r

This dissertation has been 69 11 605 microfilmed exactly as received ’ BARRETT, Peter John, 1940- THE POST-GLACIAL PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC BEACON ROCKS IN THE BEARDMORE AREA, CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, .

The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1968 Geology

University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE POST-GLACIAL PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC BEACON ROCKS

IN THE AREA, CENTRAL

TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA

DISSERTATION

Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University

By Peter John Barrett, B.Sc., M.Sc.

*********

The Ohio State U niversity 1968

Approved by

Adviser Department of Geology F rontisp iece - Mount IKlackellar viewed from the east across the Wahl G lacier. Midnight, December 23, 1966. PLEASE NOTE: Appendix pages are not original copy. Print is indistinct on many pages. Filmed in the best possible way. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The writer thanks R. J. Baillie, Dr. D. H. Elliot,

D* Johnston, and J. F» Lindsay for their good company, and willing assistance in the field. Stratigraphie sections at Mount M iller and Mount Weeks (CO) were measured jo in tly with J. F. Lindsay* The support and cooperation of the Office of

Antarctic Programs at the National Science Foundation, the

U. S. Navy Task Force 43, and particularly the crews of the LC-130 Hercules aircraft of Air Development Squadron Six are gratefully acknowledged. Financial support for the project

was provided through National Science Foundation grants

GA-534, GA-1159 and GA-1617. The dissertation was supervised by Dr. Charles H.

Sumraerson, and critically reviewed by Drs. D. H. Elliot, G. W. Moore, J r . , J . M. Schopf and C. H. Summerson. Dis­

cussions with the above, and with Dr. V. H. Minshew, now at the University of Mississippi, on various aspects of Beard- more geology were much appreciated. Dr. C. E. Corbato advised the writer on the treatment of the paleocurrent data, and free computer time and programming assistance were pro­

vided by The Ohio State University Numerical Computation

Laboratory. Administrative assistance through the Institute of Polar

Studies was provided by Dr. C. B. Bull, Director, J. F.

ii SplettstoBsser, Assistant Director, and Dr. A. Mirsky, who is now at Indiana University. Bliss Dorothy Amrine typed the manuscript, and the diagrams were drafted by R. L. Jolley.

iii VITA

August 11, 1940 Born - Hamilton, New Zealand. 1961 B.Sc., University of New Zealand at Auckland.

1963 IKi.Sc., University of Auckland, New Zealand. October, 1962 - February, 1963 Field geologist. University of Minnesota Expedition to the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica• February, 1963 - September, 1963 F ir s t class handyman. Ministry of Works Engineering Laboratory, Auckland. October, 1963 - January, 1964 Geologist/deputy leader, New Zealand Antarctic Research Program Southern Field Party. February, 1964 - August, 1964 Geologist, New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt. September, 1964 - September, 1965 Graduate Assistant, Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,

September, 1965 - September, 1967 Institute of Polar Studies Fellow, The Ohio State U niversity,

September, 1967 - December, 1968 Research Associate, Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University,

October, 1966 - February, 1967 Geologist/leader, The Ohio State Univer­ and October, 1967 sity Beardmore Glacier Expeditions. - February, 1968 iv PUBLICATIONS

The Te Kuiti Group in the UJaitomo-Te Anga area • a study of structures, sedimentation and paleogeogra y of cal­ careous sediments. Sc. thesis, University of Auckland library, 134 p. 1962. The development of Kairimu Cave, lïlarakopa District, South­ west Auckland. W. Z, J. Geol. Geophys., 6 (2), 288-298. 1963. An assessment of the quality of andesitic aggregate from the lllaitakere Ranges. Proc, 2nd Conf. Austr. Road Res. Board, vol. 2, 902-914 (with HI. L. Cornwell). 1964. Residual seams and cementation in Oligocene calcaren ites, Te Kuiti Group. J. Bed. Petrol., 34 (3), 524-531. 1964.

Petrography of six samples collected by V. R. McGregor from the upper Beacon Group between the Beardmore and Axel Heiberg , Antarctica. Report, N. Z. Geol. Surv., Lower Hutt. 1964. Geology of the area between the Axel Heiberg and Shackleton Glaciers, Queen Maud Range, Antarctica. Part 2 - Beacon Group. i\l. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 8 (2), 344-363. 1965. Petrology of some Beacon rocks between the Axel Heiberg and Shackleton Glaciers, Queen Maud Range, Antarctica. J. Sed. Petrol., 36 (3), 794-305. 1966.

Effects of the 1964 Alaskan earthquake on some shallow- water sediments in Prince William Sound, Southeast Alaska. J. Sed. Petrol., 36 (4), 992-1006. 1966. Geology of the Beardmore Glacier area. A ntarctic J . U. S., 2 (4), 110-112 (with D. H. Elliot and J. F. Lindsay). 1967. Te K uiti Grouo in the Waitomo-Te Anga area. !\l. Z. J . Geol. Geophys., 10 (4), 1009-1026. 1967. Triassic amphibian from Antarctica. Science, 161 (3840), 460-462 (with R. J. Baillie and E. H. Colbert). 1968. Geology of the Beardmore Glacier area. T ransantarctic Mountains. Antartic J. U. S., 3 (4), 102-106 (with D. H. E llio t, J . Gunner and J . F. Lindsay). 1968.

V Environment of deposition and provenance of some Beacon rocks, Beardmore Glacier area, A ntarctica. _l£L Geo­ chronology of the Transantarctic Mountains. Lab. for Isotope Geol, and Geochem. Rept. No. 3, 1-17 (with G. Faure and J. F. Lindsay). 1968

V i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 Purpose and scope ...... 1 Setting ...... 4 Previous work ...... 4 Field work ...... 6

STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROGRAPHY ...... 10 Introductory remarks ...... 10 S tra tig rap h ie summary ...... 11 Pétrographie methods ...... 16 Modal analyses ...... 16 Grain size analyses ...... 21 Permian System ...... 22 lïlackellar Formation ...... 22 Definition ...... 22 Distribution and thickness ...... 24 Lower contact ...... 25 Lithology ...... 25 Petrography ...... 30 Primary structures ...... 30 Paleontology ...... 33 C orrelation and age ...... 34 Environment of deposition and source ...... 37 Fairchild Formation ...... 40 Definition ...... 40 D istribu tion and thickness ...... 42 Lower contact ...... 42 Lithology ...... 42 Petrography ...... 46 Primary structures ...... 49 Paleontology ...... 52 C orrelation and age ...... 52 Environment of deposition and source ...... 53 Buckley Formation ...... 54 Definition ...... 54 Distribution and thickness ...... 56 Lower c o n t a c t ...... 57 Lithology ...... 59 Petrography ...... 53 Primary structures ...... 71 Paleontology ...... 71 Correlation and age ...... 72 Environment of deposition and source ...... 76 Triassic System ...... 77 Fremouw Formation ...... 77 Definition ...... 77 vii ' Page

Distribution and thickness 78 Lower contact ...... 80 Lithology ...... 82 Petrography ...... 89 Primary structures ...... 98 Paleontology ...... 98 C orrelation and age ...... 104 Environment of deposition and source ...... 106 Falla Formation ...... 107 Background ...... 107 Definition ...... 109 Distribution and thickness ...... 109 Lower contact ...... H I Lithology ...... H I Petrography ...... H 7 Primary structures ...... 125 Paleontology ...... 125 Correlation and age ...... 125 Environment of deposition and source ...... 127 Triassic(?)-Jurassic Systems - Ferrar Group ...... 128 Prebble Formation ...... 129 Definition ...... 129 Distribution and thickness ...... 129 Lower contact ...... 130 Lithology ...... 130 Petrography ...... 134 Primary structures ...... 135 Correlation and age ...... 136 Environment of deposition and source ...... 137 Ferrar Dolerite ...... 139 Kirkpatrick Basalt ...... 140 Post-Paleozoic Faulting and Folding ...... 141

ANALYSIS OF PALEOCURRENT DATA ...... 148 Nature of the structures measured ...... 148 Small-scale cross-bedding ...... 148 Medium-scale cross-bedding ...... 150 Parting lineation ...... 150 Logs and stems ...... 154 Ripple marks ...... 155 Slump f o l d s ...... 155 Sole marks ...... 156 Data collection and processing ...... 156 Rejection of some data sets ...... 159 Reliability of different structures as direction indicators ...... 159 Reliability of different structures as paleocurrent indicators ...... 163

viii Page

Regional variation in current direction ...... 174 Introduction ...... «...... 174 lïlackellar Formation ...... 174 Fairchild Formation ...... 174 Buckley Formation ...... 180 Fremouw Formation ...... 180 Falla Formation ...... 181 Variation in current directionbetween formations. 181 Interpretation of paleocurrent data ...... 182

SUMMARY ...... 187

APPENDIX I. STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS...... 193 APPENDIX-II. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES - COMPUTER PROGRAM AND RESULTS ...... 392 APPENDIX I I I . BASIC PALEOCURRENT DATA - COMPUTER PROGRAM AND RESULTS ...... 417

APPENDIX IV. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ON PALEOCURRENT DATA - COMPUTER PROGRAM ...... 501 REFERENCES ...... 505

LIST OF TABLES Number Page

1 A comparison of the stratigraphy of Grindley (1953) and that proposed here ..... 12 2 Stratigraphie correlation chart, central Transantarctic Mountains ...... 15 3 Pétrographie criteria for identifying minerals ...... 17 4 Summary of mean grain size and sorting ...... 23 31 5 Modal analyses from the Mackellar Formation.

6 Composition of pebbles from the Pagoda, Fairchild and Buckley Formations ...... 45

7 Modal analyses for the Fairchild Formation . 47 8 Modal analyses for the Buckley Formation ... 9 Modal analyses for the Fremouw Formation ... 70 ix Number Page 10 Composition of pebbles from the Fremouw and Falla Formations ...... 116 11 Modal analyses for the Falla Formation ..... 118

12 Numbers of paleocurrent directions obtained from each formation and for each stru c tu re , 157

13 Further descriptive statistics for the paleocurrent data ...... 157

14 Reliability of some sedimentary structures . 162 15 Comparison of paleocurrent directions areally, stratigraphically, and by sedimentary structure ...... 171 15 Comparison of standard deviations between structures ...... 173 17 Relation between environment, paleocurrent and paleoslope ...... 183

18 Comparison of standard deviations between formations ...... 186

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page

Frontispiece - Mount Mackellar from the .

1 The Ross Sea sector, A ntarctica ...... 2

2 Location of stratigraphie sections in the Beardmore Glacier area ...... 3

3 Stratigraphie sections ...... pocket 4 A mineralogical classification for sandstone ...... 19

5, 6 Photomicrograph of volcanic fragments in the Buckley Formation ...... 20 7, 8 Channeling in Mackellar Formation, Moore Mountains ...... 27 X Figure Page

9 Limestone bed in the fflackellar Formation, Moore Mountains ’ 28

10 Pebbles near top of Mackellar Formation, Tillite Glacier ...... 28

11 Mineral composition of the Mackellar Formation ...... 32

12-15 Trails and burrows in the Mackellar Formation, Mount Weeks...... » ... 35,35

16 Type section, Fairchild Formation, Tillite Glacier ...... 17 Mackellar and F airchild Formations, Lowery G lacier ...... 44 18 Torn-up shale fragments, Fairchild Formation, Moore Mountains ...... 44 19 Mineral composition of the Fairchild Formation ...... 48

20 Channel in the Fairchild Formation, Bunker Cwm ...... 50

21 Channel in the Fairchild Formation, Moore Mountains ...... 50

22 F airch ild and Buckley Formations near Mount Wild ...... 55

23 Rounded white quartz pebbles, Buckley Formation ...... 58

24 Base of Buckley Formation, Moore Mountains . 58 25 Upper part of the Buckley Formation, Mount M iller ...... 51 26 Volcanic sandstone, Buckley Formation, Mount M iller ...... 51 27 Varvoid lamination, Buckley Formation, Painted Cliffs ...... 54 28 Mineral composition of the Buckley Formation ...... 57

xi Figure Page

29 Trails and burrows, Buckley Formation, Painted Cliffs ...... 30 Type section of the Fremouw Formation ...... 79

31 Buckley-Fremouw contact at Mount Kinsey .... 79

32 Massive sandstone, Fremouw Formation, ...... ^7

33 Coal in upper part of the Fremouw Formation, Prebble Glacier ...... 87 34 Percent sandstone in the Fremouw Formation . 88

35 Mineral composition of the Fremouw Formation ...... 93

36 Photomicrograph of vitric tuff, Fremouw Formation ...... 95 37 Scour forms, Fremouw Formation, Fremouw Peak 100

38 Burrows, lower part of the Fremouw Formation, Graphite Peak ...... 100 39 Labyrinthodont bone. Graphite Peak ...... 101

40 Gastropod mold, lower p art of the Fremouw Formation, Fremouw Peak ...... 101

41 Root structures, Fremouw Formation, Graphite Peak ...... 103 42 Large log, Fremouw Formation, Fremouw Peak . 103

43 Type section of the Falla Formation, Mount Falla ...... 110

44 Upper part of the Falla Formation, Mount Falla ...... 114

45 Thin vitric tuff bed. Mount Falla ...... 114 46 Mineral composition of the Falla Formation . 120

47 Accretionary lapilli, upper Falla Formation, Mount Falla ...... 123

. u Figure Page

48 Type section of the Prebble Formation, Mount Kirkpatrick ...... 131 49 Lower contact, Prebble Formation, Mount F a lla ...... 131

50 Lens in paraconglomerate, Otway Massif ..... 133

51 Weathered dolerite block in paraconglomerate 133 52 Monocline, Moore Mountains ...... 142

53 Monocline, Mount Weeks ...... 142

54 Structure contour map, Beardmore Glacier area ...... 144 55 Orthoquartzite on brecciated shale, near Mount Mackellar 147 55 Microcrosslamination, Fairchild Formation, Moore M o u n tain s ...... 151 57 Trough-cross-bedding, Fairchild Formation, Moore Mountains ...... 151 58 Parting lineation, Fairchild Formation, Moore M o u n tain s ...... 153 59 Ripple marks, Mackellar Formation, Moore Mountains ...... 153 60 Frequency distributions of standard deviations for different structures ...... 161

61 Differences in current direction between structures from same or adjacent interval .. 165 62 Current directions, Fairchild Formation at A2, Moore Mountains ...... 167 63 Direction at base of channel, lower Fairchild Formation, Moore Mountains ...... 168 64 Directions from upper Fairchild Formation, Mount Wild ...... 169 65 Paleocurrent map of the Mackellar Formation. 175

xiii Figure Page

66 Paleocurrent map of the Fairchild Formation. 176

67 Paleocurrent map of the' Buckley Formation .. 177 68 Paleocurrent map of the Fremouw Formation .. 178

69 Paleocurrent map of the Falla Formation .... 179

XIV INTRODUCTION

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this study is to describe and interprets the Permian and Triassic Beacon rocks that extend from the top of the glacial beds through a thickness of about 2000 m to the base of volcanic breccias and tholeiitic flows of the

Ferrar Group of Jurassic age. The area of study, which covers about 20,000 square km, lies on either side of the

Beardmore Glacier in the central Transantarctic Mountains, and extends from the in the southeast to the in the northwest (figs. 1, 2).

Two aspects of the geology have been emphasized; stratigraphy and the analysis of sedimentary structures. A consistent and detailed stratigraphy was required as a basis for reference in description, in environmental inter­ pretation, and in paleocurrent analysis. The interpreta­ tions were based on the 40 stratigraphie sections measured

(fig. 3, appendix l), and on thin section study mainly of sandstone samples*. Sediment dispersal patterns for each formation, and estimates of the reliability of various structures as current and direction indicators were obtained from the analysis of the sedimentary structures. ROSS ' ICE SHELF &

- 9 0° 'A' 9 0 °E

Figure 1, The central Transantarctic Mountains. The dotted outline encloses the Beardmore Glacier area. 7 SOUTH POLAR PLATEAU 0 --- 1 101--- 20l_l 30---- 4 0l__j 5 0 KILOMETERS ^M V IS HUtiATAKS

* ^ U T . DARWIN m a in r o u te s LANDING AREAS

MT^WILO GEOL M te u c MILLER RANGE

SAFETY SPU n^ t ^ U T . CECILY ®L. M I EMILY<3 PLWKET POINT pnw.

MAUGER NUN CfyOfKLOV^ M L KINSEY N^Ç^LARKMAH HUHL Ou "s MOOOY RANFURLY POINT ~^(mUNATAK w>- cuncE GRAPHITE CLAYDON

A/MT. OEAHIH y MT DOHAL %;,' „ VI—' v -yjaï? aÎlen-^.I"^;

TCHURCH

SCOTT (kN^TOps CAPE WISE MY / S - l^ A W p O O A U . PEAK OCUXE CAPE CAPE f MAUDE HUNOA LYTTLELTOH

C E SHELF

Figure 2. Beardmore Glacier area, central Transantarctic Mountains, showing the location of stratigraphie sections. The broad distribution of rocks of different ages is also shown. Brown Precambrian-Ordovician. Blue - Devonian?-Permian. (ji Green - T ria ssic . Red - Ju ra ssic . D olerite s i l l s not shown. Setting

The Transantarctic Mountains in the Beardmore Glacier area are bounded on the northeast by the Ross Ice Shelf. From the ice shelf, rugged ice-clad foothills extend about 30 km inland and ris e to about 2000 m. Beyond the fo o th ills

the main ranges of the T ransan tarctic Mountains form snow- covered flat-topped massifs with an average elevation of about 3000 m, which disappear gradually southeastward beneath the ice of the South Polar Plateau.

This two-fold topographic division of the Transant­ arctic Mountains reflects a major geological boundary. The foothills consist almost entirely of a thick sequence of

Late Precambrian or Early Cambrian graywacke and phyllite intruded by lower Paleozoic granitic plutons. On this basement complex there is an extensive erosion surface of low relief, which is overlain by a nearly horizontal Devonian? to Triassic non-marine clastic sequence — the

Beacon rocks.

Previous Work

Rocks of the Beardmore Glacier area were first viewed and described by Ernest Shackleton and his party during the

1907-09 British Antarctic Expedition. According to

Shackleton (1909), a gently-dipping sedimentary sequence at least 450 m thick dominated by massive sandstone in the lower part and with coal seams in the upper part was found 5 at Buckley Island, near the head of the Beardmore Glacier. The sim ila rity between these beds arrd the Beacon Sandstone

Formation of south V ictoria Land (F e rrar, 1907) was immedi­ ately recognized. Three years later Scott's ill-fated party, on their return journey from the South Pole, dis­ covered Glossopteris leaves at Buckley Island, establishing for the first time the presence in Antarctica of Permo-

Triassic strata similar in age, as well as in lithology, to those of the other Gondwana continents.

The area was not visited again for almost half a century, until the International Geophysical Year stimulated a new interest in the Antarctic. In 1957, J. H. Miller and

G. Marsh, members of the New Zealand section of the B ritish Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, found Glossopteris- bearing coal measures at Cranfield Peak in the Queen Elizabeth Range. Two years later another New Zealand expedition discovered similar coal measures containing

Glossopteris, in the upper part of a nearly horizontal sequence an estim ated 1500 m thick, in the Holland Range

80 km to the north (Gunn and Walcott, 1962).

A new phase in the geological exploration of the area began with the work of two four-man parties of the New Zealand Geological and Survey Expedition in the summer of

1961-62. McGregor (1965) of the southern party examined and reported on the Beacon rocks on the southeast side of the Beardmore Glacier, where he found, in ascending order: 6

Glossopteris-bearinq coal measures, an unfossiliferous cyclic sequence, Triassic coal measures and tholeiitic basalt flours. George Grindley, geologist with the northern p arty , examined and described most of the Beacon s tra ta on the northwest side of the Beardmore G lacier, where in one place or another every part of the 2600-m-thick section from the basement complex to the basalts can be found.

For the first time a formal stratigraphy for the area was proposed (Grindley, 1963).

In the 1965-65 season a New Zealand party spent one month on Buckley Island (Young and Ryburn, 1956), where they found strata equivalent to Devonian (?) and Permian units defined by Grindley (1963).

Field Work

Field work for this study was carried out during the 1956-67 and 1957-68 A ntarctic summers. On November 16, 1966, a. four-man party from The Ohio State University Institute of

Polar Studies, consisting of Dr. David H. Elliot, Kenyon

King, John F. Lindsay and led by the writer, together with a three-man party from the University of California at Los

Angeles, was placed on the Polar Plateau near the southern Queen Alexandra Range, 64 km south-southwest of the Prebble

Glacier, by a U.S. Navy LC-130F Hercules transport aircraft. Both parties then sledged down to the mouth of the Prebble Glacier, where the season's supplies and equipment had been 7 abandoned following a landing on November 5 in which the main landing gear of the Hercules had been damaged. For the f i r s t month E llio t and the w riter worked in the area within 15 km of the bass camp Jamesway hut just inside the mouth of the Prebble Glacier. After a resupply on December 15, a t which time the UCLA party le f t, E llio t and the writer sledged down to the Tillite Glacier, spending several days there before returning to base camp. One and a half days were spend near the head of the Wahl Glacier on the return journey.

After Christmas, Lindsay and the writer began a three- week sledge journey to Painted Cliffs, Mount Miller, Bunker Cwm, and Turnabout Ridge on the Lowery Glacier 130 km north­ west of base camp. Following this, shorter trips were made to Mount Wild and Kenyon Peaks with Lindsay, and to Mount Kirkpatrick with Elliot. The party was taken from the field on February 7, 1967. Of the 83 days in the field, 50 were spent mainly on geology, 4 were lost to bad weather, and the remainder were spent either traveling or around camp. On November 11, 1967, a party consisting of Ralph J.

Baillie, John Gunner, David Johnston, John F « Lindsay, and the writer were landed on the south side of the Moore Mountains, Queen Elizabeth Range, by a Hercules transport aircraft. Most time was spent in the Moore Mountains, but from December 1 to December 9 Baillie and the writer visited Cranfield Peak, Mount Ropar, and the area around Solitary Peak. Of the 30 days in this region, 17 were spent mainly 8

on geology, eight on traveling, and the rest were lost to

bad weather or camp duties. The party was flown back to McMurdo Station, the main field staging base on the continent, on December 11, and

Lindsay and Gunner returned to the United States. On December 17, Johnston, B aillie, and the w riter were landed at the site of the previous season’s airstrip, near the southern Queen Alexandra Range, to recover about 300 pounds of samples left behind as a result of radio and generator failures. While there, Baillie and the writer sledged to

Mount S iriu s, where one and a half days were spent on local geology. The party was taken from the field on December 19.

On December 25, shortly a fte r the a rriv a l of Dr. David H. Elliot from the United States, the four-man party was landed on the south side of the Otway Massif, southeast of the Beardmore Glacier. In the two weeks that followed, Johnston and the writer worked the area around the Snakeskin Glacier 80 km to the north, while Baillie and Elliot endured the miserable weather around the Otway Massif. After returning to the Otway Massif, further bad weather and the prospect of a resupply flight confined the entire party to camp until

January 14. when Elliot and Johnston left for a circuit of the Grosvenor Mountains to the south. The following day

Baillie and the writer journeyed 110 km to McIntyre

Promontory at the head of the Ramsey Glacier. The five-day round trip was extended involuntarily to 14 days because of whiteouts, blizzards, and toboggan trouble. With unreliable 9

toboggans and evacuation due in four days, the idea of trav elin g to the Dominion Range, 60 km to the northwest,

was abandoned. The party was taken from the field under weather conditions ty pical of the l a s t three weeks of January - wind 8 to 15 knots, temperature - 15°F, and

blowing snow. Of 37 days in the fie ld , 13 were spent on geology, 9 on traveling, and the rest were lost to the weather and toboggan trouble. STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROGRAPHY

Introductory Remarks

In this paper, the stratigraphy is discussed in three parts which correspond approximately to the three periods of time (Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic) represented by the post-glacial part of the Middle Paleozoic to Mesozoic sequence in the Beardmore area. The Permian and Triassic

Beacon strata are of primary interest in this study, but a discussion of the Triassic(?)-Jurassic Ferrar Group has been included because of work done by the writer on the oldest of the three formations of this group, which in some ways provides a tra n s itio n from the underlying Beacon s tr a ta . The term Beacon is used here informally, but in the same sense in which it has been used by Antarctic geologists since it was proposed by Ferrar (1907), the only known exception being Hamilton and Hayes (1963). The Beacon encompasses the strata of East Antarctica that overlie with nonconformity or angular unconformity the Lower Paleozoic and Precarabrian basement complex, and range in age from

Devonian to Triassic or possibly lower Jurassic. Excepted from the Beacon are rocks of the F errar Group, the

10 11

tholBütic basaltic and related deposits of Triassic(?)- Ju ra ssic age th at intrude and overlie the Beacon s tr a ta .

Stratigraphie Summary

In the Beardmore Glacier area the basal Beacon beds, quartz arenite of the Alexandra Formation (Grindley, 1963),

lie with angular unconformity on an erosion surface cut in

a thick sequence of low rank metasedimentary rocks intruded

by granitic rocks. The Alexandra Formation is disconform-

ably overlain by the Permian Pagoda Formation, a unit

predominantly glacial in origin (Lindsay, 1958). The oldest unit described here in detail, the Permian

Blackellar Formation, overlies the Pagoda Formation with apparent conformity and consists mainly of dark shale and fine-grained sandstone. The filackellar Formation is succeeded by a massive arkosic sandstone unit, formerly the lower part of Brindley's Buckley Coal Measures (table l), but here named* the Fairchild Formation. The contact with the over-

lying Buckley Formation (the Permian coal measures proper) is marked over most of the area by a zone containing well- rounded white quartz pebbles. Where such pebbles were not

found, beds of quartzose sandstone or g r i t occupy th is

♦This study has made it necessary to modify and supplement the stratigraphy proposed by Grindley (1963) (table l). The chancihanoes in stratigraphie nomenclature are presented here in the;he form in which they eventually mill be published- 12

Table 1. A comparison of the stratigraphy of the Queen Alexandra Range of Grindley (1963), and that proposed in this paper.

Grindley (1963) This Paper

Kirkpatrick Basalts Kirkpatrick Basalt u Q. t—f or tn « w cn Ferrar Dolerites Ferrar Dolerite o 3

CJ *-» F alla Falla Formation ^ in Upper p a rt cn «9 «C Formation (4 lomer p a rt 4P cc Fremouta Formation a H* not recognized upper p a rt Buckley Formation Buckley Coal Measures 2 lower p a rt < c Fairchild Formation o E o 5 to CL Blackellar Formation iackellar Formation m 13

stratigraphie position. Sandstone of the Suckley Formation

is mainly arkosic in the loraer 100 m, but many of the higher sandstone units are dominated by volcanic detritus. The Buckley Formation also contains shale, coal beds, leaf impressions (mainly of Glossopteris), logs, and a fern roots.

The Buckley Formation is disconforraably overlain by the Triassic Fremouuj Formation (new formation), which con­

sists mostly of alternating sandstone and mudstone. The

latter is characteristically greenish-gray in the lower and

middle parts of the formation, in contrast to the medium-

and dark-gray shale of the underlying Buckley Formation. Sandstone in the Fremouw Formation is very quartzose in the

lower 100 m, but contains considerable amounts of feldspar and volcanic fragments throughout the rest of the forma­ tion. A jawbone fragment of a labyrinthodont amphibian (Barrett and others, 1968) was recently recovered from a quartzose sandstone bed in the lower Fremouw Formation.

The upper part of the Fremouw Formation contains beds with root impressions, stem impressions, and in the uppermost 100 m logs and coal seams as well. The overlying Falla

Formation (the upper part of the Falla Formation of Grindley,

1953) is, in the lower part, a cyclic sequence of sandstone and dark shale with sandstone beds typically more quartzose than those in the upper part of the Fremouw Formation. The upper part of the Falla Formation consists mainly of beds of intermediate to acid tuff. Elements of the Dicroidiuni flora were recovered from both formations, indicating a Triassic age. 14

The Ferrar Group begins with the Prebble Formation (nea

formation), which consists mainly of volcanic breccia, tuff-

aceous sandstone, and tuff, and is overlain by tholeiitic flows of the Lower Jurassic Kirkpatrick Basalt* The Ferrar Dolerite, intrusive equivalent of the basalt, takes the

form of extensive sheets within the Beacon strata. The

petrology and chemistry of the Ferrar Group are being

studied by Dr. D. H. Elliot, Institute of Polar Studies,

The Ohio State U niversity. •

Table 2 compares this stratigraphy for the Beardmore

Glacier area with the stratigraphy in other parts of the

central Transantarctic Mountains. Lithologie equivalents within the Beardmore Glacier area are shown in Figure 3 .(stratigraphie sections, in map pocket). The sections and

the localities at which they were measured (shown in figures 2 and 3), are referred to in diagrams and in the text by a letter designating the area and a number indicating the locality in the area, that is, F2 is section 2 in the Mount Falla area. For sample identification, tha first two

characters identify and locate the stratigraphie section

and the second two give the number of the sample in the section. For example, G032 refers to sample 32 in section

GO. A geological map at a scale of 1:125,000 of the area

covered by this study is being prepared by Elliot, Lindsay and the writer, and will be filed at the Institute of Polar S tudies. Table 2. Comparison of the post-glacial Beacon stratigraphy in the Beardmore Glacier area with that of other areas in the central Transantarctic Mountains.

OHIO RANGE WISCONSIN HT. WEAVER NILSEN PLATEAU MT. FRIDTJOF SHACKLETON SUPPORTERS NIMROD GLACIER DARWIN GLACIER RANGE NANSEN GLACIER RANGE This paper Long 196b Minshew 1966 Doumani and Long (in prep) B a rre tt 1965 Wade and others McGregor 1965 Laird and others Haskell and Minshew 1965 1965 (in prep) others 1965

JURASSIC Kirkpatrick Kirkpatrick Kirkpatrick B asalt B asalt B asalt

Prebble Fm. 0 ra to 460 m

Dominion Coal Dominion Coal Falla Fm. Measures Measures 530 m 400 + m TRIASSIC

F alla Fm. F alla Fm. Fremouw Fm. 565 + m 400 + m 620 m Nilsen Fm. IBO m E llis Fm. 30+ m

Ht. Glossopteris Queen Maud Fm. Queen Maud Fm, Queen Maud Fm. Unit C Buckley Coal Buckley Coal Buckley Fm. Misthound Coal Fm. Measures Measures Measures Measures 750 + m 25 + m 600 + m 110 m to 210 m 280 + m 473 m 330 + m 750 m 93 m

upper member upper member Unit B 5 upper member Fairchild Fm. Buckley Coal erosion PERMIAN 5130 m §70 m 210 m |1 6 7 m 160 m Measures Amundsen Fm 350 + m 205 m 5 middle member ^m iddle member in terv al Discovery Ridge ■^220 m 1^70 m Unit A lower member Mackellar Fm. Mackellar Fm. Fm. Roaring 125 m Ï137 m 90 m 13 m to 115 m 180 m glow er member > 1 ower member Fm. I ^ 8 0 m 4 ! 10 m 52 m

Scott Glacier Formation (glacial) and equivalents Pagoda Formation (glacial) and equivalents

tn 16

Pétrographie Methods

Modal Analyses

About 350 thin sections mere examined and from these

109 mere selected for modal a n aly sis. The determ inations mere made using a Swift automatic point counter; the interval between points on each traverse was 0.3 mm, and between each traverse was 2mm in most cases. For each thin section, 400 to 600 points were counted, giving an accuracy of about 4 percent for minerals with abundances between 20 and 40 percent at the 95^ confidence level (Van der Plas and Tobi, 1965), assuming correct identification. Table 3 gives the criteria that were used most commonly in identifying minerals and rock fragment lithologies during the counting. The classification used to describe the mineral composition of these sandstone samples (fig. 4) is similar to the classifications of both Pettijohn (1954) and Folk (1954), but modifications have been made to emphasize differences in the mineralogy of the Beacon sand­ stones. Folk's classification includes volcanic fragments in the feldspar pole and therefore would not allow a clear, differentiation of the Buckley Formation sandstones into the lithic and subarkosic groups. In Pettijohn*s classifi­ cation, matrix is included with rock fragments and mica as one of the three poles. This has been avoided because in this writer's view the purpose of the ternary diagram is to compare mineral composition, and the proportion of matrix 17

Table 3. Criteria most often used in identifying minerals and rock fragment lithologies during point counting.

Quartz* Low birefringence, no cleavage, clear or with sparsely-distributed specks, dust trails, vacuoles or needles.

K-feldspar * Stained yellowish-green with sodium cobal- tinitrite, extinction regular and complete. Some have polysynthetic twinning.

Plagioclase x Low birefringence, good cleavage, usually cloudy from fine dark specks or from sericite flakes. Some have lamellar twinning.

