the viaduct. A drip irrigation system was provided for watering.

Two rows of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (Cane palm) were planted on the lawn in line with the two edges of the overpass to cover the open space. A hedge of Acalypha siamensis has been established in front to prevent people crossing through.

Flowering shrubs

Both sides of the lawn are planted with flowering shrubs incorporating well-trimmed ornamental foliage plants such as Ficus benjamina, Eugenia campanulata, Cristin and a few drooping bougainvilleas. Shade-loving ornamental shrubs were planted around the old preserved Ficus benjamina tree.

The traffic island adjacent to the overpass is planted with dwarf flowering shrubs and turf. The height of these shrubs has to be maintained at about 60cm to prevent blocking the view of traffic from the airport direction to the main drive.

In all, around 70,000 plants including trees and shrubs have been planted along the CKE and are being maintained at the moment. Four landscape designers were assigned to carry out the landscaping and planting along the CKE and they completed the work on schedule, in an outstanding manner.

The landscaping and planting scheme was carried out with the guidance of Secretary, Ministry of Highways, Ranjith Premasiri, Project Director, Pushpa Gunaratne and Deputy Team Leader, Denzil Aponso. Officers of China Metallurgical Group Corporation and the Road Development Authority were prompt in action to solve the problems encountered during landscaping the highway.

Published by HT Syndication with permission from Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka).

CT For any query with respect to this article or any other content requirement, please contact Editor at [email protected] NS glife : Living/Lifestyle | gcat : Political/General News

Page 241 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. RE srilan : Sri Lanka | asiaz : Asia | dvpcoz : Developing Economies | indsubz : Indian Subcontinent | sasiaz : Southern Asia PUB The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd.

AN Document SUNOSL0020131230e9ct000jl

Page 242 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Oil and Gas Research; Studies from National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Yield New Information about Oil and Gas Research WC 456 words

PD 26 December 2013

SN Agriculture Week

SC AGRWEK

PG 316

LA English

LP 2013 DEC 26 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- A new study on Oil and Gas Research is now available. According to news originating from Bangalore, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "Pongamia pinnata is an important oil yielding perennial tree species. The aim of the present study was to document the histological and ultrastructural change that is occurring during pongamia seed development."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, "The seeds were sampled at five stages of development at intervals of 3 weeks starting from 30 weeks after flowering up to 42 weeks. The seed development was followed microscopically using toluidine blue staining. The seed coat was made up of an external layer of palisade cells, an internal layer of hourglass cells followed by a parenchymatous cell layer and aleurone cell layer. The seed reserve compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and starch showed distinct histochemical characterisation. Lignin was mainly found in the seed coat cell layers, while polysaccharides, proteins and starch granules in the cotyledon cells. The ultrastructural studies showed marked cellular changes during the seed development. The cell size varied from 9.4 to 78 mu m during the seed development. The number of oil bodies per cell ranged from 200 to 300 at 42 weeks after flowering. Protein storage vacuoles were observed during the later stages of seed development. The plastids contained electron-dense starch granules. The seeds harvested after 42 weeks after flowering had maximum physiological maturity with high oil content and other seed reserve materials."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "This basic knowledge on pongamia seed development could invariably be used for further understanding of biochemical changes

For more information on this research see: Localisation of Storage Reserves in Developing Seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, a Potential Agroforestry Tree. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 2013;90(12):1927-1935. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society can be contacted at: Springer, 233 Spring St, New York, NY 10013, USA.

The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from H.R. Pavithra, Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept. of Neuropathol, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India. Additional authors for this research include B.K.C. Sagar, K.T. Prasanna, M.B. Shivanna and B. Gowda.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Bangalore, Agriculture, Agroforestry, Oil and Gas Research

CO nnmnsc : National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences

AN Document AGRWEK0020131220e9cq00094

Page 244 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD Patents; Patent Application Titled "Novel Herbal Composition for the Treatment of Wound Healing, a Regenerative Medicine" Published Online WC 1,790 words

PD 24 December 2013

SN Journal of India

SC JOUIND

PG 59

LA English

LP 2013 DEC 24 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Journal of India -- According to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by VerticalNews journalists, a patent application by the inventor Patankar, Suresh Balkrishna (Pune, IN), filed on February 17, 2012, was made available online on December 12, 2013.

No assignee for this patent application has been made.

TD Reporters obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Wound healing or wound repair, is an intricate process in which the skin (or another organ-tissue) repairs itself after injury. In normal skin, the epidermis (outermost layer) and dermis (inner or deeper layer) exists in steady-state equilibrium, forming a protective barrier against the external environment. Once the protective barrier is broken, the normal (physiologic) process of wound healing is immediately set in motion.

"Types of Wound Healing:

"The classic model of wound healing is divided into three or four sequential, yet overlapping, phases: (1) hemostasis (2) inflammatory (3) proliferative and (4) remodeling. Upon injury to the skin, a set of complex biochemical events takes place in a closely orchestrated cascade to repair the damage. Within minutes post-injury, platelets (thrombocytes) aggregate at the injury site to form a fibrin clot. This clot acts to control active bleeding (hemostasis).

"Categories of Wound Healing:

"Category 1: Primary wound healing or healing by first intention occurs within hours of

"Category 2: If the wound edges are not re-approximated immediately, delayed primary wound healing transpires. This type of healing may be desired in the case of contaminated wounds. By the fourth day, phagocytosis of contaminated tissues is well underway, and the processes of epithelization, collagen deposition, and maturation are occurring. Foreign materials are walled off by macrophages that may metamorphose into epithelioid cells, which are encircled by mononuclear leukocytes, forming granulomas. Usually the wound is closed surgically at this juncture, and if the 'cleansing' of the wound is incomplete, chronic inflammation can ensue, resulting in prominent scarring.

"Category 3: A third type of healing is known as secondary healing or healing by secondary intention. In this type of healing, a full-thickness wound is allowed to close and heal. Secondary healing results in an inflammatory response that is more intense than with primary wound healing. In addition, a larger quantity of granulomatous tissue is fabricated because of the need for wound closure. Secondary healing results in pronounced contraction of wounds. Fibroblastic differentiation into myofibroblasts, which resemble contractile smooth muscle, is believed to contribute to wound contraction. These myofibroblasts are maximally present in the wound from the 10.sup.th-21.sup.st days.

"Category 4: Epithelization is the process by which epithelial cells migrate and replicate via mitosis and traverse the wound. This occurs as part of the phases of wound healing, which are discussed in Sequence of Events in Wound Healing. In wounds that are partial thickness, involving only the epidermis and superficial dermis, epithelization is the predominant method by which healing occurs. Wound contracture is not a common component of this process if only the epidermis or epidermis and superficial dermis are involved.

"Wound healing is a biological process that begins with trauma and ends with scar formation. The goals of wound care include reducing risk factors that inhibit wound healing, enhancing the healing process and lowering the incidence of wound infections. Many medicinal plants have been found useful in wound healing. Medicinal plants leads to find therapeutically useful compounds, thus more efforts should be made towards isolation and characterization of the active principles and elucidation of the relationship between structure and activity. The combination of traditional and modern knowledge can produce better drugs for wound healing.

"Sesamum indicum L. is a member of family Pedaliaceae. Sesamum indicum (Sesame) oil and sesame seeds have been consumed by humans for thousands of years. The oil is used for massage and health treatments of the body (abhyanga and shirodhara) and teeth (oil

Page 246 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. pulling) in the ancient Indian Ayurvedic System. Ayurveda views sesame oil as the most viscous of the plant oils and believes it may pacify the health problems associated with Vata aggravation. Sesame seed Oil is naturally occurring, pale yellow oil obtained from the seeds of the plant which is highly nutritive as it is a rich source of natural oxidants such as sesamin and sesamol. The oil content of sesame seeds is between 45% and 54% and is primarily composed of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids.

"Pig fat also known as 'Lard' is commonly used in many cuisines as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread similar to butter. It is also used to manufacture soap. In the January, 2004 issue of The American Journal of Physiology, Spurlock and Kolapo Ajuwon, both of the Department of Animal Sciences and the Comparative Medicine Program, report that pig fat cells respond to infections by producing hormone-like proteins that regulate certain aspects of the body's immune response. However, the use of pig-fat in herbal preparation is not known.

"According to ancient traditional ayurvedic knowledge Pig fat is considered as Vranropak (Wound Healing) and Vran shodhak (Help in regeneration of tissue during wound healing tissue) and snehan (Lubricant) properties.

"Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is native to tropical South Asia and needs temperatures between 20.degree. C. and 30.degree. C. and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive. Plants are gathered annually for their rhizomes, and propagated from some of those rhizomes in the following season.

"Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice or licorice) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a somewhat sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas) that is native to southern Europe and parts of Asia.

"Hamiltonia suaveolens (Jeetsaya); Hamiltonia suaveolens belongs to the plant family Rubiace and Genus Hamiltonia

"Typha angustifolia (Ramban tus) is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus Typha. This cattail is an 'obligate wetland' species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish location has been proposed that the species was introduced from Europe to North America. In North America, it is also thought to have been introduced from coastal to inland locations.

"Azadirachta indica (Kadu Nimba) is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India and Pakistan growing in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil.

"An article titled 'Investigation on the Wound Healing Activity of Tilvadighrita: A Herbal Formulation' by M S Charde et al., Indian journal of traditional knowledge 2004, 3 (3): 247- 252, discloses a herbal formulation of Sesamum indicum, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Ghee for investigating the wound healing property employing incision and excision wound models in male rats.

"An article titled 'Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Wound Treatments' by R. Sudeendra Bhat, J. Shankrappa and H. G. Shivakumar, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007, 2 (1): 11-17, discloses the evaluation of emulsifying ointment and carbopol 934 gel formulations containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Tridax procumbens and Curcuma longa and the results obtained were suggest that gel-based formulations produced better wound healing than emulsifying ointment formulations.

"US Publication No. 20100178367 relates to a herbal formulation with highly potent wound healing properties, in humans and animals. The composition consists of aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, in a mixture of natural oils along with herbs viz. Berberis aristata, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Jasminum officinale, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Pongamia pinnata, Rubia cardifolia, Saussurea lappa, Terminalia chebula, Trichosanth esdioica, Capsicum and Stellata wild in well-defined ratios. The invention also includes a process for preparing the formulation by extracting the water-soluble components from bark of Azadirachta indica.

"U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,504 relates to a method of promoting healing of a wound by administering turmeric to a patient afflicted with the wound.

"WO Publication No. 2005115090 relates to the composition consists of extracts of Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Ficus infectoria, Ficus racemosa and Azadirachta indica with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients, which has potent antimicrobial and wound healing properties.

"Thus, there are herbal compositions reported in the prior arts which are used to treat wound healing, but none of the prior art discusses the synergistic and effective herbal composition with pig fat for the treatment of wound healing. Further, the pig fat has not been reported as medicine so also there is no indication of use along with any herbal constituents, which is achieved by the present invention"

In addition to obtaining background information on this patent application, VerticalNews editors also obtained the inventor's summary information for this patent application: "In accordance with the above, the present invention discloses a novel synergistic and effective

Page 248 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. herbal composition as a regenerative medicine comprising combination of extracts obtained from Curcuma longa (Haldi) Glycyrrhiza glabara (Jeshthamadh), Hamiltonia suaveolens (Jeetsaya); Typha angustifolia (Rambantus) and Azadirachta indica (KaduNimba); along with optionally comprising pig fat in Sesamum indicum (Til) oil as a base; useful for the treatment of wound healing.

"In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparation of said herbal composition.

"In yet another aspect, the herbal composition of the present invention can be administered via oral or topical route or suppository or any other suitable route of administration, in the form of Kadha, Lepa, Swaras, Pak or also in the form of oil, ointment or jelly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

"FIG. 1: Application of present herbal composition in Major Surgical Process (Topical Application 10 ml)

"FIG. 2: Application of present herbal composition in Diabetic foot for 3 weeks 15 ml topical)

"FIG. 3: Application of present herbal composition on lower lip (Removal of buccul mucosa (5 ml topical)

"FIG. 4: Application of present herbal composition in endoscopic wounds (For Turp And Stricture Urethra Patients)"

For more information, see this patent application: Patankar, Suresh Balkrishna. Novel Herbal Composition for the Treatment of Wound Healing, a Regenerative Medicine. Filed February 17, 2012 and posted December 12, 2013. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- adv.html&r=3446&p=69&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20131205.PD.&OS=PD/20131205&RS=PD /20131205

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, China, India, Patents, Treatment.

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document JOUIND0020131220e9co0001r

HD Fighting change

WC 2,059 words

PD 23 December 2013

SN Deccan Herald

SC DECHER

LA English

LP M N Kulkarni, December 24, 2013, DHNS:

A study on the effects of climate change in Karnataka, done by the IISc, has projected the average rise in temperature to be between1.8 and 2.2 degree Celsius by 2030, writes M N Kulkarni

TD Climate change will soon become a reality. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, in its report "Climate variability and climate change projections - Karnataka Region 2011", has projected the average rise in temperature between 1.8 and 2.2 degree Celsius by 2030.

Rise in temperature has been attributed to the burning of fossil fuels, charcoal, wood, forest fire, burning of garbage, weeds, agricultural residues, etc. These, in turn, are adding carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the environment. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, etc., have the capacity to trap or absorb heat in sunlight and prevent it from escaping into space. The presence of these gases in the atmosphere beyond certain limits is the main reason for the increase in global temperature that leads to global warming. It has been estimated that the presence of carbon dioxide during the pre-industrial period was 280 ppm, and now, it has increased to 400 ppm.

The impact of climate change may vary from place to place — change in rainfall pattern, erratic rainfall, heavy downpour, heat waves, concurrent droughts, reduction in the crop yield, reduction in the evapotranspiration, etc. The State has been experiencing drought for the last two to three years.

Change in rainfall pattern

This year also, rainfall is not uniform in all areas of the State. One can also observe the change in the rainfall pattern. Earlier, there used to be good rains during June and July. Nowadays, farmers are required to wait till the end of August and September to complete sowing operations. There is also a decrease in the average number of rainy days.

In Karnataka, more that 60 per cent of land is under rain-fed conditions. Hence, the impact of climate change will be severe in dry lands. An increase in temperature by 1 degree Celsius would lead to 5 to 10 per cent reduction in the crop yield, and a rise in 2 degree Celsius may lead to heavy crop losses. Hence, adopting mitigation measures becomes inevitable in the changed scenario. Integrated farming system (IFS) plays an important role in mitigating climate change effects. The IFS includes a menu of low-cost, environment-friendly interventions like planting horticulture trees, forestry trees, fodder trees, fodder grasses, composting methods, natural methods for disease and pest management, dairy animals, small ruminants, soil and water conservation measures etc. In this practice, farmers are required to plant three to four fruit species (mango, tamarind, cashew, guava, etc) and eight to ten forestry species.

The fruit plants can be planted in the cropping field or they can also be aligned along the bunds. Depending on the land holding, farmers can plant 40 saplings per acre. Forestry plants can be planted all along the field bunds and boundary bunds. The forestry plants need to include fuel wood species like acacia, cassia, glyricidia; timber species like teak, silver oak, melia dubia, dalbergia, etc. Sesbania, erythrina, subabul and moringa are the trees that yield good quality fodder.

Forestry plants start producing biomass and fuel wood after the fourth year of planting. Biomass produced from forestry plants can be used as substrate for producing vermicompost and applied to the field. This helps to reduce the application of chemical fertilisers, thus reducing the emission of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Fodder trees would yield enough quantity fodder, thus sustaining dairy activity. There will be enough fuel wood production by the fifth year of plantation.

This will meet the fuel wood requirement of the family and reduce pressure on the forests. The fruit trees start bearing fruits from the fifth year of planting and would fetch income for farmers.

Thus, in a period of five to six years, dry lands under IFS will become diversified farms with increased food security, fodder availability and resilience from climate change effects.

It is found that soils under IFS or organic farming would harvest 733 to 3,000 kg or more

Page 252 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. carbon per hectare per year from the atmosphere. Increasing the sequestration of carbon in soils is a vital aspect of climate change mitigation. By increasing carbon absorption, IFS has a lower climate impact than modern agriculture. In Karnataka, many NGOs are engaged in the promotion of IFS. The BAIF Institute for Rural Development in Tiptur, Tumkur district, has implemented the IFS (also called tree-based farming) system in 21,852 acres involving 19,708 farmers in different districts.

Motivating farmers

The Agriculture, Man, Ecology (AME) based in Bangalore is involved in motivating farmers to adopt Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) practices. The Initiatives for Development Foundation (IDF) based in Kunigal is implementing IFS through a project called 'Sujeevana' in Kunigal and Gubbi taluks, Tumkur district. The Foundation for Ecological Security (FES) based in Chintamani, Kolar district, is engaged in the promotion of seed dibbling on barren hillocks and agro-forestry systems in private lands.

Many government-sponsored programmes are also supportive for mitigating climate change effects. The organic farming village project, supported by the Department of Agriculture, GoK, has resulted in bringing over 38,200 hectare under organic farming methods. It is a good sign that the GoK is thinking of extending this project to one village in the remaining hoblis in the state. Farmers do use alternatives like vermicompost, enriched compost, liquid fertilisers, organic urea and green manuring instead of chemical fertilisers. This directly helps in controlling the release of greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, into the atmosphere. The Karnataka State Biofuel Development Board is promoting the plantation of biofuel species like pongamia, simaruba, madhuca, etc., through projects 'Hasiru honnu' and 'Baradu bangara'.

Under 'Baradu bangara', biofuel plants have been planted on Gomala school and temple premises, wastelands and forest lands. 'Hasiru honnu' helps small farmers plant 100 biofuel plants. It is known that trees sequester carbon dioxide, apart from helping farmers and the environment. Hence, plantation of trees helps mitigate effects of climate change.

A study on the effects of climate change in Karnataka, done by the IISc, has projected the average rise in temperature to be between1.8 and 2.2 degree Celsius by 2030, writes M N Kulkarni

Climate change will soon become a reality. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, in its report "Climate variability and climate change projections - Karnataka Region 2011”, has projected the average rise in temperature between 1.8 and 2.2 degree Celsius by 2030.

Rise in temperature has been attributed to the burning of fossil fuels, charcoal, wood, forest

Page 253 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. fire, burning of garbage, weeds, agricultural residues, etc. These, in turn, are adding carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the environment. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, etc., have the capacity to trap or absorb heat in sunlight and prevent it from escaping into space. The presence of these gases in the atmosphere beyond certain limits is the main reason for the increase in global temperature that leads to global warming. It has been estimated that the presence of carbon dioxide during the pre-industrial period was 280 ppm, and now, it has increased to 400 ppm.

Change in rainfall pattern

Forestry plants start producing biomass and fuel wood after the fourth year of planting.

Page 254 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Biomass produced from forestry plants can be used as substrate for producing vermicompost and applied to the field. This helps to reduce the application of chemical fertilisers, thus reducing the emission of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Fodder trees would yield enough quantity fodder, thus sustaining dairy activity. There will be enough fuel wood production by the fifth year of plantation.

This will meet the fuel wood requirement of the family and reduce pressure on the forests. The fruit trees start bearing fruits from the fifth year of planting and would fetch income for farmers.

Thus, in a period of five to six years, dry lands under IFS will become diversified farms with increased food security, fodder availability and resilience from climate change effects.

It is found that soils under IFS or organic farming would harvest 733 to 3,000 kg or more carbon per hectare per year from the atmosphere. Increasing the sequestration of carbon in soils is a vital aspect of climate change mitigation. By increasing carbon absorption, IFS has a lower climate impact than modern agriculture. In Karnataka, many NGOs are engaged in the promotion of IFS. The BAIF Institute for Rural Development in Tiptur, Tumkur district, has implemented the IFS (also called tree-based farming) system in 21,852 acres involving 19,708 farmers in different districts.

Motivating farmers

The Agriculture, Man, Ecology (AME) based in Bangalore is involved in motivating farmers to adopt Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) practices. The Initiatives for Development Foundation (IDF) based in Kunigal is implementing IFS through a project called 'Sujeevana’ in Kunigal and Gubbi taluks, Tumkur district. The Foundation for Ecological Security (FES) based in Chintamani, Kolar district, is engaged in the promotion of seed dibbling on barren hillocks and agro-forestry systems in private lands.

Page 255 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Under 'Baradu bangara’, biofuel plants have been planted on Gomala school and temple premises, wastelands and forest lands. 'Hasiru honnu’ helps small farmers plant 100 biofuel plants. It is known that trees sequester carbon dioxide, apart from helping farmers and the environment. Hence, plantation of trees helps mitigate effects of climate change.

AN Document DECHER0020131223e9cn000e1

WC 7,953 words

PD 23 December 2013

ET 07:00 GMT

SN Regulatory News Service

SC RNS

LA English

LP TIDMNAND

RNS Number : 1811W

TD Nandan Cleantec plc

23 December 2013

Nandan Cleantec PLC

30 June 2013

(All amounts in INR Mil, unless otherwise stated)

23(rd) December 2013

Nandan Cleantec plc

("Nandan Cleantec," "Nandan" or the "Company")

Financial Results for the Year Ended 30 June 2013

Nandan Cleantec plc (LSE AIM: NAND), a scaled vertically integrated bio fuel producer, announces audited results for the year ended 30 June 2013.

Financial Key Points

-- Total revenue of INR1,298 million (equivalent to GBP12 million at current exchange rates*)

-- Loss before interest, depreciation and amortization of INR136 million (equivalent to GBP1.33 million at current exchange rates*)

-- Strong balance sheet with net current assets of INR580 million (equivalent to GBP5.68. million at current exchange rates*)

-- Cash balance of INR19 million (equivalent to GBP0.18 million at current exchange rates*) -- Net assets of INR1,918 million (equivalent to GBP18.8 million at current exchange rates*) -- * INR 102: GBP1

Operational Key Points

-- Secured a significant supply agreement with HK Petroleum Limited to produce 12,500 metric tonnes of Biodiesel collectively per month.

-- Re-aligned the plantation business model to focus more on institutional customers to safeguard the Company's technologies from infringement. As a part of this shift, Nandan signed contracts with Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited ("HPCL") and the Rajasthan State Government.

-- Secured a contract with the Rajasthan State Government for supply of up to 4 million Jatropha plantlets to their Nodal agencies over the coming 12 months. These sales have commenced post-period end.

-- Industry collaboration: Partnering with India's second largest oil marketing company, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, for a Jatropha plantation in the state of Chhattisgarh. The initial planting was successfully completed post-period end during the 2013 monsoon period which took place between July and October. The success of the project will enable the Company to secure additional acreage orders in the next monsoon period.

-- The Company established a marketing alliance with a focused Nutraceutical trader, which the Board is confident will bring long- term value to Nandan.

-- Innovation and IP development: At Nandan, R&D is a fundamental activity which helps to align the Company's activities with the current requirement of the industry. In line with these market and regulatory developments Nandan's research road map has begun to develop new tree borne oil species to expand its portfolio of renewable energies. These plants are more suited to various climatic conditions and can be used for the production of renewable energies. Nandan intends to apply for patents in this area over the coming years.

"This year was a difficult and challenging year. We made steady progress in our stated business objectives which included agreeing a long-term toll agreement with HK Petroleum Limited for the processing and supply of Biodiesel. With assured feedstock supplies, we envisage robust business growth in this area.

"During the year, the ongoing disagreement with the Indian government has affected the Group's operations, resulting in these operational losses. The Group is well on its way to resolving these issues with the government and it confident that it has a solid case. The Group is now looking forward to sustainable revenue generation.

"We have made a strategic move to transition our plantation business to a controlled institutional client base, which we believe will help the Group to protect the market leading position of its high yielding varieties. We continue to innovate and develop hybrids of other tree borne oil species aside from maintaining our position as a pioneer in Jatropha. By executing our strategy, supported by the commencement of recent contract wins, we remain confident that the Group is poised to deliver shareholder's expectations in the year ahead."

For further information please contact:

Nandan Cleantec plcSrinivas Prasad Moturi +91 40 6550 7799

Arden Partners plcSteve Douglas +44 (0)20 7614 5917

FTI ConsultingMatt Dixon / Emma Appleton +44 (0)20 7831 3113

About Nandan Cleantec plc

Nandan Cleantec plc is a scaled vertically integrated bio fuel producer. It has developed a number of revenue streams geared towards the ultimate provision of commercially refined bio fuel derived from Jatropha plants or other suitable feed stocks.

The Company's current activities are concentrated in India and include innovative plant breeding and genetic improvement of Jatropha, a 275,000 MT per annum bio fuel processing plant, which sells biodiesel to end customers and a Jatropha feedstock plantation base of approximately 70,000 ha. In addition, the Company has initiated activities in India, Africa and Southeast Asia in order to further develop its land bank.

Nandan's strategy is to maximize the potential of its position as a pioneer in Jatropha bio fuel sciences. This will involve exploiting the Company's position as a market leader in the Indian bio fuel industry.

www.ncp.uk.com

Chairman's Statement

Introduction

I am pleased to announce Nandan's financial results for the year ended 30th June 2013.

In 2013, the Company made the strategic decision to acquire various operational assets to enhance its installed capacity. The toll agreement signed with HK Petroleum Limited will have a materially positive effect on Nandan's operations as it will utilize a significant amount of capacity at the Company's existing facility at Vizag. The domestic sale of Jatropha plantlets witnessed a reduction as the Company realigned its plantation business model, focusing on Institutional sales and away from wide spread individual farmers. The Company's Nutraceuticals division made steady progress and the Board is confident of organic growth in this division during the next fiscal year.

Nandan's strategy is to:

-- Maximise, over the long-term, the potential of its position as a pioneer and market leader in Jatropha bio fuel sciences.

-- Expand into new markets outside of India; ensuring development and continuous yield improvements of the Company's Jatropha hybrids.

-- Increase Jatropha cultivation more widely.

Operational Review

Catchment area development with Jatropha and Pongamia.

In the 2013 financial year, the Company sold and supplied 70 mn Jatropha Plantlets to various farmers, self help groups, traders and institutions which is equal to plantation land bank of 28,000 ha. As part of the Indian Bio fuel program, during the year the Company diversified its plantation product portfolio and commenced supplying Pongamia plantlets as well as Jatropha and Safed Musli plantlets. The Company has initiated limited planting of Pongamia in the state of Karnataka.

During the year the Company produced about 2,800 MT of Crude Jatropha Oil and supplied the material to various customers. This year, with the early monsoon, post period end, the Company witnessed brisk activity in plantlet sales of both Jatropha and Pongamia to its customers. Rainfall was higher than normal in many parts of India and planting activities were successful.

Despite these developments, the Directors were not satisfied with the performance of the Jatropha business during the year. We have taken decisive action by removing and replacing the senior management team

As part of the strategic review process, the Company reviewed its accounts receivable position and took the decision to write off INR552.5 million (equivalent to GBP5.41 million at current exchange rates*) as they were deemed to be non-recoverable. The Company will continue to do everything in its power to recover these monies.

These debts arose as a result of the Jatropha business model and the then senior management not implementing sufficiently tight financial controls over debt collection. Historically, Nandan encouraged wide spread individual farmers to cultivate the Jatropha crops and the Company was liberal with its credit policies. Due to the gestation period of the crop being longer than a normal crop, the working capital cycle was stretched significantly beyond that experienced with normal crops. This effect was further accentuated by both the high inflationary pressures experienced across all commodities and erratic monsoon seasons in the last two years and this has resulted in farmers being affected very badly.

Consequently, the Company has suffered abnormally high default rates from farmers who had received business advances for the procurement of material.

The Company has again reacted decisively to the change in the dynamics of its revenue model and has shifted its revenues to institutional sales as these sales are more secure and robust. During the financial year, the Company transitioned its business from being a niche player, operating in an environment of promoting the plantation with farmers spread across the country, to an institutional model with strong controls of the feed stock, contractually bound customers and protected IP rights. In line with this shift towards institutional sales and corporate farming, Nandan entered into a contract with HPCL for the supply of one-year old Jatropha plantlets through a Jatropha Care Centre designed specifically for large institutions such as HPCL, wherein Nandan will nurture the growth of the plantlet at its resource centres and organize supplies to the main fields. During the period, the Company also entered into a contractual agreement with the Rajasthan State Government for the supply of high yielding varieties of Nandan's plantlets to the Nodal state agencies. The Company has also moved to ensure proper financial controls are in place over future debt [ 23- 12-13 0700GMT ]

collection.

The Company is currently executing the contract signed with HPCL, with about 80% of the targeted dispatch delivered to date. The Board believes that the innovative Jatropha Care Centre ("JCC") concept, adopted in collaboration with HPCL, is likely to be attractive going forward, and the Company is in discussions with another oil marketing company as this model can be replicated across other corporate, markets and countries.

In 2012, Nandan initiated its expansion in East Africa, initially in Botswana. Botswana and Rajasthan are similar in nature as its

Page 261 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. conditions in terms of climate rainfalls have similar patterns. The Company's model in Rajasthan, with respect to the Jatropha plantation, was a success and the same can be replicated in Botswana. The promotion team in Rajasthan initiated an intensive farmer contact programme by organizing "Field Days" to create grass root level awareness on the use of improved genetics. In Rwanda the company has established a 100 ha plantlets nursery and the transplantation of these plantlets to the land will be carried out in the forthcoming monsoon period, anticipated to be between July and October 2014.

In Botswana, the specialist team sent by our joint venture partner, Savills, visited our facilities in India and made a comprehensive study of farming practices in Rajasthan. Further activities will continue under this agreement in the coming monsoon period.

The Pongamia programme which the Company initiated in 2013 with one district of Karnataka was spread to two additional districts this year and is likely to expand to all six districts of North Karnataka during the next financial year.

Refining Facility

During the financial year the operations at the Company's processing facility have again been disrupted due to the ongoing dispute with the SEZ authorities. However, post period end, the Company has recommenced operations from its Vizag facility and started processing the material available at the premises after obtaining the necessary permissions from the SEZ authorities. During the financial year the Company signed a significant supply agreement with HK Petroleum Limited to produce 12,500 metric tonnes of Methyl Esters and/or Biodiesel collectively per month. This contract is expected to utilize more than 50% of the installed capacity of the process facility. The Board is also pleased to announce that the processing facility has obtained Environmental Protection Agency certification. Certification with the EPA will benefit US importers as the Biodiesel produced at the Indian facility will be eligible for "Renewable Identification Number" (RINS) generation and other tax incentives as per US laws.

It was anticipated that the sales of Biodiesel would recommence in April 2013, however this was delayed as EPA certification for the facility has taken longer than expected due to administrative delays. Post-period end, Nandan is in a position to commence production from its facility in India to service orders from its US client. The Group is expecting to receive the contracted material from HK Petroleum shortly.

Nutraceuticals

To widen Nandan's market presence in India, the Company's Nutraceutical division signed a contract with a distributing company with the aim of creating awareness and generating business.

As a part of new product development, the Nutraceutical division conducted clinical trials for anti stress and anti obesity products. The Company has successfully developed various new innovations and is in the process of taking these to market. Product registrations

Strategic Investments and Alliances

As outlined in the financial results published in December 2012, Nandan Cleantec Plc has increased its holdings during the period in Nandan Cleantec Limited from 51% to 88.53% and in Nandan Cleantec Industries Limited (formerly known as Xtraa Cleancities Limited (NCIL)) from 51% to 95.47%. The Company will continue to work towards acquiring the remaining minorities of NCL and NCIL.

Financial Performance

The Board considers the key performance indicators of the Company to be as follows:

-- Total revenue of INR1,298 million (equivalent to GBP12 million at current exchange rates*)

-- Loss before interest, depreciation and amortization of INR136 million (equivalent to GBP1.33 million at current exchange rates*)

-- Strong balance sheet with net current assets of INR580 million (equivalent to GBP5.68. million at current exchange rates*)

Potential Liability

Further to the information provided in the previous year's annual report regarding the ongoing disagreement with the SEZ authorities, the Company has made considerable progress in resolving these issues. The Appellate committee of the Ministry of Commerce convened a meeting on 2nd April 2013 to hear the case upon the directions of the Supreme Court of India. The Appellate committee passed an order on 22nd April 2013 reducing the penalty amount from INR 663 Million (equivalent to GBP6.5 million at current exchange rates*)to INR 226 Million (equivalent to GBP2.2 million at current exchange rates*) on the company and waived the penalties levied on Mr. M. Srinivas Prasad for INR 33 Million and another Director for INR 5 Million in their personal capacities. However, despite reducing the penalty on the company to INR 226 million, Nandan continues to contest and has again appealed the whole penalty to the High Court of Delhi. The legal counsel and management are confident that the issue will be fully resolved shortly given the merits of its case. Post period end, the Company has re commenced its operations from its Vizag facility and started processing the material available at the premises after obtaining the necessary permissions from the SEZ authorities. The Group is expected to receive the contracted material from HK

As a result of this prolonged legal battle with the SEZ authorities in the period under review, the Group has incurred a Loss after tax for the year of INR258 million (equivalent to GBP2.52 million at current exchange rates*).

Cash flow

As at 30 June 2013 the Company had net cash balances of INR19 million (equivalent to GBP0.18 million at current exchange rates*).

Auditors qualification of financial statements

The auditors have qualified the accounts on the basis of uncertainty surrounding the going concern basis. The Directors believe that, on the date of this report, the Group has sufficient financial resources to meet its committed financial liabilities. However, the Group requires additional debt finance to be able to resume operations on a normal trading and production level. The Directors are in negotiations with various parties to secure such funding. The Directors are confident that they will secure the requisite funds for future operations to resume the normal activities. Consequently, the financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, which has been assessed on cash flow forecasts extending out 12 months from the date of the financial report.

Prospects and Outlook

The Company remains focused on its objective of enhancing value for shareholders. With refining activity restored at Vizag and good capacity utilization made possible from the existing contract, the Company is confident of creating a stable earnings platform that fuels further business growth. The EPA certification is a further asset that should allow the Company to increase biodiesel sales into the US. Moving forward the group is focusing its energies on the US market for additional contracts.

With a clear bio fuel mandate in place and deregulation of diesel prices expected, the Ministry for New and Renewable Energy ("MNRE") is likely to implement a significant bio fuel programme in India. Nandan is well placed to benefit from the first mover advantage, with great strides of research already showcased and vast plantation activity already undertaken. The Board is confident of meeting the Company's plantation targets.

The Nutraceutical business is poised for organic growth this year. Two more new products have successfully passed through the clinical trials and are planned for launch during this financial year.

The Company's mission is to retain its pioneering and market leading position it enjoys in the Indian biofuel space and to develop a strong product portfolio in the Nutraceuticals division.

Employees

I would like to thank all of our employees, management and fellow directors for their hard work, encouragement and dedication throughout this year.

M. Srinivas Prasad

Chairman and Managing Director Date: 21(st) December 2013

Nandan Cleantec PLC, UK

Consolidated audited financial statements of Nandan Cleantec PLC, UK and its subsidiaries as per International Financial Reporting Standards as at 30 June 2013.