Plagioclase composition was determined in two thin sections for each Beacon formation by the Rlichel-Levy method; the composition lay between Abgo and Abgg for 12 of the 13 samples, and a tuff from the Falla Forma­ tion (F220) gave a value of Aby^. It is possible that many grains have a greater Ab content because the determination is based on the maximum extinction angle, but the optically negative character of nearly all of the twinned crystals and many of the untwinned crystals measured indicates compositions more c alcic than Abgg.

Intermediate-acid volcanic fragments* a. Felsitic, light to dark brown, semi­ opaque, with some small (less than 10 microns) crystals with low birefringence.

b. Felsitic, low-birefringent, fine-grained (fig. s). Some fragments have a wavy foli­ ation with the appearance of relict vitro- clastic texture; others contain indistinct circular structures, perhaps once vesicles. c. Felsitic, fine-grained,but stained yellowish-green by sodium cobaltinitrite.

d. Crystalline randomly oriented feldspar laths (felted texture) from 20 to 100 microns long ( f ig . 6). Groundmass i s lig h t to dark brown and semi-opaque where p resen t. 18

Table 3 (Continued) e. Crystalline, similar to d« but with sub- parallel laths (trachytic texture).

Other rock fragments: a variety of quartz-feldspar-mica aggregates and foliated micaceous fragments, The former represent arenaceous sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks; the latter repre­ sent the pelitic rocks.

Muscovite ; Colorless, generally elongate, with excellent often sinuous cleavage and high birefringence.

B io tite : Colorless to dark-brown or reddish-brown, normally pleochroic, with excellent often sinuous cleavage and moderate birefringence.

C hlo rite: Colorless to pale green, excellent cleavage, very low b irefrin g en ce.

C alcite: Extreme birefringence and variable but high relief, - •

Prehnite: Colorless, moderate positive relief, moderate birefringence, length fast. Some aggregates have spherulitic extinction.

A nalcite: Colorless or pale pink, moderate negative relief, isotropic.

Grossularite: Colorless, high positive relief, isotropic, normally in the form of scattered small equant crystals.

Z eo lite: Colorless, low to moderate negative relief, birefringence higher than feldspar or even quartz in some cases, extinction is commonly undulose and twinning is rare. Occurs both as a cement and replacing feldspar or rock. fragments. Incipient alteration of feldspar or rock fragments to zeolite is common in the Buckley, Fremouw, and F alla Formations. 19

QUARTZ A

FEU3SPATHIC \ LITHIC

50/

IMPURE ARKOSIC LITHIC

■ALL ROCK \FRAGMENTS, FELDSPAR, X m ic a s SO Figure 4. lYlineralogical classification for Beacon sandstone modified from Folk (1954) and Pettijohn (1954). 20

&

w

Figure 5. Altered volcanic fragments in a sandstone (L214) from the upper p a rt of the Buckley Formation, Lowery Glacier. A - Feldspar laths in an opaque groundmass. B - Fragment with structures that may have been vesicular. C - Felsitic fine-grained fragment. Plain light; x 100. Photo - J , IÏ1, Schopf.

Figure 5. Two altered volcanic fragments in the sandstone shown in Figure 5. A - Felted texture with feldspar laths in an opaque groundmass. B - Poorly developed trachytic texture. Plain light; x 200. Photo - J . m. Schopf.

à 21 (material finer than 20 microns) is partly a function of

the grain size of the sample.

The identity of some original grains and matrix could

not be determined because of the secondary formation of zeolite,prehnite, and some calcite. For consistency, all c a lc ite mas counted as such, and z e o lite and prehnite were included in the "rest” class (see Table 5), even though in a few instances the form or situation of the secondary mineral indicated the identity of the original material.

Therefore, samples containing much secondary calcite or zeolite may have had a lower quartz content than their location on the ternary diagram suggests. Some tuffaceous sandstones also may have had a slightly lower quartz content because many volcanic fragments are difficult to distinguish from the matrix, and some may have been counted with the matrix. Where mineral abundances have been summarized and quoted in the text, ")?* represents the arithmetic mean and

”s” the standard deviation.

Grain Size Analyses Grain size analysis on mechanically broken-down samples was not attempted for this suite of rocks because of the degree of alteration and induration of many of the samples. Instead, the grain size distribution was obtained by measuring grain diameters in thin section and applying the transformation of Friedman (1962). This transformation gives a grain size distribution comparable with a sieve a n a ly sis. 22 The measures of central tendency and dispersion used

in later discussion of the analyses are the moment mean and

standard deviation. Only measurements of grains of similar density, that is, quartz, feldspar and rock fragments, mere used in the -values calculated for Table 4. These and other s t a t i s t i c s (Appendix I I ) mere computed by the w riter with the help of a program written in SCATRAN, an Ohio State University compiler language similar to FORTRAN. The result

of recomputation of each analysis after inclusion of the "matrix" for each sample can also be. found in that appendix. Although skemness and kurtosis have been computed for the data, Friedman's transformation is not sensitive enough fo r the computed values to have any meaning in terms of the actual grain size distribution.

Permian System

Mackellar Formation D efinition

The Mackellar Formation mas named by Grindley (1963, • p. 329) to include "dark carbonaceous shales mith sandstone

bands overlying the Pagoda Tillite in the Beardmore region." From further work in the type area at the head of the Tillite Glacier, Lindsay (1963) described in detail a section 9.3 km north of Mount Mackellar that includes the

entire Pagoda and Mackellar Formations, and has proposed this section (83° 54.3' S; 166° 33' E) as the type for both formations. Here the lowest strata of the Mackellar 23

Table 4. Moment mean and standard deviation in phi units of the size distribution of quartzo-feldspathic and lithic grains in samples from the Beardmore Glacier area*

Standard Standard Sample Mean Deviation Sample Mean Deviation

Mackellar F ormation Lower Fremouw Formation

L009 3.35 0.82 UJ116 1.94 1.02 Z301 4.37 0.92 IU117 1.07 0.81 Z303 3.15 0.84 L218 2.17 0.80 LOOS 4.46 0.91 F009 2.04 0.63

Middle & upper Fremouw Fra* Fairchild Formation F 014 2.99 0.66 B003 2*71 0*73 F022 1*77 0*63 B006 3.04 0.71 F029 2.25 0.65 M105 2.60 0.67 F030 0.56 0.68 . M107 2.10 0.72 F045 1.95 0.61 Ml 09 2.82 0,89 F048 2.39 0.72 • Z304 2.04 0.72 F056 2.49 0.67 LOll 2.77 0.88 F404 2.70 0.80 L013 1.70 0.52 F509 2.23 0.63 LOIS 2.92 0*93 F 533 2.35 0.62 F 537 1.90 0.72 Buckley F ormation (ark o sic) KlOl 2.40 0.87

Z035 2.38 0*70 Falla Formation M114 2.11 1.00 F063 1.93 1.00 L112 1.44 0.85 F067 2.65 0.81 F406 2.34 0.76 Buckley F orma tion ( volcanic) F201 1.93 0.70 F213 2.27 0.75 8200 1.98 0.98 F216 2.50 0.73 Z038 2.28 0.78 F222 2.29 0.81 L214 2.00 0.85 F237 2.23 0.87 K006 2.18 0.85 K008 1.32 1.20 K028 1.39 0.76 24

Formation consist of thin beds of black shale and light-gray

fine-grained sandstone, which conformably overlie massive

pebbly greenish-gray mudstone of the Pagoda Formation* Dolerite has been intruded along the contact of the Mackellar Formation with the overlying light-colored massive sand­

stone.

Distribution and thickness The Mackellar Formation crops out in a belt that extends

0 north from Buckley Island to Mount Miller and then west to

the Moore Mountains. The least thickness measured (55 m) is at Bunker Cwm (Z3), and the formation thickens to the south and west, reaching 140 m at Buckley Island (Young and

Ryburn, 1966) and 143 m in the Moors Mountains (the sum of 89 m above the dolerite sill at A3, and 54 m measured by

J. F. Lindsay below that sill 5 km to the northwest). The Mackellar Formation has also been described from the central Nimrod Glacier area, where it varies from 12 to 105 m in thickness (Laird and others, in preparation). Wade and others (1965), in the Shackleton Glacier area, have assigned both a unit of carbonaceous shale and thin-bedded sandstone 137 m thick, and the overlying massive fine- to coarse-grained sandstone 167 m thick, to the Mackellar

Formation. Only the carbonaceous shale unit is here con­ sidered equivalent to the Mackellar Formation. 25

Lower contact At the type section the lowest bed of the Mackellar

Formation is a massive black fissile shale 2.3 m thick, which lies conformably on a massive medium- to coarse-grained sandstone typical of the Pagoda Formation (Lindsay, 1968).

At seven widely spaced localities (fig. 2, M3, ZO, Z3, DO, 01, CO, AO) the lowest unit in the formation is a similar dark-gray to black shale from 4 ra (M3) to 26 ra (DO) thick.

This unit overlies gray or greenish-gray pebbly shale or mudstone with at some places sharp, and at others grada­ tional, contact. At the only other locality where the contact was examined (LO), no pebbles were found in the highest greenish-gray shale of the Pagoda Formation, and the basal black shale of the Mackellar Formation is only 2.4 m thick.

Lithology From the Tillite to the Lowery Glacier the formation consists mainly of two lithologies, laminated medium-gray to black shale, which commonly is dominant, and light-gray to white very-fine-grained sandstone that in most cases is m icrocrosslam inated. Beds normally range from a few c en ti­ meters to about 1 m thick, though dark shale forms units as much as 26 m thick that contain only a few thin fine­ grained sandstone beds. In some sections northwest of the Tillite Glacier, the formation includes sheets and lenticu­ lar units of massive fine- to medium-grained sandstone from 25

5 to 25 m thick, more like the overlying Fairchild than the

mackellar Formation. In the western part of the area, the Queen Elizabeth Range, the Mackellar Formation is much

sandier and dark shale is uncommon. Beds of fine- to medium-grained sandstone, like that of the overlying Fair­ child Formation, alternate with similar or greater thick­ nesses of light- to medium-gray or greenish-gray very-fine- grained sandstone or siltstone. In the Moore Mountains, at AO, the contacts between these units are in most places gradational, but at A3 the sandstone and siltstone beds form at least two distinct "fining-upwards" cycles (Allen, 1965) 13 and 13 m thick. The coarser sandstone includes shale fragments near the erosional base of the cycle (figs. 7, S), and grades upward in to the fin e r sandstone or s ilts to n e in which the overlying erosion surface is cut. A number of white limestone beds as much as 30 cm thick and extending for many meters laterally are interbedded with dark shale and very-fine-grained sandstone in the Tillite Glacier area. Elsewhere, limestone beds are rare, although thin lenses of gray limestone that weather brown were found in the lower part of the formation at LO and AO, and in the upper part of the formation at A3 (fig. 9). The geometry of the beds suggests that they were deposited at about the same time as the adjacent clastic beds, but the limestones contain no structures to indicate under what conditions they accumulated. Spheroidal brown-weathering epigenetic cal­ careous concretions occur at several localities, particularly in the fine-grained beds. 27

Figure 7* The middle part of the Mackellar Formation at A3, Moore Mountains, looking northwest. The base of a ”fining-upiuards" cycle is arrowed* A closer view of the contact is shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8. A closer view of the erosion surface in Figure 7. The surface is cut in microcrosslaminated silty shale, and is overlain by shale pebble conglomerate and hard fine-grained sandstone. 28

Figure 9. A limestone bed (arrowed), 15 cm thick, in the upper part of the Mackellar Formation at A3, Moore Mountains*

Figure 10. A dropped (?) granitic cobble near the top of the Mackellar Formation at MO, Tillite Glacier* 29

Uarvoid lamination mas found within a few meters of the top of. the Mackellar Formation in the Moore Mountains (A3) in an otherwise massive gray mudstone* There are two laminated intervals 10 cm thick, 1 m apart and 3 m below the top of the formation* Laminae counted on a 5-cm-thick sample (A309) average 4*5 ram in thickness and range from

2*3 to 7*0 ram* Each lamina is separated by a sharp contact and grades from a medium silt at the base to clay at the to p . Wear the top of the Mackellar Formation at the head of the Tillite Glacier, there is a massive poorly sorted green sandstone about 25 ra thick at M3 and 21 ra thick at MO* At both localities the sandstone contains several spheroidal geodes about a meter across with crystals of calcite inside*

A body of channel sandstone 3 m thick was found 8 ra above the base of the massive sandstone at MO. The unit was not found in exposures of the formation other than at the Tillite Glacier, and Lindsay (1968) noted its absence from the forma­ tion at the mouth of the glacier* The only known exotic clasts in the Mackellar Formation, apart from those brought in by the Moore Mountains mudflow

(Lindsay, 1958, in press), were found in a thin lens about

16 m below tha top of the formation on the Tillite Glacier

( mo ). The clasts are as much as 20 cm across, and are mainly granitic* Laminae below the largest clasts are strongly depressed (fig* 10). No striated clasts were found* 30

Petrography The sandstone samples from the IKlackellar Formation tend

to be arkosic to subarkosic (Table 5, fig. 11) with plagio­ clase about three times as common as K -feldspar. However,

in the Moore Mountains (samples A002 and AOOS) K-feldspar, some of it microcline, is present in similar proportions to

the plagioclase. Most quartz grains are subangular to sub-

rounded, clear and with little or no strain but a few are angular or very-well-rounded. Chlorite is the most common

micaceous mineral and most rock fragments are from low grade

metasedimentary rocks. The matrix is mainly micaceous, though some samples have a high proportion of calcite cement.

Size analysis of the coarser beds from the Tillite to the Lowery Glacier (Table 4) shows th at most "sandstones" have a mean grain size very close to, and on either side of, the fine sand-coarse silt boundary, and are moderately

so rted .

Primary structures Most of the sandy beds in the Mackellar Formation are parallel- or microcrosslaminated; medium-scale cross-bedding is rare, but parting lineation was recorded in several of the coarser grained sandstone units. Asymmetrical ripple marks with sinusoidal cro ss-sectio n s were found a t most localities but were not seen in the Tillite Glacier area. Measurements on 10 sets of ripple marks in the lower part of the formation at LO gave an average wave-length of Table 5. Modal analyses (in percent) for samples from the Mackellar Formation.

Sample Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase L ith ic Mica C alcite Rest Number Matrix

M302 56 6 15 0 1 0 18 4 • MOOg 41 4 13 X 0 0 39 3 Z31Î1 34 5 13 X 5 37 4 2 Z3I33 70 8 11 X 1 0 8 2 L005 50 3 17 X 8 9 9 4 L009 66 X 7 2 4 4 13 4 A002 48 13 16 2 3 2 7 9 A008 49 16 15 6 4 0 7 3 Mean 51.8 7.0 13.3 1.3 3.2 6.6 13,1 3.7 Standard 12.8 Deviation 12.1 5.5 3.3 2.1 2.4 11.5 2.1 32

QUARTZ

• SAMPLE POINTS lL009, -if- MEAN VALUE

/•M 302 ■ M009

.ALL ROCK \FRAGMENTS, FELDSPAR, \ m ic a s

Figure 11. Composition of sandstone samples from the Mackellar Formationo 33

27 cm (range 15 to 38 cm), and an average ripple index of 16 (range 8 to 30). Linguoid rip p le marks normally about 30 cm across are quite common. Bulbous sole marks about 0,5 cm deep were found near the base of the formation at LO, There are similar struc­

tures in scree fragments from the Blackellar Formation at IÏ11 and ZO, and in a tongue of Blackellar-type strata within

the Fairchild Formation at Z3,

Lindsay (1968, in press) has described a mudflow 6.6 m

thick within an otherwise normal section of the Blackellar Formation at the western of the Moore Mountains, The

mudflow u n it contains an assemblage of exotic c la s ts sim ilar

to th a t of t i l l i t e in the underlying Pagoda Formation as well as rafts of sandstone apparently derived from the Mackellar Formation itself. More localized penecontem- poraneous mass movement is recorded a t Mount Weeks (CO), where the lower 3 m of a sandstone unit 50 m above the base

of the formation has slumped and rotated. The beds remained more or less coherent during movement and some now dip at as much as 50°, However, 100 m to the south the same sandstone unit has a sharp undeformed sedimentary contact with the unit below. Lesser slumping, with folds as much as 30 cm high, was found at two levels at LO.

Paleontology Evidence of life in most of the Mackellar Formation is lim ited to a few t r a i l s about 2 mm wide in the middle and 34 upper p a rt of the formation a t ZO, Z3 and AO* However, a t

Mount Meeks (CO) many trails and impressions of at least four varieties (Figs. 12-14) cover the ripple-marked surfaces of a fine-grained thin-bedded sandstone unit that extends from 62 to 73 m above the base of the formation.

Some surfaces have been disturbed by shallow burrowing

(F ig. 15).

Correlation and age Units equivalent to the Mackellar Formation have been found in several areas southeast of the Beardmore Glacier

(Table 2); these range in thickness from 50 to 300 m. Lithologie descriptions resemble those of the type Mackellar

Formation, although black shale is more common in several sections, p a rtic u la rly in the south Queen Maud Range and the Wisconsin Range. The Mackellar Formation and its equivalents in the central Transantarctic Mountains are thought to be no older than Permian, based on a recent study of a plant micro­ fossil assemblage from beds equivalent to the Pagoda Forma­ tion. According to Schopf (1965, mms. p. 8), spores from a bedded intra-tillite deposit on Discovery Ridge of the Ohio

Range bear close sim ila rity to Muskoisporites tria n g u la ris that Potonie and Lele (1959) identified from the Talchir beds in India. Bissacate forms compared with Potonieisporites and filicoid spores resembling Granulatisporites orbiculus of Potonie and Lele, also previously reported from the 35

Figure 12. Trails in the Mackellar Formation at CO, Mount Weeks.

Figure 13. Trails in the Mackellar Formation at C0> Mount Weeks.

" ip 36

Figure 14, Marks of possible animal or plant origin, Mackellar Formation, Mount Weeks (CO).

Figure 15, Burrows and coprolites( ?) in the lïlackellar Formation a t CO, Mount Weeks, 37

Talchir needle Shale in India, are rare. Schopf stated

(1966, mms. p. 13), "The spores from the middle of the

tillite still retain a Permian aspect and provide no tangible support for assigning the tillite to the Carboni­

ferous." All known equivalents of the lïlackellar Formation are overlain by coal measures that also are Permian (p. 75).

Environment of deposition and source

The fine-grained and moderately sorted nature of the lïlackellar sediments indicates subaqueous deposition in a low energy environment, such as a lake, lagoon or quiet sea. From where it pinches out in the Nimrod Glacier area, the iïïackellar Formation and its equivalents to the south­ east can be traced more or less continuously to the Ohio Range, a distance of about 1000 km. There is l i t t l e change in the typical lïlackellar lithology, which consists of laminated alternating very-fine-grained sandstone or silt- stone and dark shale, although to the northwest, in the Queen Elizabeth and Holland Ranges, sandstone is coarser and more common. The the southeast, and particularly between the Scott Glacier and the Ohio Range, black shale is such a prominent and distinctive lithology in the lower part of a sequence equivalent to the lïlackellar Formation th a t i t was made a separate stra tig ra p h ie u n it (lïlinshew, in Doumani and lïlinshew, 1965). Changes in the thickness of the formation seem to be of local significance only; 38

there is no consistent trend from the Beardmore Glacier to the Ohio Range. The above features suggest deposition on a stable platform with at least local restriction in water circula­

tion and with regional sediment transport from the northwest,

Paleocurrent measurements also indicate a direction of sediment transport consistently from the northwest in the

Beardmore Glacier area (p. 175), in the Axel Heiberg-

Shackleton Glacier area (Barrett, 1955), and in the area

from the Scott Glacier to the Wisconsin Range (lïlinshew, 1967). The mineralogy of the sandstone samples suggests a granitic and quartzose metamorphic and sedimentary source, the d e tritu s coming from a te rra in much more quartzose than the pelitic schist that presently underlies most of the

Beardmore Glacier area. Two lines of evidence support a fresh or brackish body of water for the depos-.tional environment of the lïlackellar

Formation and its equivalents at least as far south as the

Axel Heiberg G lacier; a. the limited indications of animal life in the

strata, and b. the high Sr^T/Sr^^ ratios for limestones from the lïlackellar Formation, like those from the definitely non-marine Buckley Formation (Barrett and others,

1968). The Sr®^/Sr^^ ratios indicate that there was not free exchange between waters of the lïlackellar basin and the Permian oceans. 39

A point previously considered to favor a marine environment of deposition for the Mackellar Formation is its lack of lithologie variation and its vast extent, suggesting deposition in an extremely large body of water.

However, fflinshew (in press) has recently pointed out the similarity in lithology and extent of the Iïïackellar and equivalents to the southeast with the largely non-marine sediments of the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia, a body of water 1500 km long and an average of 300 km wide in which salinities are less than half of the marine value over most of the area. 40

Fairchild Formation D efinition The name Fairchild Formation is here proposed for a

cross-bedded fine- to medium-grained sandstone that overlies the lïlackellar Formation, and is overlain by the Glossopteris- bearing coal measures in the Beardmore Glacier area. The formation is named from Fairchild Peak (2180 m), near the mouth of the Tillite Glacier, and the unit is typically exposed on the ridge that runs from Fairchild Peak up to

Mount lïlackellar. The formation is 146 m thick a t the type section (Ml), which is a rock buttress on the northwest face of Mount Mackellar (Fig. 15) 4.8 km northwest of the summit at 83° 56.8* S; 166° 29* E. Strata here included in the Fairchild Formation were first described by Grindley (1963) as the lower part of the Buckley Coal Measures, but have been set apart because of their distinctive massive character and general lack of coal or carbonaceous shale. The lower contact of the formation at the type section is placed at the base of the lowest thick bed of massive medium-grained sandstone. The strata below this are fissile fine-grained sandstone; massive sandstone is the dominant lithology above, though thin very-fine-grained sandstone beds as much as a meter thick persist for about 10 m above the contact. The contact of the Fairchild Formation with the overlying coal measures is the base of the lowest sandstone containing white rounded quartz pebbles. 41

Figure 16. Worth face of Mount Mackellar, northern Queen Alexandra Range. Upper and lower contacts of the type section of the Fairchild Formation are arrowed. Dolerite sills form the steep bluffs. 42

Distribution and thickness The Fairchild Formation, like the lïlackellar Formation, crops out in a belt extending north from Buckley Island to Mount Miller and mest to the Moore Mountains. The formation thins to the east and southeast, from about 200 m in the

Moore Mountains to 136 m at Mount Miller and 128 m near Mount M ackellar. However, near Mount Wild, 160 km south of the Moore Mountains, the unit is at least 198 m thick, and on nearby Buckly Island equivalent beds are 222 m thick

(Young and Ryburn, 1966).

Lower contact The base of the Fairchild Formation, which is well- exposed at many places between the Tillite Glacier and the Moore Mountains, is sharp, although stringers of Mackellar- type shale are common in the lowest part of the formation in the Tillite Glacier area. In section to the northwest, the change in lithology across the contact is normally more abrupt; at Bunker Cwm (Z3) and in the Moore Mountains (A3, A4) the lower contact is an erosion surface overlain by sandstone with shale fragments near the base.

Lithology Most of the Fairchild Formation consists of a light- gray fins- to medium-grained sandstone that weathers light gray or light reddish brown. The lower part of the formation typically forms bluffs (Fig. 17), and the upper part, which 43 commonly includes bads of fissile very-fine-grained sand­ stone and shale, forms slopes. Shale and fine-grained sandstone fragments, some more than 30 era across, raere found at a number of localities in the middle and upper parts of the formation (Fig. 18). Sections of Mount Wild (BO) and in the Queen Elizabeth

Range have considerably more carbonaceous m aterial, in the form of laminae, small fragments, stems, or (especially at

LO) coal streaks, than other sections in the area.

Rounded exotic c la s ts become increasingly common in the

Fairchild Formation toward the northwestern part of the area. None were found in the Holland or northern Queen

Alexandra Ranges, but a quartz and a quartzite pebble were noted near the base of the formation near Mount Wild (80) and 35 pebbles were recovered from a similar level at Turnabout Ridge (LO). In the Moore Mountains and at Mount Weeks pebbles are common in the lower 50 m of the formation, both scattered through the sandstone and as stringers. Similar isolated pebbles occur higher in the formation at most sections examined in the Moore Mountains area. Most of the pebbles from Turnabout Ridge and the Moore

Mountains are of quartzose raetasedimentary rocks (Table 6), in contrast to both the varied pebble lithologies of the underlying Pagoda Formation, and the rounded white quartz pebbles that characterize the Buckley Formation and define its base (p. 56). Most of the Fairchild pebbles are moderately well rounded. They normally range from 2 to 10 44

Figure 17. Looking west at the Mackellar and Fairchild Formations at LO from the Pagoda- Mackellar contact. The top of the Fairchild Formation, though not exposed here, is thought to be close to the top of the ridge.

Figure 18. A broad scour surface overlain by sandstone containing large torn-up shale fragments, middle part of the Fairchild Formation at AO, Moore Mountains. Table 6. Lithologies of pebbles from the Fairchild Formation in the Moore Mountains (A014) and Turnabout Ridge (L014); from six beds in the Pagoda Formation at the base of section AO, Moore Mountains (from Lindsay, 1968); and from five samples of quartz pebble beds at and near the base of the Buckley Formation (BOll, Z022, Z318A, L105, L108). Numbers of pebbles are in parentheses.

Sample Number Quartzite* Graywacke Schist* Quartz Chert Limestone Qnaiss^ Volcanic

AÜ14 74 7 2 7 4 - 6 (100) L014 74 - 3 11 9 - - 3 (35)

Pagoda 30 F ormation tr 6 6 11 6 40 X (877) Buckley 3 F ormation 5 tr 88 - 1 1 (352) *includes several varieties of quartzite and feldspathic sandstone.

+includes argillite.

cn 46

cm in diameter but.some in,the Moore Mountains are as much as 30 cm across. Because of their localized distribution, rounding and dominance of quartzose metasedimentary lithol­ ogies, it is suggested that rock luas a quartzite- dominated conglomerate some tens of kilometers northwest of the Moore Mountains. Laird and others (in preparation) report a conglomerate of quartzite pebbles in basement rocks

40 km to the northwest, but Adamson and others (in prepara­ tion) have recorded quartzite pebbles at about this stratigraphie position even further to the northwest in the Geologists Range.

Petrography

The Fairchild Formation consists mainly of arkose (Table 7, Fig. 19), feldspar being one-third to one-half as common as quartz; K-feldspar, some of it with microcline twinning, is as common as plagioclase in most of the section, but decreases markedly in proportion to plagioclase near the top of the formation. The lithic fragments are from low grade metasedimentary rocks. Cloudy reddish-brown biotite, probably from a similar source, is the most common mica.

Most heavy mineral grains are garnet. The matrix is mainly sericitic but a few samples.are calcite-cemented.

As in the Mackellar Formation, most of the quartz grains in thin sections of sandstone appear subrounded, but a few are very-well-rounded. The latter probably were derived from the Alexandra Formation, which also supplied large Table 7. Modal analyses (in percent) for samples from the Fairchild Formation

Sample Number Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase Lithic Mica Calcite Matrix Rest

8001 37 14 2 5 1 4 0 1 4 5 B003 55 11 11 1 1 3 1 6 2 8006 44 6 27 1 7 3 9 3 8010 53 4 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 M104 57 8 1 5 2 2 0 1 4 2 M105 66 10 12 1 0 1 8 2 M107 64 15 11 3 0 0 5 2 M108 53 16 2 0 2 X 0 7 2 Miog 56 9 2 1 2 1 0 a 3 Z013 64 . 13 11 5 1 0 4 1 Z018 62 6 1 4 3 2 0 9 4 Z020 79 1 5 4 1 0 7 3 Z304 74 8 7 2 X X 6 3 LOll 57 11 9 4 2 11 5 1 L013 69 11 6 2 X 8 3 1 L018 53 9 1 8 1 5 0 11 3 AOlO 52 19 1 3 2 2 4 5 3 A016 57 6 1 8 X 3 2 11 3 Mean 58.5 10, 1 4 . 5 2 . 0 1 . 7 1 . 8 9 . 1 2 . 5

Standard in Deviation JL u # w 4 • 6 . 4 1 . 3 1 . 8 3 . 1 4 . 5 1 . 1 48

QUARTZ

SAMPLE POINTS Z020 MEAN VALUE

%304

/ eU3l3 / mk » A m MIOT^ \ •ZO®/

/ mi09

/V , «AOIO MK)8

50; 50 BOOl

ALL ROCK ^.FRAGMENTS, FELDSPAR, \ m ic a s SO

Figure 19. Composition of sandstone samples from the Fairchild Formation. 49 quantities of quartz sand to the lower part of the Pagoda

Formation (Lindsay, 1968). The mean grain sizes are mainly in the fine sand range, and the sorting is good.

Primary structures Much of the Fairchild Formation is parallel-bedded, and parting lineation is common. Intervals about 10 m thick containing sets of medium-scale cross-bedding about

0.5 m thick are common. lYlicrocrosslamination generally occurs in much thinner units, about 2 m thick, mostly in the lower few meters or the upper 30 m of the formation.

Lom-angle discordant bedding is widespread, and is particu­ larly well developed near Mount Wild and in the Queen Elizabeth Range where there are broad scours a t le a s t 15 m across and 3 m deep, with shale and fine-grained sandstone fragments more than 30 cm across at the base. A channel 2.4 m wide and 0.6 m deep (Fig. 20) has been cut in white medium-grained sandstone near the base of the formation at

Bunker Cwm. The channel i s f i l l e d with greenish-gray fin e ­ grained sandstone in which the bedding laps against the channel walls* A number of broad scour surfaces in the Moore Mountains are covered by thin patches of lag gravel of quartzite pebbles (p. 45). At A4 the base of the channel is exposed as a bench (Fig. 21). The lower meter of channel fill is gritty sandstone with patches of pebbles as much as 30 cm across near the base; the upper 2 m, which is gray 50

Figure 20. Channel 5 m above the base of the Fairchild Formation at Bunker Cwm (Z3). Bedding laps against channel walls.

Figure 21. This platform is the floor of a stream channel 17 m above the base of the Fairchild Formation at A4, Moore Mountains. The stream flowed from upper left to lower right, The channel axis is about 15 m to the left (west) of the photograph, but the fine-grained channel fill extends only just into the photographed area because here it has been partly eroded and replaced by a later channel sandstone ( c e n te r). 51 very-fine-grained sandstone in u/hich the upper 30 cm is slumped and brecciated, probably represents quiet mater deposition in a local cut-off. The fill pinches out mithin 15 m on either side of the channel axis. At Bunker Cmm m icrocrosslam ination and linuoid ripple marks are common mi thin a tongue of lïlackellar-type beds in the Fairchild Formation. This tongue includes a 4-m-thick sequence of thin-bedded sandstone. Fine-grained sandstone beds, each several centimeters thick with sole-marked lower surfaces, alternate with laminated very-fine-grained sand­ stone beds of similar thickness. Within the sole-marked strata a set of 10-cra-high slump folds lean to the south approximately in the direction of the regional paleoslope and give proof of small-scale penecontemporaneous mass movement. The asymmetrical form of some se ts of sole marks, which lie in rows, can be seen in sections perpendicular to the strike of the rows. The direction in which the sole marks lean i s about th at of the slump folds described above* The sole marks may have formed by sediment loading and differential compaction but they seem to have been influenced by slight mass movement related to the slope of the depositional surface. Similar sole marks and a set of dessication cracks were found in slabs of material from the immediately overlying beds. 52

Paleontology

The only identifiable fossil remains from the Fairchild Formation of the Beardmore Glacier area are leaf impressions of Ganoamopteris sp. (cf. G_. obliqua McCoy) (identified by

Dr. J . 1ÏÎ. Schopf, U.S.G.S. Coal Geology Laboratory, Ohio State University) collected by Ralph Baillie and the writer from the Moore Mountains (AO). The leaf impressions (Schopf coll. no. Ant-67-8-150) are from a pebble-bearing sandstone unit 24 m above the top of the Mackellar Formation and 120m above the Pagoda Formation. The leaves are associated with a great deal of carbonified stem material, which is widespread throughout the Fairchild Formation in the northwestern part of the Beardmore Glacier area.

Correlation and age Strata equivalent to the Fairchild Formation have been reported from Buckley Island by Young and Ryburn (1956), who described the lower part of the Buckley Coal Measures as consisting of 222 m of massive sandstone overlying the Mackellar Formation. Laird and others (in preparation) state that, at the head of the Nimrod Glacier, "the basal

800 ft. (240 m) of the (Buckley Coal Measures) formation is made up of cross-bedded, coarse, yellow sandstone containing carbonaceous fragments." In both investigations, the Mackellar Formation was recognized but none of the investi­ gators reported the presence of quartz pebbles within the coal measures. The 167-m-thick unit of "buff-colored. 53

fine- to coarse-grained sandstone..." placed by Wade and

others (1955) in the lïlackellar Formation is also considered equivalent to the Fairchild Formation. The relationship of these to equivalent units in more distant areas is shown

in Table 2 (p . 15 ).

The age of the Fairchild Formation is defined by the same limits as were established for the Mackellar Formation.

Ganoamopteris near the base of the Fairchild Formation does little to better define the age of the formation, presum­ able Permian, although it is stratigraphically the lowest

known occurrence of an element of the Glossopteris flora in

Antarctica.

Environment of deposition and source Layers of intraformational clasts as well as the occasional broad scours and exotic clasts in the northwestern part of the area indicate deposition in an environment in which strong currents were common and point to fluvial deposition. The dominance of sandstone in the section shows that the quantities of sand were readily available, and the abundance of carbonaceous material (including stems) indi­ cates a nearby non-marine environment. It is suggested that the formation was deposited by aggrading streams on an alluvial plain. The immature mineralogy, indicated by the high feldspar content, and the generally poor rounding of the sand grains indicates deposition and burial with minimal reworking. The source area, as for the Mackellar Formation, 54

was largely granitic and contained more quartzose sedimen­

tary and metasedimentary rocks than the local pelitic basement includes. The immediate source of the sand is thought to have been the large reservoir of rock debris

left by the Pagoda glaciation(s), rather than the contem­

poraneous erosion of the basement. No large topographic

highs are known to have existed at this time for at least

1000 km north-northw est of the Beardmore G lacier. However,

the possibility of a supply of fresh detritus from orogenic

belts marginal to the present limits of available outcrop in the sourceward direction cannot be completely discounted.

Buckley Formation

D efinition Grindley (1963) gave the name Buckley Coal Measures to

the Permian coal-bearing beds of the Beardmore Glacier area, and designated as the type section the strata exposed from the ice level of the Beardmore Glacier above Lizard Point (Fig. 22) to the top of Mount Wild. The name was taken from Buckley Island, about 16 km to the southeast, where the coal measures were discovered by Frank Wild of the 1907-09 British Antarctic Expedition. The lower part of the Buckley Coal Measures of Grindley has been set apart in this paper as a separate formation, the Fairchild

Formation. It is proposed that the name Buckley Formation be applied to the remaining upper part of the Buckley Coal Measures, that is, to the coal-bearing strata, and that 55

Figure 22. The Fairchild and the lower part of the Buckley Formation a t BO on the west side of the Beardmore Glacier above Lizard Point, looking west. The arrow indicates the base of the type Buckley Formation. 56

the type section be part of that designated by Grindley, beginning 200 m above the ice level of the Beardmore Glacier at the level at which quartz pebbles are present. The upper contact has been eroded away at the type locality, but was found to the north, near the head of the Wahl G lacier (Wl). East of the Beardmore G lacier from Mount Kinsey to McIntyre Promontory, carbonaceous beds of the Buckley Formation are overlain disconformably by quartzose sandstone and non-carbonaceous greenish-gray mudstone of the Fremouw Formation.

Distribution and thickness The Buckley Formation is widely distributed in the Beardmore Glacier area, but a complete section has yet to be measured. The lower 300 m of the formation are exposed near Mount Wild at the type section (B0-B2) and in the Holland Range (ZO, 23), The upper 250 to 350 m of the formation are exposed in the central Queen Alexandra Range

( w o , Wl) and between the heads of the Beardmore and Ramsey Glaciers. Thicker sections were measured around the Bowden Neve, the th ick est being a to ta l of 745 m by combining two sections (LI, L2.) near the head of the Lowery Glacier. Although the upper contact was not found, boulders of white medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone were d is­ covered in the snow at the top of section L2; the mineral composition (p. 90) is very similar to that of the basal orthoquartzite of the Fremouw Formation. If the correlation 57 of LI and L2, which are 15 km apart but intruded by the same sill, is correct, 745 m is probably close to the true thick­ ness of the Buckley Formation in this area.

Lower contact The base of the Buckley Formation has been placed at the base of the lowest quartz-pebble-bearing sandstone in the Permian post-glacial section of the Beardmore Glacier area. Rounded white quartz pebbles (F ig. 23) appear in the section in about the same stratigraphie position — within the transition zone between the massive sandstone from 100 to 200 m thick (F a irc h ild Formation and equivalents) and the overlying coal measures — over a distance of 1000 km from the Queen E lizabeth Range (CO) to the Ohio and Wisconsin Ranges (Long, 1959; Minshew, 1966). In p a rts of the Queen E lizabeth Range the base of the lowest medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone (Fig. 24) is taken as the base of the formation because such sandstone seems to occur at about the same horizon as the lowest quartz pebbles in the northern Queen Alexandra Range (Ml). In sections in the Moore Mountains and at

Painted Cliffs, white rounded quartz pebbles are scattered through a greenish-gray laminated siltstone that is 24 to 27 m above the base of the quartzose sandstone. That horizon is found 24 m above the lowest quartz pebble horizon in the section in the Tillite Glacier area (Ml). 58

Figure 23. Rounded white quartz pebbles in a sand matrix from the base of the Buckley F ormation at IÏ12, near Mount Mackellar (O.S.U. photo). Baris $ cm long.

Figure 24. Quartzose -"4 gritty sandstone over­ lies arkosic sandstone a t A2, Moore Mountains. The contact marks the base of the Buckley F ormation in the Queen Elizabeth Range. 59

Although ths formational contact is sharp, change in

gross lithology in many places is gradual. In some local­ ities the dark shale beds typical of the coal measures appear as much as 24 m below the contact; at other local­ ities the lowest dark shale is as much as 20 m above the base of the formation.

Lithology The Buckley Formation consists of a crudely cyclic sequence of subarkosic and lithic (volcanic) sandstone, carbonaceous shale and mudstone, and minor coal. Both subarkosic and volcanic sandstone beds typically have a basal erosion surface, and grade upward into carbonaceous shale. The sandstone weathers light greenish gray or reddish brown, is fine- to medium-grained, and includes stringers and laminae of greenish-gray fissile very-fine­ grained sandstone. Shale fragments, mostly 3 or 4 cm across but some as much as 40 cm across, commonly are concentrated in the lower 30 cm of the sandstone bed. Logs and stem fragments as much as 30 cm across are less common, though two or three large concentrations of logs were found in most of the thicker sections measured. Most shale in the Buckley Formation is medium gray to black, and coaly in a few places. Greenish-gray shale is much less common. Thin lenses of white-weathering light­ er medium-gray blocky mudstone, in which some of the best- preserved plants are found, appear in the upper part of the 60 formation» They are uncommon northwest of the Beardmora

Glacier, but form a considerable part of the upper 200 m of the formation at Graphite Peak and McIntyre Promontory to the southeast. The lower part of the formation contains a much higher proportion of sandstone than the middle and upper parts. In the lower part, which ranges in thickness from 55 m at

Painted Cliffs to 124 ra on the Lowery Glacier, fine- to medium-grained sandstone comprises about 70 percent of the section. The middle and upper parts of the formation are about 30 percent sandstone. However, at two localities.

Mount Miller and Mount Mackellar, massive cliff-forming volcanic sandstone at least 200 m thick (Figs. 25, 26) seems to make up the entire upper part of the formation. The sandstone was reached with some difficulty on Mount

Miller and then could be sampled only in the lower 40 m (Z040-42), which contain a number of log im pressions. Binocular examination failed to reveal any persistent shale units higher on the face of either mountain.

The quartz pebbles in the Buckley Formation are rounded, subspherical, and generally range in diameter from 1 to 5 cm (Fig. 23), although some are as much as

25 cm across. Associated pebbles of other lithologies normally form about 10 percent of the total pebbles (Table S). In the Tillite Glacier area, and at Z3 and LI, the pebbles are scattered through sandstone in the lower 61

Figure 25. Strata from 150 to about 520 m above the base of the Buckley Formation high on the southeast face of Mount Miller, capped by a dolerite sill and ice cliffs. Site of Figure 25 is arrowed.

Figure 26. Bedded volcanic sandstone that forms the light- colored cliffs in Figure 25. Dark patches under the overhang are log and stem impressions. 52

24 to 40 m of the formation* At BO, 20, PO,' CO, and DO,

they are in a single bed at or near the base of the forma­ tion, and at 80 and PO the pebbles are very scarce. A few thin concentrations of similar quartz pebbles, mostly less

than 4 cm with some as much as 10 cm across, also occur locally in the middle and upper parts of the formation throughout the area. The pebbles are particularly common

near the base of beds of quartzose sandstone 220 to 175 m below the top of the formation at McIntyre Promontory.

Coal normally forms less than one percent of the section in the lower part of the formation and at some

localities is absent. Coal beds were recorded in the middle and upper parts of the formation in 10 of the 12

sections measured and in the southwest part of the area coal comprised 3 to 6 percent of most sections (C3, PI, RO, 82). At Mount Wild (82) there is at least 10.7 ra

of coal in the formation, mostly in a bed 8.5 m thick and

36 m below the summit of Mount Wild. Probably more was once present, for several bodies of graphite as much as three meters thick were found in a dolerite-intruded and brecciated zone from 150 to 210 m above the base of the for­ mation at 81. Graphite was found also at Graphite Peak

(where i t had been previously recorded by McGregor, 1965) and near the base of the McIntyre Promontory section. At

Painted Cliffs (Pi) there is a total of about 15 m of coal, including one bed 10,7 m thick, a ll from 380 to 480 ra above the base of the formation. 63

Varvoid lamination mas first reported from the Permian coal measures of the Beardmore Glacier area by Gunn and

Walcott (1962, p. 422 and Fig. 5). They described "regular, graded laminations, each about 4 mm thick" in 30 cm of claystone in a section on Bengaard Wunatak, 16 km west of Bunker Cu/m. Mudstone, about 1 m of which has varvoid lamination, mas found by this writer 250 and 400 m above the base of the Buckley Formation on Mount Picciotto

(P i), and 360 m above the base of the formation on Mount

Miller. The laminae at Mount Picciotto (Fig. 27) are similar in thickness and regularity to those figured-by

Gunn and Walcott, but those at Mount Miller range from 0.8 to 4 mm in thickness and average only 1.4 mm per lamination.

Petrography Sandstone samples from the Buckley Formation (Table 8,

Fig. 28) fall into tmo major groups — arkosic-subarkosic and lithic (volcanic) sandstones. Samples from the lower part of the formation are all subarkosic or arkosic, but in the middle and upper parts of the formation volcanic sandstone (sandstone which more than 10 percent of the fragments are of volcanic origin) generally is more common. The lowest volcanic sandstone is from 100 to 200 m above the base of the formation in most sections, but the lowest level at which volcanic fragments mere clearly recognized is at the base of the formation near Mount Wild (8012). 64

Figure 27. Varvoid lamination 400 m above the base of the Buckley Formation at Mount Picciotto (Pl), southeastern Queen Elizabeth Range. Tabla 8. Modal analysas (in percent) for samples from the Buckley Formation, Numbers in parentheses are percentages of volcanic fragments.

Sample Quartz Number K-feldspe ARKOSIC SANDSTONES 8012 13 14 21 3 ( 3 ) 0 37 1 11 8014 45 5 2 0 3 j 1 ) 0 0 2 2 5 8016 67 3 1 0 1 o ) X 1 17 1 M114 60 0 1 6 1 0 ) 4 0 1 4 5 UI004 39 1 33 1 x ) 1 0 2 0 5 1U115 42 1 27 6 ( l) 8 0 13 3 Z023 68 0 22 X o ) 0 0 7 3 ZO20 62 1 13 9 ' g ) 0 0 1 3 2 Z035 32 8 4 6 1 0 ) 4 0 7 2 L105 54 2 17 2 (,X) 5 0 17 3 L112 62 0 14 1 ( 0 ) X 0 2 1 2 L114 62 10 17 1 ( o ) 1 0 8 1 L2Ü6 41 12 14 3 ( X) 1 3 4 9 4 DOlO 56 14 2 1 ( o ) 4 4 1 5 4 A019 64 9 10 0 (; o ) X 12 1 4 Mean 51.2 5.3 1 8 . 9 2 . 2 2.7 3.8 1 0 . 9 4 . 9

Standard 1 C A c r i X D • ^ 3 • w 1 0 . 5 2 . 5 3.8 9,7 6.6 6.1 Deviation

cn m Table 8 (Continued)

Sample Quartz K-feldspar Plagloclase Lithic Mica Calcite Matrix Rest Number VOLCANIC SANDSTONES HOIB 10 5 22 27 (25) X 0 32 4 8200 6 0 55 21 (20) 0 0 7 11 8202 8 2 16 25 (22) 1 0 47 1 UJlOl 5 0 35 45 (43) 0 0 8 7 UJ114 15 0 28 17 (16) X 25 6 9 Z030 10 2 34 38 (36) 1 0 11 4 Z038 10 0 29 34 (30) 1 0 21 5 Z040 6 1 24 33 (30) 1 0 32 3 L208 9 0 31 34 (31) X 1 23 2 L214 4 1 36 44 (43) 1 2 11 1 Mean 8.2 1.0 31. 2 31 .7 0.5 2.9 19.9 4.7

Standard 3.1 .3 0.4 Deviation 1.6 10. 4 9 7.7 13.9 3.2

m CTl 57

QUARTZ

• ARKOSIC SANDSTONE A VOLCANIC SANDSTONE

+ MEAN ARKOSIC SANDSTONE

- f MEAN VOLCANIC SANDSTONE

,DOIO / ' Z 0 2 3 ,M II4 .A0I9* /«ZOZS

• UI4\»L106

B 0I4

104 WII5 50, ,5 0

• ZD35'

SOI 2 W II4

H0I8*Z038 *8202 ^«L 208 Z030 *Z040 4 8200

,ALL ROCK VRAGMENTS, FELDSPAR J^ICAS 50 Figure 28. Composition of sandstone samples from the Buckley Formation. 58

Quartz and feldspar grains in the Buckley Formation are mainly angular to subrounded, whereas volcanic frag­ ments tend to be subrounded to well-rounded. The heavy minerals are more varied than in Fairchild sandstone, and include, as well as garnet, zircon and tourmaline, and a granular epidote-like mineral that may be secondary* Opaque minerals are very common in some of the volcanic sandstones, fflica (both muscovite and light- to dark-brown biotite) tends to be more common in the arkosic and subarkosic

()T = 2.7 percent) than in the volcanic sandstone samples

(Z = 0.5 percent), though the variation is large. Musco­ vite normally occurs as large clear flakes, whereas biotite often appears leached and as small wavy flakes clouded with fine black specks.

The arkosic and subarkosic sandstone samples have a slightly lower average quartz content than those of the Fairchild Formation. The K-feldspar, mostly plutonic in origin as shown by the common grid-iron twinning, is as abundant in samples of the Buckley Formation from the Queen Elizabeth and south Queen Alexandra Ranges in the west ()T = 8 percent) as it is in samples from the Fairchild

Formation throughout the area (X* = 10 percent). Samples from the Buckley Formation in the e a st (from M114 to Z035, Table 8) have a varied K-feldspar content that averages only 2 percent, although the total feldspar content (X = 25 percent) is not very different from that of the formation to the west ()T = 22 percent). 59

These figures indicate that the quartz-plagioclase-

K-feldspar source which supplied sand from the northwest quadrant (p. 176) in Fairchild times was restricted to an area west of the Queen Elizabeth Range in Buckley times. A new and independent quartz-plagioclase source dominated

Buckley sedimentation in the east, although occasionally sand from the west reached as far east as Mount Miller

(Z035). The volcanic sandstone samples are much lower in

quartz (7=8 percent) and K-feldspar (7 = 1 percent) and much higher in plagioclase and lithic fragments (7 = 31 percent, 32 percent, respectively) than the arkosic and

subarkosic sandstone samples (Table 8). Although one to three percent of the rock is made up of grains of sedi­ mentary or metasedimentary origin, most lithic fragments are of the type described in Table 3 under "volcanic fragments." Many of the volcanic fragments, which are altered to varying degrees, appear to have relict vesicular and flow textures (Figs, 4, 5). A few samples (especially 8202 and Z040) have a very high percentage of m atrix. This is probably due to the inability to recognize some individ­ ual volcanic fragments because of secondary alteration. Much of the matrix in these samples is very-fine-grained,

dark gray under crossed niçois, and has a poorly developed fo lia tio n . 70

Volcanic material in the Permian Beacon rocks was first recognized by Minshew (1967). lïlinshew found pyro-

clastic detritus in sandstone beds throughout the Queen lîlaud Formation in the Scott Glacier area, and noted the dominance of this material in the upper part of the forma­

tion. More recently, Gregory (iji Adamson and others, in

preparation) has recognized relict volcanic textures in thin sections of sandstones high in the Buckley Coal

measures in the Geologists Range at the head of the Nimrod

G lacier.

ffletamorphism resulting largely from the high temper-

tures induced by dolerite sills has caused the growth of

prehnite and, less commonly, grossularite in calcareous beds near sill contacts, and the incipient alteration of

feldspar rock fragments and matrix to zeolite. Extensive zeolitization in the Permian of the Beardmore Glacier area

was seen only in thin sections of the lower part of the Buckley Formation near Mount Wild (BO); the mineral was

identified by X-ray diffractometer as laumontite. No extensive albitization was found. All three secondary

minerals were reported from the Permian of the Axel Heiberg-Shackleton Glacier area by Barrett (1966), and prehnite and laumontite were found in the Scott Glacier-

U/isconsin Range area by Minshew (1967).

There appears to be little textural difference between the volcanic and subarkosic sandstones of the Buckley Forma­ tion (Table 4), which are fine- to medium-grained and 71

moderately sorted. Presumably at least the final stages

of transportation and deposition mere similar.

Primary structures Most of the sandstone units, particularly in the lower part of the formation, contain trough-cross-bedding, with sets from 15 to 60 cm thick. Some sandstone units, however,

show only low angle discordant bedding, like those des­

cribed from the Fairchild Formation. Parting lineation

was rarely recorded, probably because of the lack of

well-cleaved bedding surfaces. Microcrosslamination is common in the very-fine­

grained sandstone and shale units into which the coarser

grained sandstone normally grades. Well-preserved ripple marks are quite rare, and were found only in the lower 300 m of the formation. They normally have a low symmet­

rical sinusoidal cross-section, but have an asymmetrical internal structure of dipping laminations from which the flow direction can be determined. Twelve sets of ripple marks were measured about 137 m above the base of the formation on Mount Picciotto (Pl). The wavelength averaged about 8 cm and the ripple index about 18. Ripple marks measured from other sections have wavelengths from 3 to 10 cm and ripple indices from 5 to 16.

Paleontology Plant fossils, mainly leaves of Glossopterls and associated genera, are common particularly in the middle 72

and upper parts of the formation. A number of collections mere made and are presently being studied by Dr. J. W.

Schopf. Concentrations of flattened stems and logs, some silicified and some volatilized by dolerite intrusion, mere found in volcanic sandstones. All the silicified logs have mell-developed gromth rings, indicating a strongly seasonal climate. Small roots found in place 100 m belom the top of the form ation a t Graphite Peak and 210 m belom the top of the formation at McIntyre Promontory have been identified by Dr. Schopf as Vertebraria.

Trails and burroms, although not common, mere found at all levels in the formation, and in most of the sections measured. The trails, normally about 2 mm wide, are straight or slightly sinuous, mith some more than 30 cm long. At four localities ((Ï14, Pl, L2, A4) burroms from

3 to 5 mm mide are associated mith trails (Fig. 29). Ovoid structures (possibly copralites) mere found mith the trails at L2 and ZO.

Correlation and age Beds equivalent to the Buckley Formation have been reported from most parts of the Transantarctic Mountains. '

In south V ictoria Land many w riters — among them F errar (1907), Webb and McKelvey (1959), Webb (1953), Allen

(1962), Gunn and Warren (1962), and lïlatz and Hayes (1966) — have described Glossopteris-bearinq coal measures that are nom knomn to disconformably overlie Devonian ortho- quartzite (lïlirsky, 1965; Harrington, 1965). In the 73

Figure 29. Trails, burrows and coprolites(?) 152 m above the base of the Buckley Formation at Mount Picciotto (Pl), southeastern Queen Elizabeth Range. 74

Darwin Mountains, 450 km north of the Beardmore G lacier,

the equivalent of the Buckley Formation is the 93-m-thick

IKIisthound Coal Measures (Haskell and others, 1965), which contains Ganqamopteris, and which disconformably overlies the Darwin T i l l i t e . Laird and others (in preparation) extended the name

Buckley Coal Measures into the Nimrod Glacier area. The lower part of the formation in that area has been compared

with the Fairchild Formation (p. 52), and although no

quartz pebble horizon was reported, the upper part of

their Buckley Coal Measures is here considered equivalent

to the Buckley Formation. Young and Ryfaurn (1966) also

did not report a quartz pebble horizon in the Buckley Coal Measures of Buckley Island, although in Shackleton

(1909), the lower part of a 460-m-thick section of coal measures is described as "Seven-hundred-foot (210 m) sandstone with numerous water worn quartz pebbles in the lower beds. These pebbles are from one to two inches in

diam eter." Young and Ryburn do describe, as the Lower Buckley Coal Measures, a 222-m-thick predominantly sand­ stone unit of massive appearance, which is here considered equivalent to the Fairchild Formation. The Middle Buckley

Coal Measures, which are described as "carbonaceous and micaceous mudstone, siltstone and cross-bedded quartz sandstone" by Young and Ryburn (1966), are considered equivalent to the Buckley Formation. 75

Units that are equivalent to the Buckley Formation

in the Shackleton Glacier area to the south are called

the Buckley Coal Measures by Wade and others (1965); in

the central Queen Maud Mountains they were referred to as u nit C by B arrett (1965). Minshew Doumani and

Minshew, 1965) called equivalent beds the Queen Maud Formation in the area from the to the

Wisconsin Range. They are represented, in the Ohio Range, by the middle and upper parts of the Mount Glossopteris

Formation (Long, 1965). The assignment of a Permian age to the Buckley Forma­ tion depends largely on the age of suggested equivalent u n its in south V ictoria Land and the Ohio Range, where floral assemblages and other fossils have been studied in more detail. Plumstead (1952) concluded that assemblages that included Ganqamopteris indicate a "Permo-Carboniferous" age, whereas the higher pure Glossop teris collections are of Permian age. However, a lower lim it for the G lossopteris- bearing coal measures of the central Transantarctic Mountains has been established through the discovery of spores with Permian a f f in itie s in the Buckeye T illite of the Ohio

Range (p. 34, Schopf ms., 1966). That the upper part of the formation is no younger than Permian is suggested by the presence of Glossopteris without Dicroidium 150 m below the top of the formation at the head of the Wahl Glacier (Wl), and 4 m below the top of the formation at Graphite Peak (GO). Also, Doumani and Tasch (1955) have 76

reported conchostracans of Middle and Upper Permian age from the upper part of the Mount Glossopteris Formation in

the Ohio Range, although in that area the contact with

the overlying unit has been eroded away.

Environment of deposition and source

The trough-cross-bedded sandstone, the shale fragments, the coal, the logs and leaves, and the "fining-upwards" cycles of the Buckley Formation indicate deposition on a

slowly subsiding flood plain with ephemeral lakes and

swamps and meandering streams that flowed generally to the east and south (p. 177). The possibility of a glacial origin for the varvoid mudstone in the Buckley Formation

was seriously considered by Grindley (1953), but neither the mudstone nor the adjacent beds have features other than the graded laminae to associate them with glacial activity. It is possible that the grading resulted from

deposition in shallow lakes in a strongly seasonal climate. Such a climate is independently indicated by the well- developed growth rings in silicified logs from the Buckley

F ormation. the mineralogy indicates two different source areas for the non-volcanic sand of the Buckley Formation. An area of granitic and metasedimentary rocks, like that which pro­ vided sand for the Mackellar and Fairchild Formations, supplied sediment to the Queen Elizabeth and southern Queen Alexandra Ranges (from the west according to paleocurrent 77

d a ta ). The eastern p a rt of the Beardmore Glacier area mas

supplied from the north fay a nem quartz-plagioclase source,

indicating an area with much less granite exposed than that which supplied the underlying formations. Because lithologie equivalents of the Buckley Formation extend much

farther north than those of the Mackellar and Fairchild Formations, the quartz-plagioclase source for the eastern

part of the area probafaly also lay farther north than the

quartz-plagioclase-K-feldspar source that supplied the

Mackellar, the Fairchild and some of the Buckley Formation,

Andssitic-dacitic volcanism began shortly after the

deposition of the lowest beds in the formation, and quickly

became the dominant, though a discontinuous, source for

sand detritus. The sand includes both pyroclastic and flow fragments, but no vents or flows of Permian age have

been found in the Transantarctic Mountains,

T riassic System

Fremouw Formation D efinition

The name Fremouw Formation is here proposed for quartzose sandstone and interbedded noncarbonaceous mud­ stone beds totaling 75 to 125 m thick, and the overlying 530 m or more of greenish-gray and gray mudstone and light-colored sandstone, that lie disconformably on the Buckley Formation in the Beardmore Glacier area. The type 78

section (FO, Fig. 30) is on the southern slopes of a group of lorn peaks on the south side of the mouth of the Prebble

Glacier, and extends upward from the top of a dolerite sill at ice level (84° 17.8' Sj 164° 7' E). The 1 ower contact is not exposed at FO, and was found in the Queen Alexandra Range only at tUl near the head of the Wahl Glacier. The upper contact of the formation is the base of a massive sandstone, that weathers reddish brown, in

a northwest-trending gully (84° 17.8* S; 164° 18' E) about

30 m below and 300 m southwest of Fremouw Peak, from which

the formation name was taken.

Distribution and thickness

In the Queen Alexandra Range, the Fremouw Formation extends from the Marshall Mountains in the south to the Wahl Glacier in the north. Further north a massive sand­ stone at least 200 m thick can be traced by eye, as Grindley (1963) noted, around the east, north and west margin of the Grindley Plateau, and might be equivalent

to the basal quartzose sandstone beds near the head of the Wahl Glacier. The boulders of medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone 745 m stratigraphically above the base of the Buckley Formation near the head of the Lowery

Glacier (LI, 2) may also come from this horizon. The Fremouw Formation extends at least as far west as Mount Sirius, where a total of 190 m of the lower and middle parts of the formation were measured. The sedimentary 79

Figure 30. Looking northwest From F3 to Fremouw Peak, central Queen Alexandra Range. Short arrows indicate the base of the type section of the Fremouw Formation (FO), and the upper contact with the Falla Formation. The long arrow indicates the col in which large logs were found.

Figure 31. Looking up 1000 m from near the base of EO to the summit of Mount Kinsey. Foreground slopes are carbonaceous shale and mudstone of the. Buckley Formation. The arrow indicates the base of the bluff-forming quartzose sandstone beds that dominate the lower part of the Fremouw Formation. 80 s tr a ta of the lïlacAlpine H ills, from 15 to 40 km north, appear from a distance to be of similar lithology and in the same stratigraphie position. The Fremouw Formation is extensively exposed east of the Beardmore Glacier from the Supporters Range to McIntyre

Promontory, 100 km to the east. Near Graphite Peak a composite section, which includes both formational bound­ aries but in which the correlation from GO to G1 is poor, is at least 670 m thick, and perhaps as much as 800 m.

The g re a te st thickness measured west of the Beardmore

Glacier is 614 m at the type section (FO), That may be close to the total thickness for the formation in this area, for a thin medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone interval begins 294 m above the base of the type section, and at ll/l on the U/ahl Glacier, where the lower contact of the formation is exposed, a similar quartzose sandstone was found 297 m above the base of the formation. At Mount Kinsey the quartzose beds begin 350 m above the base of the formation, but at Graphite Peak, 120 km south­ east of the UJahl Glacier, they crop out only 295 m above the base of the formation.

Lower contact At the head of the Wahl Glacier (UJl) the lowest quartzose sandstone bed rests disconformably on carbonace­ ous shale of the Buckley Formation. Mudstone interbedded with the quartzose sandstone is light greenish gray and 81

noncarbonaceous, in contrast to the shale of the upper

part of the Buckley Formation. The lower contact of the

Fremouw Formation here has no detectable relief over several hundred meters, but there are shale fragments as much as 15 cm across in the lower 1.2 m of the basal

quartzose sandstone* The lower contact east of the Beardmore Glacier was seen a t Mount Kinsey (EO), Graphite Peak (GO), and McIntyre

Promontory (HO). At Mount Kinsey the change across the

contact from carbonaceous Glossopteris-faearinq mudstone

and coal to hard quartzose sandstone and light-greenish-

gray siltstone is striking (Fig. 31). The base of the •

low est quartzose sandstone, which o verlies a thin coal bed, is sharp but not demonstrably erosional, although

most of the sandstone beds in the overlying 70 ra provide evidence of local erosion in the form of mudstone fragments

near the base* At Graphite Peak well-cemented sandstone lenses, bounded above and below by sharp contacts, separate a carbonaceous shale and lithic sandstone sequence below from the quartzose sandstone and noncarbonaceous siltstone sequence above. The lower boundary of the Fremouw Forma­ tion is placed at the base of the sandstone unit.

McGregor (1965), who first described the Graphite Peak section, placed the upper boundary of the Buckley Forma­ tion at the base of a prominent quartzose sandstone 62 82

m higher in the section, probably because it is coarser grained, pebbly, and more obviously quartzose than the

sandstone beds beneath* At McIntyre Promontory, just above a dolerite sill half way up the section, a coal seam 2.4 m thick with an

iron-stained upper surface is overlain by a "fining-upwards" cycle 60 m thick of sandstone and noncarbonaceous silt­

stone . The sandstone is very similar to many in the upper

Buckley Formation — it is fine-grained, contains some

silicified woody streaks in the upper part and contains much volcanic detritus (HOIB, Table 8, Fig. 28) — but the siltstone is like those of the overlying Fremouw Formation.

Both units of the overlying sandstone-siltstone cycle are

typical of the lower Fremouw Formation — the sandstone is subarkosic (H019, Table 9, Fig. 35) with abundant well- rounded quartz grains. The base of the Fremouw Formation is tentatively placed at the erosion surface marking the base of the latter cycle.

Lithology The lower and middle parts of the Fremouw Formation consist of an alternating sequence of sandstone and greenish- gray siltstone lacking in carbonaceous material. In the upper part of the formation sandstone dominates the section and carbonaceous m aterial becomes common. The sandstone is mostly arkosic and lithic, but in the lower 75 to 125 m and in a thin interval in the middle of the formation the • 83

sandstone is quartzose. Cycles are best developed where the sandstone is quartzose and consist of, in ascending

order, an erosion surface, a massive trough-cross-bedded sandstone with siltstone fragments near the base, and a small-scale cross-bedded fine-grained sandstone that grades upward into light-greenish-gray siltstone. The basal quartzose beds were first found on the Wahl

Glacier, where they comprise 6 cycles from 8 to 41 m thick, in which each erosion surface is overlain by a massive white medium-grained cross-bedded quartzose sandstone that weathers reddish brown. Scattered small quartz pebbles are present in the lower meter or two of each cycle, but mudstone fragments were found near the base and at higher levels in the cycle. The upper part of each cycle con­ sists of very-fine-grained light-greenish-gray sandstone which in some instances is followed by light-greenish-gray shaly siltstone. These well-developed cycles at Wl pass upward into an alternating sequence about 300 m thick of light-greenish-gray mudstone and sandstone. The lower quartzose part of the formation was seen at five other localities (HO, GO, EO, FO, SO) and it seems unusual that the sections most similar are those most widely separated (HO, GO, SO). These three sections have a characteristic coarse-grained quartzose sandstone bed at or near the top of the lower part of the formation that contains, besides numbers of rounded white quartz pebbles, dark-gray spheroidal pebbles that have a rough surface 84

and readily absorb moisture. Some have an indistinct

foliation. The pebbles in thin section contain scattered

quartz, and less commonly plagioclase, grains as much as 0.13 mm long, and thin seritic flakes all set in a micro­ crystalline matrix. There is no overall preferred optical

orientation. The X-ray powder pattern of pebble material from Mount S irius (S005) and Graphite Peak (G019) shows

the presence of quartz and a little feldspar, and includes

unidentified major peaks at 2.70 R and 2.80 ^. No

lithology lik e th is is known from Beacon or basement

rocks in the Beardmore area.

At the type section (FO) of the Fremouw Formation, the

lower 79 m which now overlie a d o lerite s i l l have a cyclic character similar to that of the basal quartzose beds and are probably equivalent, although the beds at FO are less quartzose than most others at that stratigraphie position

(Table 9). The sandstone units in the lower part of the formation at FO rest on sole-marked erosion surfaces, are massive, light-gray, fine- to medium-grained, and range

in thickness from 2 to 7 m. Mudstone fragments, mostly

2 to 5 cm with some as much as 30 cm across, are common near the base of each unit, but quartz pebbles are scattered throughout several of the beds. Each such sandstone grades up into greenish-gray very-fine-grained sandstone (and in some cases to siltstone), into which the erosion surface of the overlying cycle is cut. 85

From 79 to 246 m above the base of the type section

the formation consists of greenish-gray mudstone and very- fine-grained sandstone, with occasional lenses of light- gray or light-pink fine- to medium-grained sandstone, as much as three meters thick, resting on an erosion surface.