Consolidated Statement of financial position in INR Mn

30th June 30 June 2013 2012 ------Assets Non-current Intangible assets 178 171 Property, plant and equipment 1,563 1,524 Other long term financial assets 70 52 Goodwill - 363 1,811 2,110 ------

Current Biological assets 63 173 Inventories 301 1,140

[ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

Trade and other receivables 288 471 Other short term financial assets 608 660 Current tax assets 22 7 Cash and cash equivalents 19 47 1,301 2,498 ------

Total assets 3,112 4,608 ======

Equity and liabilities Equity Equity attributable to owners of the parent: Share capital 4 4 Share premium 1,214 1,211

Page 265 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Capital reserve - 3 Revaluation reserve - 11 Translation reserve 206 3 Retained earnings 288 735 ------1,712 1,967 Non controlling interest 206 1,188 Total equity 1,918 3,155 ------

Liabilities Non-current Pension and other employee obligations - 3 Borrowings 170 231 Other Payables 165 5 Deferred tax liabilities 138 118 473 357

Current Trade and other payables 238 998 Borrowings 460 91 Current tax liabilities - - Other liabilities 23 7 721 1,096 ------Total liabilities 1,194 1,453 ------

Total equity and liabilities 3,112 4,608 ======

These Financial Statements were approved and authorized for issue by the Board and were signed on its behalf by

M. Srinivas Prasad

Chairman and Managing Director

Company Registration No: 07650655 Date : 21(st) December 2013

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

in INR Mn. 30 June 30th June 2013 2012 ------Revenue 1,298 4,104 Other income 35 14 Change in inventories (842) 100 Costs of material (538) (4,115) Employee expense (33) (45) Depreciation and amortisation of non-financial assets (16) (102)

Page 266 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Other expenses (41) (276) Bad debts written off (553) - Bargain Purchase gain 901 154 Impairment of goodwill (363) - Operating loss (152) (166) Finance costs (87) (61) Finance income 1 16 Loss before tax (238) (211) Income tax expense (20) (31) Loss for the year (258) (242) ======Loss for the year attributable to: Non-controlling interest (78) (58) Owners of the parent (180) (184) (258) (242) ------Other comprehensive income Revaluation of land - 9 Deferred tax (expense)/benefit on the revaluation of land - (2) Exchange differences on translating foreign operations (17) (3) Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax (17) 4 Total comprehensive income for the year (275) (238) Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to: Non-controlling interest (78) (55) Owners of the parent (197) (181) (275) (236) ======Earnings per share Basic and diluted earnings per share - in INR (0.65) (0.66) ------

Consolidated cash flow statement

inINR Mn 30 June 30th June 2013 2012 ------Cash flows from operating activities Profit before income tax (238) (210) Adjustments for: Depreciation 12 98 Amortisation of Intangible Assets 4 4

Page 267 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Debtors write off 553 - Change in fair value of the Biological assets (32) - Changes in fair valuation of Loans 22 - Changes in deferred storage charges 12 - Impairment of Goodwill 363 - Gain on acquisition (901) - Share-based payment and increase in retirement benefit obligations (3) 3 Interest income (1) (16) Interest expense 87 61 Changes in working capital Inventories including Biological Assets 981 (1,313) Trade and other receivables 195 (471) Other Current assets 360 (667) Other Current Liabilities & other payables 163 98 Trade and other payables (1,018) 953 Cash generated from operations 559 (1,460) ------Taxes paid (15) (7) Net cash generated from operating activities 544 (1,467) ------Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment (PPE) (6) (1,797) Internal Intangible Development (11) - Acquisition of subsidiary net of cash (77) (363) Sale of Assets 3 - Long term financial assets acquired (18) - Interest received 1 16 Net cash used in investing activities (108) (2,144) ------Cash flows from financing activities Contribution towards ordinary shares -

Page 268 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 1,633 Non controlling interest (904) 1,188 Increase in borrowings 307 354 Opening Reserves on Acquisition - 540 Interest Paid (87) (61) Net cash used in financing activities (684) 3,654 ------Net (increase)/decrease in cash and cash equivalents (248) 43 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 220 - Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 47 4 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 19 47 ======

Statement of changes in equity

30 June 2013 ------

Total

attributable Share Share Capital Revaluation Translation Retained to owners of Non-controlling capital premium reserve reserve reserve earnings parent interest Total equity

[ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

------Balance as at 1 July 2011 4 - - - - - 4 - 4

Issue of Ordinary Equity Shares - 1,211 - - - 1,211

Page 269 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 1,211 Acquisition of the subsidiaries - - 3 7 - 860 870 1,184 2,054 4 1,211 3 7 - 860 2,085 1,184 3,269 ------Profit for the year - - - - - (125) (125) - (125) Other comprehensive income: Revaluation of land - - - 9 - - 9 - 9 Deferred tax liability on revaluation of land - - - (2) - - (2) - (2) Minority interest on revaluation of land - - - (4) - - (4) 4 - Exchange differences on translating foreign operations - - - - 3 - 3 - 3 Total comprehensive income for the year - - - 4 3 (125) (119) 4 (115) ------Balance as at 1 July 2012 4 1,211 3 11 3 735 1,967 1,188 3,155 Issue of Ordinary Equity Shares ------Increase in stake of the subsidiaries - 3 (3) (11) 220 (267) (58) (904) (962) 4 1,214 - - 223 468 1,909 284 2,193 ------Profit for the year - - - - (180) (180) (78) (258) Other comprehensive income:

Page 270 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Exchange differences on translating foreign operations - - - - (17) - (17) - (17) Total comprehensive income for the year - - - - (17) (180) (197) (78) (275) ------Balance as at 30 June 2013 4 1,214 - - 206 288 1,712 206 1,918 ------The acquisition of the subsidiaries during 2012 shown above incorrectly allocated INR 405 M to Share Premium rather than Retained earnings. This has now been corrected at the comparatives shown in the consolidated statement of financial position altered accordingly.

1. Corporate information

General information

Nandan Cleantec Plc. is the Group's ultimate parent Company and is domiciled in UK. Established on 27(th) May, 2011, Nandan Cleantec Plc (NCL Plc.) (here-in referred to as the 'Company' or 'NCL Plc') is a Company, headquartered in London. The address of Nandan's registered office and its principal place of business is Ground Floor, 5 Welbeck Street, London W1G 9YQ, United Kingdom.

Listed on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market (AIM) with its operations in India, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Africa;

1.1. Statement of compliance with IFRS

The consolidated financial statements of NCL Plc, its subsidiaries and joint ventures (herein referred to as the "Group") have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Basis of Measurement.

The Financial statement has been prepared on an accruals basis and is based on historical costs modified by the revaluation of selected non-current assets, financial assets and financial liabilities for which the fair value basis of accounting has been applied. All amounts shown are in Indian Rupees unless otherwise stated.

2. Intangible assets

The Group's intangible asset comprises of capitalization of development cost on the internally conducted development activity, intangible costs under development and the amount expensed on the patents acquired. The carrying amounts for the reporting periods under review can be analyzed as follows:

30th June 2013 ------Intangible Intangibles Patents Total under development put to

use ------Gross carrying amount- balance as at 1(st) July 2012 166 17 2 185 Intangibles acquired during the - - - - year Additions, internally developed 11 - - 11 Disposals - - - - Net exchange differences - - - Balance 30 June 2013 177 17 2 196 ------

Amortisation: Accumulated Amortizations - balance as at 1(st) July 2012 - (13) (1) (14) Amortization for the year - (4) - (4) Disposals - - - - Balance 30 June 2013 - (17) (1) (18) ------Net Book Value as on 30 June 2013 177 - 1 178 Net Book Value as on 30 June 2012 166 4 1 171

3. Property, plant and equipment

The Group's property, plant and equipment comprises of land, buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture and fixtures and assets under construction. The figures include the amount of Borrowing cost capitalized of INR 42667076. The carrying amount can be analyzed as follows:

Land Buildings Plant and Furniture, Live Stock Assets under Total machinery fixtures and construction other equipment ------Gross carrying amount Balance as at 1 July 2012 352 83 1,292 116 - 43 1,886 Additions 5 - - - - - 5 Additions on Business combination 3 - - - - 52 55 Reclassifications 5 64 45 (71) - (43) - Revaluation rise/(decrease) (8) - - - - - (8) Disposals (1) - - (2) - - (3) Net exchange differences ------Balance as at 30 June 2013 356 147 1,337 43 - 52 1,935 ------

Accumulated Depreciation Balance as at 1

[ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

July 2012 - (17) (315) (30) - - (362) Depreciation - (3) (5) (4) - - (12) Disposal - - - 2 - - 2

Page 273 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Net exchange - differences ------Balance as at 30 June 2013 - (20) (320) (32) - - (372) ------Carrying amount 30 June 2013 356 127 1,017 11 - 52 1,563 ------Carrying amount 30 June 2012 352 66 977 86 - 43 1,524 ------

The Directors have undertaken an impairment review of the Property, Plant and Equipment of the group as at the year end date and are satisfied that there are no indicators of impairment.

4. Goodwill

30th June 2013 ------Amount ------Gross carrying amount- balance as at 1(st) July 2012 363 Cost of acquisition during the year - Additions, internally developed - Disposals - Impairment (363) Net exchange differences ------Balance 30 June 2013 ------Amortization: Accumulated Amortizations - balance as at 1(st) - July 2012 Amortization for the year - Disposals ------Balance as at 30 June 2013 - Net Book Value as on 30 June 2013 ------Net Book Value as on 30 June 2012 363

The Goodwill which was recorded by the group on acquiring Nandan Cleantec Industries Limited during the previous year has been offset by the additional assets value acquired as part of the Bargain Gain

5. Biological assets

30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Biological assets 63 173 Total 63 173 ------Change in the fair value of biological assets: 30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Beginning of the period 173 - Produced 106 715 Sales (216) (542) End of the period 63 173 ------

Gain/(loss) of Biological Assets as on 30.6.2013 ------30- Jun-13 ------Biological Assets as on 30 June 2013 63 Such assets as valued at 1(st) July 2012 31 Gain of Biological Asset as on Financial position date 32 ------

6. Inventories

Inventories recognized in the statement of financial position can be analyzed as follows:

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Raw materials and Consumables 12 12

Change in inventories 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Inventory of finished stock: and WIP Opening Balance 1,128 1,028 Currency Translation difference (3) - End of the period 289 1,128 ------Change in inventories (842) 100 ------

7. Trade receivables

30-Jun-13 30-June-12 ------Trade receivables 288 471 Trade receivables 288 471 ------

All amounts are short-term and non-interest bearing and are generally due within 90 days. The net carrying value of trade receivables is considered a reasonable approximation of fair value. All of the Group's trade and other receivables have been reviewed for indicators of impairment.

8. Other short term financial assets

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Other receivables 530 613 Sundry deposits 13 11

Sundry Loans 65 36 ------Total 608 660 ------

The net carrying value of trade receivables is considered a reasonable approximation of fair value

9. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include the following components:

30-Jun-13 30-

10. Equity

10.1. Share capital

30-Jun-13 30- Jun-12 ------Authorized capital - 500,010,000 ordinary shares of GBP 0.0002 each (2012:500,010,000) 100,002 100,002 Issued and fully paid up - 276,839,222 ordinary shares of GBP 0.0002 each (2012:276,839,222) (Refer table below) 55,368 55,368 ------Equal INR Mil 4 4 ------

The share capital of the Group comprises only of fully paid ordinary shares of GBP 0.0002 each. All shares are equally eligible to receive dividends and the repayment of capital and represent one vote at the shareholders' meeting of Nandan Cleantec PLC, UK.

Reconciliation of the paid up share capital:

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Shares issued and fully paid up: Beginning of the year(GBP) 55,368 50,001 Issue of shares(GBP) 5,367 ------Shares issued and fully paid up 55,368 55,368

10.2. Share premium

Proceeds received in addition to the nominal value of the shares issued during the year have been included in the share premium, less registration and other issue related expenses and net of related tax benefits.

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Opening Balance 1,211 - Issue of the shares at the premium 1,294 Less : Cost of Issue Expenses - (83) Add:- Prior Period VAT Adjustments 3 - Total Share premium 1,214 1,211 ------

[ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

11. Pension and other employee obligations

30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Obligation in the statement of financial position Gratuity 3 2 Compensated absences 1 1 ------

4 3 ------Expense recognized in the statement of comprehensive income Gratuity - - Compensated absences - 1 ------

- 1 ------

Page 278 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Gratuity The amounts recognized in the statement of financial position have been determined as follows: 30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Present value of funded obligations 3 2 Present value of Unfunded obligations - - Fair value of plan assets 1 - Un-recognized actuarial gain/loss ------Liability in the statement of financial position 3 2 ------Pension & Employee Obligations - 2 Other Liabilities - Current 3 - Total Gratuity Amount 3 2 ------

The movement in the defined benefit obligation over the year is as follows: 30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Beginning of the period 3 2 Current service cost - 1 Interest cost - - Actuarial losses/(gain) - - Benefits Paid - - Crystallized Benefit transferred to -3 - Current liabilities End of the period 0 3 ------The fair value of plan assets as at 30 June 2013 is INR1,028,988 (2012: INR1,052,502)

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows: 30-

Page 279 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Discount rate 7.70% 8.35% Expected return on plan assets 7.50% 7.50% Salary escalation rate 7% 7% Retirement age (years) 58 58 ------

Retirement Benefits accrued above includes the benefits to Mr. Bhaskar Rao Vollam , Director of the company.

There are additional disclosures required as per IAS 19 but the above amounts are deemed immaterial for full disclosure in these accounts.

12. Borrowings

The borrowings comprise of the following: Interest Final maturity 30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 rate range ------Term loan 12%-13% Mar-14 161 322 Over Draft 10.95%-15% 299 - Unsecured Loans 0% 170 -

Total 630 322 ------The borrowings mature as follows: 30- Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Current liabilities: Amounts falling due within one year 460 91 Non-current liabilities Amounts falling due after one year but not more than 5 years 170 231 Total 630 322

The borrowings comprise of the following:

The borrowings mature as follows:

1. The term loan outstanding as at 30 June 2013 of INR 161.32 Mil is fully secured by way of a first charge on the property, plant and equipment of the Company.

2. All the above facilities are secured vide collateral securities of the promoters / whole time directors created / to be created against out of the said loan.

13. Deferred tax liabilities

Operating Defined benefit Property, Total Expenses plans plant and equipment ------Opening Balance 118 ------Charged/(credited) to the statement of comprehensive income -10 - 30 20 Revaluation of land - - - -

Balance as at 30 June 2013 -10 - 30 138 ------

14. Trade and other payables

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Trade and other payables 230 149 Creditors for Capital Works - - Other liabilities 8 849 ------Total 238 998

The carrying amount of trade and other payables is considered a reasonable approximation of fair value and is non-interest bearing and are generally due within 30 days.

15. Other liabilities

All other liabilities are considered current. The carrying amounts may be analyzed as follows: 30-Jun-13 30-Jun- 12 ------Beginning of the year 7 - Additional provisions 12 7 Current liability for Gratuity & compensated 4 - absence Reversals ------End of the year 23 7 ------

16. Other Non-Current liabilities

All other liabilities are considered current. The carrying amounts may be analyzed as follows: 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------

Deferred Storage costs 12 1 Site Restoration Liability 2 2 Lease Rental Charges 2 2 Long term Customer Advances 149 - Total 165 5 ------

All other liabilities are considered current. The carrying amounts may be analyzed as follows:

The group's entities have secured a warehouse for the storage of biodiesel from the lesser for a lease term of five years. The annual

Page 282 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. lease charges payable to the lesser contain an escalation clause of 5 percent. Hence, the storage costs payable to the lesser has been amortized on a straight line basis over the term of the lease as detailed in note 2.11. A provision has been recognized for the restoration costs associated with the construction of the production plant. The unwinding of the discount on the restoration provision has been included in other finance cost. [ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

17. Revenue

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Sale of Biodiesel/ fuels-Trading 854 2,966 Sale of Jatropha Saplings 340 764 Sale of Nutraceuticals 104 374 ------Total 1,298 4,104 ------

Details of the Trading Sales Trading Turnover Processed Activity ------Sale of the Bio - Fuels 748 0

Total 748 0 ------

18. Costs of material

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Consumption of Raw materials 330 3,708 Direct expenses 208 407

Total 538 4,115 ------

19. Employee expenses

19.1. Employee expenses comprises of the following:

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Wages, salaries 32 41 Pensions - defined benefit plans 1 1

19.2. Share based remuneration

In a meeting held on 30 September 2009, the Board of Directors of Nandan Cleantec Limited one of the group companies approved Employee Stock Option Scheme 2007, for certain employees of the Group. The scheme is administered by the ESOP committee of the Company. The options shall vest within twelve months from the date of grant of the same. The exercise price of the option shall be determined by the ESOP committee as at the date of grant of the same. The Shares issued pursuant to any Option shall rank pari passu with all the other equity shares of the Company for the time being issued and outstanding, including payment of full dividend. Stock Options represent a reward system based on performance. They help companies attract retain and motivate the best available talent. As the global business environment is becoming increasingly competitive, it is important to attract and retain qualified, talented and competent personnel in the Company. Stock Options also provide a Company with an opportunity to optimize its personnel costs. This also provides an opportunity to employees to participate in the growth of the Company, besides creating long term wealth in their hands. The Company has allotted 612,972 shares as at June 2013 to the Employees Stock Option Scheme 2007 to Nandan Biomatrix Stock Option Trust. However, the shares were yet to be granted as at 30 June 2013.

19.3. The Details of the Employees of the Group

in Nos 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Farming 15 30 Production 24 29 Administration 20 59 Total 59 118 ------

20. Other operating expenses

Other operating expenses 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12

Advertisement and Business promotion 1 5 Communication charges - - Rent 6 9 Insurance 2 - Electricity 3 3 Travel and conveyance 6 7

Page 284 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Consultancy 15 2 Printing & Stationery 1 1 Other Misc Expenses 19 217 Research and development expenses 5 22 Telephone charges 1 1 Repairs & Maintenance 1 1 Boarding Expenses - 1 Rates & Taxes 2 1 Auditors Remuneration 5 6 Foreign Exchange fluctuation (26) - Total 41 276 ------

Details of Debtors Written off 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Bad debts written off 509 - Advances written off 44 -

Total 553 ------

The group suffered abnormally high bad debts in relation to the sale of plantlets and advances to farmer in connection with its Jatropha business as explained in the Operational Review in the Chairman's Statement.

Details of the Auditors remuneration 30-Jun-13 30-Jun- 12 ------Fees payable to the company's auditor for the audit of the company's annual accounts 4 3 Fees payable to the component auditors for the audit of the company's subsidiaries 1 3 Total 5 6 ------

21. Finance income

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Interest on fixed deposits 1 16 Total 1 16 ------

22. Finance costs

30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Interest expenses on bank borrowings 84 52 Bank and other finance charges 3 9 ------Total 87 61 ------

23. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share, is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.

30-Jun-13 30- Jun-12 ------Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company (180.00) (184.00) Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 276,839,222 276,839,222 Basic earnings per share in INR (0.65) (0.66) ------

24. Business Combination:

Acquisition of business during the year ended 30(th) June' 2013:

In line with the strategy to acquire the whole of the share capital of both operating companies of the group located in India, Nandan Cleantec Plc has acquired 51% of the Nandan Cleantec Limited and Nandan Cleantec Industries Limited ( Formerly known as Xtraa Cleancities Limited) through its wholly Owned Subsidiary Nandan Bio Energy Pte. Ltd in the previous year ended on 30th June 2012. To progress this objective Nandan Cleantec Plc has increased its holdings during the period in Nandan Cleantec Limited from 51% to 88.53% through its subsidiary Nandan Renewable Energies Limited on 31st December 2012. Similarly Nandan Cleantec Plc has increased its holdings during the period in Nandan Cleantec Industries Limited (formerly known as Xtraa Cleancities Limited (NCIL)) from 51% to

Page 286 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 95.47% through its subsidiaries Nandan Renewable Energies Limited. The company has acquired the additional shareholdings in both the operating companies from the existing shareholders of those companies at a consideration which has resulted in the gain from the purchase of additional stake in the business which has been routed through the statement of the comprehensive Income. The Goodwill which was recorded by the group on acquiring Nandan Cleantec Industries Limited during the previous year has been offset by the additional assets value acquired as part of the Bargain Gain generated by acquiring the extra stake in that company this year.

Details of the Percentage acquired by the group.

Particulars 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-13 ------

Nandan Cleantec Limited 88.53% 51.00% Nandan Cleantec Industries Limited 95.47% 51.00% Nandan Renewable Energies Limited 93.07% -

[ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

Results of the acquired entities have been consolidated in the statement of comprehensive income from the date

of combination. Details of net assets acquired as follows:

Particulars Nandan Cleantec Limited Nandan Cleantec Nandan Renewable Energies Total

Industries Limited Limted ------Fair value of the net assets 1,106 1,315 89 2,510 Less: Attributable to Parent (564) (671) - (1,235) Less: Attributable to Minorities (147) (59) (6) (212) ------Fair value of the net 395 - - assets acquired for additional stake of 37.53% Fair value of the net - 585 - assets acquired for

Page 287 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. additional stake of 44.47% Fair value of the net assets acquired for additional stake of 93.07% - - 83 1063 Less: Cash Consideration paid for additional stake (83) - (79) (162) ------Excess of Group interest over the fair of acquires of asset and liabilities- Bargain Purchase 312 585 4 901 ------

Nandan Renewable Energies Limited Fair Value recognized on acquisition INR Mil Particulars Amount Amount ------

Amount settled in Cash 79 Recognized amount of identifiable net assets PPE 55 Intangible Assets - Investments in Subsidiaries 88 Inventories - Biological Assets - Trade Receivables 12 Cash and cash equivalents 2 Other Current Assets 204 Sundry Deposits - Deferred tax liabilities - Provisions - Other liabilities (13) Trade and other payables (258) Borrowings (1) Identifiable net assets 89 ------Share of Minority interest holder in net assets 0 6 Share of acquirer 1 83 Negative goodwill/ Profit on Acquisition (4) ------

Consideration settled in cash 79 Cash acquired (2) Net inflow on acquisition 77 ------

The Group has adopted the "management approach" in identifying the operating segments as outlined in IFRS 8. IFRS 8 establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments and related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The Group operations predominantly relate to sale of Biodiesel, Jatropha plantlets and Nutraceutical products.

The chief operating decision maker evaluates the Group performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators at operational unit level. Accordingly the Group is organized into business units based on the nature of operations and has three reportable segments as follows:

-- Sale of Biodiesel -- Sale of Jatropha Products -- Sale of Nutraceutical products.

Management monitors the gross profit of its business units separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on revenues and gross profit earned which in certain respects, as explained in the table below, is measured differently from operating statement of comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements. The segment asset comprises predominantly of land which can interchanged between the business units. Group financing (including finance costs and finance income) and income taxes are managed on a individual company basis and are not allocated to operating segments.

Segment Revenue and results

Segment revenue Segment profit 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 30-Jun-13 30-Jun- 12 ------

Biodiesel 854 2966 179 (368) Jatropha 340 763 (193) 110 Nutraceuticals 104 374 (137) 92 ------Total for continuing operations 1298 4104 (152) (166) ------

Loss before tax (238) (211) ------

Segment assets and liabilities

Segment Assets Segment Liabilities 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-12 ------Biodiesel 1,884 2138 1,059 629 Jatropha 997 382 95 808 Nutraceuticals 231 134 40 16 3,112 4608 1,194 1453 ------

The revenues from external customers for each product and service, and on a geographical basis is not available, and the cost to develop it would be excessive.

26. Going Concern

As a result of prolonged legal battle with the SEZ authorities , in the period under review, the Group has incurred operational Loss after tax for the year of INR 258 million (equivalent to GBP 2.52 million at current exchange rates). The Group has net current assets of INR 580 million(current assets less current liabilities) and the Company also has positive net assets of INR1918 Mil. It's important to note that the Group has sufficient accumulated Net Reserves to absorb the one off exceptional losses which were incurred during the reporting period. Even after absorbing the current losses the Company has positive net assets of INR 1918 Mil and INR. 206 Mil attributable to Minorities to cover this.

The group is of the firm belief that the company has not incurred operational losses on account of business reasons , it has incurred losses due to external factors , especially the litigation with the SEZ authorities which is not under the control of the group. This set back is to be viewed as a purely temporary phenomena considering the fact that the Appellate Tribunal, Ministry of Commerce has reduced the penalty from INR 663 Million to INR 223 Million and the company has filed the writ petition to waive off the penalty of INR 223 Million based on the merits of the case and also the fact that the group has recommenced the operations from the facility. The operations have commenced post reporting period and the company is now rebooted and refreshed and ready to execute the commercial order from HK Petroleum in the first Half of the Financial Year 2013-14

The Directors believe that, on the date of this report Group has sufficient financial resources to meet the committed financial liabilities.

However, the Group requires additional debt finance to be able to resume operations on a normal trading and production level. The Directors are in negotiations with various parties to secure such funding. At present, the Group's resources are not adequate and unless this funding is obtained the Group cannot formally demonstrate that it has the resources required over the next 12 months. In the opinion of the Directors, the company is able to meet its obligations as and when they fall due but require further working capital to resume its normal level of activity.

Accordingly, the Going Concern basis has been used for the preparation of these financial statements but should that basis not apply then assets may not be worth their current value and further liabilities might arise. The extent of such adjustments cannot be predicted.

27. Report & Accounts [ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

Copies of the Annual Report and Accounts are available from the Company's website - www.ncp.uk.com and have been posted to shareholders today. Copies will also be available from the registered office of Nandan Cleantec plc, Ground Floor, 5 Welbeck Street, London W1G 9YQ.

This information is provided by RNS

The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

END

FR PGGRCPUPWPGP [ 23-12-13 0700GMT ]

CO nandaz : Nandan Cleantec PLC

IN i1 : Energy | ialtful : Alternative Fuels | ibioful : Biofuels

PUB The London Stock Exchange

AN Document RNS0000020131223e9cn00026

WC 1,737 words

PD 20 December 2013

ET 07:00 GMT

SN Regulatory News Service

SC RNS

LA English

LP TIDMLEG

RNS Number : 0509W

TD Legendary Investments PLC

20 December 2013

LEGENDARY INVESTMENTS PLC ("Legendary" or the "Company")

UNAUDITED INTERIM RESULTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2013

EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT

During the period, substantial progress was made at key investments, and progress continued at all core investments. Potential for value crystallisations and realisations are now in sight. Legendary continued to review potential investments, but no suitable investments were identified.

Dramatic progress continues at VirtualStock Limited. As announced in June 2013, VirtualStock won a landmark, renewable contract with the UK's largest retailer, Tesco PLC, to implement the cloud based e-commerce solution, The Edge(TM). Post the period end, The Edge(TM) was implemented and activated within Tesco PLC. Also post the period end, a further contract was signed with another major retailer, Kiddicare.com Limited, part of WM

Page 293 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Morrison Supermarkets plc, and implementation and activation occurred shortly thereafter. A notable contract extension to support European expansion was also signed with Office Depot International.

These wins are the result of several months of dedicated work to the highest standards at VirtualStock. The wins, in which some of the world's leading companies have selected VirtualStock's solution (The Edge(TM)) for critical online infrastructure, underlines the fact that VirtualStock continues to mature into a company capable of and trusted to supply world-class, critical online infrastructure solutions. VirtualStock's plan is to build on this success to accelerate growth. We are hopeful that value crystallisation is in sight.

Significant progress continues at Bosques Energeticos EBE S.A. de C.V. as the company continued to build on its sound knowledge and knowhow base. During the period it developed generation two elite Pongamia, which as announced in in November 2013 (post the period end) is flowering and exhibiting seed pods in under two years. In addition, generation four Jatropha was developed which is edible and yields seeds in as early as six months. Bosques believes that it is the first company to develop such plants. Through its research, development and innovation-based approach, Bosques has built up significant value. Legendary is assisting Bosques in conversations with a number of parties to develop its business further.

Significant progress continues at Amedeo Resources PLC (previously Creon Resources PLC). In April 2013, Amedeo, invested in MGR Resources PTE Ltd, a wholesale trader of ferrous metals and ore. Progress at MGR has been rapid, and the business made a substantial dividend payment to Amedeo in late July 2013. Progress also continued at Jiangsu Yangzijiang Offshore Engineering Co. Ltd ("YZJOE") with steel being struck in August on YZJOE's first rig order. In addition, wharf and slipway building commenced at YZJOE's new rig yard and is on schedule to be competed mid to late next year. Amedeo has the potential to become rapidly a large and valuable company. As a result of the assistance that Legendary has been giving to Amedeo, I was invited to join the Board of Amedeo. This I did in September 2013.

As reported in the 2013 Annual Report, Manas Minerals LLC owns the Padsha Ata Licence to mine for coal in Jalal-Abad, Kyrgystan. Soviet surveys suggest that the region contains 182 million tonnes of coal reserves of which 116 million is of coking coal quality. Results from Wardell Armstrong studies suggest that the coal formation is more intense and that the value of the coal is estimated at over US$15bn (US$85 per tonne). Various discussions are underway to progress this investment.

Medgold Resources Corp. continues to make progress having expanded its portfolio of permits and defined exploration targets. Sula Iron and Gold plc also continues to make

Page 294 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. progress having confirmed significant iron prospectivity in Sierra Leone. The Company has a small interest in Regency Mines plc; however it is not a core holding.

For the period, Legendary made a net loss on investments of GBP77,000 (2012: gain of GBP35,000). This was due to the fall in value of the listed investments, some of which have now, post the period end, recovered. In addition, while substantial progress has been made at the unlisted investments (comprising VirtualStock, Bosques and Manas), these are held at cost. Administrative costs were in line with the prior period at GBP89,000 (2012: GBP83,000). Overall, net loss for the first half of the year was GBP178,000 (2012: loss of GBP48,000). Legendary ended the period with GBP432,000 (2012: GBP378,000) of investments, GBP53,000 (2012: GBP237,000) of cash, GBP388,000 (2012: GBP574,000) of net assets and GBP508,000 (2012: GBP634,000) of total assets.

The period under review has been one of progress, both landmark and steady, at Legendary's investee companies. And progress continued post the period end. Legendary continues to assist its investee companies and evaluate new potential investments. Legendary is now poised to enter the next phase of its development.

For further information, please contact:

Legendary InvestmentsZafar Karim / Plc Thomas Reuner 020 8201 3536 Colin Aaronson/ Grant Thornton Melanie Frean UK LLP / Jen Clarke 020 7383 5100 Beaufort Securities Limited Guy Wheatley 020 7382 8300 Nick Emerson/ SI Capital Andrew Thacker 01483 413500 Newgate Threadneedle Caroline Evans-Jones 020 7653 9850

About Legendary Investments PLC

Legendary Investments PLC is a proactive investment company that focuses on making investments in and assisting companies which exhibit the potential to generate returns of many multiples through capital appreciation. Typically, Legendary invests in small companies where there are clear catalysts for value appreciation and the companies are operating in sectors exhibiting long term growth. Examples of such sectors include technology, energy and natural resources.

PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT

for the six months ended 30(th) September 2013

Year 6m ended 6m ended ended 30/09/13 30/09/12 31/03/13 (GBP'000) Unaudited Unaudited Audited

Net gain/(loss) on investments (77) 35 38

Net administrative expenses before share option charge and exceptional items (89) (83) (184) Share option charge (12) 0 (12) Net administrative expenses (101) (83) (196)

Operating (loss)/profit (178) (48) (158)

Finance charge 0 0 0

(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities before tax (178) (48) (158)

Taxation 0 0 0

(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities after tax (178) (48) (158) ------

(Loss) per share (basic and fully diluted) - pence (0.01)p (0.003)p (0.01)p ------

BALANCE SHEET

as at 30(th) September 2013

(GBP'000s) As at As at As at 30/09/2013 30/09/2012 31/03/2013

Current assets Current asset investments 196 314 273 Debtors due within one year 20 14 35 Cash at bank and in hand 53 237 101 ------269 565 409 Creditors Creditors: amounts falling due within one year (90) (30) (65) Creditors: amounts falling due after one year (30) (30) (30)

Net assets/(liabilities) 388 574 554 ------

Capital and reserves Called up share capital 1,643 1,575 1,643 Share premium account 8,316 8,309 8,316 Share based payment reserve 184 156 171 Profit and loss - deficit (9,755) (9,466) (9,576)

Equity shareholders' funds/(deficit) 388 574 554 ------

CASH FLOW STATEMENT [ 20-12-13 0700GMT ]

for the six months ended 30(th) September 2013

Net cash outflow from operating activities (125) (98) (140)

Purchase of office Equipment 0 0 0 Payments to acquire investments 0 (200) (368) Loss on Investments 77 0 0

Net cash outflow before financing (48) (200) (508)

Financing Issue of new ordinary shares 0 0 75 Increase in debt 0 0 0 Expenses paid in connection with share issue 0 0 0 ------0 0 75

Decrease in cash in the period / year (48) (298) (433) ------

Notes to the Interim Results

1. Accounting Policies

The accounts have been prepared in accordance with applicable accounting standards under the historical cost accounting rules, modified by the revaluation of investments.

2. Basis of Preparation of Half Yearly Financial Information

These unaudited interim financial statements for the six months ended

Page 298 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 September 2013 have been prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Standards. The financial information in this interim announcement does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of Section 434 of the Companies Act 2006.

The comparative financial information for the year ended 31 March 2013 does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of Section 434 of the Companies Act 2006. The statutory accounts of Legendary Investments PLC for the year ended 31 March 2013 have been reported on by the Company's auditor and have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies.

The current and comparative periods to September have been prepared using accounting policies and practices consistent with those adopted in the annual financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2013 and are also consistent with those which will be adopted in the 31 March 2014 financial statements.

The Company is not required to prepare financial statements in accordance with International Accounting Standards as it is not a parent company. The directors are of the opinion that the adoption of International Accounting Standards would have no material impact on the reported results and will therefore continue to apply UK Generally Accepted Accounting Standards, but will reconsider the position should the Company's activities lead to a material difference between the accounting bases.

3. Earnings Per Share

The calculation of earnings per share is based on the profit/ (loss) for the period divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period of 1,643,349,016 (2012: 1,575,167,198).

4. Half Yearly Report

The half yearly report, including the financial information contained herein, is the responsibility of, and was approved by the directors on 19 December 2013. The continuing obligations of the AIM Rules for Companies require that the accounting policies and presentation applied to the half yearly figures should be consistent with those applied in preparing preceding annual accounts except where any changes, and the reasons for them, are disclosed.

Copies of this report are available on the Company's website, www.leginvest.com

This information is provided by RNS

The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

END

IR PGGCGPUPWUGU [ 20-12-13 0700GMT ]

CO lgendi : Legendary Investments PLC | tsco : Tesco PLC

PUB The London Stock Exchange

AN Document RNS0000020131220e9ck0002e

PD 18 December 2013

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 166

LA English

LP 2013 DEC 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- New research on Bioresource Technology is the subject of a report. According to news reporting from Erode, India, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "In the present work, the evaluation capacities of two optimization methodologies such as RSM and ANN were employed and compared for predication of Cr(VI) uptake rate using defatted pongamia oil cake (DPOC) in both batch and column mode. The influence of operating parameters was investigated through a central composite design (CCD) of RSM using Design Expert 8.0.7.1 software."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Department of Food Technology, "The same data was fed as input in ANN to obtain a trained the multilayer feed- forward networks back-propagation algorithm using MATLAB. The performance of the developed ANN models were compared with RSM mathematical models for Cr(VI) uptake rate in terms of the coefficient of determination (R-2), root mean square error (RMSE) and absolute average deviation (MD)."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "The estimated values confirm that ANN predominates RSM representing the superiority of a trained ANN models over RSM models in order to capture the non-linear behavior of the given system."

For more information on this research see: Development of experimental design approach and ANN-based models for determination of Cr(VI) ions uptake rate from aqueous solution onto the solid biodiesel waste residue. Bioresource Technology, 2013;148():550-559. Bioresource Technology can be contacted at: Elsevier Sci Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Bioresource

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting M. Shanmugaprakash, Kongu Engn College, Dept. of Food Technol, Perundurai 638052, Erode, India.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, Erode, India, Energy, Biodiesel, Oil and Gas, Bioengineering, Bioresource Technology

NS gbiot : Biotechnology | gcat : Political/General News | gsci : Sciences/Technologies

AN Document BIWK000020131213e9ci0003t

WC 591 words

PD 13 December 2013

SN Science Letter

SC SCLT

LA English

LP 2013 DEC 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- Data detailed on Science have been presented. According to news reporting originating in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "The mangrove plant Pongamia pinnata (Leguminosae) is well known as a plant pesticide. Previous studies have indicated that the flavonoids are responsible of the biological activities of the plant."

TD The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Wenzhou Medical College, "A new high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method for the separation of three flavonoids, karanjin (1), pinnatin (2), and pongaflavone (3), from P. pinnata was developed in the present study. The lower and intermediate phase (LP and IP) of a new three-phase solvent system, n-hexane-acetonitrile-dichloromethane-water, at a volume ratio of 5:5:1:5, were used as the stationary phases, while the upper phase (UP) was used as the mobile phase, and the volume ratio between the stationary phases in the CCC column could be tuned by varying the initial pumped volume ratio of the stationary phases. The CCC columns containing all three phases of the solvent system were considered combination columns. According to the theories of combination column, it is possible to optimize the retention time of the target compounds by varying the volume ratio of the stationary phases in the HSCCC combination columns, as well as the suitable volume ratios of the stationary phases for the separation of the target compounds were predicted from the partition coefficients of the compounds in the three-phase solvent system. Then, three HSCCC separations using the combination columns with initial pumped LP:IP volume ratios of 1:0, 0.9:0.1, and 0.7:0.3 were performed separately based on the prediction. Three target compounds were prepared with high purity when the initial pumped volume ratio of the stationary phases was 0.9:0.1. The baseline separation of compounds 2 and 3 was achieved on the combination column with an initial pumped volume ratio of 0.7:0.3. Furthermore, the three experiments clearly demonstrated that the retentions and resolutions of the target compounds increased with an increasing volume ratio of IP, which is consistent with the prediction for the retention times for

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "The method proposed here reduces the need for solvent selection compared with the conventional method and may have broad potential applicability in the preparation of natural products."