Just above these beds there is a medium-grained sandstone unit with stringers of subrounded to well-rounded pebbles, as much as 12 cm across, of acid to intermediate volcanic rocks (54 percent), vein quartz (32 percent), and meta- sediraentary rocks (15 percent, Table 10). The interval of quartzose sandstone in the middle of the formation at FO, from 294 to 324 m above the base of the section, includes two beds of medium- to coarse-grained white quartzose sandstone 18 and 8 m thick. Both beds have concentrates of red garnet in the lower meter or two, and are slightly calcareous. Similar but thinner pebbly medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone units were found from 39 to 62 m above the base of FI and in the lower 17 m of F3, both on the nearby Prebble Glacier. The quartzose interval was also found southeast of the

Beardmore Glacier (p. 80). The upper part of the formation at the type section consists of about 300 m of light-gray slope-forming fine- to medium-grained sandstone (Fig. 32). Accumulations of mudstone and fine-grained sandstone fragments, mostly from 2 to 10 cm but as much as 50 cm across, are common j u s t above the erosion surfaces that are evident both at the 85 bass of and within this sandstone. Coal streaks and frag­ ments of stems and logs as much as 1 m across were also found. The level a t which carbonaceous m aterial becomes abundant in the upper part of the Fremouw Formation varies considerably even in the Prebble Glacier area. At the type section only the upper 30 ra has much carbonaceous material, but at F3, 4.8 km to the southeast, the upper 120 m is carbonaceous. About 3,2 km farther to the southeast, at

F5, carbonaceous shale f i r s t appears 255 m below the top of the formation, but at Mount Kirkpatrick and at Kenyon

Peaks the uppermost Fremouw Formation contains no carbon­ aceous shale. Coal beds were found at two localities in the type area. A 2.4-m-thick bed, 9 m below the top of the formation at Fremouw Peak (FO), has been partly coked by the adjacent dolerite sill. At F3 there are two coal beds, 1.5 and 3 m thick, in the upper 19 m of the forma­ tion (Fig. 33). Figure 34, which shows the proportion of fine- to medium-grained sandstone in each part of the formation, gives some basis for three broad divisions of the forma­ tion, that is, into quartzose sandstone, greenish-gray mudstone, and impure arkosic sandstone. These divisions are readily apparent in the only other area containing a more or less complete section, the area near Graphite Peak, 120 km to the southwest. Here there upper part of the section also becomes very carbonaceous and has a coal 87

K

Figure 32. Slope-forming massive sandstone 290 m below the top of the Fremouw Formation at F3, Prebble Glacier. The ice axe lies across a broad scour surface with a line of mudstone fragments just above it.

Figure 33. A coal bed 1.5 m thick in the upper few meters of the Fremouw Formation at F3, Prebble Glacier. The lowest sandstone of the Falla Formation is in the upper part of the photograph. 88

UPPER F4 GO EO F3 Gt F0FIG2 TO

HO GO EO FO FI W! SI

LOWER- GO HO FO EOWl SO

0 20 40 60 80 100

PERCENT FINE- TO MEDIUM-GRAINED SANDSTONE

Figure 34. The thickness of fine- to medium-grained sandstone in each section measured in the Fremouw Formation is plotted as a percentage of the total thickness of that section. X - arithmetic mean. 89

bed, 3 m thick,’ 60 ra below the upper contact. Silicified

coaly lenses and logs with well-preserved growth rings, a feature of the upper 10 ra of the type section, are common here in the upper 200 m of the formation.

Petrography The sandstones of the lower part of the formation are subarkosic or orthoquartzitic (Table 9, Fig. 35). Most of the quartz is clear, unstrained, and ranges from sub­ rounded to very-well-rounded. An opaque dust forms the boundary between quartz grains and the quartz cement. Feldspar is variable in both abundance and composition. Plagioclase is common (from 12 to 20 percent) only in samples from FO (Prebble Glacier) and H019 (McIntyre Promontory). K-feldspar, much of it microcline, was found in all but three of the 11 samples, but averaged only 5 percent. Mica is rare or absent from samples from the lower part of the formation, and volcanic fragments were identified only in samples from the type section and McIntyre Promontory. Calcite was found only in FOll (18 percent), but may have originally been common in prehnite- bearing samples 5004 from Mount Kinsey and G015C from

Graphite Peak. The composition of the sandstone from the middle and upper parts of the type section of the formation varies little, apart from the thin quartzose interval. However, samples from Mount Kirkpatrick and Graphite Peak have a Table 9. Modal analyses (in percent) for samples from the Fremouw Formation. Numbers in parentheses are percentages of volcanic fragments.

Sample Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase Lithic Mica Calcite Matrix Rest Number

LOWER FREMOUW FORMATION LESS FO H021 84 9 5 2 X 0 0 0 X H019 54 0 15 6 4' X 0 22 3 E004 51 0 X 0 0 0 0 1 48 8004 82 4 2 1 0 , X 0 9 2 W117 93 4 0 1 0 , 0 0 2 0 W116 67 9 X 12 0 0 0 11 1 W120 92 6 X 1 0 , 0 0 1 X L218 62 13 1 X 0 0 0 23 1

Mean 73.0 5.6 2.9 3.1 0.1 0.0 8.5 6.9

Standard 1 4.2 0.2 0.0 9.3 16.5 Deviation 16.7 4.5 4.9

LOWER FREMOUW FORMATION AT FO FOOl 56 4 21 0 0 12 2 F0G9 59 9 12 X 0 9 2 FOll 49 0 17 X 19 7 1 Mean 54.7 4.3 16.7 6.7 0.2 6.1 9.6 1.7 Standard 2.0 0.3 0.4 Deviation 5.1 4.3 4.5 10.6 2.9

VO a Table 9 (Continued)

Sample Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase Lithic Mica Calcite Matrix Rest Number

MIDDLE AND UPPER FREMOUW FORMATION. MAINLY QUEEN ALEXANDRA RANGE G028 25 4 14 35 32, X X 11 11 G207 21 2 19 38 34 3 X 7 10 F014 30 5 35 9 6 , 5 0 13 3 F020 45 0 29 7 6 , 3 0 12 4

F022 44 0 16 a 6 , X 0 31 1 F023 45 0 16 11 10 , 1 0 26 1 FG24 28 5 32 19 18 0 1 12 3 F026 33 5 34 18 15; 0 0 7 3 F029 20 7 23 12 10 3 X 34 1 F034 26 6 42 15 15 1 0 8 2 F042 23 15 22 4 4 1 27 7 1 F044 24 9 39 16 14, 2 1 6 3 F045 18 5 46 22 13, 2 1 3 2 F048 26 7 33 11 11 1 0 16 6 F050 29 6 26 17 s; X 0 20 2 F052 22 7 27 22 12 , 7 0 9 6 F053 18 4 37 26 14, 3 1 8 3 F056 25 6 36 19 14, 1 3 8 2 F402 21 6 33 21 18, 2 1 12 4 F404 30 7 20 15 14, 3 3 19 3 KlOl 27 3 16 26 2 0 21 5 K103 38 3 8 17 is' 0 0 30 4 Mean 28.0 5.3 27.5 17.7 1.8 1.7 14.5 3

Standard o ? 3,2 10.3 8.4 1.8 5.8 8.9 2 Deviation * UD Table 9 (Continued)

Sample Quartz Plagioclase L ithic Mica C alcite Matrix Rest Number K-feldspar

QUARTZOSE SANDSTONE HORIZON. MIDDLE FREMOUW FORMATION F030 57 12 4 25 0 1 G030 51 7 10 1 I 0 25 1 Mean 53.9 9.6 7.3 2.9 0.6 12.4 12.5 0.8

Standard 4.7 4.1 .4.2 3.1 0.8 17.5 17.7 0.4 Deviation

MVO 93

QUARTZ

• WI17 • LOWER FREMOUW FM •WIZO + MIDDLE FREMOUW FM

QUARTZOSE INTERVAL (MIDDLE FREMOUW FM)

X UPPER FREMOUW FM •W II6

G 0A 3 0, F0ll«»ro09 FO O l# F 0 22

4 - F023

F014 F 0 2 6 + + + XG0Z8 P03^X + + 6 FM4X XM02 XF05Z

ALL ROCK FRAGMENTS, FELDSPAR, MICAS

Figure 35. Composition of sandstone samples from the Fremouw Formation. 94 higher proportion of rock fragments. Generally the quartz content is considerably lower ()T = 28 percent) than that of the sufaarkoses of the Buckley Formation, and is much higher than that of the volcanic sandstones. Plagioclase, which normally is cloudy and in many cases partly zeolitized, is as common as quartz, and K-feldspar is more widespread, though perhaps not as abundant locally, than it is in the

Buckley Formation. K-feldspar forms less than one percent of the total rock in only 3 of 24 samples from the middle and upper Fremouw Formation, but in 13 of 25 samples in the Buckley Formation, In the middle and upper parts of the formation, volcanic fragments are more abundant than other lithic fragments in all but one case, and form an average of 13 percent of the rock. The volcanic fragments are similar to those in the Buckley Formation and have the characters described in Table 3, The other lithic frag­ ments are mainly of fine-grained sedimentary or low-grade roetasedimentary origin. Both muscovite and brown biotite are present in small amounts in most samples, Calcite in more than trace amounts was found in only two of the 24 samples (F030, F042), A "sandstone” bed 282 m above the base of the formation at Ull (Wahl Glacier) was found upon thin section examina­ tion to be a vitric tuff (Fig, 36), Although almost 100 thin sections of Fremouw sandstone samples have been ex­ amined, no other tuffs have been identified. The form of the glass shards has been preserved by localized 95

Figure 35. Vitric tuff (U/130) from the middle part of the Fremouw Formation, UJahl Glacier. The curved forms are glass shards that have been replaced by calcite. Plain light; x 100. Photo - J . 1ÏI, Schopf. 95

calcification in subspherical areas about 1 cm across,

which constitute about 20 percent of the rock. Outside

of the calcified areas the rock appears very-fine-grained

and dark under crossed niçois, but in places shard forms are outlined by fine-grained micaceous flakes. The shards are mostly angular elongate fragments 0.2 mm long, commonly

with undistorted partially or completely outlined vesicles about 0,05 mm across. Clear angular quartz and light- to dark-brown biotite each comprise about 2 percent of the rock. The plagioclase (about 15 percent) is very cloudy, and locally has been partly replaced by calcite. A few

greenish-gray mudstone beds in the middle part of the formation in the Prebble Glacier area (FO, Fl) have scat­

tered white rectangular patches one or two millimeters across, which give the rock a volcanic appearance in the field. A thin section (F028) was very fine grained, micaceous and had a volcanic aspect, but no specific features to identify the rock as a tuff could be found. The field identification of intermediate to acid volcanic pebbles from the type section (sample F025, p. 85) were confirmed by thin section examination; the pebble examined is probably of andesitic or dacitic composition. Some relict flow structure is evident in the groundmass, which is very fine grained, dark under crossed niçois, and has no preferred orientation. The phenocrysts are mainly subhedral to euhedral plagioclase as much as 3 mm long. 97

A feiu small clear quartz crystals and a variety of small xenoliths of quartz siltstone, chert and with trachytic texture, are also present. Spherulitic chalcedony has replaced considerable areas of the groundmass, and a • chloritic mineral locally replaces plagioclase as well as being scattered through the chalcedony. The lack of region­ al metamorphism indicated by the lack of preferred optional orientation of the groundmass suggests a post-Ordovician age for the pebbles. There is no indication of post-

Ordovician and pre-Permian volcanism in the central Transantarctic Mountains, and a Permian or Triassic age for the pebbles is favored. Zeolite in the Fremouw Formation replaces plagioclase and to a lesser extent rock fragments, and occurs as a cement. Three sandstone samples for which point counts indicated more than trace amounts of zeolite (F532, G028, G207) were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer — laumontite was positively identified in each. Laumontite had previous­ ly been described from Graphite Peak by the writer (in

McGregor, 1965). At GO near the base of the s i l l th at caps Graphite Peak, white but locally pink-stained acicular crystals were found in veins in greenish-gray siltstone. The X-ray powder pattern showed the mineral to be stilbite. Most sandstones, whether from the lower, middle, or upper part of the formation, are fine to medium grained and moderately well sorted (Table 4). 98

Primary structures Trough-cross-bedding is common in many sandstone

units, but the thick sandstone beds in the upper part of the formation are mainly parallel-bedded or have loo- angle discordant bedding. Lenses of mudstone fragments are commonly associated with the erosion surfaces defined by the lour-angle discordances, but when traced laterally, most pinch out into massive sandstone. Microcrosslamina­

tion is common in fine-grained sandstone stringers raithin coarser beds, and in the very-fine-grained sandstone beds, but few rip p le marks were seen.

Sole marks are common on erosion surfaces at the base of the more quartzose sandstone units, occurring generally as elongate depressions 2 or 3 cm long. Larger and more spectacular "comet-shaped" scour features (Fig. 37) were found at the base of the coarse-grained quartzose sand­ stone 294 m above the base of the type section (FO). These forms are about 30 cm across and 10 cm high at the "head" and have a raised tail at least a meter long that tapers in the downstream direction. Although the tails of these forms point to 0°, cross-bedding indicates a flow direc­ tion of 320° for the current depositing the overlying sandstone.

Paleontology Most of the traces of invertebrate life were found at GO, SO, and 0/1, where quartzose sandstone beds in the lower part of the formation contain burrowed beds. The burrows 99

have a circular cross section from 5 to 10 mm in diameter

(Fig, 38). Most are perpendicular to the bedding plane,

although some lie in it. Trails also were noted at 11/1, where they are about 10 cm across and more than 30 cm long. Similar burrows are common in the middle part of the forma­

tion at GO, but elsewhere they have been found only at one

level at SI and at EO. The discovery of the left posterior part of the lower jawbone of a labyrinthodont amphibian (Fig. 39) at Graphite

Peak, in a quartzose sandstone 76 m above the base of the

Fremouw Formation, by the writer accompanied by David

Johnston, has been described and evaluated (Barrett and others, 1968). No closer identification has been made.

The mold of a gastropod (Fig. 40) was found in burrowed strata at the top of the same quartzose sandstone.

Features thought to be calcified roots and rootlets are common in the upper part of the Fremouw Formation.

The most common variety consists of more or less vertical sinuous rods about 5 ram across, extending down as much as

60 cm from the upper surfaces of some fine-grained sand­ stone and mudstone units. No forms with the internal structures preserved have been found, but in sample F028 from Fremouw Peak the surface of a vertical rod 1 cm in diameter has fine striations (about 3 per millimeter) parallel to the plant axis. This, together with the common association of these root-like forms with longitudinally- striated stems, suggests that the roots and stems might 100

Figure 37. Scour forms at the base of the quartzose sandstone 292 m above the base of FO, Fremouw Formation, Prebble Glacier. Ice axe points in the inferred current d irec tio n .

Figure 38. Burrows on bedding plane 77 m above the base of the Fremouw Formation, at GO (Graphite Peak). 101

Figure 39. mold of gastropod in quartzose sandstone 77 m above the base of the Fremouw Formation at Graphite Peak ( go ).

0 10 20 30 40 50 mm

Figure 40, Labyrinthodont jawbone fragment in place 76 m above the base of the Fremouw Forma­ tion a t Graphite Peak (GO). The bone is about 40 cm long. 102

belong to the same reed-like plant. Root horizons have

been found in all stratigraphie sections through the middle

and upper parts of the formation except at U/1, and appear, at EO, as lom as the lowest greenish-gray siltstone, 2 m above the base of the form ation. However, they are not

common low in the formation and in most places do not appear

in the lower 200 m. Scattered irregular thread or flecks of white calcitic

material in fine-grained sandstone and greenish-gray silt­

stone that characterizes the lower and middle Fremouw

Formation are thought also to represent root remains. They are particularly well-preserved near the base of F5, and at GO (Fig. 41). Plant stems with fine longitudinal striae alternating at the nodes, probably Neocalamites, are common at several levels in the upper 300 m of the formation in the Prebble Glacier area,although at F5 the stems appear as low as 430 m below the top of the formation. The stems have a similar distribution at Mount Kinsey (EO) and at Graphite

Peak (GO, 1, 2) east of the Beardmore Glacier. Logs as much as 1 m across are exposed in a sandstone 30 m below the top of the formation on the south slopes of Fremouw Peak and in a col just north of the peak, where some are as much as 22 ra long (Fig. 42). Several stumps about a meter across are in growth position in the sandstone. The growth rings are invariably well-developed, indicating a strongly seasonal climate, and vary 103

# # K :

Figure 41. Replaced roots and rootlets in greenish-gray siltstone near the top of Graphite Peak (GO r:

Figure 42. A log 22 m long embedded in sand­ stone in the col just north of Fremouw Peak, Prebble Glacier. 104

considerably in width. Lindsay (oral communication) counted

239 rings over a radius of 57.5 cm in one log. Thin section examination by Dr. J. M. Schopf has revealed well-preserved cell structure (including in one sample part of the bark layer) in primary, and in one case regenerative, tissue.

Logs were found in the upper 100 ra of the formation also at Mount Kirkpatrick (Kl), Kenyon Peaks (TO), and near Graphite Peak (G2) 160 m below the top of the form ation.

Dicroidium odontopteroides has been identified (Rigby and Schopf, 1957) from leaves in a silt lens in sandstone exposed in the same col in which the large logs described above were found.

Correlation and age The only likely known lithologie equivalent of the

Fremouw Formation north of the Beardmore Glacier area is the E llis Formation (Haskell and others, 1955) in the Darwin Glacier area.- The Ellis Formation consists of 30 ra of light-colored quartzose sandstone with stringers of green sandstone, white siltstone, and quartz pebbles, and is separated from the underlying Permian coal measures by a dolerite sill 30 m thick. The Fremouw Formation is probably equivalent, in part at least, to a 565-ra-thick unit that Wade and others (1965) described from above the Buckley Coal Measures at Mount Kenyon on the Shackleton Glacier. The strata consist of massive cross-bedded sandstone with a subequal proportion of gray to dark-gray silty shale interbeds, and were 105

considered by the authors to be equivalent to Grindley's

Falla Formation, although the substantial lithologie

differences were recognized. Strata assigned to the Dominion Coal Measures by Wade and others consist of carbonaceous shale and sandstone overlain by thick coarser grained sandstone, which contain, in the lower part, leaves of Dicroidium and logs and stems.

These beds may be equivalent to the upper part of the

Fremouw Formation or to the lower part of the overlying

Falla Formation. The Fremouw Formation is thought to be Triassic in age. Dicroidium odontopteroides indicates a Triassic age

(Rigby and Schopf, 1967; Townrow, 1967) for at least the upper part, and the entire underlying Buckley Formation probably is Permian (p. 75). The Permian-Triassic boundary, therefore, is probably at the base, but may lie somewhere in the lower part of the formation. Although a Permian age was given by Wade and others (1965, p. 16) to beds on Mount Kenyon equivalent to the Fremouw Formation, the plant material possibly is Triassic (Schopf, oral communication) because of some sim ilarities to better-preserved forms associated with Dicroidium in collections from higher in the stratigraphie section. 106

Environment of deposition and source

The erosion surfaces, mudstone fragments, trough- cross-bedded sandstone and the "fining-upu/ards” cycles indicate a flood plain environment of deposition for the Fremouw Formation. The root impressions in the lower and middle parts of the formation at Mount Kinsey and McIntyre Promontory and the tree stumps at Fremouw Peak show that vegetation grew throughout the deposition of the formation in the Beardmore G lacier area. However, l i t t l e plant material was preserved until the upper part of the formation was deposited.

Although the broad environment of deposition was prob­ ably about the same as for the underlying Buckley Formation, the differences in proportion of sandstone and in the amounts of carbonaceous material indicate a change in some factors, perhaps including climate, in the environment. McGregor (1965), who first recognized the similarity in style of deposition between the Buckley Formation and the overlying strata, suggested that "the climate was too arid for plant growth during the deposition of the Falla ^ ere lower and middle Fremouw Formation/^» The presence of calcium sulphate ....near the top of the Buckley Coal Measures suggests the onset of aridity.” However, roots and stems have now been found at several levels in the lower and middle Fremouw

Formation, and no further calcium sulfate has been dis­ covered. 107

The source for the non-uolcanic Fremouw sand was to the southeast (p. 178), in contrast to a source to the north and west for the underlying Buckley Formation. The source area for the lower part of the Fremouw Formation was much more quartzose than was the source area for the Buckley

Formation, and K-feldspar reappeared, as a regular constitu­ ent of the sediment. In the middle and upper parts of the formation, intermediate to acid volcanic detritus diluted the quartzo-feldspathic sand considerably, although not overwhelmingly as in many sandstone beds in the Buckley

Formation. Most of the volcanic m aterial, which i s of pyroclastic and flow origin, was reworked by streams before burial, but one ash fall was found in the middle part of the Fremouw Formation. The quartzose source to the south­ east was the only source for a small interval in the middle f part of the formation, and then it diminished in importance again until the beginning of Falla Formation deposition.

Falla Formation

Background The Falla Formation was named by Grindley (1963, p. 335) for strata "overlying the Buckley Coal Measures, typically exposed on Mount Falla in the central Queen Alexandra Range.

The type locality is the north-facing cliff section of lïlt.

Stonehouse /now called Golden Cajg/ a 9,350 ft. /?850 jÿ" peak

5 miles /B km/ west of Falla, and the ridge leading from Stonehouse to Falla." Grindley stated that the lower part 108

of the formation consists of "a basal quartz arenite,

400 ft./TzO m/ thick, o v erlain by well-bedded, medium-

grained, micaceous and slightly carbonaceous, grey sand­

stone, 300 ft. ^0 ^ thick. The upper part, some 1,500

f t . 2^500 ^ thick, consists of an alternating sequence of

clastic, fresh-water sediments ranging from lensoid

quartz-pebble conglomerates through grey-green quartzo- feldspathic sandstones to well bedded, grey-green silt-

stones." The base of the "alternating sequence" is easily

recognized in the field by the change from slope-forming

sandstone units below to bluff-forming units above, and

was measured a t 580 m stra tig ra p h ic a lly below the base of the Kirkpatrick 8asalt (comparable with Grindley's estimate

of 500 ra). Although 17 m of quartzose sandstone do crop out at the base of F3 about 300 m stratigraphically below the base of Grindley*s upper Falla Formation, the two units of quartz

arenite and medium-grained sandstone, as described by Grindley, were not recognized in the two stratigraphie sections (F3 and F5, about 3 km apart) measured by the

writer at the type locality, or in the section on nearby

Fewmouw Peak (FO). In fact, the section on Fremouw Peak

extends for over 600 m stratigraphically below the bass

of Grindley*s upper Falla Formation, and has been described here separately as the Fremouw Formation. 109

D efinition

It is proposed that the name Falla Formation be restricted to the upper Falla Formation of Grindley (1963), which consists of a cyclic sequence of light-gray fine- to medium-grained sandstone, that weathers reddish-brown, greenish-gray and gray carbonaceous fine-grained sandstone and shale, and light-greenish-gray tuff in the upper part of the section. The proposed type section (F2, Fig. 43), which is 530 m thick, starts at the lowest bluff-forming reddish-brown-weathering sandstone at a point 3.2 km northwest of the summit of Mount Falla, near the base of the north face at the west end (84° 21.0* Sj 164° 42* E).

The upper boundary of the formation here is the base of the paraconglomerate (poorly sorted open-framework conglom­ erate) that underlies the Kirkpatrick Basalt in the north face of mount F alla (84° 21.7* S; 154° 50* E).

Distribution and thickness The Falla Formation in the Queen Alexandra Range extends as far southward as the Marshall Mountains. At Kenyon Peaks (Tl) it is 158 m thick, contrasting with the 530 m measured on Mount F a lla . A thickness of 283 m was measured on Mount Kirkpatrick, the northernmost outcrop of the formation known. East of the Beardmore Glacier the Falla Formation is known only from one outcrop. Near

Graphite Peak an inclusion of quartzose sandstone 30 m thick lies within the lower part of a dolerite sill at the top of G2. The beds beneath the sill are typical of the 110

Figure 4.3, North face and the west ridge of Mount Falla, central Queen Alexandra Range, The black line indidates the type section of the Falla Formation (F2), The lowest known tuff bed in the section and the base of the Kirkpatrick Basalt are arrowed. Ill

uppermost Fremoum Formation (p. 86) and the more quartzose

sandstone above is thought to be equivalent to the Falla

sandstone in the type area, that sandstone being consider­ ably more quartzose than those in the underlying upper Fremoum Formation.

Stratigraphie sections from the northern Dominion Range (McGregor, 1965) contain no indication that beds as young as the Falla Formation have been preserved there.

Lower contact

The lower contact of the Falla Formation in the Prebble Glacier area is disconformable at F3; at FO, F2 and F5 it was covered with snow or scree. The contact is readily recognizable from a distance in the Queen Alexandra Range, for i t is marked by a change from greenish-weathering slope-forming sandstone of the Falla Formation, which reflects the lower quartz content of the upper strata of the Fremouw Formation.

Lithology The lower 270 m of the Falla Formation at the type section consist of a sequence of 12 cycles, mostly of sand­ stone and shale, from 5 to 54 m thick (average 23 m). Each cycle begins with a massive light-gray (reddish-brown- weathering) fine- to medium-grained sandstone, which over­ lies an erosion surface with less than 30 cm of relief. Discoidal shale fragments as much as 40 cm across were found in the lower meter of all but three cycles; rounded pebbles. 112

mainly of vein quartz (F206, Table 10) and generally less

than 2 cm across, were found near the base of two cycles. Locally, the clasts were seen higher in the basal sand­ stone of each cycle. The basal sandstone in each cycle normally grades into greenish-gray fine-grained sandstone and then into carbonaceous shale. In some cycles high in the section the greenish-gray sandstone is missing.

This cyclic sequence is overlain by three alternations, totalling 80 m in thickness, of sandstone and vitric tuff.

The sandstone beds are similar to the basal sandstone beds of the underlying cycles, and two of the three sandstones have white quartz pebbles in the lower meter. Pebbles as much as 14 cm long and of white quartz, metasedimentary and volcanic rocks (Table 10, F218A) form a band 10 cm thick and 11 m above the base of the lowest sandstone. The lowest tuff recognized in the formation at the type section lies 283 m above the base, is 24 m thick, and has a sharp lower contact. The tuff is light-greenish-gray, massive to medium bedded, and in the field resembles a very-fine­ grained sandstone. There are two "vesicular" or pitted horizons about 30 cm thick in the upper part of the bed. Sandstone similar to the basal sandstone units lower in the section separates the lowest tuff bed from a similar tuff above that is 11 m thick. The beds from 340 to 420 m above the base at the type section consist almost entirely of tuff (Fig. 44), which is generally massive, light greenish gray and very fine 113

grained. A total of 13 beds of tuff from 10 cm (Fig. 45)

to 12.5 m thick and two interbedded sandstone units total­ ling 12 m in thickness were distinguished in this interval. Most of the units are weather resistant, and together they form a prominent bluff (Fig. 44) that extends from the west ridge of Mount Falla around the north face below the Kirkpatrick Basalt. Features found in only one or two of the units include scattered amygdales as much as 2 era long and 0.6 era across, lying parallel to the lower contact of the unit; concretionary structures from 3 to 8 era across distinguished by a black rim several millimeters thick; and in the uppermost unit evenly spaced columnar joints from 15 to 30 cm apart. Two units contain abundant green fine-grained lenticles 1 to 2 cm across. Red-stained analcite fills small cavities and veins, giving many of the units a red-speckled appearance. The upper 113 m of the formation, most.of which lies beneath a veneer of basalt scree on the north and west faces of Mount Falla, consist entirely of massive to shaly greenish-gray or light-brown tuff. A few specks of red analcime were found in the lower 24 m and there are amygdales between 23 and 30 m above the base of this interval. In the upper 70 ra of the formation accretionary lapilli (p. 12^ about 1 cm across are common. The upper

1.2 m of the formation, which is separated from the beds below by a snow-covered interval 6 m thick, is sandy, and 114

Figure 44. Massive to medium-bedded resistant tuff beds about 365 m above the base of the Falla Formation at the type section (F2). In the background dark cliffs of Kirkpatrick Basait form the summit of Mount Falla.

Figure 45. A bed of vitric tuff 10 cm thick between two thicker tuff beds 350 m above the base of the Falla Forma­ tion on Mount Falla (F2). 115 grades through alternating sandstone and fine-grained conglomerate into the massive paraconglomerate of the overlying Prebble Formation. The lower part of the Falla Formation at FO and F3 is similar to the type section, but at the more distant sections on Mount Kirkpatrick and Kenyon Peaks, where the total thickness is known to be less, there are notable differences. No carbonaceous shale was found, and the formation is dominated by light-gray massive fine-grained tuff that weathers white or green, gray, yellow and brown.

In the upper part of the formation on Mount Kirkpatrick specks of red-stained analcime are common at several levels, at least one level is amygdaloidal, and one

21-m-thick unit is columnar jointed in the lower 60 cm.

Sandstone, which makes up 30 percent of the section on Mount Kirkpatrick, is similar to that at Mount Falla. Rounded white quartz pebbles, mostly le s s than 2 cm across, together with red garnet grains, are common near the base of three of the sandstone units. Also, at KO, 246 m above the base of the formation, there are lenses as much as

60 cm thick of pebbles about 2 cm across which are com­ posed of intermediate or acid volcanic rock, vein quartz, and several other lithologies (Table 10). Table 10« Composition of pebble samples (in percent) from the Fremouw and Falla Formations. Numbers of pebbles are in parentheses.

Sample Chert Graywacke Schist* Conglomerate Number Quartz Quartzite* Volcanic

F025 (Fremouw Fm. ) 32 6 2 54 2 3 1 (105)

F2Ü6 (F alla Fm.) 78 - - 3 4 15 - (143) F218A (F alla Fm.) ** 31 13 34 3 13 6 ( 32) K027 (F alla Fm.) 5 3 3 59 9 20 1 (106)

^includes some feldspathic sandstone. +includes argillite. **vein quartz abundant but not collected.

h-> Ch 117

Petrography The Falla Formation differs from the Fremoum Formation in the more quartzose and resistant character of its sand­ stone, particularly in the lower part of the formation, where the quartz content is normally higher than 45 percent

(Table 11, Fig. 46). The feldspar is mostly plagioclase, which is about three times as common as the K-feldspar. Volcanic material like that in the Buckley and Fremouw Formations comprises most of the lithic fragments. In the type section (F2), from which most of the modal analyses came, there is a clear trend of quartz dilution with time, and at Mount Kirkpatrick the much lower quartz content of samples high in the formation is evident too. Falla Formation sandstone is generally fine- to medium-grained and moderately well sorted.

The dominance of volcanic ash in the upper part of the Falla Formation at the type section, and most of the formation at KO and Tl, became evident mainly from thin section study. Most of the tu ff beds are composed of coarse silt-size grains set in a fine-grained low biréfringent irresolvable matrix. Scattered through the matrix are shards of fresh or slightly devitrified glass, together with the less common fragments of quartz and plagioclase. The thin and complicated shard forms, some of which have curved ree n tran ts, are most easily recognized where they are stained pink (F239, F246). Lower in the section (F220, F226), a greenish tint and low birefringence Table 11. Modal analyses (in percent) for samples From the Falla Formation, Numbers in parentheses are percentages of volcanic fragments.

Sample ca Calcite Matrix Rest Number Quartz K-feldspar

SANDSTONE G208 48 6 4 0 0 5 27 T104 56 11 13 0 0 8 2 F063 48 5 15 2 0 12 2 F064 45 0 22 2 0 15 3 F067 38 0 24 20 (12 4 0 10 4 F406 42 7 18 15 (12, 4 X 8 6 F201 61 3 9 1 0 7 3 F208 52 7 9 0 25 1 0 F213 51 4 20 3 2 9 1 F214 33 3 13 19 (14, 3 23 5 1 F215 44 5 22 18 (14, 2 0 6 3 F216 37 4 24 21 (13, 2 0 8 4 F217 29 5 24 24 (13, 4 0 12 2 F222 57 10 18 1 0 4 1 F225 48 8 20 2 0 9 1 F236 18 6 23 X 0 36 4 K004 43 10 14 3 0 14 6 K006 42 3 10 15 ( 11, 1 0 26 3 K008 49 12 5 8 (5, 0 0 21 5 K025 25 4 14 34 (18, 1 0 3 19 K028 37 3 14 33 (23, 0 0 8 5

Mean 43.0 5.6 16.0 15.8 1.6 2.4 10.8 4.9

Standard 3.4 6.3 7.4 1.4 7.3 8.2 6.4 Deviation 10.7 CD Table 11 (Continued)

Sample Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase Lithic Mica C alcite Matrix Rest Number

TUFF F243 10 3 29 15 4 X 36 3 F244 7 X 15 8 3 0 64 3 Mean 0.5 1.7 22.1 11.7 3.1 0.1 50.0 2.8

Standard 2.0 Deviation 2.1 9.6 5.3 0.4 0.1 20.1 0.6

lO 120

QUARTZ

F208/ G208

• F20I

K 0 0 6TI04' # \ K006TI04' F222 # F2I3^

/ K 0 0 4 * * ) * / f 225/ \

50. • F406 F215 • • F2I4 • FD67 • K028

F2I7# • K025

A L L ROCK .FRAGMENTS. FELDSPAR \MICAS 50

Figure 46. Composition of sandstone samples from the Falla Formation. 121

in some of the shard forms suggests incipient chloritiza-

tion. Heavy minerals are rare and so far only a little

biotite, muscovite, and scattered opaque minerals have been found. Indications of hot deposition, such as collapsed vesicles and welded shards, were found only in one fragment in sample K020 from Mount Kirkpatrick. The sample comes

from the base of a tuff unit in which the lower 60 cm is

columnar-jointed, a feature of welded ash beds. The same

sample contains fragments of pumice a centimeter across as well as rare raicrocline and fine-grained sedimentary or metasedimentary grains. Fragments of pumice or of fine­

grained tu ff were found in samples of a number of u n its on Mount F a lla . Zeolites in the Falla Formation occur mainly in tuff beds and as sandstone cement. Optical properties and X-ray diffractometry showed the red specks scattered through ash beds and in joints on Mount Falla to be analcime. The three tu ff samples analyzed (F228, F249, K023) a ll gave very strong quartz and strong, but less prominent, feldspar peaks. Mordenite was positively identified in K023, but zeolite or phyllosilicate were not identified in either of the other two samples. Clinoptilolite is the only major component besides'quartz and feldspar in K025, a cemented sandstone. The abundance of quartz and the lack of K-feldspar in the tuffs indicate that the composition is dacitic. 122

The highest major rock unit in the Falla Formation both

in the type section and at Kenyon Peaks (Tl) is a bed,

clearly tuffaceous in the lower part, that contains in the middle and upper parts round or slightly oblate spherules, about 1 cm across, with a thin black shell (Fig. 47). They fit well the description given by Moore and Peck (1962) of accretionary lapilli in volcanic rocks of the western continental United States. Each lapillus has a distinct core with a radius of from 74 to 82 percent of the total

(based on four cross-sections). In this core subequal proportions of quartz and feldspar, mostly of coarse silt size but with grains as long as 0.4 mm, float in a very- fine-grained low biréfringent matrix. The core grades rapidly over only 0.1 or 0.2 mm into a much finer grained "mantle." Grains in the mantle rarely exceed 0.01 mm in diameter. In a thin section from Kenyon Peaks, 30 m below the base of the lowest basalt flow, the mantle material has the same optical orientation as the matrix, but in a thin section from 115 m below the basalts on Mount Falla (F249A) the average o p tical o rien tatio n in the mantles is parallel to the rims of the lapilli, in contrast to the consistent planar orientation of the matrix. The orienta­ tion in the latter sample is clearly primary; that in the Kenyon Peaks sample may have resulted from contact meta­ morphism by the overlying flow. Within the mantis a decrease in grain size and an increase in opacity toward the rim is evident in all of the lapilli examined. In some 123

Figure 47. Section through accretionary lapilli (F249A) from the upper p a rt of the Falla Formation 468 m above the base of the type section on Mount Falla. (O.S.U. photo). Bar is 1 cm long. . 124

the concentration of fine opaque dust toward the rim is

sufficient to produce a dark shell as much as 0.10 mm

thick. Both thin sections examined contained fragments of broken lapilli, mainly pieces of mantle and shell. Moore and Peck (1952, p. 190) give a well-documented argument as well as references to observations of lapilli formation during volcanic eruptions for the origin of these structures from "Clouds of ash rich in water vapor /which^ form during volcanism, mostly during phreatic eruption of basaltic ash....or during Pelean eruptions of rhyolitic and andesitic ash...." The main implications of the occurrence of lapilli are* a. Deposition on land or possibly in very shallow

water, for otherwise the l a p i l li , which are held

together by m oisture, would have disin teg rated ,

and b. Derivation "very likely....within 100 miles or so of the deposit, and probably....within about

10 miles." (ibid., p. 191). A thin section of a typical volcanic pebble (F218A) from the type section of the Falla Formation revealed phenocrysts as much as 1.2 mm long, mainly of plagioclase but with smaller less common K-feldspar and quartz crystals, set in a groundmass with a complex scroll-like flow texture in places accentuated by quartz-filled vesicles. The groundmass, which was slig h tly biréfringent, showed no preferred optic orientation, emphasizing its lack of 125

metamorphism. As with the pebble in the Fremouw Formation

(p. 97), a Permian or Triassic age is favored.

Primary structures Many of the sandstone units in the Falla Formation are trough-cross-bedded, and some show parting lineation. micro*

crosslamination is common in the finer grained beds.

Paleontology

Leaves of Dicroidium and associated plants were col­

lected from several localities in the lower part of the formation. The best preserved specimens are from a shale

135 m above the base of the type section (F2). Some of the leaves are brown due to the presence of cuticles that can

be peeled away from the rock (Schopf, oral communication).

Carbonified impressions were found also at FO, 83 m above the base of the formation; and at KO, 31 m above the base

of the formation.

Correlation and age The first report of Triassic plants in Beacon strata was by Warren Gunn and Warren, 1962), who described a sequence at least 300 m thick from near the head of the Wright Valley, south Victoria Land. The sequence comprises siltstone, mudstone and sandstone, which locally is pebbly, and contains a number of elements of the Dicroidium flora. These beds may correlate with either the Fremouw or the

Falla Formation. 126

In the Amundsen Glacier area, 420 km southeast of the

Queen Alexandra Range, the Nilsen Formation (Long, in pre­

paration) also may be equivalent to either the Fremouw or the Falla Formation. The Nilsen Formation is an alternating

sandstone and shale sequence with some conglomerate that

includes acid volcanic and sedimentary pebbles, and overlies Permian coal measures disconformably. Long noted that

cross-bedding from the Nilsen Formation indicated a northwest-dipping paleoslope, in contrast to the southeasterly

direction that he observed in the underlying Permian beds, a

change identical with that documented here (p. 181), In the Beardmore Glacier area the stratigraphy has been

somewhat complicated by the initial description of the sequence above the Buckley Coal Measures (Grindley, 1963),

McGregor (1965) published detailed descriptions of the strata

above the Buckley Coal Measures in the Supporters and Dominion Ranges near the head of the Beardmore G lacier, and his correlation of those beds with Grindley*s Falla Formation in the Queen Alexandra Range was consistent with the descrip­

tion, but in this writer's opinion, after examining both

sequences, they are not equivalent. The present investigation, which was set up to study

the Queen Alexandra Range in much more detail than Grindley had opportunity to, led to the discovery of Dicroidium and coal beds at the type locality of Grindley's Falla Formation, Grindley and others (1965, p, 216) had considered the Falla 127

Formation to comprise "approximately 750 m of unfossiliferous

sediments without coal or plant remains." The recent dis­

coveries make the Dominion Coal Measures, which were defined

by Grindley and others (1955) on the basis of the appearance

of abundant carbonaceous material in the Triassic section, equivalent to as much as the uppermost 265 m of the Fremouw Formation in the type area, depending on where the section

is measured (p. 85), and therefore equivalent to the lower

Falla Formation of Grindley (1963). The upper part of the Fremouw Formation in the Graphite Peak area also is similar

to the Dominion Coal Measures described by McGregor (1965), although the s tra ta in the Dominion Range contain more coal.

Further work may show the Dominion Coal Measures to be

equivalent to the lower part of the Falla as well as the upper part of the Fremouw Formation in the Queen Alexandra

Range. The presence of Dicroidium odontopteroides in the lower

Falla and upper Fremouw Formations indicates a Triassic age (Rigby and Schopf, 1967; Townrow, 1967). An upper age limit

of Lower Jurassic is given by a K-Ar age from the overlying

Prebble Formation.

Environment of deposition and source There was little or no change in environment of deposi­

tion from the Fremouw into the Falla Formation. Rather the lith o lo g ie change seems to have resu lted from a change in the supply of detritus in the lower part of the formation 128

and a change of source, from mainly detrital to mainly

volcanic, in the upper part of the formation. An influx

of relatively quartzose sand marked deposition of the lowest

beds in the formation, the quartzose sand gradually being diluted by volcanic sand as deposition proceeded. Quartzose

sedimentary and metasedimentary strata, granitic rocks, and an increasing amount of intermediate to acid flow and pyroclastic rocks provided the sediment, which was trans­ ported from the southeast (p. 179).

The upper part of the Falla Formation is mainly air-fall vitric tuff, locally with accretionary lapilli, probably of dacitic composition, from volcanic vents within or adjacent

to the Queen Alexandra Range. Streams locally were active during the volcanism and deposited impure arkosic and volcanic sandstone. At Mount Kirkpatrick they also carried pebbles of volcanic and basement rocks.

Triassic(?)-Jurassic Systems - Ferrar Group

The name Ferrar Dolerites (Group) was proposed by

Harrington (1958) for the tholeiitic rocks that intrude the Beacon strata of Victoria Land. Grindley (1963), in report­ ing the discovery of tholeiitic basalt flows above the Beacon sequence in the Beardmore Glacier area, included the basalts as a formation in the Ferrar Group. The Prebble Formation, a volcanogenic unit discovered by Dr. D. H. Elliot and the w riter below the Kirkpatrick Basalt on Mount F alla, shows 129 s im ila r itie s to both the Beacon s tra ta below and the Kirkpatrick Basalt above and is clearly a transitional unit. Dr. Elliot and the writer have included it in the Ferrar

Group because of its dominantly volcanic character and the presence of basaltic clasts in the coarser grained beds.

Prebble Formation

Def in itio n The name Prebble Formation is proposed for a unit of paraconglomerate, agglomerate, tuff, and tuffaceous sediment that lies between the tuff beds of the upper Falla Formation and the Kirkpatrick Basalt, The type section on the north­ west face of Mount Kirkpatrick (KO, Fig. 48) is at the head of the Prebble Glacier, from which the formation name was taken. The base of the formation is defined as the base of the lowest bed of paraconglomerate or agglomerate in the section; the upper contact is the base of the lowest basalt flow.

Distribution and thickness The Prebble Formation has been found in the central and south Queen Alexandra Range, on the northwest side of the

Otway Massif, and 30 km to the southwest at Mount Pratt, The thickness ranges from a minimum of 0.3 m in the central Marshall Mountains (Elliot, oral communication) to 165 m at KO, in the Queen Alexandra Range, On the Otway Massif, Elliot measured a minimum thickness of 460 m. 130

Lower contact

The lower contact is exposed in only one of the five sections measured by the writer (F2, Fig. 49); there it is gradational. The uppermost unit of the Falla Formation is a Fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone that grades up through

60 cm of alternating fine-grained conglomerate and sand­ stone into massive fine-grained paraconglomerate. Elliot found the lower contact on Lindsay Peak to be unconformable,

Lithology Most of the rock in the lower 85 m of the formation at the type locality on Mount Kirkpatrick is massive light- reddish- or greenish-gray paraconglomerate in beds 3 to 12 m thick; these are separated by thin beds of light-greenish- gray tuff. Most clasts in the paraconglomerate, here as elsewhere, are very fine grained, discoidal, subangular to subrounded, lig h t green, gray, and reddish brown, and tuffaceous; a few are carbonaceous shale. Boulders, mainly of lig h t-g ray sandstone and as much as 70 cm across, were found in discrete lenses as much as 3 m thick within fine­ grained paraconglomerate; normally clasts are less than 5 cm across. The paraconglomerate has a vesicular or pitted appearance on weathered surfaces, but few pits can be found on fresh surfaces. The formation from 85 to 116 m above the base at KO is a light-gray tuff containing scattered accretionary lapilli like those described from the Falla Formation. Scree covers higher laeds except for the upper 10 m of the formation, 131

Figure 48. Type section of the Prebble Formation on Mount Kirkpatrick (KO), looking east. Lenses of cobbles and boulders can be seen in the foreground and middle distance. Cliffs in the background are of Kirkpatrick Basalt.

Figure 49. Lower contact of the Prebble Formation on Mount F alla (F2), showing the gradation from tuff, below the ice axe, through 60 cm of bedded sediment into massive paraconglomerate. 132 which here consists of 4 m of dark-brown agglomerate, 4 m of purple paraconglomerate, and 2.4 m of purple bedded tuff and tuffaceous sandstone. At Mount Falla (F2) the Prebble Formation consists only of reddish-brown paraconglomerate, but at Kenyon Peaks (Tl) the lower bed is a 4.5-ra-thick agglomerate with quartz- filled amygdales in the lower 30 cm and with clasts up to

27 cm across. The upper surface of the agglomerate has about 30 cm of irregular local relief, and is overlain by

9 m of fine-grained paraconglomerate upon which re s ts the lowest basalt flow in the section. In the Prebble Formation at the Otway Massif, about 100 km to the southeast, only massive paraconglomerate is exposed in the 440 m below the 20 m of tuff at the top of the formation (Elliot, oral communication). The upper 190 m of the formation were measured by this writer on the nearby southwest corner of the Massif. The same light- colored but variegated tuff, here between 4 and 15 m thick, is overlain with sharp undulatory contact by a basalt flow

130 m thick. The paraconglomerate dominates the underlying section and consists largely of fragments, mostly 2 to 5 cm across, of light-colored acidic tuff dispersed through a matrix of similar but much finer grained appearance. There are also a few fragments of fine-grained dark-chocolate- brown equigranular basalt and of light-gray fine-grained sandstone. The paraconglomerate here includes two coarse­ grained lenses, one and six meters thick (Fig. 50), that 133

Figure 50. A lens of boulders within fine-grained paraconglomerate at the Otway Massif (00), looking southeast.

Figure 51. The boulder concentration in Figure 50, A doleritic block has been broken flush with the outcrop face to show the weathering rind. 134

are evident only from the concentration of larger cobbles

and boulders from 20 to 80 cm across» Blocks of basalt in

these lenses have a weathering rind, emphasized by iron-

oxide stain, between one and three centimeters thick. Similar basalt boulders were found at Mount Pratt,

32 km east of the Otway Massif, in two units of para- conglomerate totalling 40 m in thickness. The large clasts

in the lower unit are mainly light-gray sandstone; those

in the upper unit are mainly basalt and as much as one meter

across. The maximum boulder size decreases markedly upwards in this bed, the largest boulders being concentrated in the

lower two or three meters.

Petrography The paraconglomerate of the Prebble Formation, in this

section, is variable but consists mainly of volcanic frag­

ments set in a fine-grained fragmental volcanic matrix. The

glass fragments are partly devitrified, and some are re­ placed by zeolite (clinoptilolite) or less commonly analcine, as is some of the matrix. There are also very-fine-grained

tuffaceous and porphyritic fragments, and rare pieces of the broken accretionary lapilli. Plagioclase is common, and ranges from fresh to very cloudy; some zoning is present. Quartz, which normally forms less than five percent of the rock, is largely unstrained, although a few very strained grains are present. K-feldspar, some of which shows poly­ synthetic twinning, was found in very small quantities in 135 samples from Mount Kirkpatrick and Mount Falla. Opaque grains that seem to be mainly hematite are common; non­ opaque mafic minerals are in most sections represented only by a few flakes of brown biotite. Single grains of green hornblende and colorless pyroxene were found in thin sections F255 and K030, respectively. Non-volcanic rock fragments occur in sample K030 from Mount Kirkpatrick, where there are grains of sandstone, mudstone, chert, and calcite.

Most of the tuff beds in the Prebble Formation seem petrographically indistinguishable from those in the upper p a rt of the F alla Formation. However, a thin section (0008) from the light-colored tuff bed at the top of the formation a t the Otway Massif shows the rock to be very-fine grained and cherty, and contains scattered angular grains of clear quartz as much as 0,05 mm across. Only quartz could be identified from X-ray analysis of the sample.

Primary structures Most beds in the Prebble Formation are massive, but some paraconglomeratic beds possess a crude foliation.

Inhomogeneity in a few of the thicker units is illustrated in the Mount Falla section by horizontal ledges every 10 m. At Mount Kirkpatrick and the Otway Massif there are lenses of boulders within finer grained paraconglomerate and thin parallel-bedded and laminated sandy and pebbly beds. 136

Correlation and age

The only other unit described from the Transantarctic

Mountains that is at all similar to the Prebble Formation is the lïlaiüson T illite of south Victoria Land, "a tough, compact, unsorted aggregate of rock fragments in a fine­

grained matrix" (Warren, iui Gunn and Warren, 1952). Vol­ canic material is common particularly in the upper part of that formation, and no undeniably glacial features have

been found. Possibly the origin mas similar to that proposed

below for the Prebble Formation. However, there are several differences between the Mawson T illite and the Prebble Formation*

a. The Mawson Tillite rests on a surface with at least several hundred meters of relief cut in Beacon s t r a ta . There is no physical evidence of a major break between the Prebble and the under­

lying Falla Formation, b. The Prebble Formation has a smaller proportion and variety of non-volcanic clasts, is finer

grained, and locally includes tuff beds.

c. Gunn Gunn and Warren, 1962) found two beds of IKlawson T illite within the basalt sequence at

Carapace Nunatak in south Victoria Land, but no paraconglomerate beds have been found with the

Kirkpatrick Basalt. The age of - the Prebble Formation is between that of the underlying Triassic Falla Formation and the overlying 137

Lower to Middle Jurassic Kirkpatrick Basalt.' There is no

major break apparent in the sequence from the Dicroidium-

bearing beds in the Falla Formation to the Prebble Forma­

tion on Mount Falla, and lapilli tuff is found both in the

upper part of the Falla Formation and the lower part of the

Prebble Formation. However, Dr. D. H. E llio t has found blocks of vesicular basalt in paraconglomerate of the

Prebble Formation in the Marshall Mountains, and blocks of

basalt are quite common in parts of the Prebble Formation

southeast of the Beardmore Glacier (p. 134), The age of one such block (0003) from the Otway Massif was determined by the K-Ar whole rock method a t Geochrorr

Laboratories, Inc., (reference R-1172) to be 178 * 10

million years. The sample was taken 120 m below the lowest

Kirkpatrick Basalt flow, 120 m thick, from the boulder lens

shown in Figures 50 and 51. This is only slightly older than K-Ar ages obtained from basalt flows in the area (p.140),

and provides a lower age limit for the upper part of the Prebble Formation if the sample lost no argon during the

extrusion of the overlying basalt flows.

Environment of deposition and source Almost all of the material in the Prebble Formation is of volcanic origin, but non-volcanic processes may have played a considerable role in the deposition of much of

the formation. Thin beds with shards or lapilli are prob­ ably purely pyroclastic, whereas agglomerate units, like 138

those on Kenyon Peaks (Tl) in which the matrix is finely

vesicular, can be described, with some assurance, as autoclastic (Fisher, 1960). However, the origin of para­ conglomerate is less certain. The poor sorting, massive appearance, and clastic nature of the rock preclude deposition by streams or lava flows. The vertical grading in the bed at Mount Pratt suggests pyroclastic or epiclastic processes. The lenticular grouping of large clasts within some paraconglomerate beds, and the non-volcanic nature of some of the clasts, suggest that these were not deposited directly as blankets of volcanic debris. The evidence favors, but by no means proves, a laharic origin for the paraconglomerate beds.

Fiske and others (1963) have described a similar though much thicker sequence of tuff breccias from the

Ohanapecosh Formation, Mount Rainier National Park. The breccia units are massive, poorly sorted, have ill-defined vertical grading, and reach a maximum thickness of 110 m. Fiske and others proposed a subaqueous volcanic mudflow origin for those beds. However, the presence of accretionary lapilli and the lack of water-sorted material indicates deposition and burial of the Prebble Formation mainly on dry land. In some areas during deposition of the Prebble

Formation t h o le iitic flow rocks were being extruded and eroded, but most of the volcanic material in the formation is intermediate to acidic in composition, probably andesitic or dacitic like that in the Buckley, Fremouw, and Falla

Formations. 139

Ferrar Dolerite

In the Beardmore Glacier area, sheets of Ferrar Doler­

ite have an aggregate thickness of about 1000 m, compared

with the 2500 m thickness of the intruded Beacon strata.

The sills, which are by far the most common expression of the formation, normally range in thickness from 30 to about 200 m, though in the central Supporters Range a thickness

of 600 ra uias estimated for one sill. most of the sills are between the top of the Pagoda Formation and the base of the Falla Formation. In most

areas, but notably on the Tillite Glacier and around the Bowden Neve, they appear to maintain the same stratigraphie position for many kilometers. In some areas, such as the Moore Mountains, Prebble G lacier, and the Supporters Range, inclined discordant sheets at least 100 m thick are also present. Dikes are not common and are normally only a few meters thick. McDougall (1963) obtained three K-Ar ages from 147 to 155 million years for feldspar from samples of dolerite from Bunker Cwm and Mount Markham in the northwestern part of

the Beardmore Glacier area. Four K-Ar determinations for pyroxene from a dolerite sample from the Roberts Massif at the head of the Shackleton Glacier ranged from 160 to 183 million years (wade and others, 1965). Intrusion during

the Lower to Middle Jurassic is indicated. 140

Kirkpatrick Basalt

The sequence of tholeiitic flows that cap the sedimen­

tary section in the Queen Alexandra Range mas named the

Kirkpatrick Basalts by Grindley (1963). Grindley did not reach the Mount Kirkpatrick type section that he proposed, but measured a thickness of about 900 m at a provisional type section on Blizzard Peak. Both section, and many others, have been visited by Dr. D. H. Elliot, mho found no continu­ ous sequence of lavas thicker than about 500 m in the Beardmore Glacier area (Elliot, ijn Barrett and others, 1967,

196B). Individual flows range in thickness from 1.5 to 150 m; most have a thin amygdaloidal lower part and a thicker amygdaloidal upper part (ibid.). The large central part of most flows is mostly a reddish-brown-meathering doleritic rock similar to that of the underlying sills.

Thin sedimentary beds between some flows have yielded conchostracans, ostracods,.and fish and plant remains

(Elliot and Tasch, 1967). The age of the Kirkpatrick Basalt is Lower to Middle

Jurassic, based on a radiometric age by the K-Ar method of 161 i 3 million years from a basalt near the head of the Shackleton Glacier (Wade and others, 1965). Five K-Ar age determinations recently obtained by Elliot (oral com­ munication) for basalt samples from the Beardmore Glacier area are slightly older, but all are younger than the 178 million years reported above for the boulder from the underlying Prebble Formation. 141

Post-Paleozoic Faulting and Folding

The marks of tectonism are not obvious in Beacon s tra ta

of the Beardmore Glacier area. In only tuio places have

major faults or fault-related features been reported. McGregor (1965) noted a prominent scarp on the east side of the Dominion Range and suggested a fa u lt origin for i t .

From McGregor's sections measured on each side of the scarp, the downthrow is estim ated to be of the order of 500 to

1000 m to the east. Grindley and others (1955) noted the apparent stratigraphie displacement between the Shackleton

Limestone of Buckley Island and the Triassic strata of the Dominion Range. Outcrops of Shackleton Limestone a t an elevation of about 2400 m on the southern tip of Buckley

Island (Young and Ryburn, 1965), and the observation by this writer, during a reconnaissance flight, of Fremouw strata on the northwest face of the Dominion Range a t 2000 m suggests that the fault has downthrow to the west of the order of 1500 m.

The other area of obvious major faulting is the western margin of the Queen Elizabeth Range, where Laird and others

(in preparation) have reported two major faults. Only one of these has any expression in the south Queen Elizabeth Range in the area covered by this study, and here the feature is largely monoclinal (Fig. 52) with beds dipping as much as 50° easterly. The zone of maximum disturbance is about 300 m wide and can be followed from the Moore Mountains to Mount 142

Figure 52. Looking north to Mount Angier from AO, Moore Mountains. The warping and faulting (downthrow to west) are emphasized by the cliff-forming sill that can be traced across the photograph.

Figure 53. Monocline at 02 on Mount Weeks. Strata of the lower Buckley Formation are nearly horizontal at right margin of photograph, but towards the center they dip at as much as 50° to the west. To the le^t the beds have begun to fla tte n out and dip a t about 30 •

i ^ g 143

Weeks (Fig. 53) and Cranfield Peak. The displacement across

the whole structure in the Moore Mountains is 350 m measured

from the base of the Buckley Formation at AO and at Al. To

the north, Laird and others report a displacement of 800 m;

to the south, the structure heads toward the low massif

bounded by Sandford and Canopy Cliffs, but no displacement of sills or strata were seen there. The fault movement is

definitely post-Permian and probably largely post-Jurassic.

The sills now reflect the form of the monocline in the same

way as the strata, and although the path of sill invasion

is commonly stratigraphically controlled, intrusion prior to folding is thought to be more likely.

A structure contour map of the area (Fig. 54) was

based on the elevation of the Fairchild-Buckley Formation contact because it is the most widespread readily identifi­

able horizon in the area. The map reveals a broad syncline

plunging gently south-southeast on the west side of the

Beardmore G lacier, but tending to curve west on the east side. A comparison of this map with both the Permian and

Triassic paleocurrent maps (p. 175-179) suggests that the

post-Beacon warping follows the trends of the Late Paleozoic

and Early Mesozoic sedimentary basin. In two p a rts of the Beardmore Glacier area toreva- block movement (Reiche, 1937) has resulted in large vertical

displacements of Beacon s tra ta in re la tiv e ly recent times. The lesser of the two occurrences is on Solitary Peak (Dl) about three quarters of the way up the north ridge. At 144

» = S5 Uf

V

zw

01 8 k z

Figure 54, Structure contour map of the base of the Buckley Formation in the Beardmore Glacier area. Eleva­ tions in parentheses are based on the elevation at the top of the Buckley Formation or were estimated from the map for areas not visited. T - Toreva blocks. 145 this place a small dolerite-capped knob of white sandstone i s separated from lïlackellar s ilts to n e by a brecciated zone a meter wide that is vertical on the up-ridge side of the knob and nearly horizontal on the down-ridge side. The block has dropped at least 200 m, because there are no dolerite sills in the Solitary Peak section. Several isolated toreva-blocks were found in the Mount lïlackellar area (Fig. 54). Compacted but unlithified shale breccia with a d o lerite knob on top re s ts on an extensive sandstone platform 66 m above the base of the Buckley Forma­ tion at the top of a ridge 9 km northwest of Mount îïlackellar.

Closer to Mount iYIackellar, two toreva-blocks, which include

100 and 220 m of s tra ta from the Buckley and the lower p a rt of the Fremouw Formation, have slid down at least 600 m, and possibly as much as 1400 m (Fig. 3, section M2). The massive orthoquartzite beds in both blocks are identified as the lower part of the Fremouw Formation, because the Fremouw is the only part of the post-glacial Beacon section that contains such orthoquartzite. Sixteen kilometers northwest of Mount Mackellar a small nunatak 200 m lower than the brecciated shale mentioned above consists of coal measures (M5) that dip 45° to 70° easterly. Another iso­ lated block was found on a ridge 10 km due west of Mount

MacKellar. The sequence (lU2) is 30 m thick and consists of dolerite, sandstone, and coaly shale overlain by orthoquartzite of the Fremouw Formation. The strata dip 146

60° southeast (Fig. 55). The shale beneath the ortho­ quartzite is intensely brecciated and, like the shale breccia described above, falls into its component frag­ ments a t the tap of a hammer. A deep tectonic origin for the vertical displacements is discounted, because nowhere along the ridge between Mount Mackellar and Fairchild Peak is the Fairchild Forma­ tion displaced, and because the surface on which the move­ ment took place is at least locally horizontal. The dips of several of the blocks, to the southwest, south, and southeast suggest that the blocks moved away from a massif situated near the present Mount Mackellar, possibly during the present geomorphic cycle. Dolerite sills involved in the disruption indicate at least a post-Jurassic time of movement. 147

Figure 55. Massive orthoquartzite at W2 10 km west of Mount Mackellar. The ice axe rests against brecciated shale, on which the more competent strata are thought to have slid. ANALYSIS or PALEOCURRENT DATA

About 3000 paleocurrent directions were measured over

an area of 20,000 sq km and through a well-exposed strati­ graphie succession 2000 m thick. The purpose was threefold*

a. to compare direction variability, and so estimate

the reliability, of several types of primary

sedimentary structures commonly used as in­ dicators of paleoslope;

fa. to determine the pattern of current flow and sediment transport, and its changes, during

the deposition of the p o st-g la c ia l Beacon

strata; and c. to ascertain whether there are significant

differences in direction between types of sedimentary structures from the same strati­ graphie unit, or differences in variances

between different units, that might provide information on the depositional environment.

Nature of the Sedimentary Structures Measured

Small-scale Cross-bedding

Sorby (1859) was probably the first to recognize small- scale cross-bedding as the product of ripple migration.

148 149

Although many geologists since have used this structure as a current direction indicator, the conditions under which it develops have become clear and well-defined only in the last decade. Allen (1962), from a review of several stu d ies on modern environments, and McKee (1955), using flume studies, showed th at most sm all-scale cross-bedding results from ripple migration during flow in the lower part of the lower flow regime (Simons and Richardson, 1961). The form of the resultant cross-bedding in both horizontal and vertical section depends on changes in current strength within the lower flow regime and on the rate at which sediment becomes available fo r rip p le form ation.

Most of the small-scale cross-bedding measured during this study was microcrosslamination (Hamblin, 1961), though rip p le lamination (McKee, 1965) was very common. The reliability with which directional measurements could be made varied somewhat. Where the sets were thin and there had been little or no truncation by the subsequent ripple train no measurements were attempted, because vertical sections through the bed under these circumstances show a similar subdued wavy structure with only the vaguest indi­ cation of current d ire c tio n . However, there were many instances of well-developed ripple lamination where the current direction could readily be determined from the direction of maximum dip or the direction of concavity of the arc of the foreset laminae (Fig. 56). The current direction from microcrosslamination commonly was obtained 150

from the ridges between the sets of laminae.' Even where

the exposure was not good, accurate measurements of the

ridge directions could sometimes be made.

Medium-scale Cross-bedding

Sorby (1859) was also the first geologist to describe medium-scale cross-bedding, to which he ascribed a "delta building" mode of o rig in . Although th is mechanism is s t i l l accepted for some types of isolated sets of cross-bedding, recent studies on modern streams have supported the view

that extensive medium-scale cross-bedding results from large ripple or dune migration when flow is in the upper p a rt of the lower flow regime (Harms and Fahnestock, 1965). The medium-scale cross-bedding measured in the field was mainly of the festoon variety (Fig. 57), although a few sets of planar cross-bedding were encountered. Where sets of cross-beds were exposed on platforms, the paleocurrent direction was taken from the long axis of the trough. In most cases, the entire trough was not exposed but only where the three dimensions of the set could be seen have the measurements been used.

Parting Lineation

It has long been known that a lineation (parting linea­ tion or primary current lineation) developed parallel to the direction of current flow (Sorby, 1859, 1908), but only 151

Figure 55« Microcrosslaminetion in the Fairchild Formation at A4, Moore Mountains. Hammer handle indicates the current direction.

Figure 57. Medium-scale trough-cross-bedding in the lower Fairchild Formation at AO, Moore Mountains. Current flowed to the lower right, Pebbles and cobbles, mainly of quartzite, and Ganoamopteris also were found in this bench. 152

recently has its origin been firmly established* Allen

(1954), from a study of parting lineations formed in

flumes, and from directional measurements of this struc­

ture from outcrops of Old Red Sandstone, found that parting lineation devslops during flow in the lower part of the

upper flow regime, most often before standing waves have formed, and that the direction of the lineation is normally

within a few degrees of th at obtained from the mean grain

orientation* In this study, parting lineation was found generally

on the surfaces of plane beds (Fig. 53), although in a few

instances the structure was observed on curved foresets of

trough-cross-bedding* Very few parting lineation readings

were obtained from lithic sandstone because of its slope- weathering tendency; most were taken in quartzose or arkosic

sandstone because these lithologies tend to weather into

bluffs allowing better bedding plane exposure. Parting

lineation is straightforward to measure and only a small area of outcrop is needed to obtain an accurate direction. The structure itself cannot indicate the direction of current flow, but this was obtained from other structures

in adjacent beds on the assumption that the current direc­ tion did not swing 180° in the intervening interval* A perusal of the figure on p*167 lends credence to this

assumption. 153

Figure 58. Parting lineation on bedding surfaces in the Fairchild Formation, Moore Mountains.