For more information on this research see: The separation of flavonoids from Pongamia pinnata using combination columns in high-speed counter-current chromatography with a three-phase solvent system. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013;1315():80-85. Journal of Chromatography A can be contacted at: Elsevier Science Bv, PO Box 211, 1000 Ae Amsterdam, Netherlands. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Journal of Chromatography A - www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/502688)

Our news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained by contacting H. Yin, Wenzhou Med College, Sch Life Sci, Dept. of Marine Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. Additional authors for this research include S. Zhang, L.J. Long, H. Yin, X.P. Tian, X.M. Luo, H.H. Nan and S. He.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Science, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

IN i323 : Textile Machinery Manufacturing | i32 : Machinery | iindstrls : Industrial Goods

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document SCLT000020131206e9cd00065

HD In the lap of nature

WC 821 words

PD 10 December 2013

SN Deccan Herald

SC DECHER

LA English

LP Bangalore, Dec 11, 2013, DHNS:

The students and faculty of Acharya Pre-University College went on a trek to Aluru Forest near Kuduregere recently. For the students, it was time to touch, see and learn from nature.

TD The trek, which was five kilometres long, introduced the students to a variety of trees ranging from Egyptian acacia to the Indian neem tree, bamboosa arundenasia to diesel plant pongamia pinnata and sandalwood trees to fruit-bearing shrubs. As many as 46 first-year PCMB students were a part of the trek.

The students were given a checklist of 'dos and don'ts' and then followed their lecturers along with the principal. Many of them had never been to a forest before and were thrilled to spend a day in the nature's lap.

Said Shashidar, a student, "I was going to a forest for the first time and was very curious. In a classroom, we may see pictures and try to learn the theoretical aspect of a subject. But this was a different experience altogether. For instance, on our way, we encountered a dry bamboo tree which was in the shape of an inverted broomstick. We all had so many questions about its origin and wanted to know more about the species. So our principal explained the life cycle of bamboo grass to us. We understood that a bamboo dies after 60 years by shedding rice under it. This generates a new blade of bamboo grass. We also learnt the importance of the grass on the forest floor and that it helps in water percolation and soil protection."

Were they tired during

the trek? Keerthy Kumar, another student, said, "Since many of us do not engage in any sort of exercise, our legs did hurt after a point. But when you are with a big group of friends, such things go unnoticed. It was a very refreshing experience and all our doubts were clarified on the spot.

We got an opportunity to learn many things which are not mentioned in the textbook, like the medicinal value of certain plants and their biological names among other things.

We experienced a new world and had the liberty to express what we felt. This kind of a learning atmosphere is never created in a classroom set-up."

The students also got a chance to see birds like Red Wattled Lapwing. Following this, the students hugged the trees to show their love for nature.

The students and faculty of Acharya Pre-University College went on a trek to Aluru Forest near Kuduregere recently. For the students, it was time to touch, see and learn from nature.

The trek, which was five kilometres long, introduced the students to a variety of trees ranging from Egyptian acacia to the Indian neem tree, bamboosa arundenasia to diesel plant pongamia pinnata and sandalwood trees to fruit-bearing shrubs. As many as 46 first-year PCMB students were a part of the trek.

The students were given a checklist of 'dos and don’ts’ and then followed their lecturers along with the principal. Many of them had never been to a forest before and were thrilled to spend a day in the nature’s lap.

Were they tired during

the trek? Keerthy Kumar, another student, said, "Since many of us do not engage in any sort

Page 306 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. of exercise, our legs did hurt after a point. But when you are with a big group of friends, such things go unnoticed. It was a very refreshing experience and all our doubts were clarified on the spot.

We got an opportunity to learn many things which are not mentioned in the textbook, like the medicinal value of certain plants and their biological names among other things.

We experienced a new world and had the liberty to express what we felt. This kind of a learning atmosphere is never created in a classroom set-up.”

The students also got a chance to see birds like Red Wattled Lapwing. Following this, the students hugged the trees to show their love for nature.

ART Participants plucking out wild berries.

NS gpol : Domestic Politics | gcat : Political/General News | gpir : Politics/International Relations

AN Document DECHER0020131210e9ca0006f

SE Kochi

HD Metro agency speeds up tree planting mission

WC 359 words

PD 9 December 2013

SN The Times of India

SC TOI

LA English

LP KOCHI: The Kochi Metro Rail Ltd (KMRL) is drafting a "consultative tree planting plan" and has identified about 10 locations in the city to plant saplings.

The agency, which is drafting the project along with the district tree cutting permit issuing committee, environmentalists and other green agencies, will soon implement the project.

TD KMRL managing director Elias George said that they have approached various agencies which own roads and parks to grant required sanctions for beginning the planting process. "The aim is to launch tree planting on Sahodharan Ayyappan Road. KMRL hopes to start the work by January," he said.

The Metro agency has speeded up the drafting process following the statement issued by the tree cutting committee that it would not provide further permits to cut trees unless KMRL implemented a project for caring and nurturing saplings.

KMRL has also taken up the responsibility of fabricating about three lakh tree guards. They will also rope in an agency to ensure that the seedlings are nurtured. "KMRL will sign a tree contract with the agency. Once we complete the bidding process for appointing the agency and obtain the required tree guards, we expect to launch the planting work," said George.

The total cost required for the project would be ascertained after awarding the contract.

The Metro agency will have to spend at least Rs 750 for each tree guard. Meanwhile, the

Page 308 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. district tree cutting permit issuing committee member S Sitaraman said that KMRL has given an assurance that they would "provide a substantial amount" of money to carry out tree planting. "Surveys are being done to identify areas and also to spot places where saplings can be planted. The focus will be on planting fruit bearing trees, which have long life and are sustainable," he said. In the initial stage about 500 saplings will be planted in the available space.

While trees such as jackfruit, mango, jamun, blackboard tree (Paala), pongamia, peltophorum will be planted in places where larger areas are available, tress such as golden shower tree (kanikonna) will be planted along congested and busy roads.

For Reprint Rights: timescontent.com

NS gcat : Political/General News

AN Document TOI0000020131208e9c9000cu

HD Cubbon Park Turns Pink

WC 265 words

PD 8 December 2013

SN New Indian Express

SC NIEXPR

LA English

LP Cubbon Park Turns Pink

Mohammed Yacoob

TD Bangalore: Come December and commuters passing by Cubbon Park, High Court and Vidhana Soudha are treated to the soothing sight of pink blossoms on leafless trees. The splendorous Tabebuia, a genus of flowering plants, finds its place near Queens Statue, Band Stand, Hudson Circle, Koti Thope and near King Edward’s Statue. The Horticulture Department’s Cubbon Park Division is developing Tabebuia varieties to be planted at these spots. Deputy Director of Horticulture Mahantesh Murgod told Express the department has around 20 Tabebuia trees within Cubbon Park, 10 on the High Court premises and eight tress at Vidhana Soudha. He said the department is in the process of identifying small germinated seeds of Tabebuia Avellanedae, (also called deep pink trumpet flower tree), Tabebuia Rosea (pale pink flowers) and Tabebuia Argentea (yellow flowers). The department’s staff will move these to its nursery for better growth before planting the saplings at identified spots in and around Cubbon Park, he added. With its origins in the Latin America, the Tabebuia blooms during November- December and February- March. The tree sheds all its leaves and the pink blossoms stand against the bark. The challenge in growing these varieties is that the seeds are tiny and on an average, only 10 of a 100 seeds may germinate. The department has been trained to identify and move the saplings at an early stage of growth and nurture them in the nursery. Every two months, farm yard mixture, pongamia powder and horse manure is added to nurture the trees and saplings.

NS glife : Living/Lifestyle | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document NIEXPR0020131209e9c80006r

WC 356 words

PD 7 December 2013

SN Journal of Transportation

SC JTRANS

PG 181

LA English

LP 2013 DEC 7 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Journal of Transportation -- Investigators publish new report on Bioenergy. According to news reporting out of St. Lucia, Australia, by VerticalNews editors, research stated, "Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuels has not been widely considered, despite the increasing global attention that the field has received. We present three process models for production of aviation-fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata seeds and sugarcane molasses."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the University of Queensland, "The models and assumptions have been deposited on a wiki (http://qsafi.aibn.uq.edu.au) and are open and accessible to the community. Based on currently available long-term reputable technological data, this analysis indicates that the biorefineries processing the microalgae, Pongamia seeds, and sugarcane feedstocks would be competitive with crude oil at $1343, $374, and $301/bbl, respectively. Sensitivity analyses of the major economic drivers suggest technological and market developments that would bring the corresponding figures down to $385, $255, and $168/bbl."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The dynamic nature of the freely accessible models will allow the community to track progress toward economic competitiveness of aviation fuels from these renewable feedstocks."

For more information on this research see: Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata, and sugarcane. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining- Biofpr, 2013;7(4):416-428. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr can be contacted at: Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, NJ, USA.

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting D.

Page 312 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Klein-Marcuschamer, University of Queensland, Solar Biofuels Res Center, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Additional authors for this research include C. Turner, M. Allen, P. Gray, R.G. Dietzgen, P.M. Gresshoff, B. Hankamer, K. Heimann, P.T. Scott, E. Stephens, R. Speight and L.K. Nielsen.

Keywords for this news article include: Aviation, St. Lucia, Bioenergy, Australia and New Zealand

NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

RE austr : Australia | apacz : Asia Pacific | ausnz : Australia/Oceania

AN Document JTRANS0020131129e9c70004n

WC 565 words

PD 4 December 2013

SN ENP Newswire

SC ENPNEW

LA English

LP Release date - 03122013

Melbourne - An Australian aviation biofuel industry is technically viable but significant obstacles remain, according to a report released by Qantas and Shell today.

TD The study, conducted with the support of the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA), is the most comprehensive investigation so far into the economic viability of producing biofuel on a commercial scale in Australia.

Identifying natural oils as a proven source material, the study modelled a plant capable of producing 1.1 billion litres of renewable fuels, including jet fuel and diesel, per year using existing supply chain infrastructure.

It found that such a plant could be viable if three key priorities are addressed.

1. Feedstock. The volume of natural oil feedstocks available at a competitive price in Australia is not sufficient to power a commercial scale biofuel plant. This volume and price gap has potential to be filled by increased investment, research and development in production of emerging feedstocks such as algae and pongamia.

2. Infrastructure. While existing brownfield refining locations could be used for producing aviation biofuel, new infrastructure would be required, with associated capital costs.

3. Policy. Extending biodiesel production grants that currently apply to biodiesel to bio-jet fuel would go a long way to making a commercial plant viable.

Qantas’ Head of Environment, John Valastro, said the report gave a clear picture of the

‘Aviation biofuel is the only technology capable of delivering the generational change required for the aviation industry to meet its ambitious target of a 50 per cent reduction in carbon emissions by 2050,’ Mr Valastro said.

‘It’s well-established that certified biofuel can be used safely in commercial flights. Qantas’ focus now is on making it a viable alternative to conventional jet fuel. It won’t be easy, but we are armed with a stronger and more detailed understanding than ever before of all aspects of the biofuel supply chain.

‘The next step for Qantas is to work closely with our partners to find ways of increasing the supply and reducing the cost of aviation biofuel feedstocks in Australia - one of the major obstacles that need to be addressed.

‘At the same time, we will be talking to governments about the importance of a supportive policy environment for biofuel production, given its potential to create jobs and open up new opportunities in the agriculture sector and regional Australia.’

Shell Australia’s Vice President Downstream, Scott Wyatt, said Shell Australia was proud to be involved in the research.

‘While the establishment of an aviation biofuels industry might not appear viable in the short term, innovative research on supply chains will help inform future decisions,’ Mr Wyatt said.

The Qantas-Shell study looked only at certified biofuel production methods already approved for use in commercial aviation, and which meet strict operational and environmental criteria.

As well as natural oil-based fuel production pathways, Qantas worked directly with Solena Fuels to assess the opportunities around a waste-based pathway, which shows promise but also faces commercial challenges.

In addition to Qantas and Shell, a number of other companies with relevant expertise took part, including Sinclair Knight Merz, SkyNRG, AltAir Fuels, Solena Fuels and the Australian Research Council.

[Editorial queries for this story should be sent to [email protected]]

CO aunwbl : Australian Renewable Energy Agency | qntas : Qantas Airways Ltd | rnlp : Royal Dutch Shell PLC

RE austr : Australia | apacz : Asia Pacific | ausnz : Australia/Oceania

PUB Electronic News Publishing Ltd.

AN Document ENPNEW0020131204e9c4000hb

HD Qantas and Shell Release Biofuel Report

WC 551 words

PD 4 December 2013

SN RIA Oreanda-News

SC RIAORE

LA English

LP Companies. Winton, Queensland . OREANDA-NEWS. An Australian aviation biofuel industry is technically viable but significant obstacles remain, according to a report released by Qantas and Shell.

The study, conducted with the support of the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA), is the most comprehensive investigation so far into the economic viability of producing biofuel on a commercial scale in Australia.

TD Identifying natural oils as a proven source material, the study modelled a plant capable of producing 1.1 billion litres of renewable fuels, including jet fuel and diesel, per year using existing supply chain infrastructure.

It found that such a plant could be viable if three key priorities are addressed.

2. Infrastructure. While existing brownfield refining locations could be used for producing aviation biofuel, new infrastructure would be required, with associated capital costs.

3. Policy. Extending biodiesel production grants that currently apply to biodiesel to bio-jet fuel would go a long way to making a commercial plant viable.

Page 317 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Qantas' Head of Environment, John Valastro, said the report gave a clear picture of the actions required to make regular biofuel flights a reality in Australian skies.

Aviation biofuel is the only technology capable of delivering the generational change required for the aviation industry to meet its ambitious target of a 50 per cent reduction in carbon emissions by 2050, Mr Valastro said.

It's well-established that certified biofuel can be used safely in commercial flights. Qantas' focus now is on making it a viable alternative to conventional jet fuel. It won't be easy, but we are armed with a stronger and more detailed understanding than ever before of all aspects of the biofuel supply chain.

The next step for Qantas is to work closely with our partners to find ways of increasing the supply and reducing the cost of aviation biofuel feedstocks in Australia - one of the major obstacles that need to be addressed.

At the same time, we will be talking to governments about the importance of a supportive policy environment for biofuel production, given its potential to create jobs and open up new opportunities in the agriculture sector and regional Australia.

Shell Australia's Vice President Downstream, Scott Wyatt, said Shell Australia was proud to be involved in the research.

While the establishment of an aviation biofuels industry might not appear viable in the short term, innovative research on supply chains will help inform future decisions, Mr Wyatt said.

The Qantas-Shell study looked only at certified biofuel production methods already approved for use in commercial aviation, and which meet strict operational and environmental criteria.

In addition to Qantas and Shell, a number of other companies with relevant expertise took part, including Sinclair Knight Merz, SkyNRG, AltAir Fuels, Solena Fuels and the Australian Research Council.

CO aunwbl : Australian Renewable Energy Agency | qntas : Qantas Airways Ltd | rnlp : Royal Dutch Shell PLC

PUB Information Agency Oreanda News, LLC

AN Document RIAORE0020131204e9c4000ea

PD 4 December 2013

SN Biotech Week

SC BIWK

PG 158

LA English

LP 2013 DEC 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Biotech Week -- Fresh data on Renewable Energy are presented in a new report. According to news reporting originating in New Delhi, India, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Fatty acid methyl ester derived from renewable lipid feedstock is popularly known as biodiesel, the substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel."

The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from the Indian Institute of Technology, "The non-food oils such as Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), waste cooking oil, by-product of vegetable oil refineries are the cheap feedstock for cost-effective production of biodiesel. Jatropha may be one of the most promoted oilseed crop throughout the world due to higher oil yield, suitable fatty acid composition of the oil, adaptability to diverse agro-climatic condition and low gestation period."

TD According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "The current article discusses the updated research and development initiatives undertaken for the study of chemical composition of Jatropha oil, techniques for synthesis of biodiesel using homogeneous catalyst, heterogeneous catalyst, enzymes (lipases) and non-catalytic supercritical process to obtain Jatropha based biodiesel satisfying ASTM 6751, EN 14214 and IS 15607 specifications."

For more information on this research see: Jatropha curcas as a renewable source for biofuels-A review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013;26():397-407. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews can be contacted at: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, England. (Elsevier - www.elsevier.com; Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews -

Our news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained by contacting L.C. Meher, Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Center Rural Dev & Technol, New Delhi 110016, India. Additional authors for this research include C.P. Churamani, M. Arif, Z. Ahmed and S.N. Naik.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, Biotechnology, India, New Delhi, Biodiesel, Oil and Gas, Bioengineering, Renewable Energy

NS gbiot : Biotechnology | gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document BIWK000020131129e9c40003d

HD Australia : Qantas and Shell Release Biofuel Report

WC 457 words

PD 3 December 2013

SN Mena Report

SC MENREP

LA English

LP An Australian aviation biofuel industry is technically viable but significant obstacles remain, according to a report released by Qantas and Shell today.

It found that such a plant could be viable if three key priorities are addressed.

Feedstock. The volume of natural oil feedstocks available at a competitive price in Australia is not sufficient to power a commercial scale biofuel plant. This volume and price gap has potential to be filled by increased investment, research and development in production of emerging feedstocks such as algae and pongamia.

Infrastructure. While existing brownfield refining locations could be used for producing aviation biofuel, new infrastructure would be required, with associated capital costs.

Policy. Extending biodiesel production grants that currently apply to biodiesel to bio-jet fuel would go a long way to making a commercial plant viable.

Qantas Head of Environment, John Valastro, said the report gave a clear picture of the

It s well-established that certified biofuel can be used safely in commercial flights. Qantas focus now is on making it a viable alternative to conventional jet fuel. It won t be easy, but we are armed with a stronger and more detailed understanding than ever before of all aspects of the biofuel supply chain.

The next step for Qantas is to work closely with our partners to find ways of increasing the supply and reducing the cost of aviation biofuel feedstocks in Australia one of the major obstacles that need to be addressed.

Shell Australia s Vice President Downstream, Scott Wyatt, said Shell Australia was proud to be involved in the research.

While the establishment of an aviation biofuels industry might not appear viable in the short term, innovative research on supply chains will help inform future decisions, Mr Wyatt said.

PUB Al Bawaba.com, Inc.

AN Document MENREP0020140103e9c300llw

HD Česká hlava mezi pesticidy

BY Eva hníková

CR Ekonom

WC 766 words

PD 28 November 2013

SN Výběr zpráv z oblasti makroekonomiky z České republiky

SC MACR

PG 23

LA Czech

CY © NEWTON Media 2013

LP ROZHOVOR

Vědec Roman Pavela získal cenu za objev přírodního pesticidu.

TD vyvinul rostlinný přípravek, který chrání zemědělské plodiny před škůdci a chorobami. Za přírodní pesticidy získal letos Roman Pavela ocenění Česká hlava. „Cesta od objevu ke komerčnímu produktu trvala pět let. A popularita výrobku stoupá. První rok se prodalo 800 kilogramů účinné látky a letos je to už 11 tun,“ říká vědec.

* Zabýváte se pesticidy rostlinného původu. Jak hledáte byliny, které dokážou zahnat škůdce či choroby?

Jezdíme po světě a sbíráme je. Za poslední dva roky jsme takhle získali 350 až 380 druhů rostlin. Já osobně se soustředím na oblast Asie. Třeba si všimnu, že určitá rostlina není vůbec poškozená od chorob a hmyzu. To je signál, že může obsahovat nějakou zajímavou látku. Další možností je vytipovávání rostlin s pomocí staré literatury. Rostlinné pesticidy se totiž používaly už před třemi tisíci let ve starém Řecku nebo Římě, na našem území pak ještě za první republiky. Rozšířený byl například extrakt z tabáku, který můj dědeček nasazoval do boje proti mšicím. Vzorky rostliny extrahujeme a testujeme, jak získané přípravky působí proti různým chorobám a škůdcům. Kromě účinnosti je však potřeba zohlednit i cenovou dostupnost.

* Jak jste objevil rostlinu, která je základem přípravku oceněného Českou hlavou?

Věděli jsme, že především plody stromu Pongamia pinnata se v Indii používají proti různým onemocněním hlavně kožního charakteru. Dalo se tedy předpokládat, že budou účinkovat proti plísním. Navíc výluhy z této rostliny využívají také indičtí zemědělci k ochraně svých plodin. Původně indický strom se dnes pěstuje téměř po celém světě. Je vysazován, pro svoji nenáročnost a plodnost. Ze semen lze totiž získat relativně levný olej, který se využívá jako bionafta. A právě ze semen jsme vyvinuli náš přípravek.

* Jak dlouhá byla cesta ke komerčnímu produktu?

Cesta na trh zabrala zhruba pět let. Nestačilo jen získat extrakt s účinnou látkou. Bylo potřeba zajistit, aby byl přípravek dobře aplikovatelný. My jsme se rozhodli pro postřik, takže se účinná látka musela rozpouštět ve vodě. Od roku 2010 přípravek vyrábí firma Agro CS z České Skalice, která je největším producentem substrátů v České republice. A popularita výrobku stoupá. První rok se prodalo kolem 800 kilogramů účinné látky a letos je to už 11 tun.

* Chystá se firma s výrobkem expandovat do ciziny?

Zatím ho prodává hlavně v Česku. Chtěla by se s ním dostat na unijní trh, jenže na ekologické přípravky se nahlíží stejně jako na ty chemické. Je potřeba absolvovat několik let trvající toxikologické testy. Dochází k paradoxní situaci: čaj z kopřivy můžete klidně vypít, ale kdybyste ho chtěli použít jako takzvaný botanický pesticid, protože on funguje proti mšicím nebo povzbuzuje růst rostlin, potřebujete na to získat registraci, která vyjde na 250 milionů korun. To je podle mě špatně. V Evropské unii by měl vzniknout seznam tzv. bezpečných rostlin, u kterých už nebude potřeba dělat dodatečné testy.

* Máte výrobek patentovaný?

Chrání ho užitný vzor. Udělení patentu trvá minimálně tři roky. Navíc, vezměte si, že něco vyvinete, patentujete to a následně testujete výrobu ve velkém. Ale zjistíte, že je potřeba recepturu trochu upravit, děláte další testy... Nakonec dojdete k závěru, že je původní patentová formulace v praxi nepoužitelná. My jsme se proto vydali jinou cestou. Unikátní formulaci přípravku zná jen firma, a my jí věříme.

* Máte podíl na zisku?

Page 325 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Ano. Čím více toho firma prodává, tím lepší je to pro náš výzkumný ústav. Je to taková gentlemanská dohoda, což se nám zdálo rozumnější než prodat recepturu za jednorázovou cenu. Spolupracujeme s řadou firem na různých projektech, ale se společností Agro CS jsme si hned padli do oka. Oni se sice dlouho rozhodují, zda určitý preparát přemění na produkt. Když už se ale do něčeho zakousnou, jen tak to nepustí, což se o všech firmách říci nedá. Nesou řadu rizik, nezalekli se problémů s financováním nebo registrací produktu. Bez nich bychom náš produkt těžko dostali na trh. Díky spolupráci s touhle firmou se nám v Česku podařilo vytvořit zcela nové odvětví. Výroba botanických pesticidů dala práci lidem, což je asi to nejdůležitější, co má věda vytvářet.

***

Čaj z kopřivy můžete klidně vypít, když ho ale budete chtít použít jako přírodní pesticid, potřebujete na to získat registraci. Ta vyjde na 250 milionů korun.

Roman Pavela (43)

• Vystudoval Českou zemědělskou univerzitu v Praze, kde získal i doktorát. • Od roku 1995 pracuje ve Výzkumném ústavu rostlinné výroby v Praze-Ruzyni. • Přednáší a konzultuje diplomové práce na České zemědělské univerzitě a Mendelově univerzitě. • Specializuje se na výzkum biologicky aktivních látek získaných z rostlin.

Foto popis:

PUB Newton Media, a.s.

AN Document MACR000020131128e9bs00009

SE News

HD Food crops offer fuel for thought

BY Robb Kidd

WC 898 words

PD 23 November 2013

SN The Courier-Mail

SC COUMAI

ED CourierMail

PG 74

LA English

LP Airlines back biofuel research to keep flying in future, writes Robb Kidd ORANGES and lemons, algae, sugarcane and Pongamia seeds could all one day regularly power planes by providing the jet fuel of the future.

The aviation industry is partnering with Queensland researchers as the notion of aeroplanes powered by biofuels becomes reality.

TD Finding sustainable and renewable aviation fuels is not only more environmentally friendly, it also offers airlines a long-term alternative to dwindling and expensive conventional fuel supplies.

Australia’s largest airline, Qantas, spent $4.2 billion on fuel in the 2013 financial year and Virgin Australia $1.1 billion, more than 25 per cent of its total spending.

Both have taken steps to embrace the potential boom in biofuels, with the aviation industry planning to be carbon neutral by 2020.

Qantas operated Australia’s first commercial flight using sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in

Virgin has a target to source 5 per cent of its aircraft fuel from renewable sources by 2020 and earlier this year, in conjunction with Brisbane Airport Corporation and sustainable jet fuel developer SkyNRG, announced a feasibility study into creating the country’s first “bio-port” at Brisbane Airport.

The airline is also an industry partner in the Queensland Sustainable Aviation Fuel Initiative (QSAFI), hosted at the University of Queensland’s Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology.

The project, established in 2010, has attracted funding from heavy industry hitters including Boeing and General Electric, as well as the State Government. The ultimate goal is to enable construction and operation of a sustainable biofuel manufacturing facility in Queensland.

The $6.5 million first stage of the project involved evaluating sucrose from sugarcane, oil from the seeds of the pongamia tree and microalgae, as potential biofuels.

Subsequent AIBN research raised hopes a chemical found in citrus fruits – limonene – could also be used to produce clean, renewable jet fuels.

“We built quite detailed chemical engineering process models about what you’d really need a manufacturing facility to look like (for each option),” AIBN Systems and Synthetic Biology Group business manager Dr Robert Speight says.

“What equipment would you need and what are all the material costs … and in the end you come out with an approximate equivalent price for a barrel of oil for the jet fuel.” The technoeconomic analysis found the biofuel processes would be cost-competitive with a barrel of crude oil if a barrel cost $1,343 (microalgae), $374 (Pongamia seeds) and $301 (sugarcane). Brent Crude was $106 a barrel at the time of writing.

“It’s not surprising to anybody that sustainable aviation fuel comes out as more expensive than oil, because if it wasn’t then planes would all be flying on it right now,” Speight says.

“So clearly research and innovation is required to bring the cost down.” Instead, Speight says, the point of the project was to highlight which parts of each process were most expensive.

Professor Ben Hankamer, director of the Solar Biofuels Consortium at UQ’s Institute for Molecular Bioscience, oversees the process of turning microalgae, single-celled green algae,

A large proportion of the wet algae biomass, made up of protein, carbohydrates and oils, is put through a process of Hydrothermal liquefaction, similar to pressure cooking, to convert it into a biocrude.

“Most clean energy technologies produce electricity but over 80 per cent of world energy demand is for fuels, making the development of clean fuels one of the most urgent challenges facing our society. Microalgae offer one of the most promising ways to do this,” Hankamer says.

“ By 2050 we’ll be going from about 7 billion people to about 9.6 billion people according to the latest estimates. And our estimates are that we will require 70 per cent more food, 50 per cent more fuel and 50 per cent more water.” Hankamer says the techno-economic analysis by QSAFI was on older systems and too expensive, but the costs and efficiencies of algae systems had rapidly improved and were capable of being significantly cheaper .

“What we’re trying to do is maximise the efficiency of the process.” He also believes algae holds an advantage over other biofuel solutions as it can be cultivated on non-arable land.

“We’re already using all our arable land and we’re already short of water, so we need to develop technologies that can be produced on non-arable land and using saline water and wastewater streams,” Hankamer says.

Though researchers say it is impossible for the entire aviation industry to switch to biofuel overnight, there is excitement at the prospect of creating a new industry in the state. The biotechnology sector is already worth $2.2 billion, employing nearly 10,000 in Queensland.

“SkyNRG have got a weekly flight between Amsterdam and New York, which is running on a blend of biofuel and normal fuel,” Speight, currently working on a second QSAFI project to evaluate the business case for a biofuel production plant in Mackay, says.“ Australia has an opportunity to build an industry and produce exports if we get in there now or we may be buying that technology from elsewhere and miss out on a great opportunity.”

CO vrbair : Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd

AN Document COUMAI0020131122e9bn000b2

Page 330 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. HD MEDIA ALERT: AgFunder and TerViva Host Webinar on the U.S.'s First Crowdsourcing Platform for Ag and AgTech Investment Opportunities WC 401 words

PD 21 November 2013

ET 17:21 GMT

SN PR Newswire (U.S.)

SC PRN

LA English

LP Learn about TerViva Fund I, AgFunder's first investment opportunity and equity fund for the company that is developing sustainable crops intended for sub-prime agriculture land.

NEW YORK, Nov. 21, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --

TD WHO

AgFunder, the first online crowdfunding platform for ag and ag tech opportunities, and Naveen Sikka, Founder and CEO of TerViva, a company developing a new class of sustainable crops that can be grown on sub-prime agriculture land, will be hosting AgFunder's first webinar focused on AgFunder's Terviva Fund I.

WHAT

The webinar will be an informational and Q&A forum focused on TerViva's developments, team and AgFunder's Terviva Fund I. TerViva is developing a new class of sustainable crops that can be grown on sub-prime agriculture land with far fewer inputs than crops such as corn and soybeans. TerViva is commercializing its first crop, Pongamia, which is a plant that grows well in poor soil yet may be used as biofuel, fertilizer or animal feed. During the webinar, TerViva will provide a short presentation, recent updates, and details on the investment opportunity in AgFunder's TerViva Fund I. The fund is a crowdsourced equity fund contributed to by accredited investors registered with AgFunder.

WHEN

Monday, November 25. 12:30-1:30 (ET)

WHERE

The meeting will be hosted on GoToWebinar. Interested parties should register on http://agfunder.com/webinar/register/terviva-1, and will receive the webinar's call-in details via email.

WHY AND MORE INFORMATION

After featured in CNN Money, Venture Beat, BioDiesel Magazine, BioFuels Digest, and Seedstock, TerViva is hoping to raise money through AgFunder's Terviva Fund I. The webinar is intended to raise awareness of the fund opportunity, and there will be ample opportunity for questions about the fund and TerViva. For more information, visit: http://www.agfunder.com. For institutional investors seeking more information, please contact [email protected].

Video with caption: "AgFunder connects investors with Ag and Ag Tech investment opportunities." Video available at: http://origin- qps.onstreammedia.com/origin/multivu_archive/PRNA/ENR/FX-NY21886-20131121-1.mp4

Image with caption: "AgFunder". Image available at: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20131121/MM21886LOGO

CONTACT

Cori Capik, 305.495.5663, [email protected]

SOURCE AgFunder

Web site: http://www.agfunder.com

NS npress : Press Releases | ncat : Content Types

RE usa : United States | namz : North America

IPC NND

PUB PR Newswire Association, Inc.

HD Pedal this cycle to get oil worth the toil

WC 251 words

PD 12 November 2013

SN Deccan Herald

SC DECHER

LA English

LP Bangalore, Nov 11, 2013, DHNS:

How about a cycle that you can work out on and which doubles as an oil extractor. That is exactly what visitors got to see at the Krishi Mela.

TD It is, perhaps, as good as a workout cycle that one finds at a fitness equipment store.The pedal-operated oil expeller was a key attraction, especially for children, at the agriculture fair. Seeds of the neem tree, honge tree (pongamia pinnata), groundnuts and dry coconut pieces can be put in through the funnel. The input is then crushed and oil is extracted.

Nearly 15 per cent of the raw product that goes in as input comes out in the form of oil. While 55 per cent oil can be extracted using dry coconut, 40 per cent can be got by crushing groundnuts.

" Nearly, 1.5 kg of seeds can be crushed in an hour's time," Balakrishna Gowda, professor, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences of the University of Agriculture Sciences, explained. As one pedals, the oil comes out of a pipe in the front. The husk and other precipitates come out from the other side of the equipment. Balakrishna said that the cycle does not need power to run.

This cycle costs Rs 12,000 and the seeds de-cordigator, which helps remove the husk, is priced at Rs 1,500.

"The oil extracted will be very pure, if we use de-husked seeds," Balakrishna explained.

AN Document DECHER0020131111e9bc0006l

SE TAMIL NADU

HD Building green

BY ANUSHA PARTHASARATHY

WC 762 words

PD 9 November 2013

SN The Hindu

SC THINDU

LA English

LP TAMIL NADU The Coop Forest in Salem experiments with finding alternatives to plastic, steel and cement. Anusha Parthasarathy finds out more about this for-profit forest Piyush Manush was looking for a way to fight consumerism. In 2004, he found one. He began Coop Forest, through which he hopes to create a for-profit forest that will not just serve the eco-friendly businesses that thrive in it (and those who consume these natural products) but also help re- establish the importance of a forest to society.

Soon Manush and his friends were experimenting with green architecture and technology. He started a bamboo manufacturing unit recently, employing 20 people who help make bamboo furniture. “Bamboo is among the strongest and most versatile material available. And it can be used for anything,” says Piyush.

TD He has also come up with a host of eco-friendly building alternatives that can be grown commercially in the forest. “Areca sheath plates can replace thermocol and plastic, vermicompost can replace petrochemical-based fertilisers, bamboo is a wonderful replacement for steel and cement,” he explains. Coop Forest also has stoves designed to reduce 60 per cent of firewood consumption and emissions. “Our green buildings are built from soil, stone, bamboo pillars and mats. Agave plantations give us fibre and sweet sugar syrup, and act as a live fence. Use of matka ghat , a very efficient bio-pesticide made from buttermilk and crushed neem, pongamia, and clatoporis leaves replaces chemical toxic pesticides and the cost is less than Rs. 30 rupees a litre.” he says.

The team also handles weekly workshops for schools from Salem and nearby towns on eco- friendly and sustainable living. “We teach them to make bricks so that they see the labour behind it. We take classes on how waste can be very useful,” he adds.

It all started when Manush decided that academics wasn’t his forte. Neither was carrying on the family business. So from being a student activist while in college, he went on to become a green activist in the late 1990s. He planted trees, started producing areca plates and popularised them, got involved in vermicomposting, and realised that green businesses were sustainable. He then tried his hand at farming and bought half an acre of land outside his hometown, Salem. This quickly expanded into 150 acres, as more of Manush’s friends joined him. Now, a team of 40 runs Coop Forest.

“Farmers are migrating to cities in search of better opportunities. Dharmapuri is a migration- prone area because of its undulating landscape. So we thought that if we could build a forest here, it could work anywhere.” Over the years, the Coop Forest has turned into a home for bamboo (Piyush has planted 40,000 bamboo saplings) and guava, lemon, vilvam , neem, rosewood, pungam , custard apple, jack fruit, silk cotton, Singapore cherry, chiku , mango, and other varieties of plants and trees. “The area we chose was dry and arid. Here we planted about 25 species of trees, bamboo mostly, and tried using different soil alignment techniques,” says Piyush. He worked on methods like trenching and water-harvesting for water and soil conservation. Now he is also looking at developing aloe vera and mushrooms in the forest. “Aloe vera juice production costs us less than Rs. 20 per litre and has great potential. We have just planted 40,000 aloe vera saplings. We’re now starting to grow mushrooms using bamboo leaves as a medium. We’ve been quite successful so far,” he adds. In this way, Coop Forest continues to grow, not just in the number of trees it holds within its fold, but size-wise too, “Every year we try and add more acres to this property. We bought 20 acres last year and about six more this year.”

Through this model, Manush and his friends hope to inspire more people to cultivate forests that can regenerate the economy.

“Here, we will provide opportunities for those interested in starting green businesses. They will be given space and the finance to work on their idea. We do not seek a premium market to compete with our technology. All we are trying to do is replenish our forests and replace detrimental technology that affects humans as well as their environment. It is important because forests are our only solution and we cannot survive without them,” says this green warrior.

ANUSHA PARTHASARATHY

The stoves are designed to reduce 60 per cent of firewood consumption and emissions and buildings are built pf soil, stone and bamboo

NS glife : Living/Lifestyle | gcat : Political/General News

AN Document THINDU0020131109e9b90000e

WC 479 words

PD 7 November 2013

SN News Bites - United Kingdom

SC NBUKNB

LA English

LP NEWS BITES - UNITED KINGDOM

[News Story]

TD Legendary, the proactive investment company, is pleased to report that exciting progress has been made at its investee company, Bosques where the best strain of the generation two elite pongamia ("G2P") is flowering in less than two years and already exhibiting seed pods, and the recently developed high yielding generation four jatropha ("G4J") is yielding seeds in as early as six months and producing high yields.

In November last year, we reported that Bosques elite pongamia had flowered in two and a half years, where the norm for elite pongamia is four years or more. Legendary is now pleased to report that the best strain of the G2P scions which were successfully rooted in November 2011, have flowered in 23 months and are exhibiting seed pods (which at maturity contain seed). We believe that this is another first for Bosques. Bosques has 120 G2P of which some 30% have already flowered and are already exhibiting seed pods.

Bosques has also developed early and high yielding G4J. The G4J commences yielding seeds in as early as six months. In addition, it exhibits multiple branching leading to high yields. Under optimal conditions, G4J is projected to yield 6,000 plus kg of seeds per hectare in year five. Bosques has 4,000 G4J plants. Bosques jatropha, including G4J, unlike many jatropha, is edible. Cake from edible jatropha can be used as animal feed, further increasing the value of the G4J.

Reducing the time to seeds and increasing yield brings forward and increases cash flows.

While Bosques has developed elite plants and continues to refine them further, it is in

Zafar Karim, Executive Chairman, of Legendary said:

"We are pleased with the progress being made at Bosques. The strategy of focussing on research and innovation is paying off. Each generation of plant has been superior to the previous with both time to yield and yield improving. The next step is to plant on a larger scale."

Source: London Stock Exchange

Recent Trading

Legendary Investments (LEG.L) MCap is GBP1.3 million (US$2 million) at the last price of 0.08 GBX. The value of GBX1,000 invested one year ago is GBX654 [vs GBP1,148 for the FTSE 100 Index], for a capital loss of GBX346. The total return to shareholders for 1 year is - 34.6%.

Currency Conversion: Pence Sterling GBX1= US$0.0161 [or US$1= GBX62.11]; Against the US$ the GBX advanced (or 1.3%) for the day; was unchanged for the week; rose 0.6% for the month; dipped 0.6% in the past year. Great Britain Pound [GBP] 1 = GBX100.

ISIN: GB0001514032

L:LEG; LON:LEG; LN:LEG;

Source: www.BuySellSignals.com

CO lgendi : Legendary Investments PLC

IN ifinal : Financial Services | iinv : Investing/Securities

WC 532 words

PD 6 November 2013

ET 07:00 GMT

SN Regulatory News Service

SC RNS

LA English

LP TIDMLEG

RNS Number : 2898S

TD Legendary Investments PLC

06 November 2013

6 November 2013

Legendary Investments Plc ("Legendary")

Investee Company Update - Bosques Energeticos EBE S.A. de C.V. ("Bosques")

Early and high yielding plants developed

Legendary, the proactive investment company, is pleased to report that exciting progress has been made at its investee company, Bosques where the best strain of the generation two elite pongamia ("G2P") is flowering in less than two years and already exhibiting seed pods, and the recently developed high yielding generation four jatropha ("G4J") is yielding seeds in as early as six months and producing high yields.

Page 342 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. contain seed). We believe that this is another first for Bosques. Bosques has 120 G2P of which some 30% have already flowered and are already exhibiting seed pods.

Reducing the time to seeds and increasing yield brings forward and increases cash flows.

While Bosques has developed elite plants and continues to refine them further, it is in discussions to obtain access to around 1,500 hectares of land suitable for growing its plants on a larger scale.

Zafar Karim, Executive Chairman, of Legendary said:

For further information, please contact:

Legendary InvestmentsZafar Karim / Thomas Plc Reuner 020 8201 3536 Colin Aaronson/ Melanie Grant Thornton UK LLP Frean / Jen Clarke 020 7383 5100 Nick Emerson/ Andrew SI Capital Thacker 01483 413500 Newgate Threadneedle Caroline Evans-Jones 020 7653 9850

About Legendary Investments Plc

Legendary is a proactive investment company that focuses on making investments in and assisting companies which exhibit the potential to generate returns of many multiples through capital appreciation. Typically, Legendary invests in small companies where there are clear catalysts for value appreciation and the companies are operating in sectors exhibiting long term growth. Examples of such sectors include technology, energy, natural resources and mining. Legendary is incorporated in the UK, which is its principal country of operation.

This information is provided by RNS

The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

END

MSCDELFBXFFZFBX [ 06-11-13 0700GMT ]

CO lgendi : Legendary Investments PLC

IN ifinal : Financial Services | iinv : Investing/Securities

PUB The London Stock Exchange

AN Document RNS0000020131106e9b600014

WC 118 words

PD 1 November 2013

SN Household & Personal Products Industry

SC HPPI

PG 86

VOL ISSN: 0090-8878; Volume 50; Issue 11

LA English

LP * Natural Sourcing rolled out karanja oil [INCI: pongamia glabra (karanja) seed oil] within its growing line of specialty oils for use in innovative personal care product formulations. Native to India, karanja oil is pressed from the seeds of the Pongam tree. The Pongam is a fragrant, flowering tree that is considered a cousin to neem.

According to the company, this oil offers an array of similar therapeutic benefits to that of its pungent relative while having a milder, pleasant aroma that is much more versatile for use in cosmeceutical applications. It is ideal for aging skin, lip care, pet care or even insect repellents.

TD More info: www.naturalsourcing.com

IN i258 : Cosmetics/Toiletries | icnp : Consumer Goods | ipcare : Personal Care Products/Appliances NS ccat : Corporate/Industrial News

RE usa : United States | namz : North America

AN Document HPPI000020131122e9b10001y

WC 395 words

PD 31 October 2013

SN Agriculture Week

SC AGRWEK

PG 269

LA English

LP 2013 OCT 31 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- Investigators publish new report on Ethanol. According to news originating from Maharashtra, India, by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "Agricultural biomass is the world's largest, most sustainable, and most promising renewable energy source. This study investigated the potential of Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oilseed residual waste (defatted kernel, hull, and their mixture) as a source of ethanol."

TD Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the University of Pune, "The pretreatment of the finely ground samples was carried out using dilute sulfuric acid (0.5%) hydrolysis at a higher temperature of 121 degrees C and 15 psi pressure for 90 min. The pretreatment usually removes the lignin and facilitates the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses. They were further hydrolyzed using 5% H2SO4 at 50 degrees C for 70 h. The analyses of hydrolyzed products have shown the presence of 66.06-67.12 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars, 0.41-0.47 mg g(-1) of glucose, and 0.36-0.45 mg g(-1) of xylose, from which the rate of hydrolysis and conversion percentage of cellulose to glucose (44.44%-55.16%) and hemicelluloses to xylose (53.76%-67.17%) was obtained. The hydrolyzed product of complex polysaccharide was further converted into ethanol by fermentation at 32 degrees C on an orbital shaker using commercial yeast."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The results showed ethanol yield of about 10.3%, 8.3%, and 3.3%, respectively in fermentation broths of kernel, mixture, and hull samples, thus indicating Karanja oilseed wastes as potential sources for ethanol production."

For more information on this research see: Sustainable approach to produce bioethanol from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oilseed residue. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2013;37(6):781-788. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry can be contacted at: Tubitak

The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from P. Doshi, Univ Pune, Dept. of Chem, Div Biochem, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Alcohols, Maharashtra, Ethanolamines

IN ialtful : Alternative Fuels | i1 : Energy

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document AGRWEK0020131025e9av00080

PD 29 October 2013

SN Journal of India

SC JOUIND

PG 53

LA English

LP 2013 OCT 29 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Journal of India -- A patent by the inventors Singh, Arun Kumar (Uttarakhand, IN); Chamoli, Aruna (Uttarakhand, IN), filed on March 5, 2009, was published online on October 15, 2013, according to news reporting originating from Alexandria, Virginia, by VerticalNews correspondents.

Patent number 8557754 is assigned to Counsel of Scientific & Industrial Research (New Delhi, IN).

TD The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: "It is not possible to prevent lubricant losses to the environment. Ecological balance is of great concern or survival of living beings. Industrial experts estimate that 70% to 80% of lube oil leaves the system through leaks, spills, line breakage and fitting failure. No doubt, petroleum based lubricants increase the capacity and speed of industry and other machines. It however, leads to increase the toxicity of the environment. It is affecting living organisms including plants, animals and marine life for many years. The petroleum based lubricating oils are hydrocarbons consisting of naphthenes, paraffins, aromatics, polynuclear aromatics and unsaturates. Petroleum based lube-oils, generally suffer from many disadvantages such as high toxicity to the environment, poor biodegradability and inconsistent characteristics with change in crude oil composition. The other types of lubricants known as synthetic lubricants are designed for use in extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, radiation or chemical and have excellent lubricity and thermal stability. The synthetic lubricants are relatively costly, may also be toxic to environment.

"Gears transmitted rotary motion. Modern metallurgy has greatly increased the useful life of industrial and automotive gears. Gear oils are used to protect the gears and reduce the

Page 349 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. friction. Gear oils are classified by the American Petroleum Institute using GL ratings, e.g. GL4 or GL5 oil. API viscosity ratings for latest gear oils are 75W90; or 10W40 or multigrade. Great efforts have been made during the last 25 years by several countries and major industries to develop and find more and more environment friendly--nontoxic products and technologies which have a less negative impact on environment. So, the past development of gear oils may be summarized as: The use of stable mineral base oil for required performance. The use of paraffinic mineral base oil to reduce toxicity. Use of synthetic base oil such as silicone oil, sulfurized oil, polymers, polybutenes, dibasic acid esters, fluoropolymers, polyol esters, phosphate esters, poly-alpha olefins, etc. to reduce toxicity and enhance lubricant life. Fully synthetic gear oils have a greater resistance to shear breakdown than mineral oils but they are not economical. Development of more efficient gear oil additives for better performance. Use of biodegradable polyol--fatty acid--esters and mineral oil/synthetic oil blend to increase eco-friendliness.

"So, fully biodegradable gear oil from renewable source (vegetable oil) is not developed. In the eco-sensitive area application of biodegradable lube oil is required. Till now most of eco- friendly type gear oils are either biodegradable/non-toxic with poor performance or they have good performance but lack the desired eco-friendliness. Thus, there is a need for a gear oil composition that has both high performances and complete biodegradability.

"Certain types of mono-esters from non-edible vegetable oils are useful to reduce pollution, completely biodegradable; these are compatible to mineral oil, and capable of providing the desirable lubricant properties such as good boundary lubrication, high viscosity index, high flash point and low volatility but show poor oxidation stability. Low thermo-oxidative stability of vegetable oils can be improved by suitable chemical modification and additives. Converting vegetable oils (tri-ester) into mono-ester to gain stability is well known chemical modification. The stability can be further improved by partial hydrogenation, epoxidization or alkylation with aromatics.

"Vegetable oil that is long chain fatty acid triester of glycerol possesses most of the desirable lubricant properties such as high viscosity index, high flash point, low volatility and good boundary lubrication. As per fatty acid typical composition of vegetable oils, it contains unsaturated acids such as oleic C 18:1 as a major component. It is understood that some of the carbon chain lengths of the carboxylic acids and/or esters discussed here by average carbon numbers. This reflects the fact that some of the carboxylic acids and/or esters are derived from naturally occurring materials and therefore contain a mixture of compounds the major component of which is the stated compound. Non-edible vegetable oil, which are found in abundance in India are, (1) Neem--Mellia Azadirachta in the family Meliaceae, (2) Karanja-- Pongamia glabra in the family Leguminaceae, (3) Ricebran--Oryza sativa in the family Graminaceae, (4) Mahua--Madhuca Indica & Madhuca Longifolia, (5) Castor--Ricinus

Page 350 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. communis in the family Euphorbiaceae (spurge), (6) Linseed--Flax oil plant Linium usitatissimum (Linacae), (7) Other similar vegetable oil or their mixture.

"Extensive works were done in the field of development of biodegradable lube base stock and load bearing additive at Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR). Several patent applications were filed. The present work is in the continuation of 'Biodegradable Lubricants' speciality product from non-edible vegetable oils'. Patent applications are: A process for the preparation of Phospho sulfurized derivatives or hydrogenated cardanol useful as antiwear, antifriction extreme pressure additives; O. N. Anand, et. al. IPA (Indian Patent Application) 2522/DEL/98 Dated 28 Aug. 1998, now Indian Patent No. 215707. Assignee--IIP/CSIR A formulation useful as an extreme pressure antiwear & antifriction additive for industrial gear oils; O. N. Anand, et. al. IPA 2521/DEL/98 Dated 26 Aug. 1998, now Indian Patent No. 215826. Assignee--IIP/CSIR A Process for the Prep. of ecofriendly Lubricants from vegetable oils, O N Anand, et. al; IPA 363/DEL/2004; 5 Mar. 2004, pending; Assignee--IIP/CSIR Biodegradable lube for two stroke Gasoline Engine--A. K. Singh, et. al.,--IPA 779/DEL/2006, pending. Assignee--IIP/CSIR Biodegradable hydraulic fluid--A. K. Singh, et. al. IPA 785/DEL/2006, pending. Assignee-- IIP/CSIR

"A method for preparing the highly stable mono ester from vegetable oil was developed during the above works. Typical method is: the vegetable oil was dissolved in solvent and kept at low temperature. Filtered to remove gummy material and solvent was distilled off to get de- gummed oil. This oil is partially hydrogenated in a high pressure reactor having hydrogen and Raney Nickel as catalyst until low Iodine value was obtained. Then, primary alcohol C7-C12, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and catalyst were added in a reactor for esterification. The reaction mixture was refluxed. The catalyst and glycerol were removed. Excess alcohol was removed by distillation under vacuum. Partially hydrogenated mono-ester is treated with per acid. Per acid is added drop wise to ester between 20-30.degree. C. The addition is completed in 10-20 hours. The product is extracted by ether and washed repeatedly with water to remove acid and ether was distilled-off. The remaining ester is washed with hot water to pH 5-7. Partially hydrogenated epoxidized mono-ester was alkylated with alkyl aromatics under Friedel Kraft's reaction conditions. References may be made to: O N Anand & M Pal, IIP Report, `Development of Ecofriendly Biodegradable Lubricants/Base stock`, August, 2002. H. Wagner, R. Luther & T. Mang, Lubricant base fluids based on renewable raw materials: their catalytic manufacture and modification, Applied Catalysis A::General 221(2001)429-442. S. Z. Erhan & S. Asadauskas, Lubricant base stock from vegetable oils, Ind. Crops and products, 11 (2000)277-282. U. Schuchardt, R. Sercheli & R. M. Vargas, Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., vol 9, no 1, 199-210, 1998.

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,872,693 dated Mar. 29, 2005 by Cain, Assignee; The Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe, Ohio)--Mineral gear oils and transmission fluids. This

Page 351 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. invention relates to mineral oil based gear oils and transmission fluids which comprise a major amount of a mineral oil having an iodine number of less than 9 and where at least 55% of the saturates are aliphatic, and gear oil or transmission fluid additives. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a gear oil or transmission fluid composition comprising a major amount of lubricant basestock and at least one functional additive wherein a major amount of the lubricant basestock comprises a mineral oil having an iodine number of less than 9 and comprising at least 45% by weight of aliphatic saturates. These gear oils and transmission fluids have good viscosity and oxidation properties (Here, mineral oil are used non- biodegradable and non-renewable).

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,082,680 Dated Apr. 4, 1978 by Mitacek; Bill, assignee Phillips Petroleum Company (Bartlesville, Okla.)--Gear oil Composition. Shear- stable, high viscosity index gear oil formulations are formed by the inclusion into such formulations of a small amount of a hydrogenated butadiene-styrene copolymer having a butadiene content of 30 to 44 weight percent and a weight average molecular weight in the range of about 12,000 to about 20,000. (Here, blend of mineral oil and polybutadine are used, non-biodegradable and non-renewable).

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,164,475 dated August 14, 19 by Schieman; Richard D, assignee: The Standard Oil Company (Cleveland, Ohio)--Multi-grade 80W-140 gear oil. A multi-grade 80W-140 gear oil is described which is composed of certain mineral-oil stocks, a wear additive, a V.I. improver, a dispersant polymer and optionally a seal-swell agent 1. In a multi-grade gear oil composition comprising a major proportion of mineral lubricating oil, 5-6 volume percent sulfur- and phosphorous-containing wear additive, 16.6- 18.6 volume percent V.I. improver, and 0-2.7 volume percent seal-swell agent, the improvement comprising using as the oil a petroleum-oil stock composed of 20-23 volume percent of a 5.0 centistokes at 210.degree. F. oil, 24-25 volume percent 14.0 centistokes at 210.degree. F. oil, and 26-30 volume percent 25.0 centistokes at 210.degree. F. oil, and from 0.1 to 1.5 volume percent of a dispersant polymer which is an alkyl methacrylate copolymer which has been grafted with a dialkyl amino methacrylate monomer. (Here, mineral oil is used, non-biodegradable and non-renewable).

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,650 dated Oct. 25, 1994 Srinivasan; Sanjay and Hartley; Rolfe J. Assignee: Ethyl Corporation (Richmond, Va.) Gear oil compositions. A 'cold-clash' gear problem associated with vehicular manual transmissions exposed to the cold is overcome by use of a special all-synthetic gear oil composition. The composition is composed of base oil and specified additive components. The base oil is a blend of di-(2- ethylhexyl)sebacate and three hydrogenated poly-.alpha.-olefin oligomers having kinematic viscosities at 100.degree. C. of about 40, about 8 cst and about 2 cst in specified proportions. The additive components comprise an organic sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme

Page 352 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. pressure agent, an organic phosphorus-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent, a copper corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a foam inhibitor, and an ashless dispersant. The gear oil has a boron content of about 0.0025 to about 0.07 wt %. (Here, blend of sebacate and PAO synthetic oil are used, less-biodegradable, a portion is non-renewable, higher cost).

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,445 dated Nov. 5, 1996; by Srinivasan, et al. Assignee: Ethyl Corporation (Richmond, Va.)--Gear oil compositions, A 'cold-clash' gear problem associated with vehicular manual transmissions exposed to the cold is overcome by use of a special all-synthetic gear oil composition. The composition is composed of base oil and specified additive components. The base oil is a blend of dialkyl ester of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having a maximum pour point of about -55.degree. C. and a maximum kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of about 4 cst, and three hydrogenated poly-.alpha.- olefin oligomers having kinematic viscosities at 100.degree. C. of about 40, about 4-8 cst and about 2 cst in specified proportions. The additive components comprise an organic sulfur- containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent, an organic phosphorus-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent, a copper corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a foam inhibitor, and an ashless dispersant. The gear oil has a boron content of about 0.0025 to about 0.07 wt % (here blend of dialkyl ester and PAO base stocks were used, less- biodegradable, a portion is non-renewable, higher cost.)

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,994 dated Nov. 15, 1994 by Scharf; Curtis R, Assignee: The Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe, Ohio)--Lubricating compositions containing .alpha.-olefin polymers. The invention deals with viscosity improvers which are .alpha.-olefin polymers and are particularly useful in lubricating compositions comprising (A) a liquid .alpha.- olefin polymer having a number average molecular weight from about 2,000 to about 100,000 and having derived from .alpha.-olefins having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, provided further that (A) has a bimodal molecular weight distribution having (i) a peak molecular weight maximum at 2,000 to 5,000 for a lower molecular weight component and (ii) a peak molecular weight maximum at 50,000 to 75,000 for a higher molecular weight component; (B) an oil of lubricating viscosity land (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of a friction modifier, a sulfurized olefin, an ash-producing detergent and, an ashless dispersant. (Here, synthetic oil is used, less-biodegradable, higher cost and a portion is non-renewable).

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,470 dated Aug. 24, 1999 by Norman, et al. Assignee: Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. (Richmond, Va.)--Lubricant compositions. Gear oils and gear oil additive concentrates of enhanced positraction performance are described. They comprise: (i) at least one oil-soluble sulfur-containing extreme pressure or antiwear agent; (ii) at least one oil-soluble amine salt of a partial ester of an acid of phosphorus; and (iii) at least one oil-soluble succinimide where R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average of 8

Page 353 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. to 50 carbon atoms, and each of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average of up to about 4 carbon atoms. These compositions preferably contain one, more preferably two, and most preferably all three of the following additional components: (iv) at least one amine salt of a carboxylic acid; (v) at least one nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant; and (vi) at least one trihydrocarbyl ester of a pentavalent acid of phosphorus (Here, synthetic oil are used less-biodegradable, higher cost and a portion is non-renewable).

"Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,649,574 dated Nov. 18, 2003 by Cardis, et al. Assignee: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company (Annandale, N.J.)-- Biodegradable non-toxic gear oil A biodegradable lubricating oil composition especially useful as a gear oil employs a synthetic alcohol ester base-stock formed from mono- and dipentaerythritol with certain mono- and dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and an effective amount of a polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifying agent, a combination of alkylated organic acid and ashless succinimide rust inhibitors and an ashless dithiocarbamate antiwear and extreme pressure agent (Here, synthetic oil are used having higher cost).

"In the prior art for producing gear oils, generally, mineral oils or blend of mineral oil with synthetic fluids or complex ester of fatty acids were used. The focus has been on the use of such simple mono-ester of non-edible vegetable oil for gear oil, which enhances the performance and biodegradability.

"In view of the growing concern about the environment, there is a need for biodegradable gear oils, which are derived from renewable resources, reduce pollution, readily miscible with mineral oil and synthetics. These objectives must be met, while (simultaneously satisfying stringent performance standards."

In addition to the background information obtained for this patent, VerticalNews journalists also obtained the inventors' summary information for this patent: "Accordingly the present invention provides a composition of biodegradable gear oil comprising i. base oil stock containing mono-ester of non-edible vegetable oil or mixture thereof, in the range of 95.5- 99.5% by weight, ii. additive pack in the range of 0.5-4.5% by weight, and the said additive is comprising of: a. at least one anti-oxidant from phenol, amines, gallate, tetrazole, anisole type of compound, in the range of 6.5-12.0% by weight, b. at least one extreme pressure additive selected from the group consisting of sulfide, selenide, phosphosulfide, phosphoselenide in the range of 68.0-23.5% by weight, c. at least one pour point dispersant cum anti-foaming agent selected from the group consisting of polymeric long chain acrylate, alcohol, ester, ether, adipate type compounds in the range of 2.0-46.5% by weight, d. at least one corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazole, gallate, polyols, amines, phenols and sulfonates in the range of 11.0-7.0% by weight and e. at least one detergent-dispersant

"In an embodiment of the present invention the composition of biodegradable gear oil has following characteristics: I. Kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. is in the range of 50-82 cst, II. Viscosity index is between 200-270, III. Oxidation stability is Pass (IP 48/97) (max 1% increase; in viscosity & TAN). IV. Rotary bomb oxidation test at 95.degree. C. is between 150- 200 min. V. Flash point is between 210-240.degree. C., VI. Pour point is between (-)9 to (- )25.degree. C., VII. Ash sulfated % is <0.05, VIII. Copper Strip corrosion test--1 A, IX. Foam test ASTM D130--Pass, X. Emulsion test--less than 40-39-1(20) XI. Lubricity--Friction coefficient--0.105-0.115, XII. Lubricity--wear scar diameter (mm)--0.303-0.305 XIII. Panel cocking test (deposit, 20 mg max)--Pass XIV. Biodegradability is between 90-100%.

"In yet another embodiment the mono-ester of non edible vegetable oil fatty acid used is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated fatty acid, C-8 alcohol ester, epoxy ester, aryl alkyl ester and a mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the mono-ester of non edible vegetable oil used is selected from the group consisting of toluene derivative of epoxy ester of neem oil fatty acid, xylene alkylated epoxy ester of rice bran oil, toluene ester of mahua oil, toluene ester of rice bran oil, cumene or tetralin ester of non edible vegetable oil and a mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the mono-ester of non edible vegetable oil used are obtained from C6 to C16, preferably C7 to C10 primary alcohol and fatty acids of at least one of the non-edible vegetable oil triglyceride fatty acid such as C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, selected from the group consisting of karanja (Pongamia Glabra) oil, neem (Mellia Azadirachta) oil, ricebran (Oryza Sativa) oil, mahua (Madhuca Indica) oil, castor (Ricinus Communis) oil, acetylated castor, linseed (Flax-Linium Usitatissimum) oils and mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the mono-ester of non edible vegetable oil base stock has viscosity, cst, ranging between 50-82, at 40.degree. C.

"In yet another embodiment the anti-oxidant used is selected from the group consisting of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, dinaphthyl amines, 4-methyl-2,6-di-(t-butyl) phenol, propyl gallate, alkylated 5-amino tetrazole, di-ter. Butyl p-amino phenol, .alpha.-tocopherol, butylated hydroxy anisole and a mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the extreme pressure additive used is selected from the group consisting of sulfurized neem oil, sulfurized mahua oil, dibenzyl disulphide, suphurized

Page 355 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. hydrogenated cardanol, thiophosphoro lauryl oleate, molybdenum salt of thiophosphoro lauryl oleate, zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate, dibenzyl diselenate, selenophosphoro lauryl oleate, selenophosphoro hydrogenated cardanol, molybdenum thiophosphoro hydrogenated cardanol and a mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the anti-foaming agent cum pour point depressants used is selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethers, diethylhexyl adipate, polymethacrylate, polyvinylacrylate and mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the anti-corrosion additive used is selected from the group consisting of octyl 1H benzotriazole, ditertiary butylated 1H-Benzotriazole, propyl gallate, polyoxyalkylene polyols, octadecyl amines, nonyl phenol ethoxylates, calcium phenolates of hydrogenated cardanol, magnesium alkyl benzene sulfonates and a mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the detergent-dispersant used is selected from the group consisting of amino alkyl benzene sulfonate, calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, propylene tetramer succinimide of pentaethylene hexamine, octyl phosphorates and mixture thereof.

"In yet another embodiment the composition of biodegradable gear oil is useful for GL 4 grade, general purpose automotive and industrial gear oil.

"The compositions of the present invention are significantly biodegradable, exhibit excellent miscibility with mineral and synthetic oil in all proportions. The main advantages of the present invention are following; reduces use of petroleum, beneficial to farmers, and safer to handle due to higher flash point of 200-240.degree. C. The present lubricant would be particularly suited for GL 4 grade, general purpose automotive and industrial gear oil."

URL and more information on this patent, see: Singh, Arun Kumar; Chamoli, Aruna. Composition of Biodegradable Gear Oil. U.S. Patent Number 8557754, filed March 5, 2009, and published online on October 15, 2013. Patent URL: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph- Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=78&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch- bool.html&r=3891&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=20131015.PD.&OS=ISD/20131015&R S=ISD/20131015

Keywords for this news article include: India, Amines, Esters, Iodine, Sulfur, Phenols, Toluene, Halogens, Chalcogens, Detergents, Lubricants, Petrolatum, Phosphorus, Automobiles, Mineral Oil, Succinimides, Transportation, Carboxylic Acids, Organic Chemicals, Benzene Derivatives, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Surface-Active Agents.

AN Document JOUIND0020131025e9at0001g

HD India : Comparative studies on seedling and clonal plants of Pongamia pinnata

WC 52 words

PD 24 October 2013

SN Mena Report

SC MENREP

LA English

LP Project code : 01.23

Project Duration : 2007-2015

TD Project Status : Ongoing

Project Phase: Execution

Project Location : India

Project Description :Comparative studies on seedling and clonal plants of Pongamia pinnata with special reference to their adaptability to rainfed dry agroclimate.

country :India

AN Document MENREP0020131024e9ao00293

SE Times Region

HD Fodder trees to replace thorny weed in Srivilliputhur sanctuary

BY J Arockiaraj TNN

WC 392 words

PD 23 October 2013

SN The Times of India - Chennai Edition

SC TOICHE

LA English

LP Virudhunagar: With ample rain inside Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, the forest department here has commenced a drive to raise fodder trees.

The planting initiative is concentrated in a 20-hectare area where the forest officials had uprooted the invasive weed Lantana camara.

TD The thorny weed cannot be consumed by the herbivores in the sanctuary.

Besides, it deprives animals of fodder by destroying native plants which are natural fodder, thereby forcing them to migrate.

Last year the state government had sanctioned funds to root out Lantana camara.

The sanctuary managed to remove the shrub from 20 hectares inside the sanctuary limits, a wildlife official said.

The tree species to be planted during the fodder development drive are 'thani' (Terminalia bellirica ), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus ),'koonthalpanai' (Caryota urens),'vilvam' (Aegle marmelos),'vilamaram' (Feronia elephantum) and bamboo trees.

Elephants like 'vilamaram', jackfruit and bamboo species, while the grizzled squirrels prefer

The saplings will be planted in Rajapalayam, Srivilliputhur, Watrap and Saptur ranges of the sanctuary.

As many as 200 saplings will be planted per hectare.

The marked area includes some of the high peaks (1,200 metres) in the sanctuary falling within the Rajapalayam range.

The forest staff will carry the saplings to the remote terrains and finish planting them before monsoon intensifies."We received good rains in the sanctuary limits in the last few days.

With monsoon ahead, the chances for saplings' survival are higher," a senior wildlife official said.

The sanctuary has also received funds to remove lantana from another 20 hectares and the work will start shortly, the official said.

While tree planting is currently on in the sanctuary, the Chief Minister's Massive Tree Planting drive will be carried out in the non-forest areas.

Two lakh saplings will be planted this season, said A Venkatesh, conservator of forest for Virudhunagar circle.

The tree species selected for non-forest areas are neem, pungam (Pongamia pinnata), vagai (Indian walnut) and neermarudhu (Terminalia arjuna).

"The planting drive will be undertaken both in the sanctuary and the non-forest areas of Virudhunagar district.

In the non-forest areas, mainly community lands, we will plant the native tree varieties.

We have been identifying the places where it is possible for public to nurture the planted saplings," he said.

AN Document TOICHE0020131025e9an00030

WC 28,493 words

PD 23 October 2013

SN ASX ComNews (Text version of ASX Company Announcements)

SC ASXTEX

LA English

LP To Company Announcements Office Facsimile 1300 135 638 Company ASX Limited Date 23 October 2013 From Helen Hardy Pages 53 Subject ORIGIN ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2013

In accordance with Listing Rule 3.17, please find attached the 2013 Sustainability Report which is being sent to Origin Energy shareholders who have elected to receive it. Regards Helen Hardy Company Secretary 02 8345 5023 – [email protected] Origin Energy Limited ACN 000 051 696 • Level 45 Australia Square, 264-278 George Street, Sydney NSW 2000 GPO Box 5376, Sydney NSW 2001 • Telephone (02) 8345 5000 • Facsimile (02) 9252 1566 • www.originenergy.com.au EVERY DAY Sustainability Report 2013

TD 10:38Pm A late night snack kept cold while Origin powers through the night.

Strategy Performance Growth

Care Listen Learn Respect Create

Share 07:01am We ensure the power is there when millions of kettles are switched on every morning.

04 Our performance 05 Managing Director’s message 06 Global trends 08 Our strategy 10 Where we operate 11 Engaging with stakeholders 12 Our approach to materiality 14 Energy developments 16 Delivering energy 29 Future energy solutions 36 Managing our business 38 Value distribution 44 Origin Foundation 45 Ratings & benchmarks 47 Glossary 48

Origin Energy Limited ABN 30 000 051 696 Scope of report Origin has been reporting on our sustainability performance since 2001. This is a concise version of our 2013 Sustainability Report. Origin’s online Sustainability Report expands on our performance, measured against both our Material Aspects and taking guidance from international frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative’s G4 Guidelines. It can be viewed at reports.originenergy.com.au Discover Unless otherwise stated, this document reports on performance more online of the activities and assets operated by Origin for the 12 months to 30 June 2013. This includes Australia Pacific LNG in which Origin has a 37.5 per cent shareholding and is Upstream operator. All monetary amounts are in Australian dollars. Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 01 Our year 2013 ﬁnancial year at a glance

20 July 23 August 14 November Approval provided for Australia The carrying value of our interests Origin responds to review of Pacific LNG’s $200 million Social in Transform Solar and geothermal Renewable Energy Target, raising

Page 363 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Impact Management Plan to joint ventures with Geodynamics concerns about how the policy is maximise benefits and mitigate fully impaired as activities did not working in practice and its cost to impacts on local communities. meet expectations for timely and consumers and businesses.

commercial development of 30 July these technologies. 16 November Landowners sign up to Working New Independent Non-executive Together pilot program, allowing 27 August Director Bruce Morgan appointed them to gain training and be paid Origin launches first mass-market to the Origin Board. to undertake basic infrastructure energy management solution in maintenance on their properties Australia, Origin Energy Manager, 4 December as part of the Australia Pacific enabling customers to view energy CSIRO and partners announce they LNG project. usage and predict bills. will research Australian CSG fugitive

emissions to establish scientific 23 August 21 September monitoring and measurement. Origin reports 2012 financial year We publicly disclose three voluntary results, including Statutory Profit of targets to improve gender diversity in 7 December $980 million and Underlying Profit our workforce in our Annual Report. Australia Pacific LNG partners with of $893 million. rugby league legend Darren Lockyer 22 October and launches the ‘Every Day is Game

Origin launches 11 Life Saving Rules, Day’ campaign to promote safety.

which aim to protect and prevent

harm to our people. 21 December

The Queensland Government

releases its CSG water policy

preferring the industry to reuse

water for beneficial use.

02 Our year at a glance

09:40pm 22 January 21 February 1 May Origin, powering your The Condamine River first phase Origin announces a program to lower Origin seeks to better engage household continuously gas seeps investigation report is our cost base, including reducing and inform consumers about through day and night. released by the Queensland employee numbers by 850 by the energy with the launch of Energy Government confirming no risk end of the 2013 calendar year. Explorer and the Knowledge is to health or environment. Power campaign. 21 March 1 February Australia Pacific LNG and Horizon 14 June Deregulation of electricity and gas Housing open the first affordable The real-time, hand-held Origin prices takes effect in South Australia. housing development in Miles, Energy Monitor is released allowing Queensland. customers to view both energy 21 February usage and costs in seconds. Australia Pacific LNG schedule and 15 April cost review concludes a 7 per cent Origin participates in National 17 June increase in costs and Train 1 on track Energy Affordability Roundtable The first LNG storage tank roof to deliver first LNG by mid 2015. which delivers a report to energy is raised by Australia Pacific LNG ministers nationally. on Curtis Island.

21 February Origin reports interim results, including Statutory Profit of $524 million and Underlying Profit of $362 million.

Our challenge is to deliver reliable, affordable and cleaner energy

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 03 Our Our Purpose Compass We aspire always to lead. We deliver today’s energy needs; and we search and innovate to create tomorrow’s energy solutions.