Figure 59. Unusual ripple marks in the Mackellar Formation at A3, Moore Mountains. ^The strike of the crests curves through about 60 . 154

Logs and Stems

Potter and Pettijohn (1963) cited a number of studies

in which the orientation of plant debris had been measured;

orientations both parallel and perpendicular to the paleo­ current direction were found. They thought that the perpendicular mode might result from the alignment of the

sm aller fragments "in the troughs of rip p le marks where small turbulent eddies may be the controlling factor in

the transverse orientation of the wood fragments." This

situation is recorded by Land and Hoyt (1965), who measured the orientation of grass stalks on a silt bank in an estuary. The only measurements known to this writer on large-sized plant material were made by Long (1965), who measured 100 log orientations from a horizon in the Permian

Mount Glossopteris Formation, central Transantarctic Mountains. Long found the largest mode to agree approxi­

mately with the current directions as indicated by cross- beds. Two minor modes on either side and 30 and 50 degrees from the chief mode were present also. It would appear

that for large plant debris the tendency is to orient parallel to the current flow until the orienting force of

the current, a function of the projected area of the log perpendicular to the flow, decreases to the point where it is neutralized by the frictional forces between the log and

the stream bed. From this, one might expect most logs to lie at a small angle to, but equally distributed about, the flow direction. Because the variability in log orientation 155 mas expected to be greater than that of most other current direction indicators, an effort mas made to take larger numbers of readings for each set of data.

Ripple Marks

Ripple marks (Fig. 59) have been used as direction indicators often during the last 60 years, in spite of the argument as to the distinction between wave- and current­ generated forms. Experimental work by McKee (1955) showed that both wave and current action can form asymmetrical or symmetrical rip p le marks. Both forms mere seen by the writer but in every case examined the ripple marks had an asymmetrical interval structure. Ripple marks mere found in a ll but the F alla Formation, but were not common, though the widespread small-scale cross-bedding attests to the extensive ripple migration during deposition of these strata. The formation and preservation of these ripple marks probably resulted from wave action or current flow under a flow regime lower than th a t which existed for rip p le m igration.

Slump Folds

Slump folds are not common in the post-glacial Beacon strata but six sets of fold axes were measured. The few studies available show that orientation of slump fold axes tends to be perpendicular to the paleoslope (Potter and Pettijohn, 1963). 156

Sole Marks

Although flute and squamifcrm load casts (Potter and

Pettijohn, 1963; Pettijohn and Potter, 1964) are quite

common on fragments in the scree on and below outcrops of the Mackellar Formation, they were found in place only at

Bunker Cwm (Z3) in the Fairchild Formation.

Data Collection and Processing

At le a s t three, and in most cases five or more, paleo­ current direction were measured with a Brunton in 454 stratigraphie intervals ranging from 30 cm to 30 m in thickness. In most cases readings for each set were taken from only one type of sedimentary structure to facilitate later comparisons between structures. For each set of readings a vector mean is computed. These vector means are treated as data level for the directional part of the study, for they are the best estimate of the current direction during the deposition of the sampled interval at that locality. The number of vector means obtained for each formation and structure is given in Table 12. Table 13 summarizes some further descriptive statistics for the measurements. Two computer programs (Appendices III and IV) used in processing the paleocurrent data were written in SCATRAN. One program corrects the readings for magnetic declination and computes for each set of data the vector mean, standard Table 12. Numbers of directions (sets of readings) obtained from sedimentary structures in the Beardmore area. Numbers in parentheses are sets of measure­ ments rejected because they do not differ significantly at the 95 percent level from a uniform circular distribution.

F ormation Small-scale Medium-scale Parting Logs and Ripple Slump Sole cross-bedding cross-bedding lin e atio n stems marks folds marks TOTAL

F alla 2 1 2 F remouiu 24 1 9 3 1 Buckley 54 2 11 10 3 F airchild 54 1 43 3 3 Mackellar 34 4 4 TOTAL 168 (5) 162 (14) 69 16 (2) 11 6 1 433 (21

Table 13. Further descriptive statistics concerning the measurements #

Small-scale Medium-scale Parting Logs and Ripple Slump Sole cross-bedding cross-bedding lin e a tio n stems marks folds marks TOTAL

Number of readings 1070 1119 414 246 96 31 10 2986 Number of se ts of readings 168 162 69 16 11 6 1 433 Average reading per set 6 7 6 15 9 5 10 7 H* O l 158

deviation, and 95 percent confidence interval. Although the mean is computed vectorially, the standard deviation

is computed about the vector mean as if the data are linear, that is by squaring and summing the difference

between vector mean and each variate. The 95 percent confidence interval is computed from the variance of the

set, number of readings, and a set of t-values stored in the program. Output from the processing of all 454 sets

of data is included in Appendix III, A further analysis

in which means of se ts are treated as the data level was

carried out. These results are presented graphically

later (p ,175-179), The second program performs a one-way analysis of variance to determine whether there are significant dif­

ferences in current direction areally or stratigraphically. In the computation of the sums of squares, from which the

F statistic is derived, vector means rather than arithmetic

means are used because of the vectorial nature of the measurements. However, the w riter can find no method of

obtaining vectorial deviates analogous to the deviates that can be obtained for a set of linear data, so linear

deviates from the vector mean are used in computing the sums of squares. This tends to give a slightly larger error sum of squares (in practice of the order of one

percent) than th a t obtained by using arithm etic means, and results in a slightly larger possibility of committing a Type I e rro r. 159

Because the study area crosses 20° of.longitude, the

reference direction for azimuths for each current direction

in the pages that follow (but not in Appendix III) is

changed from local true north to grid north parallel to

the line of longitude at 165° East,

Rejection of Some Data Sets

Twenty-one of the 454 sets of paleocurrent measurements

are rejected for having a distribution that is not signifi­ cantly different from a uniform circular distribution at the

95 percent confidence level. The high variances that, along with the relatively small numbers of readings, led to their exclusion probably result from changes in current direction during deposition of the sampled interval or from poor

exposure of the structure. The source of local variation

in current direction is discussed further in the following

section.

Reliability of Different Structures

As Direction Indicators

Three main factors seem to affect the standard devia­ tion within each set and hence the reliability of the mean of each set of readings; the ease or difficulty with which measurements can be made, the efficiency of the process causing or orienting the structure, and variation in local current direction at the site during deposition of the 160 ». sampled interval. Table 14 contains estimates of the importance of the former two factors. For each structure the median value of the standard deviations, taken from each set of readings, is obtained from frequency distri- • butions (Fig. 60) based on the 433 sets of paleocurrent measurements and tend to support the estimates. The median values of standard deviation can be considered as a guide to the number of readings necessary to obtain a direction of known reliability for each structure, and this has been calculated for the median standard deviations in Table 14.

The area over which measurement of an azimuth must be made influences both the difficulty of measurement and the variation due to current changes. In the case of medium- scale cross-bedding and of many slump folds, areas normally of the order of a square meter on two non-parallel surfaces must be exposed for one measurement, whereas for the other structures of Table 14 the area of exposure can be at least an order of magnitude smaller. The practical dif­ ficulties of azimuth measurement are particularly acute in the case of trough-cross-bedding. Because of the shape of the foreset beds the possibility of measuring a maximum dip direction not parallel to the axis of the trough (the current direction) is present in all but the best exposures.

This increases with limited or poor exposure, and is thought to be a major cause of the large variation that led to the rejection of 14 sets of medium-scale cross-bedding. 161

4n SLUMP FOLDS ÎS 2 - 6 VALUES _J < 0 — I— > 10 20 30 40 50 60 1 RIPPLE MARKS - II VALUES ------r . |— 1 . i m 1 ------, 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ce 6-1 LOGS , STEMS Lü 4- CD 16 VALUES z 2 - 3 0 T 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 50-,

40-

ë 30- UJ PARTING LINEATION ^ 20- 69 VALUES ÜJ

^ 10 -

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 30-1 MEDIUM- SCALE CROSS-BEDDING 162 VALUES

SMALL- SCALE I- 30- CROSS-BEDDING ü 2 0 - 168 VALUES

û . 10-

STANDARD DEVIATION (DEGREES) Figure 57. Frequency distributions of standard deviation of each set of readings for each structure. The solid and dashed v e rtic a l lin e s indicate median and q uartile values, respectively. Table 14. Comparison and ranking of some sedimentary structures according to their reliability (decreasing to the right) as direction indicators. Sole marks not included.

P arting Ripple Small-scale Medium-scale Slump Logs and lin e a tio n marks cross-bedding cross-bedding folds stems

D ifficu lty in measurement low low low high moderate low

Efficiency of process causing or orienting structure high high high high moderate low Median of standard deviation within set of readings (degrees) 6 11 11 16 19 41 Readings needed for a 10° confidence interval at the 95^ level based on the median standard deviation 4 7 7 13 17 large Readings needed for a 20° confidence interval at the 95^ level based on the median standard deviation 2 3 3 5 6 19

cn N) 163

Another source of error for large structures is that large stratigraphie intervals are required to obtain the same number of readings as from a small in te rv al with a set of small structures. Measurements from a large interval increase the likelihood of including measurements of signifi­ cantly different current directions within one set of data. Where exposure is limited or poor, the problem is unsolv- able, but in some situations it is possible to limit a sampling area stratigraphically by extending it laterally.

Reliability of Different Structures

As Paleocurrent Indicators

For areal and stratigraphie comparison of paleocurrent d ire c tio n s on a mathematical basis i t was decided to compare only the more reliable current direction indicators. Slump folds are omitted because their orientation is controlled by the slope of the depositional surface rather than by currents; ripple marks are excluded because they might have resulted from either wave or current action; and log orienta­ tions are excluded because they characteristically show a large variation in a set of directions. The single set of sole mark measurements is also excluded because without additional sets of measurements, there is no objective way of ascertaining their reliability. The remaining three structures, small- and medium-scale cross-bedding and parting lineation, are regarded as reliable 164

paleocurrent indicators because of their low.standard deviation (Fig. 57) if the sample is from a small strati­ graphie interval. Initially it was throught that because

they represent different energy environments their forma­ tion in the same physical environment might result in

different values for azimuth or standard deviation, record­ ing different aspects of the paleocurrent system. Allen

(1955), in a sophisticated and challenging approach to paleo­

current systems, proposed a hierarchical ranking of flow

fields and the bedforms they generate, and suggested that for the adequate description of a paleocurrent system all

levels of the hierarchy needed description. Although Allen's proposal is intuitively appealing, the results of this study, presented in thn rext few pages, indicate that for two of the three post-glacial Beacon

formations each of the three structures, small- and medium-

scale cross-bedding and parting lineation, is an equally

reliable current direction indicator of local or regional current direction. This equation was first suggested by

the comparison of differences between means of different

structures from the same or adjacent stratigraphie intervals (Fig. 61). In the comparison of small-scale cross-bedding and parting lineation, structures which result from deposi­

tion in widely different energy environments, the agreement in direction is remarkable. Nine of the 15 pairs show no significant difference in direction and in 14 of the 16 pairs the difference is less than 15°. The comparisons of 165

LOGS WITH SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING AND PARTING LINEATION r ------— 1------1------1 1 1 „ 0 10 20 30 40 50® MEDIUM-SCALE CROSS--BEDDING WITH . PARTING LINEATION ^ C7I 171 d-» 1 1 1 0 10 20 30 40 50® MEDIUM-SCALE WITH SMALL-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING Cl ca d CT CT d-» 1 1 —n 0 10 20 30 40 50® SMALL-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING WITH PARTING LINEATION JES- O 171 ^ ______:______171 cn ^______10 20 30 40 50® DIFFERENCE IN DEGREES BETWEEN TWO MEANS OF DIRECTIONS MEASURED FROM THE SAME OR ADJACENT STRATIGRAPHIC INTERVALS. (

B NOT SIGNIFICANT AT 95% LEVEL E SIGNIFICANT AT 95% LEVEL

TWO SETS OF PARTING LINEATION

I !ZL r JZL JZL 0 10 20 50® TWO SETS OF MEDIUM-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING 1— ------1— -, 1 ■- 0 10 20 30 40 ...... TWO SETS OF SMALL-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING 7 VALUES K--I ------a —,— __— , 0 10 2 0 30 40 50' DIFFERENCE IN DEGREES BETWEEN TWO MEANS OF DIRECTIONS MEASURED FROM THE SAME OR ADJACENT STRATIGRAPHIC INTERVALS. (

The preceding suggests that at the local level it m atters l i t t l e from which of the three stru c tu re s a paleo­ current direction is measured. Further support for this conclusion is seen in Figure 62, where the trend in current direction appears insensitive to the type of structure from which the direction was obtained. This is also evident in Figure 63, where two directions significantly different at the 99 percent level are represented by the nine arrows. A southerly direction is indicated by a set of parting lineation and of small-scale cross-bedding; a southeasterly direction is indicated by a total of seven sets that include ripple marks as well. Only one situation was found where different structures clearly indicated different direction for the same interval (Fig. 64). In the upper F airch ild Formation near Mount Wild (BO), cur­ rents producing the small-scale cross-bedding clearly flowed at a large angle to presumably stronger currents that produced the medium-scale cross-bedding and parting lineation, and the weaker currents flowed in more than one d ire c tio n . 167

• » SMALL-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING MOORE MTNS, SECTION A2 MEDIUM-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING FAIRCHILD FM — PARTING LINEATION I------LOGS AND STEMS

/ r-160

-4 -80 -150 6'

i-70 <:---- -140

—60 -130 ^ ------

-50 -120

CO g k 4 0 uj -110 ÜJ

N

—30 -100

AI

-20 -90 I

^10 -80 V TRUE NORTH

^0 •-70 Figure 52. Paleocurrent directions through the Fairchild Formation at A2, Moore Mountains. The base of each arrow has been p lo tted above the head of the arrow below to emphasize the "swinging" of the current directions with time. TRUE NORTH MOORE MTS SECTION A4 LOWER FAIRCHILD FM

------^ SMALL-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING ------PARTING LINEATION — — « — —' RIPPLE • MARKS

20 METERS SCALE

CHANNEL FILL

Figure 63, Perspective sketch of the floor of a channel exposed as a bench in the lower part of the Fairchild Formation, Moore Mountains. cn CD 169

MT WILD AREA, SECTION BO FAIRCHILD FM

SMALL-SCALE MEDIUM-SCALE PARTING CROSS'-BED DING CROSS- BEDDING LINEATION 136-,

135-

134-

/ 133- /

TRUE "132^ NORTH LÜ A LÜ 13

130-

129-

128-

/ 127-1 i /

Figure 54. Paleocurrent directions for a 9-m-thick interval in the upper Fairchild Formation at BO near Mount Wild, The bars represent the interval through which the measurements were taken. 170

The hypothesis that there is no substantial difference in reliability as paleocurrent indicators between the three

structures is valid also on a regional basis for at least the Fairchild and Buckley Formations. The difference be­ tween mean directions from small-scale cross-bedding,

medium-scale cross-bedding, and parting lineation was tested separately for the Fairchild, Buckley and Fremouw

Formations, in each case over areas from which similar current directions were obtained. In each test the F statistic (the ratio of the variance between samples and

the variance within samples) is lower by a factor of 10 or more than that acceptable at the 90 percent confidence level (Table 15); that is, for each formation the mean directions obtained from each structure are not signifi­ cantly different. Also, the variances for the structures in each of the three formations were compared two at a time (Table 15). Only one of the three comparisons for the Fairchild Formation, between small-scale cross-bedding and parting lineation, is significant at the 90 percent level, and for the Buckley Formation none is significant a t th a t le v e l. However, a sim ilar an aly sis for the Fremouw Formation shows a significant difference between the vari­ ances of all three structures at the 90 percent level and between small-scale cross-bedding and parting lineation at the 99 percent level. These variances suggest for the Fremouw Formation a natural order of decreasing variability. Table 15. Summary of the results of analyses of variance comparing mean directions areally, stratigraphically and by sedimentary structure. Localities DO, L and S are shown in Figures 66 and 68.

Area of C ritic a l values for F Field of test Comparison 90# between f ie ld (1) (2) 99# 99.9% (sq km) ^calc level level level

(Klackellar Fm. L o c a litie s 1,000 3 27 0.97 2.30 4.61 7.30 Fairchild Fm. Localities • 7,000 6 126 2.03 1.82 2.96 4.04 Fairchild Fm. DO and L. L o c a litie s 200 1 20 0.02 2.97 8.10 14.80 Fairchild Fm. Rest. Localities 7,000 4 106 0.06 2.03 3.55 5.22 F a irch ild Fm. Rest vs DO and L. Areas 7,000 1 131 12.24 2.75 6.85 11.40 Buckley Fm. L o c a litie s 20,000 12 97 3.49 1.63 2.45 3.11 Buckley Fm. near plateau. L o c a litie s 5,000 3 32 1.27 2.27 4.47 6.96 Buckley Fm. in mountains. L o c a litie s 15,000 8 65 1.24 1.77 2.81 3.84 Buckley Fm .'plateau vs mountains . Areas 20,000 1 108 27.68 2.76 6.88 11.60 Permian. IKlackellar vs F a irch ild vs Buckley Fms. F ormations 20,000 2 283 1.89 2.30 4.61 6.91

Buckley vs Fremouw Fm. F ormations 20,000 1 208 639.00 2.71 6.63 10.80 Fremouw Fm. L o c a litie s 4,000 4 86 3.40 2.02 3.57 5.15 Fremouw Fm. le s s S. L o c a litie s 4,000 3 76 1.82 2.17 4.08 6.08 Table 15 (Continued)

values for F Comparison Area of C ritic a l Field of test fie ld (1) (2) ^oalc 90^0 99^ 99.9^ between (sq km) level level level

F alla Fm. L o c a litie s 300 1 12 13*12 3.18 9.33 18.60 Triassic. Prebble Glacier. F ormations 300 1 57 0.26 2.80 4.00 12.10

Fairchild Fm* Less DO and L. S tructures 7,000 2 112 0.14 2.35 Buckley Fm. in mountains Structures 20,000 2 72 0.04 2.38 Fremouw Fm* le ss S S tructures 4,000 2 84 0.11 2.37

(1) Degrees of freedom between samples • ( 2 ) Degrees of freedom within samples.

- s i N) Table 16. Comparison of standard deviations between sedimentary structures in each formation* Where the F value exceeds the critical value, one of the pair of standard deviations is significantly larger than the other. The directions come from areas with no significant difference in current direction (Table 15).

C ritic a l values Formation Structure* S • D •** d .f. F value 90jS level 99% level

F airc h ild small 51 41 1.86 1.79 S 2.52 NS p artin g 40 30 small 51 41 1.63 1.68 NS 2.29 NS medium 37 41 medium/ 37 41 1.14 1.79 NS 2.52 NS p arting 40 30 Buckley parting 74 4 1.08 2.76 NS 4.35 NS small 71 43 small 71 43 1.01 1.89 NS 2.76 NS medium 71 25 parting 74 4 1.07 2.78 NS 4.89 NS medium 71 25 Fremouw small 52 18 10.34 3.90 S 9.68 S parting 16 6 small 52 18 1.87 1.79 S 2.46 NS medium 38 60 medium 38 60 5.53 3,74 S 9.12 NS parting 16 6 *small small-scale cross- bedding S - significant medium medium-scale cross -bedding MS - not significant p arting - parting lineation ** Standard deviation Cf) 174 such as that which Allen (1965) proposed, From small-scale cross-bedding to parting lineation*

Regional Variation in Current Direction

Introduction Analyses of variance were performed for each formation to determine whether there are significant differences in paleocurrent d irec tio n from one p a rt of the Beardmore area to another. Each lo c a lity with four or more d irectio n s was treated as a sample (Table 15). For this study, the 90 per­ cent confidence level was accepted for the demonstration of similarity in direction, while the 99 percent level was required for the acceptance of a difference in paleocurrent direction. Decisions based on the analysis of variance in th is and the following section can be compared with the trends evident visu ally in Figures 65 to 69, where paleo­ current directions for all structures at each locality are plotted for each formation. lïlackellar Formation No significant areal variation in current direction is found for the IKlackellar Formation from the Moore Mountains to Mount Miller 70 km to the east.

Fairchild Formation A lack of consistency in paleocurrent direction for the Fairchild Formation is suggested by an F value significant 7~ SOUTH POLAR PLATEAU 0 10 20 30 4 0 50 KILOMETERS ___1 I______I_____ I_____ I_____ T SCALE

< 20» .SMALL-SCALE ______20140» ^CROSS-BEDDING 40»-60’ ------PARTING LINEATION ■ > 60» — I DIRECTION ------* RIPPLE MARKS

RELATIONSHIP OF LENGTH OF ...... SLUMP FOLDS ARROWS TO THE 9 0 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR ROSS ICE SHELF DIRECTIONS AT EACH LOCALITY

SEDIMENT DISPERSAL PATTERN ZO SECTION NUMBER -j Figure 65, Paleocurrent map for the IKlackellar Formation. cn SOUTH POLAR PLATEAU 0 10 20 30 4 0 5 0 KILOMETERS SCALE

BO

CO AO-4

DO

>LO,l

Z3 '• ZO

< 20° SMALL-SCALE 20°-40° CROSS-BEDDING 40°-60° MEDIUM-SCALE > 60° CROSS-BEDDING I DIRECTION PARTING LINEATION RELATIONSHIP OF LENGTH OF - LOGS AND STEMS ARROWS TO THE 9 0 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR RIPPLE MARKS DIRECTIONS AT EACH LOCALITY ROSS ICE SHELF •> SOLE MARKS SEDIMENT DISPERSAL PATTERN CO SECTION NUMBER °»,

Figure 66. Paleocurrent map of the Fairchild Formation. cn fOo, SOUTH POLAR PLATEAU 10 20 30 4 0 50 KILOMETERS SCALE

< BO-2 Oo.

RO

EC A2-4 60, <------WO,I PO,l LI,2 DO

1,2,4

Z3

SMALL-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING MEDIUM-SCALE CROSS-BEDDING

PARTING LINEATION RELATIONSHIP OF LENGTH OF - LOGS AND STEMS ARROWS TO THE 9 0 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR -• RIPPLE MARKS ROSS ICE SHELF- DIRECTIONS AT EACH LOCALITY SLUMP FOLDS SEDIMENT DISPERSAL PATTERN DO SECTION NUMBER

-

TO-»->

< 20° ______SMALL- SCALE ------2 0 “-40® CROSS-BEDDING 40»-60° ______MEDIUM-SCALE > 6 0 ° CROSS-BEDDING — I DIRECTION ------PARTING LINEATION RELATIONSHIP OF LENGTH OF ARROWS TO THE 9 0 % - - - LOGS AND STEMS CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR -# RIPPLE MARKS ROSS ICE SHELF DIRECTIONS AT EACH LOCALITY

SEDIMENT DISPERSAL PATTERN DO SECTION NUMBER '> 3 o 't. -0 Figure 68. Paleocurrent map of the Fremouw Formation. CD SOUTH POLAR PLATEAU 0 10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS SCALE

FO, 2,3,5

« 20° SMALL-SCALE 2 0°-40° CROSS-BEDDING 40°-60° MEDIUM-SCALE > 60° CROSS-BEDDING I DIRECTION PARTING LINEATION RELATIONSHIP OF LENGTH OF ARROWS TO THE 9 0 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR ROSS ICE SHELF DIRECTIONS AT EACH LOCALITY

« w jÿ i SEDIMENT DISPERSAL PATTERN I ! SECTION NUMBER -O LO Figure 69. Paleocurrent map of the Falla Formation. 180 at the 90 percent confidence level. Following the separa­ tion of the data from localities LO, LI and DO (Fig. 66), whose means appeared to differ considerably from the rest, computations for each of the two groups of localities give F values for each that are not significant even at the 50 percent level. A test between the two groups of localities indicated a difference in paleocurrent direction signifi­ cant at the 99.9 percent level.

Buckley Formation Areal variation in paleocurrent directions of the

Buckley Formation (Fig. 57) is significant at the 99.9 percent level. The localities were separated into a group near the Polar Plateau on the western margin of the area (Fig. 67, BO, RO, A2-4, DO) and a group consisting of the remainder. Analyses of variance for each group show no significant differences in directions at the 90 percent level, but a between-group analysis shows a difference in paleocurrent direction significant at the 99.9 percent le v e l.

Fremouw Formation Paleocurrent directions from the Fremouw Formation (Fig. 68) do not differ significantly at the 90 percent level over an area of 4000 sq km, if the Mount Sirius directions (SO, 51) are excluded. If the Mount Sirius directions are included, the F statistic is significant at the 90 percent but not at the 99 percent confidence level. 181

The difference between the Mount Sirius directions and those to the southeast may be real, but is not large enough to alter the conclusion that the current flow pattern during thé deposition of the Fremouw Formation is essentially unimodal.

Falla Formation The necessary minimum number of paleocurrent directions was obtained from only two localities for the Falla Forma­ tion, both in the Prebble Glacier area and about 20 km apart. The difference in paleocurrent direction is signifi­ cant at the 99 percent level, but the area is small and th is may represent a difference on a scale somewhat sm aller than that for the differences or similarities accepted for the other four formations.

Variation in Current Direction Between Formations

The differences in mean paleocurrent direction between Permian formations (lïlackellar, Fairchild, and Buckley For­ mations) are not significant at the 90 percent confidence level. Comparison of directions for the two Triassic formations in the Prebble Glacier area give the same re­ s u lt. However, the passage from the Buckley to the Fremouw

Formation (whose lower contact is close to the Perraian- T ria ssic boundary) is marked by a sh ift in mean current direction approaching 180°, a change significant far beyond 182 the 99.95 percent level. In fact, if 180° is added to the mean Buckley direction (138°) and the resulting value (318°) is compared with the mean Fremouw direction (302°) there is no significant difference at the 95 percent confidence le v e l.

Interpretation of Paleocurrent Data

From the paleocurrent maps for each formation (Figs.

55 through 69) certain similarities and differences in paleocurrent patterns are noticed within and between forma­ tions. In the previous pages these have been tested to obtain an estimation of the likelihood that they are real and not a chance result. The decisions based on these tests are now used, with a consideration of previously proposed paleocurrent models (Table 17) to help construct, or at least place limits on, regional environments of deposition, sediment transport patterns, and their changes with time in the Beardmore Glacier area. Each of the five formations has a more or less unidirec­ tional paleocurrent pattern, though the spread of direction in the Buckley Formation is large and significant. The regional paleoslope for the Permian, inferred from ice- movement d irec tio n s from the g la c ia l beds below the r/Iackellar Formation (Lindsay, 1968) and from paleocurrent directions from the overlying flood plain deposits of the Fairchild and Buckley Formations, is to the southeast. Table 17. Relationship between environment, paleocurrent pattern and paleoslope (after Klein, 1967 and Shelley, 1968).

Environment Dispersal pattern Relation to paleoslope

Flood plain unimodal - straight downslope - rad ia l - centripetal Coastal - estuary bimodal parallel to slope direction - beach bimodal parallel to slope direction

- tidal flats bimodal or quadrimodal parallel or perpendicular to slope direction

Shallow marine unimodal or bimodal parallel or perpendicular to slope direction

CDu 184 lïlackellar paleocurrents flowed persistently to the south­ east also, paralleling the regional paleoslope of the time.

This situation is inconsistent with a normal coastal or transitional environment of deposition (Table 17), but it is not inconsistent with deposition in a long narrow gulf with an adequate flow of water, like the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Sea. Although the overall paleocurrent pattern of the

Fairchild Formation is unidirectional, directions from the

Lowery Glacier are significantly different from the rest and form a c e n trip e ta l p a ttern , sim ilar to one of the fluviatile models of Selley (1966, Fig. 4). This, together with the low standard deviations shown by all three major paleocurrent structures suggests deposition on an alluvial plain by low-sinuosity, possibly braided streams. A rough calculation based on the estimated flow in some of the broad channels in the formation, and using data from Leopold and Wolman (1957), suggests stream gradients of about 1 in

500. A centripetal pattern on a much larger scale is evident for the Buckley Formation. Streams in the western part of the area flowed off the old oration of East Antarctica to the west, whereas in the rest of the area they flowed from the northwest and north. The streams were meandering, judging from the high standard deviations obtained even from a region in which there is no significant areal variation in current direction. The Buckley flood plain 185

probably had a much lower gradient than that on which the

Fairchild Formation mas deposited; stream directions mere

more variable, and the Buckley Formation has a much larger

proportion of fine-grained sediment. The major event in the depositional history of the area

is the change in paleoslope direction prior to the deposi­ tion of the Fremoum Formation. The consistency of direction

of the Permian and the Triassic formations, and the near reversal in sense, points to some lateral constraint on

the flood plain, ranges of lorn hills perhaps, for the

Permian and Triassic periods. The Fremoum Formation mas deposited on an alluvial plain mainly by lorn sinuosity streams; paleocurrent vari­ ability of the Fremoum Formation is significantly less than that of the underlying Buckley Formation (Table 18), but is indistinguishable from that of the Fairchild Formation for tmo of the three paleocurrent structures. Homever, the

Fremoum Formation contains a considerably higher proportion of fine sediment than the Fairchild Formation, perhaps suggesting that the lorn standard deviations for the former resulted mainly from high bankful discharge, whereas those of the latter resulted from high gradient. The environment of deposition for the Falla Formation was probably similar to that of the Fremoum Formation. Table 18, Comparison of standard deviations between formations for each sedimentary structure. Where the F value exceeds the critical value, one of the pair of standard deviations is significantly larger*

stru ctu re C ritic a l values Formations S.D, d.f. F value 90^ level 99^ lev el

Small-scale Buckley 71 43 1.94 1.67 S 2.27 NS cross-bedding F airc h ild 51 41 Medium-scale Buckley 71 25 3.57 1.87 S 2,69 S cross-bedding Fa irc h ild 37 41 Parting Buckley 74 40 3.38 2.43 S 3,97 NS lin e a tio n F airc h ild 40 30 Buckley 70 74 2.61 1.34 5 1.76 S Pooled F a irc h ild 43 114 Buckley 70 74 2,53 Pooled 2.19 S Mackellar 44 30 Small-scale Buckley 71 43 1,86 2.08 NS 3.24 NS cross-bedding F remouw 52 18 Medium-scale Buckley 71 25 3,44 1.68 S 2,25 S cross-bedding Fremouw 38 60 Parting Buckley 74 4 20.58 4,29 S 11.50 S lin e a tio n Fremouw 16 5 Small-scale F a irch ild 51 41 0,96 2.08 NS 3.25 NS cross-bedding F remouw 52 18 Medium-scale Fa irc h ild 37 41 0.96 1.64 NS 2.18 NS cross-bedding F remouw 38 60 Parting F a irch ild 40 30 6.08 3,77 S 9.24 NS lin e atio n F remouw 16 5 S,D, - standard deviation S - significant CO d,f, - degrees of freedom NS - not significant cn SUMMARY

The post-glacial Permian and Triassic sequence in the

Beardmore Glacier area is about 2200 m thick and comprises five formations. The Mackellar, Fairchild and Buckley

Formations are Permian, and the Fremouw and Falla Formations are Triassic in age. The overlying Triassic?-Jurassic

Ferrar Group includes a largely volcanic unit, the Prebble

Formation, which has a ffin itie s with both the Beacon rocks below and the basalts above, the Kirkpatrick Basalt and the Ferrar Dolerite. The Mackellar Formation, which conformably overlies glacial deposits of the Pagoda Formation (Permian), consists of about 90 m of laminated medium- to dark-gray shale and light-gray very-fine-grained sandstone in the type area near Mount Mackellar. To the northwest, however, the strata include more sandstone and become less carbonaceous; paleo­ current data indicate a northwesterly source. The Mackellar Formation was deposited in a quiet body of water that ex­ tended from the Queen Elizabeth Range at least to the Ohio

Range, a distance of 1000 km; strontium 87/86 ratios suggest that the waters were non-marine.

187 188

The Fairchild Formation is a massive arkosic sandstone,

from 120 to 220 m thick, that overlies the Mackellar Forma- tion with local disconformity• The large volume of immature

sand, which was deposited by streams flowing to the south­ east, suggests that much of it was reworked glacial debris l e f t by the Pagoda glaciation; the mineralogy indicates that the sand originally was derived, like sand in the Mackellar Formation, from granitic and metasedimentary rocks.

The Fairchild Formation is overlain by the Buckley

Formation, a coal-bearing sequence about 750 m thick. Strata in the Buckley Formation are crudely cyclic; sand­

stone beds with erosion surfaces at the base grade upward into finer-grained sandstone and carbonaceous shale. Coal

beds were found at most lo ca litie s, and form as much as six percent of the sedimentary section. Leaves (mainly Glossopteris), stems and logs are common, particularly in the upper part of the formation. The Buckley Formation was

deposited on a flood plain of low gradient in a lower energy environment than that envisaged for the Fairchild Formation; the Buckley Formation has much more shale, and local current directions are far more variable. The source of the Buckley sand was threefold. Quartz-plagioclase-K-feldspar sand, like that in the Fairchild Formation, came from the west; quartz-plagioclase sand was supplied from the north to the eastern part of the area; and andesitic to dacitic volcanic activity also poured detritus into the basin, overwhelming 189

the non-volcanic sand contribution in the upper part of the formation. The Triassic Fremouw Formation, which is from 500 to BOO m thick, begins with a cyclic sequence about 100 m thick

of quartzose sandstone and non-carbonaceous greenish-gray

siltstone. Part of a labyrinthodont jawbone was discovered in the quartzose sandstone at Graphite Peak. Andesitic

and dacitic volcanic material reappear in sandstone in the

middle part of the formation, which is dominated by greenish-

gray siltstone. Carbonaceous shale and logs and stems become common in the upper part of the formation. Root

impressions have been found throughout the formation. Leaves of Dicroidium were found in the upper part of the formation (and the lower part of the overlying Falla Formation).