Page 365 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. We honour our principles and values, and they are evident in all we do. We live our commitments to our shareholders, to our customers, to our people, to our communities and to our business partners. Our Principles Our Values Our Commitments Origin’s Principles provide guidance Origin’s Values describe good Origin’s Commitments define the for making the right decisions: behaviour: outcomes that we strive to achieve • We conduct ourselves and our • Caring: We care about our impact for key stakeholders. business with due care and in on customers, colleagues, We commit to: accordance with relevant laws and the community, environment • Deliver market-leading regulations. We have an overriding and shareholders. performance for shareholders duty to ensure the health and • Listening: We listen to the needs by identifying, developing, safety of our employees, and to of others, knowing that an operating and growing minimise the health, safety and unfulfilled need creates the value-creating businesses. environmental impacts on our best opportunities. • Create value for our customers, customers and the communities • Learning: We constantly learn and by understanding their needs in which we operate. implement new and better ways, and delivering relevant and • We will add value to the resources sharing information and ideas competitive energy solutions that come under our control. effectively. to meet those needs both today • The value we create will be • Delivering: We deliver on the and into the future. distributed to stakeholders commitments made in all areas • Create a rewarding workplace for recognising the need to ensure of performance. our people by valuing everyone’s the sustainability of our business, contribution, encouraging and its impact on the environment personal development, recognising and the communities in which good performance and fostering we operate. equality of opportunity. • We encourage diversity and • Respect the rights and interests expression of ideas and opinions of the communities in which we but require alignment with the operate, by listening to them, company’s Principles, Values and understanding and managing Commitments and the policies the environmental, economic and

Page 366 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. established to implement them. social impacts of our activities. • When faced with choices, we • Respect the rights and interests of make decisions knowing they will our business partners, by working be subject to scrutiny. We should collaboratively to create valued be able to demonstrate the and rewarding partnerships. soundness of our decisions to all stakeholders.

A guide to our decision making behaviours and actions 04 Our Compass

Energy developments Delivering Energy Managing our business Our

performance Economic Customers Safety

$12.3 + billion spent on goods and services by

182,000 + 6.7 TRIFR customers registered for the Australia Pacific LNG project, 15% the majority of which has occurred in Australia. MY ACCOUNT improvement in Total Recordable

Injury Frequency Rate in 2013.

Community $1.7 Million spent by Australia Pacific LNG on constructing homes in Miles,

62% 05% improvement in customer

People

6,000 + satisfaction. employees across Australia, Queensland to improve access to housing. New Zealand and the Pacific, plus

several thousand contractors working Landholders

204 Emissions intensity of power generation

$378m

from $980m

Statutory Profit

$760m

15%

Underlying Profit 0.87

2013 2013 0.74

compensation agreements with landholders for CSG development signed in 2013. 80%

Value distribution

Value distributed of wells required for Phase 1 of the to stakeholders

Australia Pacific LNG project now covered by land access agreements at end of September 2013.

Australia Pacific LNG progress Emissions intensity (tCO2- e/MWh)

$15.1bn

an increase of $2bn on prior year. Origin

45% Upstream and Downstream components complete.

National Electricity

Origin Foundation

Philanthropy

Water

$27m $3.7m

in grants, matched giving by employees,

and employee volunteering in the 2012 spent on water injection trials to calendar year.

replenish underground aquifers. Greenhouse gas emissions 624,000 tCO2-e 23% Increase in emissions from our LNG business unit, including Australia Pacific LNG construction activities.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 05 It has been evident that access to Origin produces and procures energy There are many other, less tangible managing energy is a key contributor to the to supply to customers. In so doing, ways in which we deliver value, and director’s development of strong and we often face complex choices as we I would now like to discuss some of message prosperous economies. Today, access to a reliable supply of try to meet the expectations of our stakeholders.

our major activities as relevant to

each of our stakeholder groups. In energy is considered a basic right Each year, we use our Sustainability some areas we are proud of what we in most developed countries, and Report to explain to stakeholders are already achieving, and in others it underpins our modern standard how we are making these choices. we would like to do better. of living. In this year’s report, we have

OUR CUSTOMERS The community at large has come embarked on a new phase in our thinking about sustainability. We are proud of how we are helping to expect a reliable and

customers to better manage their

energy use. supply, and is increasingly of the activities Origin undertakes expecting that this energy is which are of most importance to our There are many things we are doing produced and consumed on a business and our stakeholders. The to help our customers manage the more sustainable basis. result is a list of what we call Material rising cost of energy, including Aspects. We believe that if we manage introducing new solutions that these Material Aspects well, that is provide unprecedented visibility and we comply with all obligations control over energy use and costs. imposed upon us and those which In August 2012 we launched Origin we choose to impose on ourselves, Energy Manager, Australia’s first we can be confident our business mass-market energy management is being managed sustainably. solution providing customers in

Victoria with almost real-time access In this report, we identify and discuss

to information about their energy our management of 16 Material

use and allowing them to predict Aspects. Over the course of the

their next bill. This year we went a next year, we plan to continue to

step further, launching an in-home identify and report on additional

Energy Monitor which can sit on Material Aspects.

the fridge and provides the same Creating value for our information at the touch of a stakeholders button. These solutions are a direct

response to the concerns many As a business, we believe it is customers have raised about a lack important to create and sustainably of visibility of their energy use. By

Page 370 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. distribute value among our key allowing bill predictions, these stakeholders. This year, there was a solutions allow customers to better substantial increase in the value we manage their household budget and distributed to key stakeholders. We minimise the chance of surprise distributed $15.1 billion, which was when the energy bill arrives. Over up from $13.1 billion in the prior year. time, we expect some customers The largest portion of this, $12.4 billion, may use this information to change is our net expenses. Our success as their consumption habits to help a business can bring important flow save on energy costs. on benefits to other companies and the Australian economy, particularly Yet we acknowledge we need to as we pay for products and services do better at explaining how the from other businesses such as industry works and the drivers energy network providers, of price increases. infrastructure owners, engineers The cost of energy has increased and construction companies. significantly in recent years, driven We distributed $1.1 billion to capital primarily by investment in the providers through interest and network of poles and wires that dividend payments, and $746 million deliver energy to customers, and the to our employees through wages introduction of green schemes and shares. We distributed a including the carbon price and significant part of the value we Renewable Energy Target. As the create to the Australian community leading energy provider in Australia, through the payment of taxes and we acknowledge that the industry royalties to state and federal has not done enough to inform and governments, and in the past year engage consumers. In response, this these accounted for $132 million. In year we launched an upgrade to how addition, we distributed $6 million in we communicate via digital and the form of community investment, social media channels, driven by the more than half of which was premise ‘Knowledge is Power’.

08:57Am

Origin Managing Director,

Grant King. 06 We created a new knowledge hub We also acknowledge the impacts OUR EMPLOYEES OUR INVESTORS – Energy Explorer – which contains our developments can have on We must continue to improve It was a more challenging year easy to understand information on communities, and we are proud our safety performance so our for our business in 2013, which a range of energy topics, including of many things we are doing to people stay safe, and continue was evident in our financial results. the drivers of energy price increases. minimise these impacts. to promote diversity and inclusion At the same time, over the past This activity represented a major The most substantial energy in our workforce. decade we have established the change in how we engage with development in which we are leading Australian integrated consumers, and it was evident in the At Origin, safety is our first priority currently involved is the Australia and part of the foundation of our energy company and actions taken response to the campaign that there Pacific LNG project. Housing this year make us optimistic about is a genuine hunger for information approach to sustainability. In the availability and traffic are two past year, we improved our safety our future prospects. about energy. We look forward to challenges that we are currently further improving our communication performance substantially with our Our financial performance and managing around our CSG activities TRIFR of 6.7 representing a 15 per cent future prospects are discussed to customers in the future, and in Queensland. In particular, we have engaging them in Australia’s energy improvement on the prior year. We on page 40, and in further detail implemented a range of

Page 372 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. initiatives to have established a set of 11 Life Saving in our Shareholder Review and conversation. We share a story about assist the community to gain access this journey on page 33. Rules that govern safe behaviours Annual Report available at to affordable housing. We have across our operations. These rules reports.originenergy.com.au provided rental assistance to those OUR COMMUNITIES address the causes of 35 per cent of In closing, we understand that millions on low incomes to offset rising the potentially serious or catastrophic We are proud of how we have housing costs, and continue to work rely on the energy we provide every listened to landholder feedback incidents in our business and we are day. We are also cognisant of the in partnership with not- for-profit putting considerable effort into and improved our compensation Horizon Housing to build new need to lower carbon emissions framework for land access. embedding them across our from energy supply, while balancing affordable housing in Miles and Roma. workforce, and ensuring our people Over time we have listened closely We have committed more than this objective with maintaining

take accountability for their actions. reliability of supply and limiting the to landholder feedback, and we also $7 million to these projects to date. You can read more about the considered our own experiences, to rising cost of energy. We take seriously As the public and political debate introduction of Life Saving Rules on the responsibilities associated with revise our approach to compensating continues, we realise we need to page 39. We also continue to focus landholders for access to their land making these complex choices do more to communicate the facts on safety observations in an effort as we try to meet the expectations to develop our CSG activities in and address community concerns to prevent unsafe actions and Queensland. The revised process, of our stakeholders. about CSG. reinforce safe behaviours. We will which includes a method to We approach these challenges The development of energy

Page 373 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. projects, target further improvements in calculate fair compensation on a with confidence, knowing that our particularly low carbon fuels such safety performance over the next property-specific basis, helped us Compass will help us to make good as CSG, continued to be a focus of 12 months as we target a zero to sign 204 voluntary Conduct and decisions today, and every day. debate over the past year. This harm workplace. Compensation Agreements (CCAs) reflects the concerns of some in In an effort to improve the with landholders for the Australia society about the potential social representation of women in our Pacific LNG project during the past and environmental impacts of these workforce, Origin has also been an year. Australia Pacific LNG now has energy developments. In many early adopter of gender diversity agreements in place for more than instances, the concerns associated targets. We have put in place three 80 per cent of wells required for with CSG – which is just natural gas voluntary targets which we discuss Phase 1 of the project. This reflects Grant King from coal seams – have not been on page 41, and while there are strong landholder support for our Managing Director evidence based and have been either some areas we need to continue enhanced process, and our CSG greatly exaggerated or misinformed. to improve, it has been particularly development activities more broadly. We therefore realise we must do encouraging that the rate of We will keep working hard to share more to convey the accurate facts appointment of women to senior the substantial economic benefits about CSG development. Through roles across all of our operating generated by our activities. our own activities and working in business units increased by Through our investment in the partnership with the industry body, 15 per cent this year. $24.7 billion Australia Pacific LNG the Australian Petroleum Production project, we continue to look for and Exploration Association, we have opportunities to share economic stepped up our efforts to address the benefits with local businesses. The misinformation in the current

Page 374 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Australia Pacific LNG project has debate. One example is Australia spent more than $12.3 billion on Pacific LNG’s partnership with goods and services – the majority Queensland and Australian Rugby of which has been spent in Australia, League legend Darren Lockyer where often in regional locations. We are also he shared his journey learning the creating substantial employment facts about CSG. I encourage those opportunities, with the project interested in understanding the currently employing approximately facts about CSG or following 10,000 people at the peak of its Darren’s journey, to visit construction activity. By providing aplng.com.au

employment and working with local suppliers where practicable, we can maximise the economic benefits of our development for the local, state WE Aim to and national economy.

share value

sustainably

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 07 GlobaL The future may be uncertain but emerging trends can trends provide an insight into future changes in the global energy industry, which could influence the way energy is sourced, stored, transported and used.

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE INNOVATION THE ROLE TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL POPULATION CONCERNS

INCREASES Climate change and limiting

Innovation in information technology

will provide huge potential for end

users to better control energy use and

OF GAS

The IEA has called it the ‘Golden environmental impacts from energy

Page 375 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Two hundred years ago, the world’s production and use are core for generators to more efficiently Age of Gas’ – growing demand for population was estimated to be concerns. For example, there is supply energy. Not only are smart energy, the lower carbon profile of around 1 billion people (1) and the increasing demand from project meters already offering real-time gas and massive unconventional gas main source of energy was wood. financiers to understand the social data to help consumers in Italy, reserves globally that are only more Today, the world’s population is and environmental impacts of their Canada and Australia decide on how recently being extracted economically. approximately 7 billion and is expected investments in energy projects. The and when they use energy, but in Today, thanks to new drilling to reach 9.5 billion by 2050 (2). Access International Energy Agency (IEA) the future, battery technology may technologies, these gas reserves are to electricity is considered a basic predicts that renewable resources support renewables such as available for extraction and use, human right now in most countries. will grow from 20 per cent to large-scale solar to provide baseload elevating the role of gas in the energy The reality is that an estimated represent 31 per cent of electricity power throughout the day and night. mix. Large volumes of gas are used 20 per cent of the global population generation by 2035. In Australia, domestically and also exported as is still unable to access any electricity, there is bipartisan support to reduce LNG to energy-hungry nations to while another 15 per cent is unable carbon emissions by 5 per cent based power manufacturing and other to access sufficient or consistent on 2000 levels by 2020. The energyintensive industries, generate electricity to facilitate a healthy and challenge involves implementing electricity and heat homes. more prosperous life. Population practical, cost effective and socially growth and rising living standards acceptable policies.

in developing nations is growing global energy demand. Diverse solutions are needed to deliver energy across geographies. 08 Global trends THE RISE OF CHANGES IN DESIRE & THE AUSTRALIAN ASIA

GOVERNMENT POLICY The global energy sector is highly regulated and Australia is no

ASPIRATIONS

A rise in income and living standards

STORY

Australia is the world’s ninth largest exception. Changes in both brings new choices to consumers. energy producer and only the 17th Global energy demand has increased government policy and regulation This, coupled with concern for our largest consumer of non-renewable rapidly in developing countries, have the power to stimulate or environment, will change how energy sources (3). We have a especially in parts of Asia where restrict energy investment, which people use and consume energy. significant opportunity to capitalise economies are expanding, living in turn can affect energy prices to There has been a rise in the on our resource endowment, standards are improving and consumers, reliability of supply, and decentralisation of energy particularly in natural gas, to provide populations are growing. Australia’s investment in low carbon energy generation such as through rooftop energy to other nations. By the end proximity to Asia, combined with solutions. Australia’s new Federal solar panels and cogeneration plants. of the decade, Australia is expected our abundant energy resources, Government has announced policy Also, expect to see more electric cars to become the world’s largest means our energy industry can measures that should free and on our roads now that more car exporter of LNG, bringing substantial help meet Asia’s increasing energy encourage resource development makers have released models that economic and social benefits. demand, particularly by exporting and reduce the cost burdens on produce less carbon emissions. By 2050, Australia’s population of cleaner forms of energy including consumers.

23 million is also projected to increase natural gas. by 62 per cent (4), driving growth in

energy demand. It is anticipated our

domestic energy production will more

than double to meet this increased

domestic and global demand.

03:48Pm Australia’s abundant energy resources are providing cleaner

(1) United States Census Bureau,

International Programs, World

Population, Historical Population.

international/data/worldpop/table_

history.php>

(2) United Nations, Department of

Economic and Social Affairs: Population

Division, Population Estimates and

Projections Section.

population.htm>

(3) Department of Resources, Energy and

Tourism 2013, Energy in Australia 2013

publications/energy-in-aust/

BREE-EnergyInAustralia-2013.pdf>

(4) Department of Resources, Energy and

Tourism 2012, Australia’s long-term

energy future,

white_paper/part-1/chap-3/3.3/Pages/

index.aspx>

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 09 Our Origin supplies energy to markets in Australia, New Zealand strategy and increasingly the Asia Pacific region. Origin’s strategy is to invest in the contestable segments of energy production, power generation and energy retailing. This strategy is designed to provide opportunities

Page 378 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. to grow the value of the Company, while allowing for the effective management of the risks that arise across an increasingly competitive energy supply chain. Pursuit of this strategy will enable Origin to: 1. Continue to be the regional leader in energy markets in Australia and New Zealand; 2. Build a regionally significant position in natural gas and LNG production; and 3. Build a growing position in renewable energy in the Pacific region.

1. Regional leader in energy 2. A regionally significant 3. Growing position in markets in Australia and position in natural gas renewable energy in New Zealand and LNG production the Pacific region

6,010 MW 6,201 PJe RENEWABLE generation portfolio 2P reserves MILLION 13,382 PJe OPTIONS 4.3 customers CSG reserves position (1)

Australia, New Zealand, Chile,

Indonesia, Papua New Guinea

• Large and diverse legacy gas • 37.5 per cent interest in Australia • Significant renewable position portfolio which, together with Pacific LNG which is developing through contractual wind off-take flexible gas transport a large-scale CSG to LNG project agreements; ownership of a wind arrangements, supports a strong which will produce LNG for farm at Cullerin Range; and domestic gas production and export to supply the growing geothermal and hydro generation supply business. demand in Asia. owned by Contact Energy in • Australia’s largest power generation • Upstream operator of Australia New Zealand. portfolio of approximately Pacific LNG. • A number of wind development 6,010 MW providing flexibility and • Australia Pacific LNG has the opportunities including Stockyard diversity across fuel, generation largest 2P CSG reserves position in Hill in Victoria; and geothermal type and geography.

Page 379 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Australia with 13,382 PJe and is the and hydro development • The leading energy retailer leading CSG producer in Australia, opportunities in Chile, Indonesia servicing 4.3 million customers, producing 111 PJe in the 2013 and Papua New Guinea. representing approximately financial year. • Seeking opportunities in 30 per cent share of customers in • Total 2P reserves position of markets that provide attractive Australia’s eastern and southern 6,201 PJe, which includes Origin’s and sustainable value for states, with a diverse portfolio share of Australia Pacific LNG, renewable resources. of energy solutions including representing a substantial electricity, gas, LPG and green position in the Asia Pacific region. energy products. • Continuing to pursue organic • Origin’s leading retail position growth of Origin’s gas production provides an effective channel portfolio over the medium-term, to market for Origin’s fuel and including the Ironbark CSG project generation portfolio. and Halladale Black Watch • Origin holds a 53.1 per cent conventional gas project. interest in Contact Energy, one of • Significant capabilities in natural New Zealand’s leading integrated gas development, in particular generation and energy retailing unconventional gas, which companies, supplying electricity, allows Origin to expand its gas and LPG to approximately gas positions in domestic and 566,000 customers. international markets.

(1) Through Australia Pacific LNG.

10 Our strategy

Where we

operate

Port Moresby

Fiji

Perth

Auckland Adelaide Sydney

Melbourne

Wellington

Key ● Exploration acreage Kenya ● Exploration acreage – geothermal Chile ● Power station Santiago ● Wind generation Botswana ● Geothermal generation ● Hydro generation ● Office ▲ LPG seaboard terminal ■ LPG terminal ● Production facility Vietnam x Development Ho Chi + Development proposal Minh City # TAWN assets subject to Sale Agreement with New Zealand Energy Corp Indonesia

Discover our

interactive

map online

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 11 Engaging with The scale and breadth of Origin’s business brings us into stakeholders contact with a diverse range of stakeholders in Australia, New Zealand and increasingly other parts of the world. We define our key stakeholders as our Customers, Communities, Employees, Investors and Business Partners.

Stakeholder Our Commitment Key areas of interest How Origin engages OUR CUSTOMERS Origin has 4.3 million customer Create value for our Energy is an essential Engagement with customers is guided

Page 381 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. by our Customer Charter. accounts across Australia, which customers, by commodity used every day Customers provide us with feedback via letters and emails; include households, businesses understanding their by our customers. As a result, contact with our Call Centre; as well as through social media. and major industry. needs and delivering energy reliability and relevant and competitive affordability are key concerns Origin uses advertising, marketing and news outlets to provide energy products and for our customers. In terms information about products and facts about the energy industry. solutions to meet those of helping customers address For 10 years we have met regularly with representatives of needs both today and into these concerns, we are organisations representing the interests of energy consumers, the future. providing more visibility through our National Customer Consultative Council. on energy use and costs.

OUR COMMUNITIES Our activities bring us into Respect the rights and We communicate directly with: Local communities – Ongoing dialogue is underpinned by our contact with a wide range of interests of the Local and indigenous Community Engagement Directive. We engage with communities in Australia and communities in which communities around our communities through ‘town hall’ style meetings; targeted internationally. Origin engages we operate, by listening, operations and developments. newsletters; public information centres in key project areas; with community representatives understanding and project-specific websites and hotlines; and ongoing such as governments and working together to We also work with quantitative and qualitative research. In some locations we media, Non Government manage the environmental, intermediaries and influencers participate in formal Community Consultative Committees, Organisations (e.g. charities, economic and social who reflect and represent the conduct our own Community Reference Groups and have environmental agencies), impacts of our activities. interests of the broader Community Relations Advisors employed in the communities local community groups community. These include: in which we operate. and individuals. Governments and regulators Governments – Regular dialogue and meetings with who are charged with representatives from both sides of

representing community departments, including by our Managing Director, senior

interests. executives and members of Origin’s Corporate Affairs team.

Industry associations which We also make submissions on policy matters and attend key

represent the interests of the conferences to understand policy direction and ensure the

energy and business sectors. Company’s views are understood. Non Government Industry associations – Member of relevant industry and

Organisations (NGOs) which business associations including the Energy Retailers Association

represent diverse interests of Australia; Energy Supply Association of Australia; Australian

including environmental, Petroleum Production and Exploration Association and the

social and human rights. Business Council of Australia. Media which play a key role NGOs – Regular meetings with major environmental and in disseminating information climate change organisations attended by key Origin executives to stakeholders and are and members of Corporate Affairs. A senior manager has been

critical in public debates appointed to coordinate this activity. In addition, we work with of national significance. local NGOs to manage impacts and share benefits of our activities,

from energy developments to delivering energy to customers.

Media – We engage with Australian and international media

through media releases; events; one-on-one interviews;

background briefings and presentations; Boardroom events

with key Origin executives; media tours of key assets and

operations; and through conferences or events.

12 Engaging with stakeholders Our commitment to, and engagement with, each of these stakeholders is detailed below. Our challenge as a

Page 383 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. business is to find the right balance between the differing and often competing needs of our stakeholders. Stakeholder Our Commitment Key areas of interest How Origin engages OUR EMPLOYEES

Origin’s workforce includes Create a rewarding Employees and contractors We talk to employees and listen to their feedback via twice more than 6,000 employees and workplace for our people require a safe and healthy yearly employee roadshows held by either the Managing several thousand contractors, by valuing everyone’s workplace, fair and equitable Director or other senior executives in major office locations; the majority of whom are based contribution, encouraging remuneration by recognising senior leadership and Business Unit team meetings and in Australia. personal development, good performance, career conferences; a Company-wide intranet; and operation-specific recognising good development and training newsletters and announcements. performance and to encourage personal For our field employees, we favour face-to-face communication fostering equality of development, and a diverse such as ‘toolbox talks’ and visits from senior leaders. opportunity. and inclusive work

environment. A twice yearly formal performance management process for

Unions are represented at all employees ensures roles are clear, skills are developed and some of our operations and opportunities provided.

projects and are focused on We conduct culture and engagement surveys to understand

worker rights and wages, the views of our employees.

collective bargaining, health and safety as well as working

hours and rosters.

OUR INVESTORS Our investment community Deliver market-leading Investors and the investment Engagement with investors is through our Annual General incorporates retail shareholders, performance for community judge how Origin Meeting held each October; reports including a Shareholder institutional investors, debt shareholders by is delivering shareholder value. Review, Annual Report and Sustainability Report; one-on-one providers, credit reporting identifying, developing, It is important for our investors briefings; local and international

Page 384 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. investor roadshows; and agencies and analysts including operating and growing to see decisions are reached telephone and email enquiries. Environmental Social and value-creating businesses. through sound leadership and Information is also distributed via the ASX and industry Governance advisors who rely governance so they can be presentations. In addition, Origin participates in external on material information to make confident the business is being benchmarking including the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, informed decisions on Origin’s managed sustainably. FTSE4Good Index, CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure current and future performance. Project), and has community investment data verified by

London Benchmarking Group (LBG).

OUR BUSINESS PARTNERS Origin has a number of joint Respect the rights and Business partners require Regular communication throughout daily operations, with venture and investment interests of our business an open and transparent additional engagement undertaken through formal meetings; partners, both domestically and partners, by working relationship with Origin representation on joint venture boards; and participation in internationally. This stakeholder collaboratively to create to assist joint ventures in operating committees . group also includes businesses valued and rewarding delivering shareholder value. Origin’s Code of Conduct and Supplier Selection and which provide goods and partnerships. Engagement Directive provide guidance on fair and ethical services for our projects dealings with suppliers.

and operations.

We seek to

balance the

needs of our

stakeholders

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 13 Our approach Origin’s approach to sustainability is anchored in our to materiality Compass. This includes our Purpose, Principles, Values and Commitments, which define what we do and guide our decision making, behaviours and actions.

Page 385 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Defining what is material This Sustainability Report provides Reporting against our to our performance information about how we manage Material Aspects We have been through a process Material Aspects, in particular those To report against each of our during the past year to identify which are the most relevant and Material Aspects, we first consider activities that Origin undertakes topical for the 2013 financial year. our Duty of Care. Our Duty of Care that are of most interest and This is the starting point of an ensures we first comply with the importance both to our business ongoing process which will result relevant laws, regulations and and to our stakeholders. We refer in progressive coverage of a larger contractual obligations imposed on to these as our Material Aspects. number of Material Aspects than us by others. It also encourages us, We believe if we manage these that included in this report. where practical and desirable, to Material Aspects well, we can be To assist stakeholders in comparing impose additional standards on our confident of a successful and more our performance to others, we business to create better outcomes sustainable business. have followed the Global Reporting for stakeholders. Defining our Material Aspects Initiative framework in our online We listen to our stakeholders, requires a deep understanding of Sustainability Report. This to help determine whether our our business and stakeholders’ information is found in the DataZone management of Material Aspects interests. We expect our Material at reports.originenergy.com.au is appropriate, and we apply these Aspects to evolve through ongoing learnings to our future actions. consultation with our stakeholders. We also seek opportunities to create

value and distribute that value as

appropriate to our stakeholders.

14 Our approach to materiality

Energy developments Delivering energy Future energy solutions Managing our business

Page 386 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. • Delivering the Australia • Customer care page 29 • Tomorrow’s energy • Keeping our people Pacific LNG Project • Setting sustainable solutions page 36 safe page 38 page 16 tariffs page 30 • Financial performance • Accessing land and • Addressing energy page 40 coexistence page 17 affordability page 31 • Achieving gender • Protecting water • Emissions from power diversity page 41 resources page 19 generation page 35 • Contributing to effective • CSG as a cleaner energy policy page 43 source page 22 • Managing community impacts page 25 • Sharing economic benefits page 27

Not included in this report: Corporate governance This can be found in Origin’s Annual Report/Director’s Report at reports.originenergy.com.au

Material aspects reﬂect activities of most interest 02:30pm to stakeholders We work in partnership with local landowners to run cattle on our properties, with the benefits shared by both parties.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 15

ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS 10:33am The roof of Australia Pacific LNG’s two LNG tanks have been raised, another milestone achieved for the project.

Origin finds, develops, produces and procures energy from a range of sources including natural gas, coal, geothermal, hydro and wind. Development of these resources involves large, capital- intensive projects, which tend to

Page 387 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. occur in rural and regional communities. This brings Origin into contact with a diverse range of stakeholders, from local communities and landholders, to community representatives such as governments and media. Our developments can both Delivering the Australia Pacific LNG supplies gas impact and create benefits for Australia Paciﬁc to Australian customers and from our stakeholders. In this section, LNG project mid 2015 will export gas to Asian we talk about the activities Australia Pacific LNG project markets under long-term contracts. associated with our energy approaches half-way mark As at 30 June 2013, the project was developments that are of most approximately 45 per cent complete.

Origin, along with ConocoPhillips and importance to our stakeholders

Sinopec, is a shareholder in Australia Comprehensive review and business at this time.

Pacific LNG, which is building a of schedule and budget Over the past year, these have $24.7 billion project. The project In February 2013, Origin announced ranged from social issues such is on schedule and budget to begin the completion of a comprehensive as land access and housing exporting LNG from Queensland by schedule and cost review of the

mid 2015. The Australia Pacific LNG availability, to environmental Australia Pacific LNG project. This

project is the largest project Origin confirmed a 7 per cent increase in issues such as the role of natural

has undertaken, and once complete the estimated cost of the project to gas as a cleaner energy source,

it stands to deliver a step change $24.7 billion (1). and the potential impact of CSG

in earnings and cash flow to support on water resources.

the Company’s future growth.

is expected by mid 2015. The Delivery of first Origin operates the Upstream part

of the Australia Pacific LNG project

accelerated project schedule also

provides for delivery of first LNG LNG from consisting of development of the gas

fields and construction of the main

from Train 2 in late 2015. Australia Pacific pipeline. The Downstream part of

the project, operated by LNG’s project ConocoPhillips, consists of the

construction of the LNG facility. is expected by mid 2015. (1) As at 31 December 2012 exchange rates.

16 Energy developments

05:45am

Landholders take an early morning

walk in Queensland’s CSG fields. Upstream progress ahead of schedule, and the tanks While compensation agreements As at 30 June 2013, 343 gas wells were 35 per cent complete at the are required in many parts of our had been drilled and work was on financial year end. business, the primary focus of our track despite having been impacted current land access activities is our Australia’s leading 2P CSG largest project, the $24.7 billion by severe weather events through reserves position Australia Pacific LNG project in the year. Australia Pacific LNG has the leading Queensland. At the same time, installation of 2P CSG reserves position in Australia. gathering pipelines was ahead of Delivering good outcomes for During the year,

Page 389 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Australia Pacific schedule with the equivalent of landowners LNG reported an increase in overall 273 wells connected – 100 more gas reserves. This adds to the already In developing CSG resources for the than the targeted 170 wells. Around sufficient reserves to support a Australia Pacific LNG project, Origin 161 diameter-kilometres of gathering Land access at a glance two-train LNG project. will always negotiate access to a line had been installed and all land In the year to 30 June 2013, Australia landowner’s property before entering, surveys, environmental studies and Our Purpose Pacific LNG’s 2P CSG reserves and the process of negotiating flow line routes were scouted for Build trusting landowner increased by 271 PJe to a total of access is highly regulated. Origin’s Phase 1 well locations. relationships that support 13,382 PJe. The 3P Reserves increased land access practices show that we The eastern gas field facilities were regularly exceed the legal project delivery and leave by 108 PJe to 16,155 PJe. Origin 63 per cent complete, which is requirements that protect the positive legacies. provides quarterly updates on behind schedule due to severe interests of landowners. production and exploration activity, Laws & Regulations weather events in the March and annual updates on reserves, We follow the mandatory conditions Quarter and execution challenges We follow the Queensland including Australia Pacific LNG, set out in the Queensland but this will not impact the project’s Government’s Land Access Code which are on our website at Government’s Land Access Code as critical path. The first compression plus many other regulations.

originenergy.com.au/reports well as other relevant regulations, train at Condabri Central is forecast

Our Additional Actions In conjunction with work on the coexistence our duty of care. These additional We work with landowners to eastern fields, facilities in the western Why accessing land is important activities provide extra confidence write Property Management Plans gas fields are progressing well. that our dealings with landowners that inform property- specific Energy resources such as natural gas Similarly, the main pipeline from often sit underneath land owned by are fair, and help us build trusting planning and are used to Condabri to Gladstone is ahead of someone else, and so in operating and lasting relationships. calculate fair compensation. schedule with 143 kilometres fully our business we are required to agree Origin has developed a Land Access installed. This part of the project Strategy, where excellence is defined Our Approach access with a range of landholders. is 73 per cent complete and Many landholders have a deep and as having meaningful conversations We follow a rigorous, formal significantly ahead of the target of long-held connection with their with landowners, building long-term process from pre-planning through 50 per cent complete. Land access land, so we take our obligations contractual relationships with to rehabilitating land post activity. for the main pipeline and its laterals around land access very seriously. them and managing those has been secured. How we approach and build these relationships in an empathetic and Our Performance relationships is vitally important and compliant way. Dedicated Downstream progress This year we negotiated and we are committed to ensuring a fair Landowner Relations Advisors (LRAs)

signed 204 compensation Targets have been consistently met are assigned to each landowner. land access process which maintains agreements. in the Downstream project. As at the confidence of landowners and At the end of September we had 30 June 2013, all LNG compressors regulators. We are transparent about agreed

Page 391 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. access to more than 80% had been delivered for Train 1. The our land access processes so that of wells required for Phase 1 of first LNG modules were received communities understand that while the Australia Pacific LNG project. at Curtis Island and set on their our operations can cause change foundations. The first refrigeration and uncertainty for landowners, compressor has been set and Train 1 they are fairly compensated and gas turbine generators were set on have many opportunities to realise their foundations. The roof was additional benefits by working in raised on each of the two LNG tanks partnership with us.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 17

04:45Pm Checking on a landholder bore as part of our extensive monitoring program which will help us identify any changes in water supply over time.

Maintaining agricultural The process of engaging with Agricultural producer Creating shared value production landowners, from the first Australia Pacific LNG owns some of Where possible, Origin seeks to create notification through to contract the land on which we operate, and shared value for landowners. The 1,200 tonnes negotiations, to activity occurring on their land can take a minimum of six months, but on average takes

we employ specialist Agricultural

Property Managers to manage the

Working Together Program provides

landowners the opportunity to of sorghum harvested on our agricultural production on this land. undertake basic maintenance around Monreagh property in 2013. 12 months or longer. We seek to

Page 392 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Monreagh is one of our 1,100 hectare gas infrastructure on their properties. provide landowners the appropriate properties located southwest of In order to carry out this work, amount of time to consider our Chinchilla, where crops, cattle and landowners are required to meet the plans, provide feedback, obtain legal gas exist side by side. Earlier this same pre- qualification standards as advice and negotiate their year, we harvested 1,200 tonnes of all contractors. The pilot program, agreement. Our relationship with sorghum from a 400 hectare crop developed in conjunction with Skills landowners ends when we leave on Monreagh and there are plans to Queensland, assists them to meet their property and they sign off that expand in the future. Overall Origin these standards and attain a rehabilitation is satisfactory. has around 3,000 hectares of land Certificate III in Rural Operations. Over time we have listened to under cropping activities. Integral to Having achieved full recognition of landowners’ feedback and applied our plans, is to beneficially use water skills and accreditation, landowners We believe energy our learnings to the development of a new Compensation Framework

produced and treated as part of CSG

production, see page 20.

are able to tender for broader

contracting opportunities to development and that calculates compensation on a property specific basis. Using this

generate additional income.

In addition, Origin has established two agriculture can case-by-case approach, Origin has mutually beneficial arrangements negotiated and signed 204

5 actions to in Miles and Spring Gully, where we and should compensation agreements with landowners for the Australia Pacific ensure fair

work with local landowners to run

Page 393 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. cattle on our properties. Across coexist, and this LNG project over the past year. At the end of September, compensation land access these two arrangements, we have

5,400 head of cattle grazing on our is something agreements were in place for more than 80 per cent of the total wells

properties, which are managed in

conjunction with local farmers and

1. Property Management Plans we are actively required for the Australia Pacific LNG project’s Phase 1 development.

developed with landowners. the resulting benefits shared

between both parties.

2. Property-specific Terms demonstrating Our land access team works with a ‘plain English’ Conduct and

of Access that define

expectations during in our business Compensation Agreement to ensure negotiations are straight-forward

the operational phase

in fine detail. today. and transparent. LRAs are trained to work with landowners to develop

3. Negotiated compensation

agreements that are aligned formal Property Management Plans

with Origin’s Compass, that list existing farm business

laws and regulations and activities and identify areas where

international best practice. we can plan to minimise impacts or share benefits, such as building 4. Specialist training for or upgrading roads and fencing, Landowner Relations and the mutually useful placement Advisors in business, legal

to land access.

5. Employing Agricultural

Property Managers to

help maintain agricultural

production on

Origin-owned land.

18 Energy developments

Protecting Water There are however, a small number Our wells are also designed to very resources of users who may experience reduced strict standards, with layers of cement water availability as a result of CSG and steel casing separating the wells Why water is important production. For these users the CSG from the surrounding environment. Effective and responsible industry is required by law to make The Australia Pacific LNG project is management of water is important good any impacts on groundwater underpinned by extensive experience, for our business. We come into availability. It is currently estimated sound science, and thorough and contact with water in many of our that over the life of the existing CSG extensive regulations and approvals. activities, including gas production projects that water levels in the There are two layers of legal Water at a glance and power generation, and we Surat Basin may decline to a level protection for water resources, understand that how we use, re-use which affects water availability in Federal and State. At a Federal Our Purpose or dispose of water is of considerable approximately 528 of the 21,000 bores. level, the project complies with the interest to stakeholders. Of these bores 111 relate to areas in Appropriately manage our impacts

Water Act 2000 and Environmental Currently, there is a high degree of which Australia Pacific LNG operates. on water sources and ensure water

Protection and Biodiversity interest in water management We have already commenced security for our business and other

Conservation Act. Under Queensland related to our CSG activities. Some negotiating make good

law, the project is subject to stakeholders have raised concerns with landholders whose bores may be environmental assessment by the Laws & Regulations about the potential impact of CSG affected within the next three years. Department of Environment and extraction on both water supplies Heritage Protection which has Water management is and quality. Fraccing and well design governed by extensive federal and

developed the Coal Seam Gas Water We take our responsibilities around The extraction of CSG requires the Management Policy specifically for state laws and regulations, CSG water management seriously. drilling of wells and can involve the careful management of the CSG including the Water Act 2000, EPBC We strive to take a leadership use of hydraulic fracture stimulation, industry. There are also many state Act and Queensland’s CSG Water position and are committed to commonly referred to as fraccing, to acts, guidelines and policies, for Management Policy. advancing scientific and public improve the flow of gas. It’s estimated example the Office of Groundwater that approximately 30 per cent of Impact Assessment, which produces

Our Additional Actions understanding of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) hydrogeology as we our wells over the life of the Australia the Underground Water Impact Australia Pacific LNG has develop our project. Pacific LNG project will require Report, which is publically available. established a research partnership fraccing, with minimal fraccing with the CSIRO called GISERA

Our management program for water Addressing community concerns required in the first five years. through a $14 million investment to

is governed by strict conditions The community has expressed two Australia Pacific LNG exclusively uses imposed by law, and in addition to further CSG research including water. key concerns when it comes to CSG water-based fraccing fluids. The fluid this we make commitments that and water: primarily comprises water and sand extend beyond the law. Our Approach 1. the extraction of groundwater (98.8 per cent) which is used to prop Our formal water management

Page 396 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. from coal seams and open the fractures in the coal seam. Additional actions we take plans, strategies and monitoring interconnectivity of some aquifers A small percentage of the fluid Understanding the water resources programs guide how we use, re-use may reduce water availability for contains other additives which are in the areas we operate is the or dispose of water. other users in the GAB; and necessary to enable the sand to flow foundation of our approach. In early into the fractures. These additives 2013, we completed a comprehensive Our Performance 2. the process used to extract water are found in common household may deteriorate water quality. groundwater bore baseline items and are considered entirely We’ve invested $27 million to

assessment program. Over three CSG is produced by pumping safe in the small quantities in which date on water injection trials

years, 900 bores were studied, with groundwater from coal seams to they are used. at Spring Gully, Reedy Creek

groundwater levels, groundwater release gas. Many of the concerns and Condabri. Fraccing is strictly controlled by quality, bore construction and raised about the potential impacts regulation and will not contaminate condition data gathered, as well as of CSG activities on water resources aquifers. However, the community written and anecdotal data from reflect misunderstandings based on has expressed concerns that landowners. This has helped us and inaccurate or insufficient information. fraccing could create connections the community better understand The entire CSG industry’s impact between clean water aquifers and groundwater resources. It has also on groundwater, including Origin’s, salty or brackish water from the provided a baseline against which is often greatly exaggerated. coal seams we access. This is we can measure any changes that In the areas where we extract CSG for our project, the water we geologically very unlikely, as coal seams and water aquifers are

may occur as a result of our

activities. The baseline data is

Page 397 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Origin strives to withdraw is from the coal seams and typically contains high levels of salt. separated by hundreds of metres of very low-permeability rock.

therefore the basis of the project’s

CSG Water Monitoring and

take a leadership This generally makes it unsuitable for use as a water source without

Management Plan.

position on the treatment, so we are not taking water that would be otherwise used

management of for agriculture or other uses. CSG water.

Discover

more online

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 19

05:22Pm Beneficially using treated water to irrigate crops in Queensland. The Australia Pacific LNG project is underpinned

by extensive Australia Pacific LNG has one of the The policy outlines a variety of Each of these options requires CSG experience, largest water management teams in the resources industry comprising

potential options for use of CSG

water. The two primary options

water to be first purified through

sophisticated reverse osmosis sound science, more than 70 professionals. Their expertise ranges from postgraduate

we have identified are:

1. Aquifer injection: this involves

treatment processes. Reverse

pumping treated water into

aquifers depleted from historical

of the water to provide freshwater

for further use. The salt removed and extensive experience gained both within Australia and internationally.

groundwater extraction making

water available for future use.

through the treatment process

creates a salt waste called brine regulations and Australia Pacific LNG has also established a research partnership

We were the first CSG project to

be granted approval for aquifer

which requires further treatment

and disposal. approvals. with the CSIRO called GISERA, through a $14 million investment.

injection at Spring Gully’s

Precipice Aquifer. Trial injection

Managing brine Among other socio-economic and schemes are currently underway The salt removed during the reverse environmental impacts, GISERA will at Reedy Creek and Condabri. osmosis process produces brine. conduct research to better It is estimated more than Currently brine is held in specially understand the impacts of CSG $117 million will be spent on built storage ponds that are subject development on groundwater and trials and water injection once to strict construction and lining make publicly available the results of the project is in operation. requirements. Over time, water left this research. in the brine evaporates, producing

2. Beneficial use, such as for

concentrated salts.

agriculture: one of the highest CSG water use The total amount of salt estimated

value uses of water is to irrigate The Queensland Government’s Coal crops that will feed and benefit to be produced from the CSG industry Seam Gas Water Management Policy the community. Our first CSG in Queensland over the 40 year life recognises the opportunity to convert water treatment plant at Spring of all of the projects is expected to CSG water to a resource that can be Gully irrigates a 300 hectare be in the order of 10 million tonnes. beneficially used. pongamia plantation, with the This is equivalent to the annual

plant’s seeds, stalks and leaves production of salt in Australia.

being suitable for bio-diesel and We are currently assessing a number

farm fodder. Origin is currently of ways to beneficially use this salt,

developing a distribution one of which is salt recovery which

network to supply water to extracts common table salt and

support landholder irrigation sodium carbonate from the brine.

and livestock watering at If successful, this could be made

Condabri and Talinga. available to the domestic market.

CSG industry’s water use in context 910,000ML 615,000ML 140,000ML 95,000 ML 25,000 ML Annual recharge Total annual estimated Current annual Average annual Typical annual water to the GAB groundwater use in groundwater use water production production by Australia the GAB in Surat Basin by the CSG industry Pacific LNG post 2015

20 Energy developments

Darren’s journey to learn the facts about CSG

06:03PM

Australia Pacific LNG’s campaign

in partnership with Australian

Rugby League legend Darren

Lockyer aims to share the facts

and counter CSG misinformation. We know that when it comes to CSG Taking people through the various Darren said: “I grew up in Roma, there is concern around water and steps of CSG production, our right in the middle of where lots of in particular, about protecting water campaign aims to answer questions Queensland’s CSG is found. When used for drinking and agriculture, and respond to common concerns Australia Pacific LNG wanted help or draining the GAB. about topics ranging from how we explaining how they’re developing In response to this and the ongoing work with landholders to water natural gas from Queensland’s public debate about CSG, Australia security and the process involved coal seams, I agreed, but on one Pacific LNG launched a major in hydraulic fracturing (or fraccing condition, we head back to where educational campaign. as it’s commonly known). it’s all happening so I could find A key part of the campaign was out what’s going on for myself. We wanted to provide accurate and transparent information to help partnering with Queensland and “I spent time learning about CSG people better understand how Australian Rugby League legend water, about aquifers and aquitards CSG is developed, where the water Darren Lockyer. But before Darren and about what happens to the water follow comes from during extraction and would agree to work with us, he was keen to understand more about the

when it comes up to the surface. Darren’s how we responsibly and sustainably manage water. We also wanted industry for his own reassurance.

“People talk about the water being

journey them to know that the industry is We decided to share his journey experts, they make sure the water is online tightly regulated and our project learning the facts about CSG not the water the farmers use and alone complies with more than through a series of informative when you hear the experts explain 1,500 federal and state conditions webisodes. In these, Darren puts his it to you, you actually start to feel and regulations. questions about CSG direct to a lot more confident about it all.” experts such as engineers, scientists, During the campaign, visits to the hydrologists and landholders. Australia Pacific LNG website Fact sheets addressing the most substantially increased. We have common water concerns were been encouraged by the number also made available giving more of people interested in the facts information on topics such as about CSG. water management.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 21 CSG as a cleaner The role of natural gas When exported as LNG to our energy source Through our development of CSG customers in China and Japan, the gas

resources, and other conventional we produce will have the potential Responding to climate change

gas activities, we support the to supersede other, potentially less Climate Change is a major societal environmentally attractive fuel challenge and an important issue delivery of cleaner energy. When

used to generate electricity, natural choices in those countries. This will for energy companies. Origin is a have a positive impact on global producer of emissions in Australia gas whether from CSG or

conventional sources, produces up carbon emissions. A WorleyParsons

coal. Gradually replacing coal-fired tonne of CSG emissions in Australia plays an important role in helping to reduces global emissions by 4.3 tonnes, lower carbon emissions from energy power stations with gas-fired power Studies have supply through our development of stations would help Australia to

reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.

when the gas displaces conventional

coal-fired power. natural gas and renewable energy. estimated that We are committed to managing our

The United States has shown the

cleaner potential of natural gas,

The environmental benefits of gas

are not just limited to greenhouse every tonne of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, and reporting them

reducing its emissions substantially,

largely by shifting from coal to gas

gases. Natural gas also uses much

less water than coal-fired power CSG emissions in transparently. In response to some recent studies which have attempted

for power generation. and produces much lower levels of

noxious substances such as sulphur

Gas is also an ideal partner for peaking Australia reduces to question the benefits of natural gas, in the past year we have been power generation which supports dioxide, nitrogen oxides and fine

particle emissions. Burning gas

renewables that currently cannot global emissions asked by some stakeholders to validate the cleaner qualities of provide energy all the time, such as

solar or wind. That is why natural gas

instead of coal also improves urban

air quality, a real benefit in China. by 4.3 tonnes(1), natural gas. We discuss emissions associated with CSG activities in this will continue to play an important

role in the delivery of energy in

Reporting our emissions section, while emissions associated when the gas with our power generation activities Australia and around the world. The energy industry and the projects

we manage are highly regulated is discussed on page 35, and the Some stakeholders have expressed displaces development of low carbon energy concern that our development of

when it comes to carbon emissions

reporting. Relevant Australian laws solutions on page 36. a project of the scale of Australia conventional Pacific LNG will lead to a significant

and regulations that we abide by

include the Environmental Protection

increase in our carbon emissions. coal-fired power. While it is true that our emissions

Act 1994, the National Greenhouse

and Energy Reporting Act (NGER Act),

will rise as our CSG production the Energy Efﬁciency Opportunities Act

increases, we balance this against 2006 and the Clean Energy Act 2011.

our important role in addressing the

global issue of climate change.

Lifecycle emissions produced during the CSG to LNG process (2)

Upstream: 11% Extraction of the Gas and water Gas processing Main Transmission gas from well gathering, and plant pipeline from gas

treating water fields to LNG facility

(1) Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Study of Australian CSG to LNG, WorleyParsons, April 2011. (2) Data sourced from Greenhouse Gas

Emissions: Study of Australian CSG to LNG, WorleyParsons, April 2011 and Origin estimates, April 2012.

22 Energy developments

Each year, we are required to report CSG to LNG process our audited emissions to regulators. CSG as cleaner energy at a glance Using CSG as fuel for power We measure and report our emissions generation in Australia, or for Our Purpose from CSG exploration, production, shipping as LNG to overseas markets, Manage our energy use and air processing and transport under the requires a complex array of machinery emissions, report them NGER Act. We have done this since and engineering. This includes transparently, and invest in cleaner it was established in the 2009 processes such as exploration, drilling forms of energy. financial year. and well construction, extraction of This year our LNG business unit gas and water, gathering and treating Laws & Regulations scope 1 emissions from operations water, gas processing, pipelines, refrigeration and storage. Emissions reporting is highly were 552,700 tCO2-e, and scope 1 emissions from Australia Pacific The majority of greenhouse gas

regulated, including through the

Environmental Protection Act

We produce LNG construction activities were emissions occur at the end of this 71,300 tCO2-e. There was an process during combustion (burning)

(1994), the National Greenhouse

and Energy Reporting Act, and the emissions and 11.3 per cent increase in emissions of the gas, or in other words its end from operations on the prior year use. Around 78 per cent of all

Clean Energy Act.

play an and a 466 per cent increase in emissions occur where the gas is used Our Additional Actions emissions from construction activity by generators to make electricity

We contribute to greater

important role on the prior year, as we continued or when used directly by homes or to ramp up activity towards delivery of first LNG by mid 2015. industry. This means that the vast understanding of emissions from

gas through membership of Joint

in developing majority of emissions associated with We contribute to greater our CSG activities will occur overseas, once the gas is transported as LNG

Industry and Department of

Natural Resources and Mines and

cleaner forms of understanding of emissions from natural gas and its role in addressing to Japan or China, and burnt in power stations to create electricity. The

joint Australian Government and

CSIRO initiatives.

energy that will climate change, through membership of relevant industry associations and benefit of reduced

Our Approach help to reduce government bodies. These include the Joint Industry and Department in those countries. Only a small proportion of emissions will occur

We have formal processes for

monitoring and measuring

emissions. of Natural Resources and Mines, the joint Australian Government and in Australia, where we extract and emissions, reporting them to CSIRO initiative to investigate process the gas ready for shipping. regulators, and seek ways to fugitive emissions from CSG, Australian improve operational performance Petroleum Production and Exploration to reduce emissions. Association and the Australian

Our Performance Industry Greenhouse Network. We have also undertaken voluntary Total scope 1 emissions for reporting of emissions to the CDP LNG operations and Australia for the past eight years and have Pacific LNG Upstream construction publically disclosed this information activities were 624,000 tCO2-e, for the past seven years. We report a 23% increase on the prior year.

the same data in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.

Downstream: 11% End use: 78% Successive stages of LNG is stored LNG is exported in Overseas the LNG is regassified refrigeration cool the in tanks purpose-built ships and used to fuel power stations, gas turning it into LNG industrial and residential use

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 23

03:50Pm Checking on a CSG well in Queensland with Australia Pacific LNG partner Darren Lockyer.

Fugitive emissions Naturally occurring seeps In parallel with these investigations In the past year, some stakeholders There is documented and anecdotal the Queensland Government have expressed concern about historical evidence of shallow gas conducted its own studies into the fugitive emissions from CSG. seepage in areas of Queensland prior seeps in 2012, coordinated by the Fugitive emissions can come from: to the arrival of the CSG industry. CSG Compliance Unit, with results

This is because gas exists close to released in January 2013. • infrastructure leaks which can occur on a small scale throughout the surface, which is a factor that The Government’s Summary

attracted energy companies to the Technical Report about the Natural gas the production process; • intentional flaring of CSG to area. Condamine River Gas Seep

Investigation found no evidence of produces much ensure the safe and efficient operation of equipment; and

Origin, as Upstream operator of

Australia Pacific LNG, has continued safety risk or environmental harm.

The report summarised the lower levels of • minor venting of CSG where it is not practical to flare.

investigations into bubbling

methane seeps observed in the Government’s work to investigate

the seeps and referenced the greenhouse Australia Pacific LNG uses new

Condamine River. Research activities

have involved independent investigation and investment in technologies and rigorous internal ongoing studies being undertaken gas emissions processes, to ensure fugitive

specialists and included:

• aquatic ecology assessment of

by Origin. These investigations will

provide important baseline data than coal when We have programs in place at operational assets to routinely

the riverine areas near the seeps;

• installation of temporary water

necessary for developing a more

detailed understanding of the seeps. used for power detect and repair methane leaks along production infrastructure.

level gauging stations;

• mapping visible bubble locations, generation. Acknowledging the need to provide installation of soil gas monitoring

probes, collection of water added confidence to the community that fugitive emissions are being and gas samples for analysis, accurately reported, in August 2012 and measurement of soil gas the Australian Government parameters; commissioned a review which • measuring and monitoring recommended further research into methane at the seeps; fugitive emissions. The government • a 3D contouring survey of the has subsequently announced a joint river profile; study with CSIRO of CSG fugitive • inspection, downhole video runs emissions covering Queensland and and testing of water bores New South Wales CSG production. including gas and water level Origin supports and will participate measurements, water and gas in the CSIRO study. The study will focus chemistry and composition on sampling CSG infrastructure, such analyses; as wellhead pipe connections and • a review of existing Australian fittings, and well site emission

regarding similar situations; and

• an ongoing water quality

monitoring program.

24 Energy developments

Managing impacts Origin has implemented additional Australia Pacific LNG has contributed on communities guidelines and principles which help financially to an upgrade of the Miles Community impacts us manage community impacts. airport, which includes a sealed at a glance We are responsible for managing Open and transparent engagement runway for all-weather access. In Our Purpose our impacts on others is crucial to developing and September 2013, Australia Pacific New gas plants and power stations Minimise our impact on maintaining strong partnerships LNG also announced a contribution are large-scale infrastructure communities with particular with our stakeholders. of $54 million for Maranoa Regional developments, which often occur consideration for housing Origin’s Community Engagement Council to conduct road upgrades in rural and regional communities. and road safety. Directive is a formal framework in the area surrounding the project, Our presence in these communities north-east of Roma. The funding can bring many benefits. It can also which guides the Company’s Laws & Regulations interactions with communities. This will enable the widening of sealed create social impacts including roads that are heavily used by The Queensland Coordinator process is underpinned by rigorous increased competition for labour, Project vehicles, and the bitumen General agreed to Australia Pacific social and economic analysis, and pressure on local services, traffic, sealing of some roads to improve LNG’s EIS and SIMP with strict

Page 410 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. by listening to and interacting with and for large developments, a road safety and reduce dust levels conditions and these form the basis communities to better understand shortage of housing. We aim to for nearby residents. of our approach. how they work, and their concerns listen to communities, understand and aspirations. Other road safety measures include Our Additional Actions their concerns about these impacts, We provide several mechanisms restricting heavy and excessive light and take action to mitigate them. through which communities can vehicle movements during school With the CSIRO, Australia The largest development in which bus hours and also during the Pacific LNG has established GISERA, provide feedback to us or lodge a Origin is currently involved is the Christmas holiday period, reducing a major research project into the concern. This includes in person at Australia Pacific LNG project in speed limits for construction traffic socio-economic impacts associated our offices in Chinchilla, Roma and Queensland. The social impacts and In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems with the CSG industry. Miles, via a dedicated 1800 number currently requiring our greatest in all project vehicles. This has led to and email. The top five concerns Our Approach focus are road safety and housing the creation of a CSG industry raised by communities around our availability. Logistics Safety Code of Practice. CSG developments, are traffic and We follow a rigorous process transport, noise, dust, construction We have also put in place buses which includes impact assessment, Listening to communities operations and behaviour of between Roma airport and project mitigation strategies and ongoing

Page 411 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Community expectations of sites which is removing approximately employees and contractors. Traffic monitoring and reporting. resource companies are continually 100 cars off the road each two week is by far the biggest concern, increasing. Over time, the Queensland roster period. Our Performance accounting for 42 per cent of state government has introduced complaints, and this is a key focus We’ve committed more than strong regulatory requirements and of our efforts to mitigate our $7 million to build new homes consultation mechanisms to ensure impacts on communities. in Queensland to alleviate that industry and communities work together to manage the issues that To better understand the Creating value housing pressure. socio-economic impacts associated come with large-scale developments. There are many laws and regulations with CSG, Australia Pacific LNG for our established GISERA along with the in place to protect communities. For the Australia Pacific LNG project, CSIRO, which funds constructive, communities objective and publicly available Promoting road safety the Queensland Coordinator General, research. A wide range of research

1,500

At Origin, we look to create a under the State Development and partners contribute to GISERA to positive legacy for communities Public Works Organisation Act 1971, ensure the research topics reflect over the long-term, by finding agreed to the commitments made the views and concerns of opportunities to create value. in the Australia Pacific LNG project’s stakeholders. We work in partnership with

communities to decide the best (EIS) and Social Impact Management The road is for sharing ways to do this. Understanding School students have completed our Plan (SIMP). In approving the EIS, the The development of the Australia the risks associated with driving road safety program in Queensland. Coordinator General imposed strict Pacific LNG project and other CSG on country roads, and listening conditions the project must meet. to LNG projects places additional to community concerns, led us These are an essential part of our pressure on roads. The influx of to establish the Caring About approach to managing impacts on workers and the use of large vehicles Road Safety (CARS) program in communities, but we don’t stop there. to transport goods, increases traffic partnership with RACQ. The in rural and regional communities, CARS program equips young and with this raises the risk of road drivers with driving skills and incidents. Road safety is therefore positive attitudes that could critically important to us and our communities.

help save lives. Since the

program began in 2007, more

By listening to Origin’s Land Transport Directive outlines measures for employees,

than 1,500 students from local

schools in Tara, Miles, Chinchilla,

the concerns contractors and suppliers to minimise the risk of traffic incidents.

Dalby, Roma, Biloela and Moura

have participated in the

of communities The directive includes driver and

practical driver training course

on local roads.

we can work and journey planning to lessen the risks.

together to

minimise

impacts.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 25 Housing Access to affordable housing However, there have been some The scale of CSG to LNG immediate and unavoidable

$7.0m + 4 things we development in Queensland and the short-term housing impacts as number of workers required to the project has developed, and in deliver three large projects being these instances we have funded

rental support programs to help

do to manage built at the same time, has created a Committed to projects improving short-term influx of people to some those impacted. impacts on

Partnerships are crucial to managing access to affordable housing. rural and regional locations, and will also create jobs for the longer-term. the challenges associated with housing This, in turn, has created pressure housing. We work closely with local on housing supply and led to a rise councils and NGOs as they are often 1. Build temporary camps to in prices and rents, most likely to best placed to understand the social house our construction and impact those on low to medium impacts and most appropriate operational workforce. incomes working and living in the solutions. Australia Pacific LNG has 2. Offer rental support

Page 414 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. community. We have listened to partnered with not-for-profit programs and subsidised community concern about this issue affordable housing provider Horizon rental properties for low to via our Community Consultative Housing to construct homes and medium income earners. Committees and other feedback assist in easing housing stress 3. Build new affordable housing channels, and there are a number experienced by the community. with not-for-profit Horizon of actions we have taken to reduce More than $7 million has been Housing. our impact on the housing market. committed to address housing

4. Partner with regional councils We have built temporary camps affordability in the gas fields, which

to enable new housing for employees around our major has included nine homes completed

developments through construction activities such as in Miles and the delivery of affordable

investment in infrastructure. gas plants, the pipeline route, accommodation in Roma in 2014. drilling sites and on Curtis Island, which reduces our impact on housing availability.

Joining forces to build new homes for the community 12:55Pm Donna and Cody Yesberg move into their new home which is part of an affordable housing project with Horizon Housing.

Queensland’s CSG to LNG projects The remaining seven houses are The projects are part of Australia have created jobs and economic managed by Horizon Housing and Pacific LNG’s multi-million dollar prosperity, but along with the increase are rented at a significant discount commitment to support gas field in workers has come pressure on to market rates to those working in communities with affordable housing housing and accommodation in a service industries, and affected by and relieving accommodation

Page 415 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. number of towns. As part of our rising housing costs. pressures throughout the region. commitment to support these The second initiative located at Roma, “This is the first time that a major communities, Australia Pacific LNG features a $1.75 million development energy company and a private partnered with Queensland’s leading offering a range of housing options. non-profit housing provider have not-for profit housing provider, These 10 homes are expected to be joined forces to fund and develop Horizon Housing on two initiatives completed and ready to be occupied new affordable homes for the to help relieve housing pressures. by September 2014, with an additional benefit of the wider community, Watch more The $2.05 million affordable housing eight townhouses expected to be and this approach could easily serve online project at Miles in South West Queensland, launched in March,

built by September 2015. as a template for other projects across

the country,” said Horizon Housing’s features townhouse style homes Chief Executive Jason Cubit. designed for young couples, families and individuals. Two of the nine dwellings were sold, with the proceeds reinvested in similar developments.

26 Energy developments

Sharing economic The Local Content Strategy Back in 2011, we formed a strategic beneﬁts objectives are to create opportunity partnership with Construction Skills Economic benefits for local businesses to participate in Queensland (CSQ) to ensure there at a glance Creating value for communities the project, build their capability, were enough people with the Our Purpose When we develop large energy support training and

Page 416 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. development appropriate skills to support the projects, we create considerable Create and share economic value initiatives and ensure project construction phase of the project. economic value sometimes in the generated by our operations and contractors and suppliers are aligned Many contractors working on the billions of dollars, for Australians. development projects. with the project’s sustainability construction phase of the project have We do this by: principles. accessed funds for training including Laws & Regulations • employing a large number There are a range of things we do MCJV and East Coast Pipelines. of workers; to share economic value with our Some construction contractors are The Australian Industry • creating demand for and stakeholders. The online Industry accessing training funds directly Participation Plan, and Australia procuring goods and services Capability Network (ICN) allows through CSQ, for example Bechtel Pacific LNG’s Environmental Impact from suppliers; potential suppliers to register and Leighton Contractors. Statement guide the ways we

create value from our activities. • paying taxes and royalties; and interest in the project and access Substantial employment opportunities • investing in infrastructure and information on tender opportunities. have been created through the Our Additional Actions regional development during Currently, there are 1,920 suppliers project, and this is benefiting many both the construction and registered, with 50 per cent regional communities. Currently, the We employ a dedicated Local operation of projects. identifying Queensland as their project is at the peak of construction Content Team, hold regular primary location. The ICN employing approximately 10,000 supplier information sessions, and We also contribute financially to complements our dedicated people. Once complete, the operations our Tier Barometer Assessment the communities where we Australia Pacific LNG website, will provide ongoing employment Tool helps suppliers assess their operate by tailoring our investment advertising employment for approximately 1,000 people. capabilities and what they need to match the unique needs of opportunities and our community Our Skills Scholarship Program, now to do to

Page 417 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. tender for work. each community. commitments. in its seventh year, provides financial Our Approach Local projects, local businesses We employ a dedicated Local support to local apprentices to build While we contribute to each Content Team, which works with and retain a range of skills needed A Local Content Strategy community where we operate, and educates suppliers on how to in key gasfield and pipeline guides how we create currently our biggest contribution become part of the supply team, communities including Miles and opportunities for local business is through the Australia Pacific LNG while the Building Regional Chinchilla. We partner with local to participate in the Australia project. The nature and size of the Capability Program ensures local businesses, such as hairdressers, Pacific LNG project. project connects us with many suppliers are competitive and registered clubs and local mechanics therefore in the best position to to provide apprentices with up to Our Performance communities across Queensland, as well as bringing together regional compete for work with the project. $13,500 (before tax) in scholarship 10,000+ currently employed on suppliers throughout the Surat Supplier Information Sessions also payments to help with their training the Australia Pacific LNG project. region, a large engineering and improve understanding of our costs while they complete their

training in the local area. Since it $1.35 million provided to support support base in Brisbane, and supply procurement processes and apprentices in communities chain partners in most Australian showcase opportunities for began in 2007, the program has

provided more than 100 scholarships surrounding the project since 2007. states and territories. We believe businesses to participate. A total of that our success relies on an ability 4,700 people have attended 41 to the value of $1.35 million. to build a competitive local supplier supplier information sessions in nine base, deliver lasting socio-economic council areas including: Maranoa, benefits and develop local talent. Western Downs, Biloela, In 2009, the project developed an Toowoomba, Gladstone, Miles, Australia Industry Participation Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne. (AIP) Plan in accordance with the At June 2013, $12.33 billion had been requirements of the Enhanced Project By-Law Scheme. In August 2012, an

More than AusIndustry determination was made indicating that the project’s which has occurred in Australia. $12.3 billion has AIP Plan had been successfully implemented. In November 2010, Lasting value We have established the Tier

been spent on the Queensland Government Coordinator–General’s report on Barometer Assessment Tool, which helps potential suppliers measure

goods and the project’s EIS, recommended the development of a Local Content their capability and the tool can also create a roadmap showing the

services across Strategy for the life of the project that is consistent with the principles additional skills and training that may be needed to successfully

the entire of the AIP Plan. tender for work. To date, 875 suppliers have used the Tier

Australia Pacific Barometer Assessment Tool to assess their position along the

LNG project, the project’s supply chain.

majority of which

has occurred

in Australia.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 27

Providing skills to communities 11:36am Our Skills Scholarship Program provides financial support to local apprentices like Shannen MacDonnell to build and retain a range of skills needed in regional communities.

A key issue facing local communities Our scholarships are designed to Shannen is a school-based across regional Queensland is the help people realise ambitions, apprentice with Roma business O&G ability to retain school leavers in kick start careers, and ease training Joinery and is studying Certificate III the area. costs by offering a financial in Cabinetmaking and was very While there is a desire to stay local, incentive to individuals who take pleased to win the scholarship. they sometimes need to leave for up a trade and the local businesses “It will really help me throughout bigger cities in search of training, who employ them. my apprenticeship with costs and job and career opportunities. Since being introduced in 2007, transport – when I finish school I’ll With input from local community the program has provided more have to start paying board at home,” members and businesses, Origin than 100 scholarships across school Shannen said. developed the Community Skills based, mature age and indigenous Proud parents Kelly and Terry said Scholarship program in Queensland, males and females to the value of the fact that all their children had Watch more where our biggest project the $1.35 million. Scholarships in a range won scholarships and were able to online Australia Pacific LNG project, of professions have been awarded

including chefs, electricians,

find work locally helped them to stay is located. in their local community.

hairdressers, carpenters and

“The scholarship is great for young

gardeners, giving skills and jobs

to the next generation of workers

been really good for us as a family,”

in local communities.

Mrs MacDonnell said.

The MacDonnell family from Roma

are a great example of how the

program works, with 17 year old

Shannen joining her older brothers

Scott, 19, and Ashley, 21, as previous

scholarship winners.

28 Energy developments Origin is the leading Australian energy provider. We have Delivering 4.3 million customer accounts across electricity, natural energy gas and LPG. We are also one of the largest power generators, representing approximately 13 per cent of total National Electricity Market (NEM) capacity.

We therefore play an important A national framework for Additionally, the Origin Sales role in the delivery of reliable, consumer protection Capability Framework (OSC) has Customer care at a glance affordable and cleaner energy The provision of energy in Australia been specifically developed to Our Purpose supply which millions of is highly regulated, and includes the support our sales teams to ensure

Deliver a positive customer households rely on every day. National Energy Retail Law, National they have the right skills, processes

experience by understanding Energy Retail Rules and National and resources to deliver sales

and meeting their energy needs, Over the past year, we faced some Energy Retail Regulations. From 1 July excellence. The framework provides

and providing efficient and social challenges in the delivery of 2012, the Australian Energy Regulator us with an organisation-wide sales

effective service. energy, particularly as we sought took over national responsibility for language and standards. to help our customers manage consumer protections under the Collectively, these initiatives helped Laws & Regulations

Page 421 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. rising costs. This created a range National Energy Customer Framework to deliver a 5 per cent improvement of associated challenges for our National Law has established a (Customer Framework), replacing in customer satisfaction for 2013, business, including the delivery competitive market for electricity previous state and territory when compared to the prior year. of competitive tariffs and offers, and gas, with additional consumer responsibilities. The Customer assisting those in hardship and Providing greater choice in protections in the National Framework sets out key protections improving customer service. products and services Electricity Customer Framework. and obligations for energy customers and the businesses they buy their Our Care and Sales teams work to Our Additional Actions Customer care energy from, including the provision understand our customers’ needs of financial hardship programs, and match them to the appropriate We have best practice Meeting our customers’ needs processes to simplify customers’ regulations related to credit, products and services. By listening to Like all large customer-facing collections and disconnections, and our customers, understanding their dealings with us, and our businesses, Origin’s success relies on disclosures around energy prices, needs and using this to drive product front-line people are specially our ability to understand and respond terms and conditions. innovation, we have developed the trained to manage special needs to our customers’ needs, and to leading portfolio of efficient and low and financial hardship. South Australia, the Australian provide efficient and effective service. carbon energy solutions in Australia. Capital Territory and New South Our Approach In recent years, we have sought to Wales have commenced operating enhance our ability to achieve these under the new framework, while We evaluate a customer’s objectives by upgrading to a new Victoria is expected to standardise individual needs and match

Page 422 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. SAP-based billing and customer the framework with existing retail them to the right product relationship management system. codes in early 2014. Queensland has Our leadership and solutions, including We experienced short-term implementation challenges this year, indicated plans to adopt the framework during 2014. in low carbon billing and payment options.

Our Performance which resulted in billing delays affecting some customers. Late bills Over and above legislation and regulatory requirements, Origin has

energy Customer satisfaction peaked at 180,000 in September 2012, but improved to 24,000 by year end, implemented Best Practice solutions improved 5% compared Procedures (BPPs) across our Contact with the prior year. in line with the historical average. Centres to simplify, standardise and • Largest green energy provider We recorded 8.0 Ombudsman We now have a platform to simplify improve the customer experience. with 690,640 customers on complaints per 1,000 customers. our processes, more effectively The BPPs include standard steps and GreenPower or Green Gas manage enquiries from our tips to handle customer payments, products. customers, and offer new and more moves and cancellations, account targeted products and services with • Installed 10,560 rooftop solar maintenance, high bills and price the objective of building better, photovoltaic systems across comparisons. They were designed longer-term relationships. Australia in the 2013 financial by our front-line employees, and Approximately 3.3 million customers year with a capacity of 30 MW. provide a consistent framework to are now being serviced on our billing enable us to minimise the effort that • First to introduce a residential and customer management system, customers need to expend

Page 423 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. when and business solution for and by the end of October 2013 all dealing with us, and empower charging electric vehicles. residential, as well as small and front-line staff to resolve calls in the medium business customers will first instance. Adherence to the BPPs have been migrated to this platform. is supported by training and coaching by team leaders. Origin’s front line customer service teams are trained to identify any Customer satisfaction special needs. This includes identifying customers who rely on life support equipment, and undertaking the necessary steps to manage these circumstances in line with applicable regulations and our duty of care. 5% Improvement

in 2013

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 29

In Australia there is a mixture of tariffs determined by regulators and retailers. 10:27am A customer calls our call centre, and one of our employees uses our Best Practice Procedures to quickly resolve their query.

We also seek to lead in the provision The level of Ombudsman complaints Setting tariffs for long-term of energy efficiency advice and rose compared to the previous year, sustainable outcomes products, with our efforts promoted from 7.2 per 1,000 customers, to In the markets in which Origin to our customers via a number of 8.0 per 1,000 customers. A key driver sells energy in Australia, there is channels including bill inserts, our of the increase was that a significant a mixture of tariffs determined website and energy ambassadors. number of our customers in New by regulators (regulated tariffs) The implementation of our new South Wales were migrated to our and tariffs determined by

Page 424 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. retailers SAP system has also provided new new billing system and therefore (deregulated tariffs). capabilities to deliver innovative some experienced late bills. Release products and services including of these late bills within a short Deregulated tariffs online self-service and e- Billing. period of time also led to a spike The process by which we determine This is already simplifying customers’ in calls to our contact centre, with our deregulated tariffs is an Listen to experience in dealing with us, and pressure on capacity to maintain our

service commitments. We continue

important element of our retail a podcast among other things allows them to manage their accounts and payments to address the underlying causes of

business. The tariffs we set for our

residential and business customers, about online in a secure environment, and the complaints and also to enhance typically expressed as cents per

our ability to resolve disputes. customer review energy usage, in their own time without the need to receive The rate of increase in energy costs

kilowatt hour for electricity or cents

per megajoule for gas, are determined care online the traditional paper bill. (see Addressing energy affordability by considering several elements.

section) continues to drive customer These include the costs to generate Working with customers complaints providing further energy, to supply it to homes and to resolve issues rationale for our efforts to inform businesses via networks, as well as Opportunities for proactive and empower customers through the retail costs to service customers. identification and resolution of initiatives like Energy Explorer, a We believe our stakeholders are current or potential disputes with website explaining in simple terms best served over the long-term by customers are embedded within how energy is sourced, produced, the setting of sustainable

Page 425 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. tariffs, our customer management system. delivered to customers and the which consider long-term energy Complaint Resolution Performance drivers of price increases. procurement costs, future Training forms part of a thorough investments in generation training framework to equip our Overcoming barriers to contact

required, and provision of an Customer Service Agents with the For customers from a non-English improved range of products and right skills and knowledge to meet speaking background, or those who services to customers. customer needs. may have a disability which makes

direct contact with Origin more At the same time, we should be If not satisfied with the outcome – allowed to make an appropriate or indeed at any point – the customer difficult, we:

return, reflecting our investment may refer the dispute to the relevant • employ a number of multilingual and performance. Ombudsman in their respective state. staff, and for the Power On The Ombudsman can either open an hardship program ensure access enquiry case or an investigation case. to multilingual financial An enquiry case is where Origin and counselling and energy auditors; the customer work together towards • print Interpreter service contact resolving the dispute. details on bills in seven languages; For more complex matters, the and Ombudsman may seek a written • provide large print and online resolution. From this point forward versions of bills to assist low vision the process is very much one customers. mandated by the Ombudsman acting under its charter.