In the lower part of the Falla Formation is a cyclic sequence of sandstone and shale that in the type area is carbonaceous. The sandstone near the base of the formation is much more quartzose than the underlying Fremouw sand­ stone, but the quartz is diluted by volcanic material progressively up the section. The upper part of the forma­ tion is dominated by v itric tuff. The presence of accre- tionary lapilli suggests that at least one center of eruption lay within the present limits of the Queen

Alexandra Range. The two Triassic formations were deposited on a flood plain, like the Buckley Formation, but the sediment transport 190

direction was to the west and northwest, and streams were

much less sinuous.

The Falla Formation is overlain in some places conform­ ably and in others disconformably by the Prefable Formation,

a Triassic?-Lower Jurassic unit that ranges in thickness from 0 to at least 450 m. The Prebble Formation consists of laharic deposits, agglomerate, tuff and tuffaceous

sediment, and is overlain by the Lower to Middle Jurassic

Kirkpatrick Basalt. The Beacon strata were intruded by

Ferrar Dolerite about the same time as the basalts were

extruded. The intrusion of dolerite s ills has caused widespread

metamorphism of some of the volcanic and calcareous sediments,

Laumontite has replaced some volcanic and feldspar grains and matrix in sandstones from the Buckley and Fremouw Formations; in the Falla and Prebble Formations the replace­ ment minerals are clinoptilolite, analcime and in one

sample mordenite as well. There is no indication of extensive albitization. A few sandstones from the Buckley and the lower part of the Fremouw Formation contain prehnite,

and some near s ills in the Buckley Formation include grossular garnet as well. Graphite was found in the Buckley

Formation at three localities. The Beardmore Glacier area has been gently warped about a northwest-southeast axis since the Jurassic Period. Major faulting seems to have been limited to two areas, the Dominion Range and the Queen Elizabeth Range, In the 191

la tte r area, a normal fau lt passes southward into a mono-

clinal structure, which disappears farther south. Recent

shallow tectonic activity is shown by toreva-blocks, involving as much as 220 m of strata, that have slid down

between 500 and 1400 m from a high area near the present

Mount Mackellar. Approximately 3000 paleocurrent measurements were

taken in sets of about six from stratigraphie intervals less than 30 m thick from the five Permian and Triassic formations.

These data yielded 432 current directions, 168 from small- scale cross-bedding, 162 from medium-scale cross-bedding,

69 from parting lineation, and 33 from logs, ripple marks

and slump folds. Analysis of variance, using vector rather than arithme­

tic means, was used to indicate the likelihood that dif­ ferences in current direction for different areas, formations or types of sedimentary structures are due to variations in a

normally distributed population. Four formations have essentially a unimodal current pattern, while the Buckley Formation has a centripetal pattern. There is no significant difference (F^^g) between mean directions to the southeast for the three Permian formations, or to the northwest for the two Triassic forma­ tions. This persistence of the northwest-southeast direction suggests that some lateral restriction of the flood plain, ranges of low h ills perhaps, persisted through Permian and

Triassic times. 192

lïlean current directions for small- and rtiediurn-scale cross-bedding and parting lineation within each formation are not significantly different, and for the Fairchild and

Buckley Formations values for standard deviations are also similar. For these two formations, each structure is an equally reliable indicator of paleocurrent direction, and a hierarchy of bedforms like that proposed by Allen (1966) is not indicated. However, such a hierarchy might exist for the Fremoum Formation, where parting lineation is significantly less variable than medium-scale cross-bedding, and medium-scale cross-bedding is significantly less variable than small-scale cross-bedding. APPENDIX I

Stratigraphie sections were measured by hand-leveling, and large thicknesses were checked by altimetry. The strata are described and the rock units numbered in ascending order.

Column A contains the unit number, column 3 the thickness of each unit in meters, and column C the cumulative thickness.

Latitude and longitude have been determined from map sheets of theU. S. Geological Survey's 1:250,000 reconnaissance series. Elevations determined by altimetry are given to the nearest 10 m and are followed by the identification a lt. Elevations determined from the map sheets are given ^ to the nearest 50 m and are followed by map est» Each stratigraphie section is identified by a letter signifying the location of the area, and a digit identifying the section in that area. Rock samples are liste d after the description of the bed from which they were taken, and their location is given in meters above the base of the unit. The two digit sample numbers increase going up the section. Thus each sample is individually identified by four characters, for example, F232 signifies f/It. Falla area, section 2, sample number 32. Rock properties are described in the following order: lithology, color of unweathered surface, weathered color

193 194

( "u/eathers” has been abbreviated to "ui/")> grain size and then other relevant comments. The nature of the contact between units is described in the line between unit descriptions. 195

A B C

RAMSEY GLACIER AREA

Section HO, North tip of McIntyre Promontory, Elevation at base of unit 1 is 2000 m (alt,). Position BAO 54,5' S; 178° 42' E. Buckley Formation

SNOW, DOLERITE SILL, at least 10 m thick,

1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), fine- to medium-grained,, ,,, 1 1 2 Shale, dark-gray (w/same), papery in places, shiny with graphite ...... 3 4 Sample HOOO 2 m Glossopteris-bearinq shale, - gradational contact - 3 Coal, graphitic, black and shiny ...... 0,7 5 Sample HOOl 0,3 m Graphitic coal, - gradational contact - 4 Shale, dark-gray (w/same) ...... ,,,,,,,. 2 7 - contact in scree - 5 Siltstone, light- to dark-gray (w/same and greenish gray), sandy, shaly to flaggy. Some very-fine sandstone beds a few cm. thick ...... 15 22 - sharp contact - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same and reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, flaggy, micro-cross-laminated. Lower 50 cm gritty and quartzofeldspathic ...... 9 30 Sample H002 base Coarse ss. Sample H003 6 m Fine ss, - gradational contact - 7 Shale, black (w /sam e),,,, ...... 4 34

DOLERITE SILL, 270 m thick.

Note: SectionSection continued cont; from top of sill 2,9 km south at 84°q/,0 55,3' cc -zi S. e. 195

3 Siltstone, dark-gray (w/same or medium to dark brown), fine-grained, laminated to thin-bedded. Strongly baked ...... 16 50 - contact in scree - 9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light brown), medium-grained, flaggy, well-cemented ...... 4 54 Sample H005 0.3 m Medium ss. - contact in scree - 10 Siltstone; like unit 8 . Poorly exposed. Shaly graphitic coal from 11 to 13 m 17 71 - sharp contact - 11 Sandstone; like unit 9, but more blocky. Thin greenish-gray laminae ...... 1.8 73 - gradational contact - 12 Siltstone; like unit 8 . Several fine sand­ stone lenses 10 to 20 cm thick. Upper 50 cm shaly graphitic coal...... 5 77 - erosion surface - 13 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray and lig h t reddish brown), fine-grained, thin- to thick-bedded. Lower 1 m is light to medium gray. A number of stylolites with a relief of 2 or 3 mm picked out by carbonaceous material...... -...... 4 81 Undulatory parallel bedding and cross­ bedding. Carbonaceous laminae quite common. Sample H006 base Fine ss. - sharp contact - 14 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray), medium-grained ...... 0.9 82 - gradational contact - 15 Siltstone, dark-gray to black (w/same),. 10 cm of shaly coal 40 cm below top of unit. .. 3 85 - erosion surface with about 40 cm of local relief - 15 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, thick- bedded to massive, parallel- and cross­ bedded. Rare laminae and stringers up to 40 cm thick of dark shale. Rounded white quartz pebbles abundant in lower 30 cm and 197

A B C

found scattered and in thin lenses through­ out unit. Pebbles mostly 2 to 4 cm with some up to 8 cm across 14 99 Sample H007 1 m Ss. - sharp contact - 17 Siltstone, dark-gray to black (w/same), shaly; contains Glossop teris. 2 101 - sharp contact - 18 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light brown), medium-grained, medium-bedded...... 4 105

19 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray and light brown), very-fine-grained, medium-bedded. Some plant fragm ents...... 2.4 107 - gradational contact - 20 Siltstone, dark-gray to black (w/same), laminated. Some thin coaly layers. Vertebraria roots up to 1 cm across...... 3 110 - sharp contact - 21 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same and light reddish brown), medium-grained, flaggy to blocky, laminated and cross-bedded. Light- to dark-gray silicified and distor­ ted woody fragments and lenses up to 40 cm across common above 2.4 m. Rounded white quartz pebbles up to 8 cm long as thin stringers from 5 to 6 m and from 19 to 20 m. 26 136 Sample H008 0.5 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 22 Siltstone, light-gray to black (w/same), fine-grained, shaly to blocky. Coaly laminae abundant in upper 15 cm ...... 1.5 137 - erosion surface - 23 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same with a purplish cast), medium- to coarse-grained, massive. Rounded vein quartz pebbles mostly 2 to 4 cm with some up to 8 cm long abundant in the lower 1 m and scattered throughout unit ...... 5 142 - sharp contact - 198

24 Siltstone, dark-gray to black (w/same or light gray). Some thin coaly beds...... 4 145 - sharp contact - 25 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same, light reddish brown, light greenish gray or medium brown), fine- to medium-grained, blocky to massive, mainly parallel- laminated. Flattened light- to dark-gray silicified wood fragments and streaks, including stems up to 1.6 ra long common at several levels. Enclosing sandstone generally coarser grained than the beds above and below, and contains numerous fine white laminae. Convolute bedding also found.. 28 174 Sample HOlO 0.5 m Medium ss. Sample HOll 22 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 25 Siltstone, light-gray (w/same or light pinkish gray), thin- to medium-bedded, blocky. Medium- and dark-gray siltstone stringers about 10 cm thick common...... 3 177 - sharp contact - 27 Shale, medium-gray to black (w/same), thin- bedded. Coaly laminae up to 2 cm th ic k ..... 4 182 - sharp contact - 28 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive 4 185 29 Claystone, medium-gray (w/light brown or light gray), thin- to medium-bedded, hard. Dark brown where carbonaceous laminae are common. Glossop teris and poorly preserved stems...... 10 195 Sample H012 6 m Glossop te r is . - sharp contact - 30 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, medium- to thick-bedded.. 7 202 - gradational contact - 31 Claystone, medium- to dark-gray (w/same, white, dark brown or light reddish brown), thin- to medium-bedded, b l o c k y ...... 14 215 - gradational contact - 199

32 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), very-fine- to fine-grained, blocky, parallel- and microcrosslaminated... 8 224 Sample H014 1 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 33 Claystone; like unit 31. Abundant Glossopteris and other long thin leaves 15 239 Sample H015 4 m Glossop te r is . - sharp contact - 34 Sandstone; like unit 32 ...... 5 244 - sharp contact - 35 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same , reddish brown or locally dark brown), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky to massive. S ilic i­ fied wood fragments and streaks common ...... 4 249 Sample H015 3 m Medium ss. - sharp contact - 36 Shale, medium-gray to black (w/same). Some thin coaly beds. Plant and wood fragments with poorly preserved Glossopteris ...... 6 255 DOLERITE SILL, 73 m thick. 37 Coal, graphitic, shaly. Upper surface iron-stained ...... 2.4 257 - sharp contact - 38 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown, or medium and dark brown up to 10 m from s ill) , fine-grained, medium- to thick-bedded, blocky to massive, mostly parallel-bedded. Light gray silicified? woody streaks common in upper15 m ...... 39 295 Sample H017 0.2 m Fine ss. Sample H018 29 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 39 Siltstone, very-light-qreenish-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium- to thick- bedded. A few light gray fine sandstone beds up to 1 m thick. White flecks common ...... 20 316 - erosion surface - Thickness of Buckley Formation...... 316+ m 200

A B C

Fremoum Formation - sharp contact - 1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (m/same or light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive, parallel- and cross-bedded. Lenses and stringers of mudstone fragments up to 25 cm across at several levels. Dolerite dike 1.2 m thick at 2.4 m 8 8 Sample H019 1.2 m medium ss. - gradational contact - 2 Siltstone, greenish-gray (m/same or reddish brown), sandy, medium-bedded to massive. White flecks common. At least tmo horizons of root-holes (mhite subvertical tubes 5 to 10 mm across) and several lenses of fine sandstone up to 50 cm thick in upper 5m ..,. 20 28 NOTE: At 12 m crossed to south side of dike with 12 m throw. At about 18 m crossed back to north side. Probably mis-correlated across dike, not realizing the direction of throw until after the return to camp. A sandstone-siltstone pair totaling about 27 m in thickness may have been missed in the description here..... 27 55 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone; like unit 1. 2 57 Sample H020 base Medium ss. - gradational contact - 6 Siltstone, light-greenish-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine- to coarse­ grained, laminated. Several horizons a few cm thick of sedimentary breccia 2 59 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone; like unit 1 1 60 - gradational contact - 8 Siltstone, light-greenish-gray (w/same or light reddish brown) 2.7 63 - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone; like unit 1, but with subrounded white.quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across in pockets in the lower 10 cm» ...... - gradational contact - 201

A B C

10 Siltstone; like unit 8 ...... 0,9 66 - erosion surface - 11 Sandstone; like unit 1 ...... 4 70 - sharp contact - 12 Siltstone; like unit 8 ...... 2.7 70 - erosion surface - 13 Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/same or reddish brown), fine- to very-coarse- grained, massive, parallel- and cross- bedded, quartzose. Subrounded white quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across concentrated mainly in lower 20 cm but scattered through­ out unit in stringers and lenses. Spheroidal black tuffaceous? pebbles up to 2 cm across from 1 to 2 m. Accumulations of light- and very-dark-greenish-gray mudstone fragments up to 40 cm across in the lower 1 m. Smaller fragments at several higher levels.. 12 • 85 Sample H021 0.5 m Coarse quartzose ss. - gradational contact - 14 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same, light greenish gray and lig h t reddish brown), fine-grained, thick-bedded and massive, parallel- and cross-bedded...... 6 91 - gradational contact - 15 Siltstone, greenish-gray (w/same and light reddish brown), massive...... 1.5 92 - erosion surface - 16 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine-grained, massive; cross-bedded with some foresets slumped in dip direction. Some greenish-gray laminae.. 4 96 Sample H022 0.2 m Fine ss, - gradational contact - 17 Siltstone; like unit 15, but with white flecks and root-holes in upper 50 c m ...... 4 100 - erosion surface - Note; Moved north across dike and up to same surface. 18 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine-grained, massive, cross-bedded ...... 6 105 - contact in snow - 202

A 8

19 Siltstone, greenish-gray (w/same); shaly in places. A number of lenses up to 1 m thick of light-gray fine sandstone. Several dark-chocolate brown patches and thin beds between 10 and 20 m. Unit poorly exposed through snow ...... 26 132 Sample H023 2 m Siltstone, - contact in snow - 20 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same, light greenish gray or light reddish brown), fine-grained, massive, parallel- and cross-bedded 9 140 Sample H024 1.5 m Fine ss, - gradational contact - 21 Siltstone; like unit 19 ...... 24 165 - contact in snow - 22 Sandstone; like unit 18. Root-holes in upper p a r t ...... 2.1 167

23 SNOW...... 1.8 169 24 Sandstone; like unit 1 8 ...... 8 177 - contact in snow - 25 Siltstone; like unit 19...... 1.8 179

26 Sandstone; like unit 18 ...... 2.1 181 Sample H025 2 m Fine ss. 27 Siltstone; like unit 19...... 3 184

28 Sandstone; like unit 18 ...... 0.6 185

SNOW. Thickness of Fremouw Formation...... 185+ ra Note: Top of section is about 1 km south of the summit of McIntyre Promontory, and is about 100 m south of two small snow cones. 203

B C

OTWAY MASSIF AREA Section 00. West-Facing slope on the southern tip of the Otway Massif. Elevation at base of unit 1 is 2490 m ( a lt.) . Position 85° 32.2' S; 171° 58* E.

Prebble Formation

SCREE . Conglomerate, light-gray (w/light brown); most clasts 2 to 5 cm across with a few up to 20 cm, poorly sorted, generally homo­ geneous, massive, compact (clasts have a similar weathering resistance to matrix). Clasts range in shape from spheroidal to discoidal and are generally subrounded. The following rock types were noted, in decreasing order of abundance: a. Light-colored, finely vescular tuff. Patches of a pink mineral common, and some fragments contain phenocrysts. Larger clasts contain greenish-gray very-fine- grained fragments. b. Light-greenish-gray or light-gray very-fine-grained dense elongate frag­ ments, probably tuff or fine siltstone. c. Dark-brown equigranular dolerite rock. d. Light-gray fine- to medium-grained rather quartzose sandstone. e. Light-greenish-gray or light-purple siltstone. At 19 m there is a lens 5 m thick con­ taining large blocks in a conglomeratic matrix. The lower contact, which seems gradational over 20 cm, dips toward 250° at about 10°. Lithologies and lengths (in cm) of the largest blocks are: a. Dark-rbrown doleritic rock - 27, 55, 50, 27, 26, 28. b. Dark-brown basalt with some amygdal- oidal blocks - 14, 25, 19, 39, 31. c. Very-light-gray fine- to medium- grained sandstone - 68 , 46, 64, 42, 56, 80. d. Conglomerate, like rest of unit - 48, 26, 54. 204

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At 32 m there is a similar lens but with smaller clasts (up to 40 cm across), in­ cluding a 10-cm-long piece of graphite, and a thickness of 1 m. Neither lens can be traced laterally for more than 20 cm..... 80 80 Sample 0001 3 m Conglomerate. Sample 0002 20 m Part of ss block. Sample 0003 20 m Doleritic block with 1-cm- thick weathering rind. - gradational contact - 2 Conglomerate; like unit 1 but finer grained. In the lower part clasts are mostly less than 1 cm across. The rude bedding dips toward 240° at 30 to From 5 to about 15 m the unit is thin- bedded, with alternating poorly sorted fine sandstone and fine conglomerate in which there is some indistinct cross­ bedding. These beds dip 7°. Upper part of unit again like unit 1 but weathers medium gray, and the clasts are mostly less than 2 cm across. Within the upper part of the unit there is a "raft" about 20 m thick and 20 m across of a light- greenish-gray fine-grained rock, probably tuff. The body is in sharp clean verti­ cal contact with the enclosing conglom­ erate on the south side, but has on the north side an undulatory contact that varies between subhorizontal and steep. The conglomerate unit includes, near the top, a layer of s i l t a few mm thick that contains trails with semicircular cross- section. The surface dips toward 240° at 22°...... 45 125 Sample 0004 3 m Conglomerate. Sample 0005 28 m Tuff. Sample 0006 40 m Tuff. Sample 0007 40 m Conglomerate

3 SNOW 11 136 4 Tuff, white to light-gray (w/mainly white, but with laminae, stringers and patches weathering reddish brown, purplish brown, orange, black, gray, green and yellow), laminated. A number of highly siliceous 205

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horizons. Laminae and thin beds of graph­ ite. One poor stem impression.. 4 140 Sample 0008 3.5 m Soft white siltstone. - sharp contact - Thickness of Prebble Form ation...... 140+ m

Kirkpatrick Basalt - sharp contact - Basalt, amygdaloidal in lower 1 m. Lower surface is strongly undulatory with about 1 m of local relief. Grades up into reddish-brown-weathering doleritic basalt in about 3 ...... 130

Section 01. Outcrop 2 km southwest of lilt. Pratt. Elevation about 2600 m (mao est.). Position 85° 24.7' S; 175° 30' E.

Prebble Formation SCREE, almost entirely of conglomerate like unit 1 ...... 25 1 Conglomerate, light-gray (w/light brown), very poorly sorted, massive, compact. Clasts mainly from 1 to 5 cm across. Very- light-gray (w/light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained sandstone blocks dominate the larger clasts. A few doleritic blocks.. 6 5 - sharp contact - 2 Conglomerate; like unit 1. Most common clasts are light-gray to white tabular siltstone or tuff fragments. Clasts larger than 5 cm are mostly doleritic (up to 1 m across) and much less commonly light-gray fine- to medium-grained sand­ stone (up to 40 cm); medium-gray shale and coaly shale are quite rate. Larger clasts are much more common in the lower 10 m than higher in the unit, and the largest seen were concentrated in the lower 2 to 3 35 41 Sample 0100 1 m Conglomerate. Sample 0101 12 m Part of doleritic block. 206

- sharp contact. Gently undulating surface with about 40 cm of relief - Conglomerate, medium-gray (w/mottled gray and brown), moderately sorted, mainly doleritic pebbles from 2 to 5 cm across, muddy matrix 1 42 - gradational contact - Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), very poorly sorted, massive (but there is indistinct lamination in the upper 1 m). Contains rare doleritic pebbles up to 5 cm across in the lower 2 m, which appears finer grained than the rest and includes scattered black dis­ coidal "shells" about 1 cm across... 15 57 Sample 0103 1 m Siltstone, Sample 0104 7 m Ss. SNOW 4 61

Conglomerate, ligh t- to medium-gray (w/ light brown), poorly sorted, pebbles up to 5 cm across. The larger pebbles are mostly medium- to dark-gray and finely vesicular. Smaller fragments are mostly light-gray siltstone or tuff. The unit is moderately laminated to thin-bedded with occasional dark-gray mudstone laminae 2 63 Sample 0105 1 m Conglomerate, Thickness of Prebble Formation...... 63+ m

SCREE. All doleritic except for a few blocks of fine poorly sorted conglomerate in the lower 20 m. 50 (est.) Basalt, doleritic...... 50 (est.)

GRAPHITE PEAK AREA Section GO. A west-facing ridge 4 km west of Graphite Peak, Elevation at base of unit 1 is 2520 m (alt.). Position 85° 3.3' S; 172° 19' E. SCREE. Almost entirely dolerite blocks. Probably overlies sill ...... 200 207

B C

Bucklev Formation

1 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/same or light greenish gray;, fine-grained, massive...... 1.2 1 - gradational contact - 2 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light greenish gray, but in places has a yellow­ ish cast), thin- to medium-bedded or shaly. Rare thin beds of coaly shale. Several fine-grained sandstone beds up to 50 cm thick « 9 10 Sample COOl 1.5 m Glossopteris and stems. - sharp contact - 3 Sandstone, light-gray or light-greenish- gray (w/same), fine-grained, massive, locally cross-bedded. Some micaceous laminae. Spheroidal concretions about 10 cm across in lower 10 m. Stems common at several levels. Shale fragments to 90 cm across from 11 to 13 m. At 26 m a shale fragment breccia contains silic ifie d stems and logs up to 15 cm across, including a tree stump 80 cm long. Roots about 1.5 cm thick extend out from the base of the stump, which is lying in the bedding plane. At 30 m shale fragments up to 30 cm long lie on an erosion surface 53 63 Sample G002 4 m Fine ss. Sample G002A 26 m Wood from stump and roots. Sample G003 28 m Fine ss. Sample G004 39 m Part of 40-cm-thick concretionary lens. Sample G005 52 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - DOLERITE SILL. 0 to 1 m thick. 4 Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/same), fine-grained, blocky; laminated in places. Badly sheared by dolerite intrusion along the contact and within the u n it ...... 6 69 Sample G006 2.1 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - 5 Claystone, white to light-gray (w/same). A few medium-gray beds about 10 cm th ic k ..... 3 72 208

A 8 C

DOLERITE SILL. 0.6 m thick. 6 Claystone, black (w/same). Some graphitic coal layers up to 10 cm thick ...... 1.5 73

DOLERITE SILL. 1.2 m thick. 7 Sandstone, white to very-light-gray (w/ same), fine- to medium-grained, massive, parallel and poor cross-bedding. Lower 30 cm is very coarse grained and contains scattered, rounded white quartz pebbles up to 5 cm across ...... 6 79 Sample 0007 - sharp contact - 8 Claystone, light- to medium-gray (w/white to light gray) ...... 1.5 80 - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, white to very-light-gray (w/ same), fine- to medium-grained, massive, parallel and poor cross-bedding. Above 3 m there are one or two medium-gray claystone beds up to 30 cm thick and the sandstone becomed dark gray ...... 5 85 Sample 0008 0.9 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 10 Coal, shaly, graphitic. Thin beds of black mudstone common...... 1.8 87 - gradational contact - 11 Claystone, light- to medium-gray (w/white), blocky. Glossop teris quite common...... 0,6 88 Sample 0009 0.6 m Glossop te ris .

12 Sandstone; like unit 9.... 12 100 - gradational contact - 13 Claystone, medium-gray (w/white or light gray), mainly blocky but several thin shaly layers. White flecks (probably bleached carbonaceous fragments) quite common ...... 6 100 - sharp contact - 14 Sandstone; like unit 9 ...... 12 118 - gradational contact - 209

B

15 Siltstonej medium-gray (m/white) ...... 0.6 118 - gradational contact - 15 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/same or green gray). Coaly in upper p art ...... 6 124 - gradational contact - 17 Claystone, light- to medium-gray (lu/very light gray or light greenish brown), very thin-bedded, with carbonaceous laminae containing Glossopteris 17 141 - erosion surface - 18 Sandstone; like unit 9 ...... 9 150 Sample GOlO 0.9 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 19 Shale, black (w/same), coaly in places. One or two light-gray claystone beds up to 30 cm thick. Glossop te r i s 7 157 - gradational contact - 20 Siltstone, light-gray (w/same or light brown), shaly to blocky. Contains scat­ tered black spherules (secondary) about 1 cm across with indistinct borders...... 9 166 - gradational contact - 21 Claystone; like unit 17, but less well bedded and more shaly ...... 18 184 Sample GOll 17 m Vertebraria roots. - gradational contact - 22 Shale, black, coaly 4 188 - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone; like unit 9 9 197 - gradational contact - 24 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium gray), papery. Several medium-gray claystone beds up to 20 cm thick. Glossop te r is ...... 7 204 - contact in scree - 25 Coal, hard, mainly dull. Dirty layers up to 10 cm th ic k .. 4 208 Sample G012 1.2 m Coal. - contact in scree - 210

8

25 Shale, dark-gray (w/same) 5 213 - contact in scree - 27 Sandstone, light-gray (lu/very light gray or medium brown), fins- to uery-fine-grained, thin- to thick-bedded. Most beds are well cemented with calcite having faces as much as 1 cm across. Some horizons contain scat­ tered black spherules as in unit 20...... 8 221 Sample G013 5 m Very-fine ss. - gradational contact - 28 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray). Tends to be massive in lower part of unit. Glossop teris. Dolerite dike at 11 m...... 16 237 - sharp contact - 29 Sandstone; like unit 27 but fine-grained... 13 250 - gradational contact - 30 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/light gray), fine sandy in lower 1 m, thin- to medium-bedded, a few shaly horizons. Pink mineral on some joint faces 8 258 Sample C014 0,6 m Sandy siltstone. - gradational contact - 31 Shale, dark-gray (w/same), clayey 8 265 - contact in scree - 32 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or very light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, blocky to massive, parallel and poor cross- bedding 16 281 Sample G015 2,4 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 33 Shale, black (w/dark gray). A few Cl ossoo te r is 0.6 282 Sample G015A base Glossop te r is . - gradational contact - 34 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray or light green gray), fine- to very-fine­ grained, thin- to medium-bedded. 4 286 Sample G015B 4 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - Thickness of Buckley Formation. 23 6+ m 211

B C

Fremouw Formation

- sharp contact - Sandstone, light-gray (m/same or medium brown), medium-grained, blocky, strongly cemented, cross-bedded. Burrows about 5 mm wide. Unit lenses out over 20 m ...... 1.2 1 Sample G015C 1.2 m Medium ss. - sharp contact with about 30 cm of local relief - Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same), thin- to thick-bedded. Several beds up to 50 cm thick of well-cemented fine sandstone like unit 1 ...... 16 16 Sample G0150 0.6 m Siltstone, Sample G015E 12 m Tuff?, - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray (w/same, white or light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive. Fragments of light-gray mudstone throughout..... 7 24 Sample G016 0,3 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/same), very-fine-grained...... 1.5 25 - sharp contact - Sandstone, white (w/white), fine- to medium-grained, massive ...... 2.1 27 - sharp contact - Siltstone, light-green-gray (w/same), medium-bedded. A few sandstone beds about 20 cm thick ...... 28 55 - sharp contact - Sandstone; like unit 3...... 5 50 Sample G017 0.9 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - Siltstone, very-light-gray (w/same),.. 2.1 52 - erosion surface - 212

A B C

9 Sandstone, white (w/same or light red brown), medium- to very-coarse-grained, medium-bedded to massive, quartzose. Quartz g rit and sub- angular to subrounded white quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across occur as lenses and stringers throughout the unit. In some lenses there are spheroidal dark-gray to black pebbles of claystone or tuff mostly 3 to 5 cm with some up to 20 cm across. Burrows 5 to 10 mm across both parallel and perpendicular to bedding at several lev e ls ...... 16 77 Sample GDIS 0.9 m Coarse ss. Sample G019 4 m Dark-gray pebbles Sample G02Q 15 m Bone, Sample G021 15 m Gastropod. - sharp ripple-marked contact - 10 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), fine­ grained, massive ...... 1.8 79 « gradational contact - 11 Siltstone, light-green-gray (w/green gray).. 0.3 79 - sharp contact - 12 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive. Vertical burrows about 5 mm across ...... 0.6 80 - gradational contact - 13 Siltstone; like unit 11. Becomes shaly in upper 1 m. A few fine.sandstone beds about 10 cm thick, ...... 7 87 - sharp contact - 14 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine-grained, platey to blocky. Green-gray shaly laminae quite common...... 1.2 88 - sharp contact, burrowed surface - 15 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (w/graen gray), shaly in places. Burrows 5 mm across perpendicular and parallel to bedding. Several resistant red-brown-weathering lenses 5 to 10 cm thick. A few claystone beds ...... 1.5 90 - sharp contact - 16 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or red brown), fine-grained, thin-bedded, resistant. Thin gray shale interbeds. Abundant burrows 5 to 213

A B

10 mm across mainly perpendicular but also parallel to the bedding p l a n e ...... 0.9 91 - gradational contact - 17 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (w/green gray), shaly in places. Some claystone beds 5 95 - sharp contact - 18 Sandstone; like unit 1 4 ...... 0.6 97 - sharp ripple-marked contact - 19 Siltstone; like unit 17, shaly. Uery- light-gray sandstone 0.3 m thick at 2.7 m. Persistent white siliceous beds 3 to 5 cm thick at 7 m...... 10 107 - gradational contact - 20 Sandstone; like unit 16 ...... 0.6 108 21 Siltstone; like unit 17. Becomes very fine towards top ...... 2.4 110 - sharp contact - 22 Sandstone; like unit 14 ...... 0.5 111 - sharp contact - 23 Siltstone; like unit 17. A few white flecks. 1.8 113 24 Sandstone; like unit 14...... 3 116 Sample G022 0.9 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 25 Siltstone; like unit 17. . Poorly defined beds of dark-chocolate-brown shale at 6 m...... 8 123 Sample G023 0.9 m Siltstone. - gradational contact - 26 Sandstone; like unit 14...... 0.6 124 - gradational contact - 27 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 0.3 125 - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone; like unit 14 ...... 1.5 126 - gradational contact - 29 Siltstone; like unit 17. White siliceous bed 3 to 8 cm thick at 5 m ...... 5 131 - sharp contact - 214

A B C

30 Sandstone; like unit 14 ...... 0.9 132 - gradational contact - 31 Siltstone; like unit 17, Several light- gray fine sandstone beds 10 to 30 cm thick in lower 4 7 139 - sharp contact - 32 Sandstone; like unit 14 ...... 0.9 140 - gradational contact - 33 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 1,8 141 - sharp contact - 34 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine-grained, blocky to massive. 4 145 Sample G024 base Fine ss. - gradational contact - 35 Siltstone; like unit 17. Several thin light-gray fine sandstone bedsat about 4m . 7 153 - contact in scree - 36 Sandstone; like unit 34...... 1.5 154 - gradational contact - 37 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 4 158 - sharp contact - 38 Sandstone; like unit 3 4 ...... 0.6 159 - gradational contact - 39 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 10 169 - sharp contact - 40 Sandstone; like unit 34 ...... 0.6 169 - gradational contact - 41 Siltstone; like unit 17 3 172 - sharp contact - 42 Sandstone; like unit 34...... 1.8 174 - gradational contact - 43 Siltstone; like unit 17...... 1.8 176 - gradational contact - 44 Sandstone; like unit 34 ...... 1.8 178 - gradational contact - 215

A B C

45 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 5 183 - gradational contact - 45 Sandstone; like unit 34. A feu; green- stained patches (malachite?)...... 0.9 184 - gradational contact - 47 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 12 196 - sharp contact - 48 Sandstone; like unit 24 ...... 1.5 198 - gradational contact - 49 Siltstone; like unit 17 ...... 9 206 - contact in scree - 50 Sandstone; like unit 34...... 2.7 209 Sample G025 1.2 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 51 Siltstone; like unit 17...... 3 212 - gradational contact - 52 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), very- fine-grained, blocky...... 2.1 214 - gradational contact - 53 Siltstone; like unit 17...... 4 218 - contact in scree - 54 Sandstone; like unit 3 4 ...... «...... 1.8 220 - gradational contact - 55 Siltstone; like unit 17 but more shaly and lighter colored. White flecks quite common. 19 239 - gradational contact - 56 Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/same), fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded. Green- gray shaly laminae and stringers up to 1 m thick 8 247 - gradational contact - 57 Siltstone; like unit 17. White flecks and irregular vertical tubes 3 to 5 mm across. Red zeolite? in fracture surfaces in upper part of unit. Several lenses of very-light- gray fine sandstone up to 1 m thick...... 26 273 Sample G027 20 m Siltstone. - erosion surface - 215

A B C

SB Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or medium brown), fine- to medium-grained, medium-bedded to massive. Green-gray laminae and siltstone stringers up to 50 cm thick ...... 2.1 275 Sample G02B 1.5 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 59 Siltstone, light- to medium-green-gray (w/same). White tubes and flecks common... 0.6 276 - erosion surface - 60 Sandstone; like unit 58...... 5 281 - gradational contact - 61 Siltstone; like unit 17, which flecks common. Becomes medium-gray (w/white) in upper 3 m. Plant stems at 6 m. Red zeolite? on fracture surfaces...... 8 289 Sample G029 6 m Stems and a leaf. - sharp contact with furrows about 3 cm wide and 1 cm deep# Scattered burrows 2 to 4 mm across - 62 Sandstone; like unit 58...... 1.5 290 - gradational contact - 63 Siltstone,light-green-gray (w/same). White flecks common. Upper 2 m shaly. Includes white claystone bed 30 cm thick and fine sandstone lens 1 m thick. Red zeolite? on some fracture surfaces...... 4 295 - contact in scree - 64 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/white or in a few places light green gray), fine- to very- coarse-grained, massive, parallel and poor cross-bedding. Lower 1 m is very quartzose and gritty. Quartzose grit and scattered pebbles, subangular to subrounded and mostly less than 1 cm across, were found as lenses at several levels...... 29 324 Sample G030 0,6 m Gritty quartzose ss.