30 Delivering energy

The electricity and gas markets are Addressing Energy

Page 426 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Solutions to give customers highly regulated, and so even where affordability greater control Energy affordability retailers set tariffs without oversight at a glance The challenge Key to Origin’s ability to understand by regulators, there are still and respond to our customers’ Our Purpose substantial compliance requirements Energy is an essential service which consumers and businesses rely on energy affordability needs is the way Empower customers to control for notifying regulators, including we capture, interpret and act on the every day to light homes, and power their energy use and costs by posting information to their information they provide. We have industry. Historically, Australia has providing relevant and practical comparison sites, and communicating introduced new processes across our enjoyed among the cheapest energy solutions, and support those price changes to customers. We are Contact Centres, based on industry prices in the developed world, largely in hardship. also proactive in keeping other key best practice, which have enabled us stakeholders informed, particularly due to our access to abundant natural resources. to simplify customer engagement, Laws & Regulations governments and regulators. ensure our agents can resolve most To ensure compliance, as well as Customers’ ability to manage their National Law has established a

issues quickly, and that more deliver on our own additional due energy payments is influenced by competitive energy market, with

complex or sensitive matters are care commitment, we have many factors including the frequency additional consumer protections in

effectively managed by specialist established a Markets Strategy and timing of bills combined with the National Electricity Customer

Page 427 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. teams within the business. Committee. The role of this demands on household budgets. Framework. When customers receive a bill they Over a number of years Origin has Committee is to protect the integrity been undertaking research to better Our Additional Actions of our pricing model and ensure the were not expecting, either due to cost or timing, it’s commonly understand the customer experience required analysis and stakeholder We have created online tools referred to as ‘bill shock’. and particularly energy affordability. consultation takes place before such as Energy Explorer, My Account, tariffs reach the marketplace. Prices have significantly increased There are four ways which we Energy Manager and Energy over the past five years, driven currently help customers address Monitor to provide customers Regulated tariffs mainly by investment in the poles energy affordability: greater visibility and control. Where tariffs are subject to and wires networks that transport 1. Better informing customers regulation, such as in Queensland electricity, as well as climate change Our Approach and New South Wales, Origin models policies designed to help Australia In the past year, we have increased

We seek to avoid bill surprises tariffs according to the methodology reduce its carbon emissions. As a our efforts to explain to customers

through increased knowledge prescribed by the regulator in result, energy affordability has the structure of the energy industry

and visibility, and appropriate New South Wales and receives become an important issue for an and the drivers of price increases.

payment options. actual end tariffs from the regulator increasing number of our customers. This was supported by research in Queensland. We also provide input The focus of our efforts has been indicating that most customers do Our Performance to their decision making process to put control back into customers’ not know why their energy prices

have risen so substantially. 60,000 Victorian customers through formal submissions. hands. We do this by informing

In May, we launched an upgrade have access to detailed

to how we communicate via digital consumption data through published in the Government Gazette increases through initiatives like

channels, driven by the premise ‘Energy Manager’. and/or advertised as a public notice Energy Explorer, and solutions and services that enable greater visibility ‘Knowledge is Power’. We created 17,600+ customers in financial in major state newspapers. We of energy use and costs like Origin an online information portal – hardship being assisted. inform customers of price changes directly through bill messages or Energy Manager and My Account. Energy Explorer – which contains direct mail. There is also a particular set of easy to understand information on challenges for vulnerable customers a range of energy topics, including Offers who may be experiencing financial price increases. This represents a Our offers to customers consist of hardship, and we have a specialist change in how we engage with a tariff as well as other features. team to identify and manage consumers, and it was evident in Some products such as eSaver and these scenarios through our the response that there is a genuine Daily Saver Plus may include discounts Power On program. hunger for information about against standard rates, with energy. This activity is discussed in conditions specifying a minimum more detail in a story on page 33.

term. FlexiChoice allows customers to choose the term of their contract without being subject to exit fees. A fixed rate product, RateFreeze, offers customers the choice to lock We have in their tariff for a two-year term.

increased our

efforts to explain

the energy

industry and

drivers of price

increases.

11:50am Customers access our Origin Energy Manager to check in on their energy use and costs.

Costs reflected in your 2. Providing greater visibility 3. Offering Payment plans At the end of the 2013 financial year, electricity bill and control We offer a range of different 17,615 customers in financial Although not all bills are the same, In August 2012 we introduced products to help customers manage hardship were being supported. Of generally, they cover the following costs: Australia’s first mass- market energy their energy costs. For example, these, 12,008 were being financially management solution to our EasiPay helps take the surprise out supported through Power On, an customers in Victoria. Origin Energy of bills, by averaging out usage over increase from 11,310 in the prior year. Manager helps customers better a 12 month period. Customers can A further 4,623 customers were understand and manage their energy set up their account to pay either being supported through Country 10% Energy’s hardship program and a use. Customers in Victoria with a fully monthly, fortnightly or weekly operational smart meter can view instalments by direct debit – instead further 984 Integral Energy 15% customers in Queensland were their energy use online and by using of the standard quarterly bill and this information, learn how they can payment. This ensures a smooth being supported on a hardship Costs 45% program. As these customers have save energy in near real time. billing cycle, with more regular, 10% smaller payments that can help not yet been migrated to Origin’s This year, we went a step further, billing system, their hardship offering eligible customers in Victoria with budget management.

requirements are still managed a free in-home Energy Monitor through the legacy systems. Origin’s

Page 430 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 20% 4. Assisting those in hardship which provides information about hardship program and our payment energy use and costs at the touch of We are required by law to design,

implement and maintain a customer support through Power On amounted a button. We also recently introduced to more than $4.4 million in 2013 on My Account a feature that enables hardship program, which is approved Networks: Paying for the maintenance, by the Australian Energy Regulator. through a combination of incentive our customers in other states to payment plans and energy efficiency upgrading and operation of the poles We operate a mature and robust and wires. understand and manage energy use programs. We also carried out more through establishment of a home program called Power On, which Generators: The cost of generating

identifies and responds to customers than 900 home energy audits, electricity. profile. Collectively, these solutions assisting our customers to identify are providing customers with experiencing financial difficulty. Retail services: Managing your accounts,

Power On offers short-term relief, energy saving opportunities and billing and customer service. unprecedented visibility of how and providing more than $75,000 worth where they use energy in the home. payment flexibility and guidance Government green schemes: The of energy efficiency items including national carbon price; Renewable Energy to help manage energy costs. Our The introduction of flexible pricing retrofits and replacement appliances. Target and other state-based schemes Customer Advocacy team also options in Victoria in September 2013, We have trained our front-line such as solar feed-in-tariffs. ensures the customer is aware of, will leverage customer visibility employees

Page 431 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. to better identify GST: The goods and services tax. and able to access relevant of their energy use, and incentivise customers who are experiencing

concessions and grants available customers to use electricity at financial hardship. They ask specific

in each state. In recent years, the different times so they can benefit questions which helps ensure finite

number of disconnections for from cheaper tariffs. financial support is directed to those

non-payment has risen, but so On a macro level, it also helps reduce too has the number of customers most in need. the pressure on the system during we are actively assisting with times of peak demand, and can payment support. Customers being assisted therefore help delay the need for through hardship programs(1) new investment in the electricity network. This could alleviate one 2013 2012 2011 of the factors putting upward

17,615 11,310 8,537 pressure on energy prices. Discover To date, Victoria is the only state (1) 2012 and 2011 exclude Country and more online that has rolled out smart meters Integral Energy customers. on a large scale. Other states and territories have varying plans and support for smart meters.

32 Delivering energy

When it comes to energy, knowledge really is power

07:00am

We started handing out almost

nine million Origin Energy Tales

to customers on 1 May,

with bite-sized pieces of

information about energy.

About half of all Australians have We created Origin Energy Tales, Energy Explorer remains a popular sought more information on energy, presenting bite-sized pieces of source of interesting energy but relied on a Google search and information about energy on information, simply presented and not their energy provider, according wrappers containing chewy available to anyone looking to learn to research commissioned by Origin caramels. Each of the 25 stories more about energy in Australia. earlier this year. was designed to entertain and And as for Australia’s conversation inform, while revealing a different This made us realise that the energy industry has not done the best job fact about Australia’s energy

about energy; it’s only just begun.

For more information

Our new industry. The campaign aimed to in engaging with consumers. We decided this has to change. encourage Australians to start an

originenergy.com.au/energyexplorer

knowledgeispower.com.au

knowledge hub energy conversation. On 1 May 2013, we launched an upgrade to the way we communicate Origin Energy Tales were distributed

Energy Explorer information via digital media channels, which are now the preferred at many major CBD and metropolitan

provides information resource for a large number of people. and generated a social media buzz. Around nine million Origin Energy interesting Our activity included an interactive Tales were distributed over two weeks and more than 65,000 people energy

campaign based on the premise ‘Knowledge is Power’, which puts energy information directly in the

visited the campaign website over a six week period. information hands of Australians. Underpinning the campaign was the creation of Energy Explorer, our

through clear online energy knowledge hub. Energy Explorer provides interesting

explanations, and up to date energy information through a mix of clear and simple

diagrams and explanations, diagrams, videos and links to other material from around

videos. the world. Topics covered include energy pricing, climate change and managing energy use.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 33

Helping customers take control 09:09am A Victorian family uses their Energy Monitor to get instant information about their energy use in the home.

Media, politicians and customers Accessed securely via the internet, Origin Energy Manager and the have all been talking about the Origin Energy Manager enables Energy Monitor are complementary rising cost of electricity over the residential customers to: products, each offering different past 12 months. Our own research • view electricity used as recently as insights to help customers with shows that customers want more 24 hours ago, with data collected visibility and control of their energy information about how they can in 30 minute increments and usage. Both are dependent on the control energy costs. presented hourly. That creates availability of smart meters of which To help, Origin launched Origin a usage profile from 48 reads a two million had been installed in Energy Manager at the end of 2012 day or 17,520 reads per year, versus Victoria at the end of May 2013. in Victoria – the first residential the traditional four bill periods Origin Energy Manager is available solution to provide customers with each year; for free within Origin’s My Account detailed usage and cost breakdowns, • receive an indicative projection of online self service tool for eligible Discover as well as future bill estimates. their next electricity bill based on Victorian customers. The Origin more online their current usage and individual

tariff structure;

Energy Monitor is exclusive to

Origin, and is provided at no

• set an energy budget and additional cost to eligible Victorian

measure progress towards an customers who take up and remain

energy saving goal; and on the Origin Smart Daily

Energy Plan for 12 months. We are giving • create a personalised energy

savings plan to assist in reaching our customers goals, including a range of energy

efficiency tips. unprecedented During the year, eligible Victorian

customers were also the first to get visibility of energy access to Energy Monitor – a device

that displays information about use and costs. energy use and cost within seconds.

The size of a smart phone, Energy

Monitor sits magnetically on a

customer’s fridge and receives data

wirelessly from their smart meter.

34 Delivering energy

05:13Pm

Our Darling Downs combined

gas-fired power station is one of

the cleanest baseload power

stations in Australia in terms of

carbon emissions.

Power emissions

at a glance

Our Purpose Emissions from power Reporting our emissions Government. As Origin is the liable Closely manage, measure and generation Emissions reporting is highly entity for these power stations report the emissions associated with regulated in Australia in line with the under the Clean Energy Act, we have our power

Page 436 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. generation activities. Managing our emissions Intergovernmental Panel on Climate included the emissions in our report As one of the largest power this year. We have also restated last Laws & Regulations generators in Australia accounting Change (IPCC) reporting framework. Origin is required to comply with year’s emissions to reflect the for approximately 13 per cent of total emissions of those assets in the Emissions reporting is highly NEM capacity, the emission of several pieces of Commonwealth regulated at a national level, and and state regulation including The prior year. greenhouse gases into the atmosphere includes the National Greenhouse National Greenhouse and Energy The inclusion of Eraring Power and Energy Reporting Act 2007 and is an important environmental Reporting Act 2007 (NGER Act) Station and Shoalhaven Scheme the Clean Energy Act 2011. consideration for our business. While and The Clean Energy Act 2011. increased Origin’s emissions the reliable supply of energy underpins In managing this process we engage intensity. Without these power Our Additional Actions our modern economy and standard third party auditors to provide stations, Origin’s emissions intensity of living, burning natural gas or coal Each year we voluntarily report assurance over emissions data. would have been 0.47 tCO2-e/MWh. to generate electricity also creates our emissions to CDP and have been The Clean Energy Act and the NGER The emissions intensity of Origin’s emissions that impact on our climate. doing so since 2007. Act are both central elements of the portfolio continues to compare We therefore closely manage and Australian Government’s policy favourably to the NEM average of monitor the emissions associated Our Approach response to climate change. We talk 0.87 tCO2-e/MWh. with our power generation. more about these policies on page 43. We have built a portfolio of

Page 437 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Other reporting low carbon power generation Cleaner forms of power During the year, output from our generation Under the National Pollution assets including natural gas and portfolio of generation assets Inventory Scheme (NPI), Origin is wind with an emissions intensity Origin’s 6,010 MW of power increased by 7 per cent, from also required to report annually on below the NEM average. generation is diverse across fuels, 15.7 TWh to 16.8 TWh. This reflects its oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and including natural gas, black coal, higher output from all of our Our Performance

sulphur (SOx). NPI reporting for all wind and hydro. Over time, we have peaking plants given constraints generation sites is undertaken and Emissions intensity of built our portfolio to manage risks in the market, partly offset by centrally coordinated by the 0.74 tCO2-e/MWh is below the associated with progress towards lower output from Darling Downs environmental team within our NEM average of 0.87 tCO2-e/MWh. lower carbon energy supply, and and Eraring Power Station, which Energy Markets business. as a result the emissions intensity experienced extended outages. of our power generation activities Origin is also a participant in CDP, The increase in generation output an international, not-for-profit has historically been below the impacted the level of greenhouse NEM average. organisation providing the only gas emissions produced for the year. global system for companies and Origin operates a wind farm which Emissions from power generation cities to measure, disclose, manage produces energy with zero emissions, increased from 11.77 Mt CO2-e to and share vital environmental and has several other power stations fuelled by natural gas, which is 12.40 Mt CO2-e. The emissions intensity of our power

information. We have been

reporting our carbon data to CDP

Over time, considerably cleaner than coal. For example, Origin’s combined cycle generation was steady year on year

since 2007. Origin has built gas-fired power station Darling Downs has an emissions intensity first time Origin has included Eraring Power Station and Shoalhaven Scheme

a generation 0.42 tCO2-e/MWh, which is less than half of the most efficient coal-fired emissions in our Sustainability Report. While Origin did not assume

portfolio that is power station in Australia at Tarong in Queensland with an intensity of outright ownership of Eraring Energy until 1 August 2013, we owned the

less emissions 0.86 tCO2-e/MWh(1). It is also only about a third of the intensity of the output of the power stations for the 2013 financial year under the

intensive than average brown coal power station at 1.22 tCO2-e/MWh. previous GenTrader Arrangement with the New South Wales

the NEM average. (1) Source data based on sent-out production, from 2009 ACIL Tasman Report.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 35 Future Origin delivers energy today, and we also search energy and innovate to create tomorrow’s energy solutions. solutions We do this by exploring for and investing in new energy opportunities that will enable us to provide affordable, efficient and cleaner energy in the future. In considering the development of energy sources for the future,

Page 439 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. we are faced with social, economic and environmental challenges. Currently, the primary challenge we face is meeting society’s expectation for cleaner forms of energy, and the often competing objective of ensuring energy supply remains reliable and affordable for customers. Tomorrow’s energy The challenge society faces is to The IEA has projected that natural solutions make energy available as widely as gas demand will continue to grow. As well as delivering customers a possible so it supports sustainable In China alone, gas consumption is secure, reliable and affordable human development, while at the expected to increase from around supply of energy today, we continue same time lowering the carbon 130 billion cubic metres (bcm) in 2011 to carefully examine a range of emissions associated with energy to 545 bcm in 2035. Unconventional opportunities – both domestically supply to help address climate gas accounts for nearly half of the For the and further afield – that will enable us to create tomorrow’s energy

change. As an energy company,

we have an important role to play.

increase in global gas production to

2035, with most of this coming from foreseeable solutions. Natural gas

China, the United States and Australia.

Natural gas has been in use by We continue to progress a range of future, natural future energy opportunities, with a

Origin has extensive experience

in the development of both

societies for more than a century.

Recently, unconventional natural primary focus on natural gas

conventional and unconventional

natural gas resources in Australia

gas – gas that has previously been

inaccessible by conventional and geothermal. to play a critical Meeting the world’s growing

and New Zealand. We are

increasingly looking to apply this

methods – has become economically

viable, a phenomenon starkly role in the world’s demand for energy knowledge to new opportunities

in Australia, New Zealand and

observed in the United States. The

development of shale gas resources Energy is the cornerstone of human energy supply. development. History has shown

internationally.

For the foreseeable future, natural

in particular has created substantial

social and economic benefits in that societies with access to a reliable and affordable energy gas will continue to play a critical the form of jobs and investment. supply grow and prosper. This critical role in the world’s energy supply. As The gas is also being used for power role of energy in society is evidenced a cleaner burning fuel, it produces generation, displacing more emissions by the continued growth in global up to 70 per cent less carbon intensive coal- fired generation. energy demand. emissions than coal, when used for This has been a major contributor

power generation. to probably the most significant In its 2012 World Energy

Page 441 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Outlook, the carbon reduction achievement in the IEA forecast global energy demand world. Emissions from electricity to grow by more than one third in generation in the US have declined the period to 2035, with China, India by more than 10 per cent from and the Middle East accounting for 2007 to 2011. Increased use of gas for 60 per cent of the increase. Despite power generation helped total US the growth in low carbon sources carbon emissions decline by 550 million of energy, fossil fuels are expected tonnes in that four year period, from to remain significant in the global 7,250 MtCO2-e to 6,700 MtCO2-e (1). energy mix. This is equivalent to the carbon Natural gas

emissions of Australia’s total economy. UP to 70 % Less emissions from natural gas than coal when used for power generation.

(1) EPA 2013.

36 Future energy solutions

09:40am

Through our interest in Energía

Andina S.A., we have a portfolio of

12 geothermal exploration

projects across northern and

central Chile. Against this global context, Origin Collectively, these opportunities Origin’s hydro opportunities are being will continue to pursue natural gas position Origin strongly to help meet developed through Energía Austral, opportunities for the future. Within the growing global demand for one of Chile’s leading hydroelectric Australia, this includes the Ironbark cleaner, transportable natural gas. development companies in which CSG project in Queensland, and the

Page 442 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. we have a 51 per cent interest. After Halladale Black Watch conventional Renewable energy opportunities the close of the reporting period, gas project in Victoria, both of which In Australia, Origin continues to Energía Austral received unanimous continue to be progressed towards progress towards a final investment approval for its Cuervo hydro project final investment decisions in the decision for the Stockyard Hill Wind from the Aysén Environment medium-term. In order to grow Farm in Victoria. When developed, Evaluation Commission. This is an our gas reserves position, we are this will be one of the largest wind important milestone in the ongoing undertaking targeted exploration farms in Australia. development of the project towards opportunities in the Bowen and Origin is also developing a select a final investment decision, however Surat basins in Queensland, the portfolio of renewable energy the project now enters a period of Cooper/Eromanga basins in Central opportunities in international appeal and so there remains the Australia, the Otway Basin Offshore markets with a primary focus on possibility this approval may be Victoria and the Bonaparte Basin Chile, which boasts both strong challenged by certain stakeholders. in waters off the Northern Territory. renewable resource potential and Consistent with our strategic focus, Theses opportunities will be in growing demand for energy. Origin is also evaluating a geothermal a mix of both conventional and opportunity in Indonesia. Learn unconventional targets. In Chile, the rapidly expanding economy is heavily reliant on more at originenergy.com.au Internationally, we are also undertaking a targeted program of imported fossil fuels despite the exploration activities in New Zealand, country having potential for Vietnam, Kenya and Botswana. geothermal and large-scale hydro development that could deliver energy security , and provide Chile The International with a strong forward path to achieving sustainable energy output. Origin, along with our joint venture

Energy Agency partners, is pursuing hydro and geothermal opportunities that if

forecast global realised will bring real

energy demand to the nation. to grow by

more than

one third in the

period to 2035.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 37 managing Origin is a large business, which employs approximately our business 6,000 people predominantly across Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. We employ a similar number of contractors on our various energy developments. There are a number of activities Our self-imposed performance These rules address the causes of we need to do well in order to requirements have been determined 35 per cent of the potentially serious ensure effective management of by considering legislation, regulation or catastrophic incidents in our our business. This includes activities and industry standards, and the business and we are putting associated with our finance, legal, performance outcomes of peer considerable effort into embedding information technology, people organisations who undertake them across our workforce through Safety at a glance and culture, public policy and similar tasks. These performance a range of leadership, training and other corporate functions. requirements are then reflected in communication activities. The Life Our Purpose a range of business-wide standards, Saving Rules are designed to hold The activities currently most Directives and Toolkits to guide people to account for their actions, Ensure the health and safety of safe behaviour. and violation of them can carry serious important to the effective employees and contractors and consequences, including possible

Page 444 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. management of our business, Our employees and contractors face create a zero harm workplace. termination of employment. are the safety of our people, the considerable risks when they do Laws & Regulations Company’s financial performance, work on our behalf. During the year, To further encourage a culture and our efforts to improve gender two contractors working for Stena behaviours that will help prevent Health and safety is highly diversity and advocating for Drilling lost their lives in an incident future injuries, we continued our governed, and we follow industry efficient and effective policy on the Stena Clyde drilling rig, which practice of observations. Observations specific codes including the settings from governments. was drilling a well on Origin’s behalf are acknowledged as a leading Queensland Petroleum & Gas in the Otway Basin. indicator of safety performance, (Production and Safety) Act 2004. and accordingly we set a target of Keeping our Our safety result, which we define people safe as our performance against the 30,000 for the year. For 2013, we Our Additional Actions

Company-wide Total Recordable exceeded our target and logged Employees are incentivised Why safety is important more than 45,000 observations, on

Injury Frequency Rate (TRIFR), to have regular safety At Origin, safety is our first priority. topics such as working safely from

measures our success in reducing conversations with each other We have an overriding duty to ensure heights, stopping work if the

the number of work-related injuries which we call ‘observations’. that our employees and contractors environment appears unsafe and

and marks our progress towards our return home safely every day. the dangers of driving at dusk in

ultimate aspiration of zero harm. Our Approach Given the nature of our business unfamiliar locations. As we met the

This year we recorded a TRIFR of 6.7, We are building a culture that which requires the use of heavy annual safety performance target

a 15 per cent improvement on our rewards safe behaviours and equipment, land, air and sea travel we granted $1,000 in shares to each

previous year’s TRIFR of 7.9 (1). This encourages speaking up for safety. and the operation of energy eligible employee under our

progress reflects our collective effort production facilities, we are Employee Share Plan.

on safety, and the effect of some new Our Performance constantly reminded of the inherent Looking forward, we are focusing

initiatives introduced to help drive risks faced by our people, and those on increasing the quality of the 45,946 observations recorded improved performance, even though who do work on our behalf. observations, and encouraging our in 2013. we fell short of our target of 6.0. Our ultimate objective is a zero employees to have conversations TRIFR 6.7, a 15% improvement Lost time cases track the severity of harm workplace for our employees with each other about safe and on prior year. injuries occurring in our business, by and contractors. unsafe behaviours.

measuring the injuries that resulted Creating a safety culture in an employee missing at least one Sharing with the community

full shift or workday. For the year, Given the importance of safety, a Safety is not only important for

there were 40 lost time cases and great deal of safe practice is mandated our business, we also look for

a total of 486 days of work lost, by government legislation, and we

equating to a lost time severity rate take great care to comply with knowledge with our stakeholders.

of 18.4 (total days of lost time case/ relevant legislation and regulations. We funded the establishment of

million hours worked). This is a

the Surat Basin Rotary Wing Aero Much of this regulation is industry substantial improvement on the

Medical Evacuation along with three specific. For example, the largest prior year, where there were 46 lost

other LNG projects in Queensland. energy development in which we time cases and a total of 658 days of

The service is used for emergencies are currently involved, the Australian work lost, equating to a severity rate

in remote areas in the Surat and Pacific LNG project, is governed by of 36.1. We recognise that we must

Bowen basins. In the past year, the the Queensland Petroleum & Gas have a determined and ongoing

service undertook 72 missions for Discover (Production & Safety) Act 2004. program of work to achieve our

the LNG projects and 54 missions more online safety goals. We introduced a new

safety campaign during the year to

for local communities.

assist. Our 11 Life Saving Rules set out

mandatory “dos and don’ts” to help

protect employees and contractors.

(1) TRIFR revised from 8.0 due to retrospective data updates.

38 Managing our business

08:19am

01. A Toolbox talk commences at

one of our sites in Queensland,

where our people share stories

on how to stay safe at work.

02. Our 11 Life Saving Rules. By focusing on what ‘Life Is’ all about, “It is everyone’s responsibility to 02 Origin has successfully introduced follow the Rules so they can go a set of Life Saving Rules designed home safely each day. Our role as a to keep people safe from harm. responsible employer is to make sure Within many industries, there are the Rules are clear, unambiguous activities where the smallest and embedded within our systems.” deviation from procedure could result During the roll-out of the Rules, in serious injury or death. Origin managers at every level were has identified 11 such activities and accountable for briefing their staff introduced clear procedures for and contractors and reinforcing the dealing with those activities. importance of individual The Life Saving Rules, launched responsibility for safety. Employees during our annual Safety Week, are and contractors were also reminded clear, unambiguous and mandatory of their authority to stop work if it is

unsafe, and that no task should be for all Origin employees and contractors working at sites under undertaken unless the person is The aim of our

trained and competent to complete Origin’s operational control in Australia and internationally. that task. Life Saving Rules General Manager Health,

These briefing sessions generated

positive conversations and increased is to protect and “The aim of our Life Saving Rules is to protect and prevent harm to

awareness of how the Rules applied

to individuals and their teams. Teams prevent harm people – we believe the rules can literally save a life.

identified any barriers to compliance,

which were subsequently addressed. to people. We “To support the roll-out, we launched a ‘Life Is’ campaign to

As failure to follow the rules could

lead to serious injury or death,

believe the rules reinforce the message that the reason we are safe is so we can go

breaches of the rules attract serious

consequences, up to and including

can literally home at the end of each working day and be with the people we love.

termination of employment. Every

breach is investigated and Origin’s

save a life.

disciplinary procedures and

consequence framework for

breaches are readily available for

all employees.

Life Saving Rules and icons © copyright International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 39 11:42am Managing our business requires us to buy and sell power, natural gas, coal and carbon emission-related products. When Australia Pacific LNG delivers first LNG by mid 2015, Origin expects

strong growth The total dividend payable to Future prospects Financial performance in earnings and The 2013 financial year was a more shareholders for the 2013 financial

year was 50 cps, in line with the 2012

The highly competitive environment challenging one for Origin. in the Energy Markets business in cash flow. In particular, a very competitive

financial year. The dividend franking

level for the year was 50 per cent

the 2013 financial year has resulted operating environment and the in a higher level of locked in discounts

compared with 100 per cent in the which will delay recovery of earnings impact of past regulatory decisions prior year. regarding electricity pricing hindered in the 2014 financial year. However, the performance of our Energy As a result of utilisation of available there are a number of improving Markets business. tax losses and the impact from trends that make us optimistic about

development projects, including our future prospects. Origin’s key financial indicators Australia Pacific LNG, the Company for the 2013 financial year were: In Energy Markets, we have stemmed

does not expect to have sufficient customer losses experienced in past • Statutory Profit of $378 million franking credits to frank the final periods, our investment in new decreased from $980 million in dividend. billing systems has started to drive the prior year. improved operational performance, • Underlying Profit of $760 million Strong business fundamentals

and our gas portfolio is positioned decreased from $893 million in Despite the challenges impacting to capitalise on rising demand for the prior year. Energy Markets during the period, natural gas. When Australia Pacific • Underlying EBITDA of $2.18 billion stronger contributions from all other LNG commences LNG production decreased from $2.26 billion in parts of Origin – including Exploration by mid 2015, Origin expects strong the prior year. & Production, LNG and Contact growth in earnings and cash flow • Underlying Earnings Per Share Energy – highlighted the Company’s to support the continued growth of 69.5 cents per share (cps) robust fundamentals. of the Company. decreased from 82.6 cps in the In addition, the Australia Pacific More details about Origin’s 2013 prior year. LNG project, in which Origin is financial performance can be found

a 37.5 per cent shareholder, made at reports.originenergy.com.au

significant progress during the year

and the project is on track to deliver

first LNG by mid 2015.

To support Origin’s Australia Pacific

LNG funding commitments, the

Company raised more than $5 billion

during the period to lengthen debt

maturities and improve its liquidity

position. In August 2013, Origin Funding Australia Pacific LNG entered into a new $7.4 billion bank

loan facility to refinance all existing

bank debt and establish the

$7.4bn New bank loan facility secured. Company’s funding position post completion of Australia Pacific LNG. 40 Managing our business

01:15Pm

Discussing flexible work

arrangements to suit

changing circumstances.

Gender diversity

at a glance

Our Purpose

Build a more diverse workplace,

with a focus on gender diversity,

to help Origin be more successful.

Laws & Regulations

Australian law governs the

fair treatment of workers achieving Gender However, at this time there are no Turnover of women in senior by eliminating unlawful diversity formal laws or regulations that govern professional and management roles discrimination, including by gender, the representation of women in the increased over the year, as did however there are no formal laws Diversity underpins successful workforce. As a result, there are a turnover of men in those roles. that govern representation of organisations number of things we do voluntarily Turnover of both men and women women in the workplace. At Origin, we believe in treating to increase the representation and in the remainder of our workforce our people fairly and equitably. equitable treatment of women also increased. One contributing Our Additional Actions We place gender at the heart of our at Origin. factor was the significant reduction diversity agenda. Women make up We have made publicly As part of these efforts, we have in headcount that occurred during roughly half of our society, roughly available three targets to improve committed publicly to three the year as we focused on reducing half of our customer base and at

Page 452 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. gender diversity at Origin. voluntary targets: costs. The percentage of women in Origin they make up 40 per cent senior professional and management • continue to deliver equal average Our Approach of our workforce. roles departing the Company as part pay for men and women at each Our Diversity Council, chaired We continue to focus on ensuring of this process was lower than the job grade; by Origin’s Managing Director, fair representation and equal equivalent percentage for men. treatment of women throughout • improve our retention of women, sets our gender diversity agenda

All of the operational Business all levels of our workforce. with a target to reduce our and our Diversity and Inclusion

Units (Energy Markets, LNG and turnover rate among women Policy guides our actions.

Exploration & Production) achieved Creating a fair and equitable in senior professional and

the targeted 15 per cent increase Our Performance workplace management roles by 15 per cent

in rate of appointment of women Australian law governs the fair in the 2014 financial year; and

to senior roles. Appointment of Appointments of women to treatment of workers, by preventing • increase the number of women in women to senior professional and senior roles jumped 15% over the and eliminating unlawful senior management, with a target year in our operational businesses.

management roles in the corporate discrimination and harassment to improve our rate of appointment

functions (Finance & Strategy, on the basis of a variety of factors, of women to senior professional

and Legal & Company Secretary), nationality, age, pregnancy, political cent in the 2014 financial year.

where in many cases women already affiliation and religious beliefs. Origin Our Diversity Council, chaired by the make up more than half the function, also has a Diversity and Inclusion Managing Director, meets regularly did not increase by 15 per cent. Policy that applies to all aspects of to oversee activity in the area of employment, and all employees. diversity and measure progress As at 30 June 2013, women represent Women at Origin against our stated targets. 22 per cent of the Board; 11 per cent

27 %

of the Executive Management Team; Our performance in 2013 27 per cent of professional and

management roles; and 40 per cent We believe that We have performed well across some, but not all of our target areas of all employees. treating our in the 2013 financial year. Once a year the Company undertakes a people fairly and comprehensive review of all aspects of remuneration. In the 2013

Women in professional and

management roles financial year the difference equitably will between male and female average pay at each job grade was within our 40% 22% 11% help Origin to be targeted range of 2 per cent, with Women in Women on Women in male average pay slightly higher at a more successful some levels and female average pay

Management slightly higher at others. Team organisation.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 41 Australia Pacific LNG financing recognised with awards

02:52pm 01. Work continues on Curtis Island, where we are building infrastructure which will help us meet the world’s growing energy needs. 02. The first of 69 LNG modules arrive at Curtis Island for use as the foundation structure for the project’s LNG trains and as supporting infrastructure.

At US$8.5 billion, the Australia Pacific For many banks, it was the first 02 LNG project financing was at the time they had assessed LNG risk time the largest project financing and for US EXIM, it represented its ever secured in Australia and second-largest single project represents a key component of the financing in history. financing of the $24.7 billion project. The ability to secure US$8.5 billion Reflecting the size and complexity in project finance from Australian of the transaction, it has won several and international lenders evidences finance industry awards, Best Project the strength and quality of the Finance Deal of the Year from project, the strength of the joint Finance Asia, Best Project Financing venture partners and financiers’ from Asia Money and Oil & Gas Deal confidence in the CSG to LNG Awards of Year in 2012 from Project Finance industry. The funding will help Best Project Finance Deal 2012.

International. Australia Pacific LNG to realise its Best Project Financing. The project finance facility provides planned investment. Oil & Gas Deal of the Year in 2012. funding for the downstream parts The project remains on track to of the project, including the LNG deliver first LNG by mid 2015, and

progressively drawn down throughout the construction period, up to the US$8.5 billion facility limit. The syndicated facility was signed in May 2012 by the Export-Import Bank of the United States (US EXIM), The Export- Import Bank of China (China EXIM), and a number of Australian and international commercial banks for 16 and 17 year terms. Australia Pacific LNG’s ability to secure long-term finance removed refinance risk from the project.

42 Managing our business

Contributing to At the same time, the price is not high Domestic gas supply effective policy enough to cause a change in the way Some gas users and their electricity is produced in Australia, representatives have voiced Ensuring sound, stable policy and coal-fired power still dominates concerns in the past year about the Origin operates across a number of the generation fuel mix. The change rising cost of natural gas. They have markets and jurisdictions, including in Government following the also expressed fear that there will Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Papua September 2013 election has created not be enough supply to meet New Guinea, Indonesia and the further uncertainty for the future domestic demand, therefore believe South Pacific. Our activities are of carbon pricing in Australia. The a portion should be reserved for conducted in accordance with a Coalition Government has vowed domestic use only. range of government policy and to repeal the carbon price in favour regulatory settings in relation to of a Direct Action policy, though the We believe the greatest economic energy supply and security, carbon, timing for this change and

Page 456 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. details benefits for Australia are realised environmental and planning approvals. of the Direct Action policy is as yet by allowing all resources, including unknown. We plan to actively natural gas, to flow to their highest Given the scale and complexity of value use. Policies that force producers our business, and the significant engage with government on the proposed Direct Action policy. to supply gas at a specified volume investment required to bring our and price are likely to decrease activities to market, they must be Renewable Energy Target Australia’s economic wealth. We also underpinned by sound, stable policy. believe that there is unlikely to be a Without commercially viable policy Origin has been a long- time supporter of the RET and continues shortage of gas supply on Australia’s settings we will not achieve a cost efficient energy system. As a result, to support the policy, including its central objective of promoting

east coast in the short-term. In

September 2013, we signed a Gas Climate change engagement with policy makers Supply Agreement with ESSO is an important part of managing development of renewable energy. The RET has support from the two Australia Resources PTY LTD and BHP is an important our business. Billiton Petroleum (Bass Strait) PTY In the past year, we have contributed major political parties. The objective of the policy is for 20 per cent of LTD to purchase up to 432 petajoules societal challenge, to many major policy discussions (PJ) of natural gas from Longford in in Australia, with the two primary Australia’s electricity to come from renewable sources by 2020. To Victoria, which supports our view and Australia focus areas being climate change; that there is sufficient gas supply. and domestic gas supply. achieve the RET, a fixed target of 45 TWh of renewable energy was Australia has the potential to create needs the Climate change policy set. The large-scale RET,

significant economic, environmental

and social benefits through greater appropriate Climate change is an important societal challenge, and Australia 41 TWh of the target and the small-scale RET, which supports

development of its substantial

natural gas resources. However we policy settings to needs the appropriate policy settings to drive emissions reductions. solar, is uncapped but has a notional 4 TWh target, currently being

face strong global competition and

a supportive market-based policy drive emissions In Australia, the two major Australian environment is necessary in order political parties both support a significantly exceeded. Our advocacy has centred on the for these benefits to be realised. reductions. 5 per cent emissions reduction on difference between the policy’s Origin’s policy efforts are focused 2000 levels by 2020. However, there intent and the practical way in on ensuring the best outcomes for is no agreed approach to achieving which it is operating and its impacts. Australia such as avoiding gas that objective. As a result, there Since the RET was created there has reservation. Instead we advocate continues to be major uncertainty been a substantial downward revision for policy settings that promote around how Australia’s emissions in total electricity consumption investment in exploration, to reductions target will be achieved. forecast for 2020, so to build the stimulate new supply to meet The two major Climate Change-driven targeted 41 TWh large- scale RET demand growth. policy instruments in Australia are and 4 TWh notional small- scale the Carbon Pricing Mechanism and Renewable Energy Scheme volume

Page 458 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. the Renewable Energy Target (RET). would mean that approximately Carbon Pricing Mechanism 28 per cent of Australia’s electricity The Carbon Pricing Mechanism would come from renewable sources, instead of the intended

3 key points came into effect at a fixed price of $23 per tonne of carbon emissions 20 per cent. As the leading energy provider in Australia, we have a

on domestic on 1 July 2012, and rose to $24.15 per tonne on 1 July 2013. While Origin responsibility to communicate how gas supply pursuing the original target in a is a long-time supporter of a market market with declining demand based price on carbon, in our policy 1. There are sufficient gas creates unintended consequences, reserves in the advocacy we pointed out that this including higher than necessary substantially exceeds the price in other well-integrated Eastern costs for consumers and businesses Australia market to supply major economies such as Europe or who ultimately bear the cost of the the United States. This creates a both future domestic and scheme. The NSW Independent international customers. disadvantage for Australian businesses Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal participating in global markets. reported that the RET will cost $102 2. Origin is strongly committed for an average electricity consumer to domestic gas markets in New South Wales in 2013-14. and we continue to

negotiate arrangements We believe more work must be done with our customers for to understand the true costs of the future gas supply. scheme, and its impacts on electricity market stability. If these 3. The Government has a factors are not well understood, critical role in facilitating

Page 459 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. we could be locking Australia into the development of gas considerably higher future electricity reserves with resulting costs than necessary. economic, environment

and social benefits.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 43 Value At Origin, we strive to grow our business and create distribution value to share sustainably with all of our stakeholders. In previous sections of this report we Of the total $15.1 billion distributed This year, we distributed $6 million have discussed in detail how we are in the past year, $1.1 billion was to communities as measured by managing the activities which are of distributed to capital providers the methodology of the LBG, which most interest to our stakeholders and through interest and dividend was a $1 million increase on the prior our business, at this point in time. payments, compared to $929 million year. We invest to support initiatives In this section, we discuss our results in the prior year. This is due to an of importance in local communities in the form of the value we distribute increase in borrowings and reduction around our operations and to stakeholders. of $77 million in capitalised interest developments; however just over In the 2013 financial year, we predominantly associated with half of the $6 million was awarded delivered a substantial increase Mortlake Power Station being through the Origin Foundation. in the gross value we distributed commissioned in August 2012. The Foundation funds grants to our stakeholders. We distributed We also distribute value to our towards educated-related initiatives $15.1 billion in value, up from employees through wages and to provide a pathway to employment $13.1 billion in the prior year. benefits and seek to attract and and financial stability, as well as

retain high quality and skilled matching donations made by Origin

people. Our remuneration is employees to charities of their report our gross value distribution

competitively benchmarked against choice, and coordinating the time to align with the Global Reporting

more than 300 companies. Our value and skills Origin people volunteer Initiative’s new G4 guidelines. Net

distribution to employees increased with our charitable partners. expenses, which were previously included as part of our gross value this year to $746 million, from

Additional value created, have now been included $665 million in the prior year. This

year we granted $1,000 in shares to In addition to the gross value we in our gross value distributed. As a

each eligible employee under our distribute, there are also other result, 2012 gross value distribution

Employee Share Plan, as we met the positive economic effects we has been restated from $2.2 billion

annual safety performance target. create across our operations and to $13.1 billion to provide a more

developments. Value distributed relevant year on year comparison. Through our operations and energy

developments we create significant For instance, we create substantial Value distribution economic value through our energy

$15.1bn

value for the Australian community The Value

Page 461 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. distribution calculation through the payment of taxes and developments, through the creation and commentary is based on the royalties to state and federal of jobs and the sourcing of local income and expenses reported in governments. In the past year, we materials and suppliers, particularly the Income Statement of Origin distributed $132 million to in the rural and regional areas where Energy Limited. governments and the broader we operate. The Australia Pacific An increase of $2 billion on the prior year. community through income taxes LNG project – in which we have a

and royalties. The current tax 37.5 per cent interest – has spent

expense decreased by $46 million more than $12 billion to date on

primarily due to a decrease in goods and services, the majority

taxable profit. of which has occurred in Australia.

Our community contributions are

verified by LBG, allowing for an

accurate benchmark of our

performance with other

organisations. In addition to the

audited community contribution, we

do other things that distribute value

to stakeholders. For example, in the

past year we provided $2.9 million

in payment support to customers

in financial hardship through our Economic value distributed ($m)

Power On program. We create

payment plans for these customers,

2013 2012

to ensure they can continue to afford

12,404 10,703 their energy supply. Depreciation and amortisation(2) 695 614 Total operating costs 13,099 11,317 Employee wages and benefits net of taxes 746 665 Interest expense (2) 468 326 Dividends paid to shareholders 610 603 Total payments to providers of capital 1,078 929 Current Income tax expense (3,4) 57 103 Royalties to government 29 31 Other taxes 46 43 Total payments to government 132 177 Community investments 6 5 Total community contributions 6 5 Economic value distributed 15,061 13,093 (1) Excludes capital expenditure. (2) Excludes capitalised interest. (3) Income tax includes only current income tax expense. GST and deferred taxes are excluded. (4) Includes all subsidiaries in Australia and overseas.

44 Value distribution The Origin Foundation is our philanthropic foundation, which was founded in 2010 as part of the 10 year anniversary of Origin listing on the Australian Securities Exchange.

We believe in the power of education sector to help build longer- term program, Give2. At the end of to change lives for the better and capacity and improve their social December 2012, 252 employees aim to empower young Australians impact. had made a donation through the to reach their potential. The focus of Our engaged philanthropy model Give2 program over the calendar the Foundation spans the education awards financial grants, provides year. When matched by the Foundation philanthropy lifecycle, from early childhood partners with access to skilled Foundation, more than half a

$3.7m intervention to school reform, to volunteers and matches donations million dollars went to charity. transitioning to further study or made by Origin employees. In

Page 463 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. the The Foundation’s true impact cannot work and life-long learning. calendar year 2012, the foundation be effectively measured in dollars The early years in a child’s life lays channelled $3.7 million to more than alone; it will become clearer as the the foundation for future learning 30 not-for-profit organisations growth and development of our and lifetime outcomes. Success at working in the area of education. funding recipients is realised. The school determines whether children performance of the Origin Foundation Invested in grants, matched Throughout the year the Foundation giving by employees and go on to further education, training provided Origin employees with is reported annually and can be read employee volunteering in and employment. While building opportunities to volunteer with on Origin’s reporting website. We the 2012 calendar year. skills throughout adulthood is partners through skilled and look forward to the continued growth important for career advancement unskilled projects. Over the 2012 and development of the Foundation’s as well as resilience to cyclical and calendar year employees spent activities in coming years. structural changes in the economy. 5,300 hours sharing their time and Working with a range of partners, skills with partners. we’re using education to help break The foundation also matches the the cycle of disadvantage. We also donations that Origin employees provide access to training and make to charitable organisations development for the not-for-profit through the workplace giving

Breaking the cycle of disadvantage

12:37pm

Young Indigenous children in

Borroloola enjoying the Indi Kindi

pre-school literacy program.

On average, Indigenous children have lower rates of school attendance, poorer learning outcomes and complete year 12 at half the rate of non-Indigenous students. This is why the Foundation makes substantial investments in programs to help Aboriginal children access and make the most of education. Our support includes Gawura, a day school in central Sydney, schooling in Cape York, the Stronger Smarter Institute, the Indi Kindi pre-school literacy program in

Page 464 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. remote Borroloola, the Aboriginal Girls’ Circles, and the highly successful Australian Indigenous Mentoring Experience. Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 45 The individual learning experience 09:22am Origin Foundation partner Big Picture Education Australia helped Addison find a mentor in Malcolm Bywater, Director of the Academy Gallery, University of Tasmania.

Like many young people, Addison Through the Big Picture Design at Addison is one of the first students was uninspired by school and unsure the school, Addison connected with of the Big Picture school design of his future. members of his local community to to go to university and the first When Addison scored poorly in his find mentors and develop his in his family. year 12 exams he was facing an passion for art. The Academy Gallery Addison said: “It was an evolution uncertain future. His passion was at the University of Tasmania of sorts and now here I am. I’m doing art and music but he struggled in encouraged Addison to take on the my first semester, in my first year the traditional educational path of role of a curator to establish an art at University, and I am loving every study and exams. Without some exhibition for his school. The success minute of it. I feel honoured, I feel innovative thought his talents may of the event allowed Addison to proud of myself. I feel number one!” never have had the opportunity build a portfolio of his creative work, to reach their potential. as well as event coordination and Watch Luckily for Addison the Launceston

management and occupational

health and safety issues. Addison tell City Campus, a public school in

He was than able to present it to the Tasmania sits alongside the University his story of Tasmania and he became one of university as proof of his educational online the first students to use evidence abilities and scope to learn beyond

the standard test process. The of his skills to gain entry. Big Picture Education Australia is a philanthropic University looked past his grades

Page 465 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. organisation with a philosophy of and saw his potential as a student ‘One student at a time’. Its focus on willing, capable and passionate education made it a perfect partner about learning. for the Origin Foundation. The exhibition opening was not

just a great moment for Addison

but it allowed fellow students to

see how their own futures are in

their hands and will be driven by

their own passions.

46 Origin Foundation

RATINGS &

BENCHMARKS

08:31Pm

Our reporting website provides

a comprehensive review of

our financial and non-financial

performance for 2013.

Sustainability Ratings and Benchmarks During the 2013 financial year, Origin participated in a number of surveys commissioned by different sustainability ratings agencies. Dow Jones Sustainability Index CDP Origin also reports sustainability We were included in the Dow Jones Origin is a respondent to CDP’s performance against the internationally recognised Global

Sustainability Australia Index which tracks the performance of the top

annual request for both climate

change and water information. Feedback Reporting Initiative indicators. The 30 per cent of the 200 listed CDP is an international, selected indices and indicators Australian companies in the

Page 466 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. S&P/ not-for-profit organisation providing Contact: cover a broad range of sustainability ASX 200 that lead the field in terms the only global system for originsustainability@ issues, allowing Origin’s performance of sustainability. companies and cities to measure, originenergy.com.au to be viewed by stakeholders against disclose, manage and share vital specific issues or holistically across Origin Sustainability

environmental information. the whole set of issues. Australia Square

Level 45, 264-278 George Street

Sydney NSW Australia 2000

London Benchmarking Group Our community investment data Energy Supply Association is independently verified by the LBG, of Australia which promotes a consistent set of Since 2009, Origin has been a criteria for determining community signatory to the Energy supply investment, donations and commercial Association of Australia’s (esaa) initiatives in the community. Sustainable Practice Framework,

which is a major platform for

the energy supply sector’s work

in improving sustainability in

the industry.

FTSE4Good Since 2004, Origin has been a member of the FTSE4Good Index Series, which is designed to identify companies that meet globally recognised corporate responsibility standards.

Origin Energy Sustainability Report 2013 47 equivalent Statutory profit measures Contract Price (CP) An international Offshore exploration The search for Glossary disclosed in the Origin Consolidated price for LPG, in US dollars, using the

Page 467 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. hydrocarbon deposits under the sea, Financial Statements and exclude Saudi Aramco Contract Price tender such as natural gas or oil. the impact of certain items that process. Australian LPG producers Onshore exploration The search for do not align with the manner in export LPG or sell into the domestic hydrocarbon deposits beneath the which the Managing Director Australian market at prices that earth’s surface, such as natural gas Non-IFRS Financial Measures reviews the financial and operating reflect the CP. Similarly, Australian or oil. performance of the business. LPG retailers purchase domestically This document includes certain Peaking plant A generator that can Underlying EBIT, Underlying EBITDA produced or imported LPG based non-IFRS Financial measures. be quickly started to operate during and Underlying Consolidated Profit on CP. Non-IFRS Financial measures are periods of high electricity demand are disclosed in note 2 of the Origin Development well A well drilled defined as financial measures that and/or high prices in the electricity Consolidated Financial Statements. to enable production from a known are presented other than in market. Underlying EPS is disclosed in note oil or gas reservoir. accordance with all relevant 32 of the Origin Consolidated Photovoltaic (PV) Photovoltaic cells Accounting Standards. Non-IFRS EIS Environmental Impact Statement convert sunlight into electricity. Financial Statements. Financial measures are used Electricity measures Power On Origin Energy’s hardship internally by management to assess Non-financial terms Watt (W) A measure of power program which provides payment the performance of Origin’s business 2C Best Estimate Contingent resource. when a one ampere of current options for customers experiencing and to make decisions on allocation 3C High Estimate Contingent resource. flows under one volt of pressure. financial difficulty. of resources. The non-IFRS Financial measures have been derived from 2P reserves The sum of Proved plus Kilowatt (kW) One kW = 1,000 QCA Queensland Competition

Page 468 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Statutory Financial measures Probable reserves. Probable reserves watts. Authority included in the Origin Consolidated are those reserves which analysis of Kilowatt Hour (kWh) Standard RET The Federal Government Financial Statements and are geological and engineering data unit of electrical energy implemented a Renewable Energy provided in this report to enable indicate are less likely to be representing consumption of Target (RET), requiring 20 per cent of further insight and a different recovered than Proved Reserves but one kilowatt over one hour. electricity to come from renewable perspective into the financial more certain than Possible Reserves. Megawatt (MW) One MW = 1,000 energy sources by 2020. performance, including profit and It is equally likely that the actual kW or one million watts.

Seismic survey A geophysical survey loss and cash-flow outcomes, of the remaining quantities recovered will Gigawatt hour (GWh) One GWh = to understand rock formations Origin business. be greater than or less than the sum 1,000 megawatt hours or one beneath the Earth’s surface. The key non-IFRS financial measures of the estimated proved plus million kilowatt hours. Probable Reserves (2P). Spot market A wholesale market included in this report are defined Terawatt hour (TWh) One TWh = for commodities, such as electricity below. Availability The time a generation 1,000 gigawatt hours, or one

or crude oil, which allows matching Free Cash Flow Cash available to plant was available for use, after million megawatt hours.

of supply against demand. fund distributions to shareholders deducting planned and unplanned Exploration well A well drilled to outage hours, compared with the The Company Origin Energy Limited and growth capital expenditure. identify a new reservoir of natural total time under review. and its controlled entities.

gas or oil. Productive Capital Funds employed Total Recordable Injury Frequency including Origin’s share of Australia Barrels (bbls) A measure used for oil FID Final Investment Decision. production and sales. One barrel Rate (TRIFR) The total number Pacific LNG and excluding capital

Joule Primary measure of energy in lost time, restricted work duties development which are not yet Baseload power Baseload power in the metric system. or medical treatment per million contributing to earnings. stations produce electricity at a hours worked. constant rate to meet the minimum

Gigajoule (GJ) A gigajoule equals Segment result Underlying EBIT for one billion joules. Upstream Part of Origin Energy’s the Energy Markets, Exploration & demand requirements of customers.

Terajoule (TJ) A Terajoule is equal business that is involved in the Production, LNG, Contact Energy and Capital expenditure Investment to 1,000 gigajoules. exploration and production of Corporate segments. Net financing in acquisition or improvement of hydrocarbons. long-term assets, such as property,

Petajoule (PJ) A Petajoule is equal costs and tax expense/(benefit) are

to one million gigajoules. allocated to LNG, Contact Energy plant or equipment. and the Corporate segments in Petajoules equivalent (PJe) An Carbon dioxide (CO2) Greenhouse energy measurement Origin measuring segment result. As gas produced as a by-product of oil disclosed in note 2 of the Origin Energy uses in its annual report to and gas production and when represent the equivalent energy in Consolidated Financial Statements. burning fossil fuels and biomass. different products so the amount Total Segment Revenue Total revenue Equivalent Carbon dioxide CO2-e of energy contained in these for the Energy Markets, Exploration The concentration of CO2 which products can be compared. The & Production, LNG, Contact Energy would cause the same level of factors used by Origin Energy to and Corporate segments, including radiative forcing as a given type and convert to PJe are: one million inter-segment sales as disclosed in concentration of greenhouse gas. barrels crude oil = 5.8 PJe; one note 2 of the Origin Consolidated

Page 470 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. million barrels condensate = 5.4 PJe; Climate change Any change in Financial Statements. one million tonnes LPG = 49.3 PJe; climate over time, whether due to Underlying profit and loss measures: natural variability or as a result of one TWh of electricity = 3.6 PJe. Consolidated profit human activity. Geothermal Energy that is EBIT Coal seam gas (CSG) Natural gas generated by converting hot water EBIT margin contained within coal seams. or steam from deep beneath the EBITDA Earth’s surface into electricity. Cogeneration Producing two or Effective tax rate more forms of energy from one fuel Hydrocarbons Oil and gas, including EPS source. Generally, cogeneration condensate and gas liquids plants operated by Origin Energy (LPG and ethane). Income tax expense Net financing costs/income produce steam and electricity from Kbbls Kilobarrels = 1,000 barrels. natural gas. Kt Kilotonnes = 1,000 tonnes. Non-controlling interests Condensate A light oil that LNG Liquefied natural gas. Share of ITDA separates during gas production Underlying measures are measures LPG Liquefied petroleum gas. processes due to changes in used internally by management to pressure and temperature. NEM National Electricity Market. assess the profitability of the Origin

NGOs Non-government business. The underlying profit and

organisations.

loss measures are derived from the 48 Glossary DIRECTORY Origin Energy Limited

Registered ofﬁce Share register Level 45, Australia Square Boardroom Pty Limited 264-278 George Street Level 7, 207 Kent Street Sydney NSW 2000 Sydney NSW 2000 GPO Box 5376 GPO Box

Page 471 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. 3993 Sydney NSW 2001 Sydney NSW 2001 Telephone (02) 8345 5000 Toll Free 1300 664 446 Facsimile (02) 9241 7377 Telephone (02) 8016 2896 www.originenergy.com.au Facsimile (02) 9279 0664 [email protected] www.boardroomlimited.com.au

[email protected]

Secretaries Andrew Clarke Helen Hardy This Sustainability Report provides an overview for the 12 months to 30 June 2013. Further information about Origin’s sustainability performance can be found at: reports.originenergy.com.au This report has been printed on Impact paper by Focus Press Pty Ltd. The paper is made from 100% recycled Post Consumer waste recycled paper and is FSC certified. Focus Press operates under an ISO14001 Environmental Management System and an ISO9001 Quality Management system. The printing process is 100% alcohol-free and uses vegetable-based inks. The report has been printed Carbon Neutral as certified under the Australian Government National Carbon Offset Standard.

CO boral : Origin Energy Ltd

IN i1 : Energy | i13 : Crude Oil/Natural Gas

NS ccat : Corporate/Industrial News

PUB The Austrailian Securities Exchange Limited

AN Document ASXTEX0020131023e9an0006q

SE Flora & Fauna

HD Srivilliputhur sanctuary to raise fodder trees for resident animals

BY J Arockiaraj

WC 494 words

PD 21 October 2013

SN The Times of India

SC TOI

LA English

LP VIRUDHUNAGAR: With ample rain inside Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, the forest department here has commenced a drive to raise fodder trees. The planting drive is concentrated in a 20-hectare area where the forest officials had uprooted the invasive weed, 'Lantana camara'. The thorny weed cannot be consumed by the herbivores in the sanctuary. Besides, it deprives animals of fodder by destroying native plants which are natural fodder, thereby forcing them to migrate for food.

Last year the state government had sanctioned funds to root out Lantana camara. The sanctuary managed to remove the shrub from 20 hectares inside the sanctuary limits, a wildlife official said.

TD The tree species to be planted during the fodder development drive are thani (Terminalia bellirica), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), koonthalpanai (Caryota urens), vilvam (Aegle marmelos), vilamaram (Feronia elephantum) and bamboo trees.

Elephants like vilamaram, jackfruit and bamboo species, while the grizzled squirrels prefer jackfruits, the sanctuary officials said.

The saplings will be planted in Rajapalayam, Srivilliputhur, Watrap and Saptur ranges of the sanctuary. As many as 200 saplings will be planted per hectare. The marked area includes some of the high peaks (1,200 meters) in the sanctuary falling within the Rajapalayam range.

Page 473 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The forest staff will carry the saplings to the remote terrains and finish planting them before monsoon intensifies. "We received good rains in the sanctuary limits in the last few days. With monsoons ahead, the chances for saplings survival are higher," a senior wildlife official said.

The sanctuary has also received funds to remove Lantana camara from another 20 hectares and the work will start shortly, the official said.

While the tree planting is currently on in the sanctuary, the Chief Minister's Massive Tree Planting drive will be carried out in the non-forest areas. Two lakh saplings will be planted this season, said A Venkatesh, conservator of forest for Virudhunagar circle. The tree species selected for non-forest areas are neem, pungam (Pongamia pinnata), vagai (Indian walnut) and neermarudhu (Terminalia arjuna).

"The planting drive will be undertaken both in the sanctuary and the non-forest areas of Virudhunagar district. In the non-forest areas, mainly community lands, we will plant the native tree varieties. "We have been identifying the places where it is possible for public to nurture the planted saplings," he said.

* Fodder tree species to be developed in 20 hectares of sanctuary

* Two lakh trees will be planted in non-forest areas of the district

* Lantana camara to be removed from another 20 hectares of santuary this year

* Fodder tree species include thani (Terminalia bellirica), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), koonthalpanai (Caryota urens), vilvam (Aegle marmelos), vilamaram (Feronia elephantum) and bamboo trees.

* Tree species identified for non-forest areas are neem, pungam (Pongamia pinnata), vagai (Indian walnut) and neermarudhu (Terminalia arjuna)

* Growth of the fodder tree will prevent animals from straying out of forest

For Reprint Rights: timescontent.com

AN Document TOI0000020131020e9al0006w

SE Flora & Fauna

HD Srivilliputhur sanctuary to raise fodder trees for resident animals

BY J Arockiaraj

WC 494 words

PD 21 October 2013

SN The Economic Times

SC ECTIM

LA English

Last year the state government had sanctioned funds to root out Lantana camara. The sanctuary managed to remove the shrub from 20 hectares inside the sanctuary limits, a wildlife official said.

Elephants like vilamaram, jackfruit and bamboo species, while the grizzled squirrels prefer jackfruits, the sanctuary officials said.

Page 476 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. The forest staff will carry the saplings to the remote terrains and finish planting them before monsoon intensifies. "We received good rains in the sanctuary limits in the last few days. With monsoons ahead, the chances for saplings survival are higher," a senior wildlife official said.

The sanctuary has also received funds to remove Lantana camara from another 20 hectares and the work will start shortly, the official said.

* Fodder tree species to be developed in 20 hectares of sanctuary

* Two lakh trees will be planted in non-forest areas of the district

* Lantana camara to be removed from another 20 hectares of santuary this year

* Tree species identified for non-forest areas are neem, pungam (Pongamia pinnata), vagai (Indian walnut) and neermarudhu (Terminalia arjuna)

* Growth of the fodder tree will prevent animals from straying out of forest

For Reprint Rights: timescontent.com

AN Document ECTIM00020131020e9al0000g

HD Rambut cantik semula jadi

WC 395 words

PD 17 October 2013

SN Harian Metro

SC BEMEMY

PG 57

LA Bahasa Melayu

LP Keguguran sehingga 70 helai rambut dalam sehari adalah perkara biasa bagi setiap individu, namun keadaan pastinya membimbangkan apabila kehilangan ini melebihi jumlah biasa. Tekanan, pencemaran, diet tidak sihat, hormon tidak seimbang atau masalah kesihatan lain mendorong situasi ini.

Menyedari gaya hidup yang kian aktif dalam kalangan masyarakat masa kini, Himalaya Herbal Healthcare memperkenalkan dua syampu herba aktif 100 peratus dikenali sebagai Anti-Hair Fall dan Protein Shampoo Gentle Daily Care.

TD Direka berasaskan formula dua dalam satu yang menyuburkan umbi rambut dan menguatkan folikel rambut yang lemah, Syampu Anti-Hair Fall Himalaya merapi serta memperbaiki tekstur rambut untuk mengurangkan keguguran disebabkan rambut putus.

Syampu Anti-Hair Fall ini mengandungi Butea Frondosa (semarak api) iaitu herba penting untuk menguat dan mengaktifkan pertumbuhan rambut. Ia dirumus dengan Eclipta (urang aring), sejenis herba yang membaik pulih tekstur rambut dan digunakan secara tradisional pada zaman silam bagi tujuan mewarna serta menyuburkan rambut.

Cecair syampu Anti-Hair Fall Himalaya juga mengandungi Pongamia Pinnata, agen anti kulat semula jadi yang berkesan. Bahan semula jadi dalam syampu menyubur dan membersihkan rambut menjadikan rambut sihat dan mudah diurus.

Manakala syampu protein Himalaya, Gentle Daily Care pula sesuai untuk pengguna yang

Page 479 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. mengamalkan gaya hidup aktif dan perlu mencuci rambut secara kerap malah bersesuaian dengan namanya, syampu ini dirumus khas untuk kegunaan setiap hari.

Ia mengandungi protein rambut semula jadi, agen pembuihan dan diperkaya dengan ektstrakChickpea (kacang kuda), Amla (Buah Melaka), Black Myrobalan, Eclipta(Urang Aring), Licorice(akar manis), Henna (inai) danBeach Almond (Ketapang) yang menjadikan syampu lembut dan sesuai untuk kegunaan setiap hari.

Bahan semula jadi dalam syampu ini membekalkan protein untuk menyuburkan dan membersihkan rambut, menjadikan rambut sihat dan mudah diurus.

Malah syampu protein Gentle Daily Care Himalaya mengandungi ejen buih semula jadi yang selamat dan lembut ke atas rambut serta kulit kepala seterusnya melindungi keratin semula jadi rambut. Ejen pembuihan semula jadi dengan ciri pembersihan berkesan menjadikan rambut licin.

Kedua-dua syampu Himalaya ini boleh didapati dalam pek jumbo 400 mililiter (ml) dengan percuma saiz 200ml di farmasi, pasar raya hiper, butik Himalaya atau kedai terpilih.

Antaranya cawangan Himalaya Herbal termasuk di kompleks beli-belah Suria KLCC, Mid Valley Megamall, 1 Utama, Pavilion, Sunway Pyramid, IOI Mall, City Square (Johor), Gurney Plaza (Pulau Pinang) dan banyak lagi.

Sebarang pertanyaan, hubungi talian khidmat pelanggan Himalaya di talian 03-79567012. Untuk maklumat lanjut, layari laman web www.himalaya-healthcare.com

( END )

PUB New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad

AN Document BEMEMY0020131017e9ah00023

SE SCI-TECH & AGRI

HD A sustainable model for small and marginal ryots

BY M.J. Prabu

WC 829 words

PD 17 October 2013

SN The Hindu

SC THINDU

LA English

LP SCI-TECH & AGRI Adilabad is one of the largest cotton growing districts in the country. As a consumption oriented development model took root, small farmers in the region took to cultivating cash crops like cotton, to meet social needs beyond food requirements.

Monocropping

TD However, over the last two decades, hunger for higher cotton yields gradually transformed into a monocropping culture, in which farmers completely stopped growing food crops and were growing only cotton, making Adilabad one of the largest cotton growing districts in the country.

“This appetite for higher yields, led to indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, devastating soil health in the process. Like most other villages in the region, even here, small and marginal farmers could not withstand the “mighty will” of the State to impose a regime of subsidised chemical fertilizers and pesticides,” says Mr. Ambadass Sonkamble, Block coordinator, Chetna Organic, Secunderabad.

Compromised

The monocropping culture severely compromised on food security of small farmers. In the years when crops failed, they were left with no cash and had to depend on money lenders.

Page 481 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Debts kept piling, pushing many farmers over the brink. Today the region is a farmers’ suicide hotspot, according to him. However, in this narrative of loss and despair there is a story of hope that stands up like a candle in the dark.

Like many others a tribal farmer Madavi Mahadu Patel in the village detested the use of chemicals but was forced into the system. Productivity of his land was declining every year and yields were low.

Traditional wisdom and common sense told him that organic life in soil was critical for healthy growth of crops. But the extension system was telling him otherwise. It was a time when farmers in neighbouring villages were committing suicides. The alarm bells were ringing — loud and clear.

Chetna organic

In 2004 as part of a Supply Chain Intervention Programme, Chetna Organic initiated activities in neighbouring Choupanguda village, organising farmers into self-help groups (SHG) and offered socio-technical and marketing support for organic cotton.

Chetna was organising Farmer Field Schools (FFS) training, workshops, field days and demo plots to encourage farmers to take up soil and water conservation measures, diversified cropping and mixed cropping practices where food crops like jowar, paddy, red gram, vegetables, maize, green gram and others could be grown alongside cotton.

Curiosity

Mr. Patel was curious to know how realistic this approach was. Apparently, this initiative seemed to address all his concerns — no chemicals, improved soil fertility, low input costs, good income and food security for the entire year.

Interested, he attended the trainings, and what began as curiosity, transformed into a conviction making him join Chetna Organic in 2005 as a member farmer.

Today, his seven acre field is a manifestation of Chetna’ s vision. In six acres he has created a model that can teach the world what sustainable agriculture means, and how it can change the script for farmers with small holdings.

In four acres, following intercropping and mixed cropping patterns, the farmer grows a combination of food crops and cash crops like cotton, wheat, maize, groundnut and millets like jowar and sorghum. Legumes, vegetables like tomato, brinjal, chilli, gourds, beans, onion,

In one acre teak and henna are planted. In the remaining acre mango, guava, custard apple, berries and orange are grown. glyricidia, pongamia and neem are also grown for mulching into the soil for biomass. Their open well serves to irrigate the crops during summer and other seasons.

Mr. Patel has devised a strategy to ward off contamination from hybrid cotton crops to the ones grown in his field, an approach he feels is critical to market his cotton at a higher price.

He has created layers of shields, restricting the cotton crop to the inner circle of the farm and surrounded it with trap crops like castor, okra and marigold.

In the second circle he grows vegetables and other crops and in the outermost periphery he grows trees like Teak. This strategy has worked well for him and there has been no contamination issue while the rest of the State was struggling with it.

Expansion

During the year 2012-13 the family expanded their basket of income to include fisheries. He was given 1,000 young fingerlings which after 180 days yielded 30 kg fetching him Rs. 2,400 at Rs. 80 per kg.

The remarkable aspect of this family has been that they have achieved all this in an economically viable structure which is replicable without large financial investments and dependence on local money lenders.

For more details contact Mr. Patel at Goyagaom post, Goyagaom mandal, Kerameri dist, Adilabad, Pin:504293 and Mr. Ambadass Sonkamble, block co-ordinator, email: [email protected], Mobile: 9440599213, Plot:187, Sree Sai Durga Nivas Street, No: 1, Tarnaka, Secunderabad.

AN Document THINDU0020131017e9ah000eq

HD Shapoorji Pallonji Agri Management Services is likely to exit from the JV

CR Distributed by Contify.com

WC 103 words

PD 14 October 2013

SN Projects Today

SC ATPTOD

LA English

LP Shapoorji Pallonji Agri Management Services is likely to exit from the JV with Bharat Renewable Energy (BREL) soon. Bharat Renewable Energy is floated with state-run Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL), and Hyderabad-based Nandan Cleantec. The company was formed in 2008 to undertake the cultivation and plantation of horticulture crops such as Karanj, Jathropha and Pongamia, trading, research and development and management of all crops and plantation including bio-fuels in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Shapoorji Pallonji and BREL have an equal stake in the JV.

CO bhpet : Bharat Petroleum Corp Ltd | nandaz : Nandan Cleantec PLC

AN Document ATPTOD0020131024e9ae00065

Page 485 of 488 © 2014 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Chemical Snapshot (No. of pages: 25) FRPT Research, 7 October 2013, 6416 words, (English) Chemical Industry Snapshot FRPT Research 1 Brenntag to acquire chemical distribution business of Zytex Group Brenntag, a German chemical distribution company, has agreed to acquire the chemical distribution division of the Zytex Group, a ...

HD Animal Nutrition; Study Results from D. Dineshkumar and Colleagues Update Understanding of Animal Nutrition WC 450 words

PD 7 October 2013

SN Veterinary Week

SC VETWK

PG 156

LA English

LP 2013 OCT 7 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Veterinary Week -- Investigators publish new report on Animal Nutrition. According to news reporting from Bangalore, India, by VerticalNews journalists, research stated, "The protein-rich non- conventional detoxified karanja cake (dKC) can be used in place of conventional protein supplements like soybean meal (SBM), groundnut meal, etc. in livestock feed. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of two levels of dKC by replacing SBM on testicular architecture, semen quality and expressions of mRNAs encoding luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) in testes of ram lambs."

TD The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research, "Eighteen ram lambs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6) and fed different levels (%) of karanja cake (0% replacement - control; 50% replacement - dKC-50 and 75% replacement - dKC-75) for 140 days. After 120 days of feeding, the semen from the animals was collected and analysed. The testes samples were collected on day 140 of feeding for transcripts expression studies. The dKC-50 group had no change in BW, whereas dKC-75 group showed decreased (P < 0.05) BW as compared with control. The number of animals ejaculated semen in dKC-75 group was lower (P < 0.05) than the control group. A reduction (P < 0.05) in LHR expression in dKC-75 was observed, whereas a reduction in IGF-I expression (P < 0.05) was observed in dKC-50 and dKC-75 as compared with control group. The study reveals that in ram lambs, long-term feeding of dKC at 50% replacement of SBM may not affect BW."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "However, long-term feeding of dKC as a replacement of SBM may affect testicular function."

For more information on this research see: Effect of detoxified karanja (Pongamia spp.) cake on testicular architecture and semen production in ram lambs. Animal, 2013;7(10):1697-1703. Animal can be contacted at: Cambridge Univ Press, Edinburgh Bldg, Shaftesbury Rd, CB2 8RU Cambridge, England. (Cambridge University Press - www.cambridge.org; Animal - journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ANM)

Our news journalists report that additional information may be obtained by contacting D. Dineshkumar, Project Directorate Anim Dis Monitoring & Surveil, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. Additional authors for this research include S. Selvaraju, S. Parthipan, A. Thayakumar, D. Rajendran, J.P. Ravindra, P. Krishnamoorthy, I.J. Reddy and S.B.N. Rao.

Keywords for this news article include: Asia, India, Bangalore, Animal Nutrition

IN i4221 : Animal Feed | i41 : Food/Beverages/Tobacco | icnp : Consumer Goods | ifood : Food Products NS gsci : Sciences/Technologies | gcat : Political/General News

PUB NewsRx.com

AN Document VETWK00020131004e9a70004o