Note: Moved 800 m east at this level. Unit is more massive here and is generally fine- to medium-grained. Gritty and pebbly horizons at 9 to 23 m. Pink spherulitic 217

A B C

structures about 1 cm across common in sandstone below 23 m* Sample G031 19 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 65 Siltstone, light-green-gray (w/same), shaly. 3 327

56 DOLERITE SCREE 2? 354 67 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light green gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive, parallel and poor cross-bedding.... 7 361 Sample G032 5 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 68 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (w/very light green gray), sommonly shaly. Root- holes common at several levels. The vertical tubes are associated with carbona­ ceous dendritic root patterns at 11 m. Stems are abundant at 11 and 16 m. Pink zeolite? common on surfaces in lower 4 m. Several very-light-gray fine sandstone lenses up to 1 m thick...... 16 378 Sample G033 2.4 m Siltstone. Sample G034 10 m Stems and roots. - sharp contact - 69 Sandstone; like unit 67 ...... 8 386 Sample G035 base Medium ss. - gradational contact - 70 Siltstone; like unit 68. Red zeolite? common throughout...... 13 399 Sample G036 7 m Siltstone. - sharp contact - 71 Sandstone; like unit 67 ...... 2.4 402 72 Siltstone; like unit 68. White tubes (root- holes) and red zeolite? common throughout. Upper part of unit brecciated 14 416 Sample G037 0.6 m Siltstone. 73 DOLERITE SCREE...... 6 422 DOLERITE SILL. At least 55 m thick and more or less concordant. Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 422+ m 213

8

Section Gl. Base of section at lowest part of outcrop on the north side of the Falkenhof Glacier. Elevation at base of section is 2420 m (alt,). Position 85° 0.7' S; 172° 18* E,

Fremouw Formation

1 Sandstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross- bedded, Occasional lenses of rather quart­ zose coarse sandstone with abundant small mudstone fragments mostly less than 1 cm across, although some horizons contain mud­ stone and fine sandstone fragments up to 10 cm long. Some coal streaks and frag­ ments several cm long. Discoidal concre­ tions 1 to 3 m long. Unit weathers into slopes. A few pieces of silicified wood.... 13 13 Sample GlOl 3 m Medium ss. Sample G102 12 m Wood. - gradational contact - 2 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray and light-green-gray (w/light green gray), shaly and clayey in places. Rootholes and and white flecks common. Several thin beds of dark s h a l e ...... 6 20 - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Green-gray laminae common. Spheroidal concretions from 1 to 5 cm across. Mud­ stone fragments scattered throughout. 5 25 Sample G103 0.9 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 4 Shale, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/light green gray, yellow green or light red brown), s ilty . Some massive beds. Rootholes and occasional striated stems 9 34 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone; like unit 3. Several green-gray shale stringers in upper part of u n i t ...... 10 44 - gradational contact - 6 Siltstone, light- to dark-gray (w/light green gray and locally lig ht red brown). The more 219

B

massive beds form ledges up to 1 m high. Rootholes, striated stems and white flecks common at several horizons. A few thin fine sandy lenses ...... 12 55 Sample G104 2 to 5 m Stems and roots. - sharp contact - 7 Sandstone, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/very light gray), fine-grained, massive, cross- bedded. Coaly fragments common. Green- gray laminae 4 .59 - sharp contact - 8 Siltstone; like unit 6. Rootholes well developed in the lower 1 m and from 3 to 4 m. Abundant striated stems at 4 m...... 4 63 Sample G105 4 m Stems. - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone; like unit 3, but lacks concre­ tions. Scattered coaly fragments 11 74 Sample G106 2.1 m Medium ss, - sharp contact - 10 Siltstone, light-gray (w/light green gray). White flecks common.... 2.4 76 - erosion surface - 11 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same, light green gray or light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Green-gray laminae and thin stringers. Coal streaks and fragments, and scattered mudstone fragments up to 10 cm a c ro s s ...... 11 87 - sharp contact - 12 Siltstone; like unit 6. Rootholes well developed in lower 1 13 100 - erosion surface - 13 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same, white or very light red brown), medium-grained, massive, c ro ss-b e d d e d ...... 8 107 Sample G107 1.8 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 14 Siltstone; like unit 6 5 112 - sharp contact - 220

A B C

15 Sandstone; like unit 1 3 ...... 5 117 - gradational contact - 16 Siltstone, light-green-gray or medium-gray (w/light green gray). Very dark and carbonaceous in upper 30 c m ...... 1.2 118 - erosion surface - 17 Sandstone; like unit 13 ...... 0.9 119 - gradational contact - 18 Siltstone, light-green-gray or light- to medium-gray (w/light green gray). A few roots and white flecks. Coaly shale from 1.8 to 2.1 ...... 2.7 121 - erosion surface - 19 Sandstone; like unit 13...... 6 128 - gradational contact - 20 Siltstone; like unit 6, but with several coaly shale beds 9 136 - slumped contact - 21 Sandstone, light-green-gray (w/same or red brown), fine- to medium-grained, flaggy to massive, parallel bedding. Plant stems up to 15 cm wide at several levels. Some dark- brown layers in the lower few m presumably stained by the burning of wood during dolerite intrusion...... 12 148 Sample G103 2.4 m Ss. SCREE . Thickness of Fremouw F o rm a tio n ...... 148+ m

Section G2. 1.5 km east of Gl, just on east side of a dolerite dike. Elevation at base of section about 2500 m (map e s t.). Position 35° 0.6' S; 172° 26' E. Fremouw Formation

1 Siltstone, light- to dark-gray (w/light green gray), shaly. Some striated stems, rootholes with white flecks. Coaly in places...... 15 15 - erosion surface - 221

2 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), fine­ grained, massive, cross-bedded. 4 19 - gradational contact - 3 Siltstone; like unit 1... 9 28 - erosion surface - 4 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same and red brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Green-gray laminae, and thin carbonaceous laminae and fragments are quite common throughout, Light-green-gray mud­ stone boulders and pebbles up to 30 cm long were found at several levels. Spheroidal concretions from 1 to 15 cm across common. Dark-gray (w/green gray) shale stringers up to 1.5 m thick appear towards the top of the unit. Between 37 and 45 m there are a number of lenses up to 50 cm thick and 10 m long of laminated and silic ifie d carbonaceous material. Several slightly flattened and silicified logs up to 40 cm across were found in the 8 m above the lens zone. Above the 1 m of black shale at 55 m the sandstone becomes fine- to very-fine­ grained, and there are further lenses of carbonaceous material but only about 20 cm thick and 1 to 2 m across...... 80 108 Sample G201 35 m Ss. Sample G202 53 m Part of log. Sample G204 62 m Fine ss. Note: This unit (4) is about the same level as and is probably equivalent to unit 21 of section Gl. - gradational contact - 5 Siltstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), sandy but becomes shaly toward top. The upper 1 m is very carbonaceous and weathers white...... 12 120 - sharp contact - 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), fine­ grained, massive. Coal streaks common at several levels. Scattered gray mudstone fragments ...... 5 125 - gradational contact - 222

B

7 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (uz/buff green or light yellow brown) ...... -3 128 - gradational contact - 3 Shale, black, coaly. A dirty coal in places ...... G 134 - gradational contact - 9 Shale, dark-gray (w/green gray), coaly in places. Upper 1 m is black but weathers white ...... 9 143 - erosion surface - 10 Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/same), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross- bedded. A few thin laminated and s i l ic i ­ fied coaly lenses. Scattered mudstone pebbles ...... 11 154 . Sample G205 1 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 11 Shale; like unit 9...... 6 160 - erosion surface - 12 Sandstone; like unit 10. Coarse-grained and rather quartzose in the lower 2 m. Rare silic ifie d wood and coaly lenses ...... 23 133 - gradational contact - 13 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/llght green gray). 2.4 185 - gradational contact - 14 Coal, dull, d irty ...... 3 188 - slumped contact - 15 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), medium- grained, massive, cross-bedded, rather quartzose. A few silicified wood frag­ ments. A lens 2 m thick of gray siltstone at 26 m ...... 35 223 - gradational contact - 16 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/light green gray), coaly in places 11 234 - contact in scree - 17 Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/same), fine-grained, thin- to thick-bedded. Carbon­ aceous laminae common in upper 1 m 2 236 - oradational contact - 223

A B C

18 Claystone, medium- to dark-gray (w/white). Contains striated stems,.,.. 5 241 Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 241+ m

DOLERITE SILL, 10 m thick but completely surrounds block of overlying unit,

Falla Formation 1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or red brown), medium-grained, massive, quartzose, A few quartz pebbles up to 3 cm long in the lower 10 cm...... ,,, ...... ,,, 30 30 Sample G208 2 m Medium ss. Thickness of Falla Formation ...... ,,.,,,, 30+ m DOLERITE SILL, At least 200 m thick.

MT. KINSEY AREA Section £0. West slope of fïlt, Kinsey, Section begins ju st above top of third s ill below summit. Elevation at base of unit 1 is 2020 m (alt,). Position 84° 56,2' S; 169° 4' E.

DOLERITE SILL. About 140 m thick, Buckley Formation

1 Claystone, dark-gray to black (w/light to medium gray), laminated in places. Baked by dolerite. Coaly from 16 to 19 m , , 22 22 - sharp contact - 2 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light to medium gray). Contains many striated stems at several levels, but especially at 2,4 m where Glossop teris was found also. Upper 1 m is coaly,...... 25 47 Sample EOOl 2,4 m Stems and Glossop te ris , - sharp contact - 3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light gray or white), fine-grained, massive, parallel 224

S

and cross-bedding. Thin medium-gray and light-gray siltstone stringers 2.1 49 Sample E002 0.3 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 4 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/same or light gray), shaly to flaggy at some levels..... 11 60 - slumped contact - 5 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/light to medium gray), flaggy. A few fine sandstone lenses up to 40 cm thick 12 72 5 SCREE 8 79 7 Sandstone, white (w/same), fine-grained, massive 4 83 - gradational contact - 3 Siltstone, medium- to dark gray (w/same), sandy, flaggy 2.1 85 - gradational contact - 9 Coal, dull, shaly 2.1 87 - gradational contact - 10 Siltstone. medium-gray to black (w/light to dark gray). Poorly exposed in scree in lower 15 m. A few thin fine sandstone beds. Commonly flaggy or shaly 25 113 Sample E003 Glossop te r is . - gradational contact - 11 Coal, shaly 0.9 114 - sharp contact - Thickness of Buckley Formation.. 114+ m

Fremouw Formation - sharp contact - 1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded...... 2.4 2 Sample E004 0.9 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 225

B

2 Siltstone, uery-light-green-gray (ui/light green gray), sandy, shaly in places. Scattered white flecks and white sub­ vertical tubes 3 mm wide at 3 ...... 8 11 - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone; like unit 1. White mudstone fragments up to 30 cm long scattered and in lenses. Green-gray laminae and stringers become common above 5 m ...... 11 22 - contact in scree - 4 Shale, green-gray ( w /s a m e ) ...... 1.8 24 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, white to light-gray and light- - green-gray (w/same and light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, thin- to medium- bedded, cross-bedded...... 5 - 30 - sharp contact - 5 Siltstone, green-gray (w/same), sandy,' flaggy to shaly. Scattered white flecks.... 5 35 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same), fine-grained, massive. Scattered white mudstone fragments up to 5 cm across...... 1.5 37 - gradational contact - 8 Siltstone, green-gray(w/same), sandy, mainly, flaggy. Some beds of very-fine-green-gray sandstone...... 9 47 - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same, red brown or light green gray), medium- to very- coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded, quartzose. White quartz pebbles mostly less than 1 cm across occur scattered or in lenses. Green-gray siltstone stringer 30 cm thick at 6 m...... 7 54 Sample E0G7 1.8 m Coarse ss. - sharp contact - 10 Claystone, green-gray (w/same), shaly. Poorly e x p o se d ...... 2.4 56 - slumped contact - 11 Sandstone; like unit 9. Some fine-grained sandstone beds towards top of u n i t ...... 18 74 226

A B C

- gradational contact - 12 Sandstone, light-green-gray to white (w/ same), fine- to medium-grained, medium- to thick-bedded...... 6 80 - contact in scree - 13 Shale, light- to medium-green-gray (w/same). Poorly exposed in scree. A few thin fine sandstone beds. Becomes medium- to dark- gray in upper 5 ...... 23 104 - gradational contact - 14 Siltstone, light-gray and light-green-gray (w/same and green gray). White flecks and rootlets common. Lenses of very-light-gray and light-green-gray sandstone from 11 to 12 m, 15 to 17 m, 22 to 23 m, 28 to 29 m, and 40 to 41 m. Several dark-chocolate- brown shaly patches above 6 m. Dolerite sill 5 m thick at 27 m ...... 44 148 - sharp contact - 15 Sandstone, very-light-gray or light-green- gray (w/same), fine-grained, medium-bedded to massive, parallel and cross-bedding. Light-green-gray laminae and stringers common. Scattered mudstone fragments up to 8 cm across 6 154 - gradational contact - 16 Siltstone, green-gray (w/same), shaly. White flecks and rootlets common ...... 28 181 - contact in scree - 17 Sandstone; like unit 1 5 ...... 2.4 184 Sample E009 1,8 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 18 Siltstone; like unit 16 ...... 9 193 19 SCREE...... 19 212

20 Sandstone; like unit 15 1.8 214 - sharo contact - 21 Siltstone; like unit 16. A few rootlets at 11 m ...... 16 230 - contact in scree - 227

22 Sandstone; like unit 15, with subordinate interbeds up to 2 m thick of green-gray siltstone with white flecks, Rootholes in sandstone at 22 m ...... 24 254 Sample EOlO 1.2 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 23 Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same or very light gray/, sandy, shaly in places. Scattered white flecks. Striated stems in lower 1 m...... 11 265 - erosion surface - 24 Sandstone, white to very-light-gray(w/same), fine-grained, massive, cross-bedded. A few green-gray laminae and thin stringers. Rootholes in upper 20 cm ...... 2.1267 Sample EOll base Fine ss. - gradational contact - 25 Siltstone and very-fine sandstone, very- light-gray(w/very light green gray). White flecks and rootholes common. A few s t r i ­ ated stems. White fine sandstone lenses up to 1 m thick at 3, 6, 15, and 20 m...... 20 288

DOLERITE SILL. 130 m thick.

26 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or red brown), very-fine- to fine-grained, massive. White flecks in upper p a r t , ...... 12 300 Sample E020 5 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 27 Siltstone, light-gray (w/same or red brown), massive. White flecks common ...... 4 304 - slumped contact - 28 Sandstone, light-gray to white (w/same or light red brown), fine-grained, massive. A few siltstone stringers. Poorly exposed.... 7 310 - slumped contact - 29 Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same). White rootlets common ...... 3 313 - sharp contact - 30 Sandstone, white (w/white and light red brown), medium-grained, massive, cross­ bedded. Green-gray laminae com m on...... 1.2 314 Sample E021 0.9 m Medium ss. 228

A B C

- sharp contact - 31 Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same). White flecks, rootlets and rootholes 5 mm across are common, Uery-light-gray fine sandstone in beds 10 to 20 cm thick common between 7 and 9m , A few stems about 9 m, Dolerite sill 1 m thick at 4 11 326 - sharp contact - 32 Sandstone; like unit 30, Several thin green-gray siltstone stringers, Rootholes at 5 ...... , , , , ...... 7 333 - gradational contact - 33 Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same). White flecks are common.,,,.,,,,...,...... 7 340 - sharp contact - 34 Sandstone; like unit 30, Medium-gray (w/ oreen oray) shale strinoer 30 cm thick at 2 m:...... : ...... 4 343 - gradational contact - 35 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray or light- green-gray (w/very light gray, light green gray or light red brown), medium- to thick- bedded. White flecks, rootlets and a few rootholes ...... 6 349 - sharp contact - 35 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded. Green-gray laminae and thin stringers. Scattered small mudstone fragments. Some coarse sandy and gritty lenses ...... 2.4 352 Sample E022 0,9 m Medium ss, - gradational contact - 37 Siltstone; like unit 35, Fine sandstone lens 30 cm thick at 4 ...... 6 358 - sharp contact - 38 Sandstone; like unit 36,...... 4 361

39 Siltstone; like unit 35 ...... 6 357 - sharp contact - 40 Sandstone; like unit 36 ...... 2,4 369 - gradational contact - 229

A B C

41 Siltstone; like unit 35, Sandy and micro­ crosslaminated in lower 1 m. Rippled sur­ face at 0,6 m with burrows 5 to 10 mm wide parallel to bedding, Rootholes common in the upper 60 c m , , , , , , ...... 4 373 - erosion surface - 42 Sandstone; like unit 36, Lenses of mud­ stone fragments up to 6 cm across, as well as coal streaks and stems, in the lower 1 m, ...... 1,8 375 Sample E023 0,9 m Medium ss, - gradational contact - 43 Sandstone, light-green-gray (w/same), very- fine-grained, microcrosslaminated,,,,, 0.6 376 - sharp contact - 44 Sandstone, white (w/same), coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded, quartzose, Light- green-gray mudstone fragments up to 10 cm long scattered and in lenses ...... 3 379 Sample E024 base Coarse ss. - gradational contact - 45 Sandstone; like unit 36, but thin- to medium-bedded,,,.,,, ...... 2,4 382 - gradational contact - 46 Siltstone, green-gray (w/same), sandy in lower part. Dark-gray carbonaceous bed at 1,5 m. White flecks, rootlets and root­ holes common...,, ,,, 3 385 - erosion surface - 47 Sandstone; like unit 36,,,, ...... 0,9 386 - gradational contact - 48 Siltstone; like unit 46, Striated stem,,.,, 1,8 383 - erosion surface - 49 Sandstone; like unit 36, Rootholes in upper 50 cm,, , , , , . . , , , , , , . , . . , , ...... 0,9 389 - gradational contact - 50 Siltstone; like unit 46. Striated stems,,,, 2,4 391 - erosion surface - 51 Sandstone; like unit 36,,,..,, ...... ,,...... 0,6 392 - sharp contact - 230

A B C

52 Siltstone; like unit 45, Dark-chocolate- brou/n in patches ...... 4 396 - erosion surface - 53 Sandstone; like unit 36 ...... 0.6 396 - grades through several thin interbeds - 54 Siltstone; like unit 46. Light-gray fine and medium sandstone lenses 30 cm thick at 2 m and 2 m thick at ? m ...... 15 411 - erosion surface - 55 Sandstone, very-lioht-gray to white (w/same or light red brownmedium-grained, mas- 'sive, parallel and cross-bedded. Becomes green gray in upper 1 m. A few green-gray laminae and thin strin g ers ...... 3 415 Sample E025 0,3 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 55 Siltstone; like unit 45. Carbonaceous and shaly in lower 1 m 3 418 - erosion surface - 57 Sandstone; like unit 55. Coarse-grained, quartzose and contains mudstone fragments up to 30 cm across in lower 2 ...... 9 427 - gradational contact -■ 58 Siltstone, green-gray (w/same), sandy, shaly in places ...... 1.8 429 - erosion surface - 59 Sandstone; like unit 55 ...... 2.7 432 - gradational contact - 60 Siltstone, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/green gray), sandy, shaly in places. Scattered white flecks and rootholes. Light-gray and green-gray fine sandstone lenses from 4 to 5 m and from 8 to 9 m. Abundant stems up to 4 cm wide at 5 m ...... 15 447 - erosion surface - 61 Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/ same or light red brown), medium-grained, massive, parallel and cross-bedded, quartz­ ose. Contains mudstone fragments up to 40 cm across in the lower 1 m or so. Several 231

B

other higher horizons contain mudstone- fragments also...... 9 456 Sample E025 0.3 m Medium ss. 62 Siltstone, light-green-gray (w/same). White flecks and rootlets mainly in upper 1 m 4 459 - erosion surface - 63 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine-grained, massive ...... 0.9 450 - gradational contact - 64 Siltstone, light-green-gray (w/same). White flecks, rootlets and rootholes...... 4 464 - erosion surface - 65 Sandstone; like unit 61. Mudstone fragments up to 20 cm across in lower p a r t ...... 3 467 - gradational contact - 66 Siltstone,light-green-gray (w/same)....,.... 1.5 468 - erosion surface - 67 Sandstone; like unit 61 ...... 7 475 - gradational contact - 68 Sandstone, very-light-gray and light-green- gray (w/same and light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, cross-bedded. Laminae and stringers up to 1 m thick of green-gray shale.. 10 486 - sharp contact - 59 Siltstone, light-green-gray (w/same). A few white flecks and rootholes. Rare stem s..... 5 491 - erosion surface - 70 Sandstone; like unit 68 12 502 Sample E027 6 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 71 Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same). Rootholes abundant. Very fine sandstone lens from 5.5 to 6 m. Striated stems at 5 m 12 513 - erosion surface - 72 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light green gray), fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded. Slump fold 1 m high verges to 300°. Green-gray laminae and thin stringers common...... 2.7 516 232

B

- gradational contact - 73 Siltstone, very-light-green-gray (w/same). White flecks and rootholes common 4 520 - erosion surface - 74 Sandstone; like unit 72...... 6 525 - gradational contact - 75 Siltstone, light-green-gray or light-brown- green (w/same or medium to dark brown). Striated stems abundant. 13 539 - erosion surface - 76 Sandstone; like unit 72...... «. .. 1.8 541 Sample E028 base Fine ss. - gradational contact - 77 Siltstone; like unit 75. Very-light-gray very-fine sandstone from 2.4 to 4 m 17 557 - erosion surface - 78 Sandstone; like unit 72...... 5 563 - gradational contact - 79 Siltstone; like unit 75...... 8 571 - erosion surface - 80 Sandstone; like unit 72...... 3 575 - gradational contact - 81 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), very-fine-grained, massive ...... 1.5 576 - gradational contact - 82 Siltstone; like unit 75 ...... 7 582 - slumped contact - 83 Sandstone; like unit 72 ...... 0.9 583 - gradational contact - 84 Siltstone; like unit 75 ...... 4 587 Thickness of Fremouw Formation...... 587+ m

DOLERITE SILL. 250+ m thick. Reaches almost to the summit of Mt. Kinsey which has a thin (about 6 m) cap of t i l l . 233

lïlT. WILD AREA Section BO* Base at ice level of Beardmore Glacier half may between Wild and Lizard Point. Elevation at base of section about 1850 m (map e st.). Position 84° 49.9' S; 163° 22' E.

Fairchild Formation

1 Sandstone, light-green-gray (m/same or light red brown), medium-grained, massive. Parallel bedding and some low-angle cross-bedding. Some laminae have abundant muscovite and carbonaceous material finely disseminated or as small fragments. In the lower 24 m there are horizons every 3 m of discoidal dark shale fragments mostly 1 to 3 cm across and about 2 mm thick. At 4 m there are a few scattered pebbles less than 1 cm across, A gray chert pebble 14 cm across and a well- rounded quartz pebble 10 cm across were also found. The matrix at this level contains abundant red garnet. Dark-green medium- grained sandstone from 7 to 9 m. Scree from 25 to 60 m containing pieces of Shackle- ton limestone (common) and Pagoda t il l it e (rare) scattered among the dolerite blocks. From 139 to 146 m microcrosslaminated stringers of dark shale and fine sandstone up to 2 m thick are common. Above 119 m weathering has produced lapies. Broad scour surfaces up to 36 m across and 2 m deep also were found. They commonly contain fragments of fissile dark-gray fine-grained sandstone near the base. The upper 3 m of the unit shows some iron-staining ...... 174 174 Sample 8001 0.6 m Ss. Sample 8002 24 m Ss. Sample B003 68 m Ss. Sample 8004 85 m Slightly calcareous ss. Sample 8005 107 m Ss. Sample 8006 125 m Ss. Sample 8007 150 m Ss. Sample BOOB 168 m Ss. Sample 8009 173 m Efflorescence. - gradational contact - 2 Shale, black, coaly 5 179 234

A B

- slumped contact - 3 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/white), fine- to medium-grained, massive. Iron- staining in upper foot ...... 6 185 - gradational contact - 4 Shale, black, coaly ...... 4 189 - sharp contact - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (m/white), medium- grained, massive ...... 4 193 Sample 3010 0.5 m Ss.

5 Shale, black, coaly...... 4 198

7 Sandstone, light-gray (m/light yellow brown), medium-grained ...... 1 Shale, medium-gray to black, coaly in places. 8

Sandstone, light-green-gray, medium- grained..,...... -,',.., ...... 2.4

NOTE: Moved 400 m south. Began measuring 14 m stratigraphically below the top of unit 6. Sandstone, lightrgray, medium-grained . Shale, dark-gray, coaly in upper 3 m ...... 11 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light- and dark-green-gray, fine­ grained, fissile ...... 3 198 - erosion surface .- Thickness of Fairchild F o rm a tio n ...... 198+ m

Buckley Formation

- erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray (w/yellow brown and green gray), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Lenses of quartzose g rit up to 30 cm thick containing pebbles up to 4 cm across at base. Red garnets abundant. Lenses of white quartzose sandstone in upper part of unit...... 2.4 Sample 8011 base Quartzose g rit. Sample 8012 0.5 m Ss. 235

A 8 C

- gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (uj/iuhite), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Laminae, stringers and clasts of green- gray fissile fine sandstone...... 12 14 Sample 3013 9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 3 Sandstone, light-green-gray (lu/light and dark green gray), fine-grained, fissile , microcrosslaminated ...... 9 23 - sharp contact - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Green-gray fissile fine sandstone stringers and horizons' of fine sandstone fragments.... 22 45 Sample 8014 11 m Ss.

5 Shale, medium-gray (w/light and dark green gray), sandy...... 2,4 47 - erosion surface - 6 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/white), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Laminae and stringers of green-gray fissile fine sandstone. Lower 60 cm has lenses of quartz g rit and weathers yellow-brown or green in patches. Medium-gray (w/light and dark green gray) sandy shale from 6 to B m. A lens of coaly shale from 13 to 15 m. The upper 60 cm of the unit is iron-stained locally ...... 23 75 Sample B015 12 m Medium ss. Sample 8016 23 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 7 Shale, black, coaly ...... 7 82 - sharp contact - 8 Sandstone, light-gray (w/green gray), medium- grained, massive. Iron-stained in lower 30 cm...... 4 86

9 Shale, black, coaly ...... 7 93 - slumped contact - 10 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light gray), fine­ grained, calcareous. Indistinct micro­ crosslamination...... 1.2 94 Sample 8017 0.6 m Calcareous ss. 236

- gradational contact - 11 Sandstone, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/light and dark green gray), fine-grained, fissile , microcrosslaminated. Includes several lenses about 6 m across and 1 m thick of green and pink calcareous fine sandstone at 5, 7, and 10 m. Bedding runs from the adjacent sandstone into the lenses, but lower contacts are sharp and undulatory. Plant stems up to 50 cm long at 10 m ...... 12 106 Sample 8013 7 m Calcareous fine ss. - gradational contact - 12 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/green gray or black), sandy. Coaly in a few patches... 8 113 - gradational contact - 13 Sandstone, gray (w/yellow brown or green gray), fine- to medium-grained, fis s ile or flaggy. One or two thin coaly le n se s,... 6 119

14 SCREE 12 132

DOLERITE SILL. Caps h ills just west of Wild Icefalls.

Section B(0). 2 km southwest of top of 30. This section covers the same stratigraphie interval as units 11 through 19 of section 80. Elevation at base of section about 2200 m (map e st.). Position 34° 49.7' S: 153° 04' E.

Buckley Formation 1 Sandstone, white, medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded

2 Shale, black, coaly ...... 3 78 3 Coal...... 1.2 80

4 Sandstone, medium-gray, medium-grained. Dark and shaly in upper 2 m. 10 cm of graphite at 3 ...... 5 84 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), medium- grained, massive, iron-stained, cross-bedded. 5 89 237

A B C

5 Shale, black, coaly...... 10 99 7 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/green gray), calcareous...... 1.2 100 8 Sandstone, gray (w/light and dark green gray), fine-grained, fissile. A lens 30 cm thick of pink and yellow calcareous fine sandstone at 9 ...... 14 114 9 Sandstone, medium-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated 1.5 116 10 Shale, black, coaly ...... 3 119 11 Sandstone, medium-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated 1.2 120

12 Shale, black, coaly 0.5 121 13 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light gray), fine­ grained, microcrosslaminated...... 4 125

14 Shale, black, coaly 2.4 127 15 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray), fine-grained, fissile, microcross­ laminated ...... 9 136 16 Shale, black, coaly. Graphite in patches... 4 140

17 Shale, gray to b l a c k ...... S 148

18 SCREE...... ■ 5 154 DOLERITE SILL. Same s ill as that which caps section 80.

Section 81. 2 km east-southeast of filt. Wild. A melange of between 45 and 75 m of medium-gray baked shale and fine sand­ stone between two dolerite s i l ls each about 120 m thick. The lower sill is that which overlies sections 80 and B(0). About 3 m of graphite was found 6 m below the upper s i l l . Thinner beds of graphite occur further down. Only a few beds can be traced for more than about 6 m because of the extensive disruption associated with dolerite intrusion. 238

B

Elevation about 2650 m (map est.). Position 34° 48.5' S; 162° 55' E. Sample 8100 15 m Sediment clasts in dolerite groundmass. Sample 8101 -24 m Graphite. Sample 3102 -6 m Fine ss.

Section 82. From base of southeast ridge of iïlt. Wild to the summit. Section begins at top of s ill that overlies 81. The cumula­ tive thickness of the Buckley Formation to this level is thought to be about 210 m. Elevation at base of section is 2660 m (alt.). Position 84° 43.0' S: 162° 45' E.

Buckley Formation

1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light gray or light pink gray), medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded...... 8 8 Sample 3201 1 m Ss. - sharp contact - 2 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (m/white), shaly in upper 2 m. Glossopteris ...... 4 13 - slumped contact - 3 Sandstone, light-pink-gray (w/same), medium-» grained, massive ...... 10 23 - sharp contact - 4 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/white). A few thin interbeds of medium sandstone 2.1 25 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), medium- grained, massive. Lens of white siltstone fragments up to 30 cm across in lower 1.5 m. Light- to medium-gray shale fragments up to 10 cm thick and 60 cm across common at 8 and 10 m. Above 20 ra fine sandstone beds appear and become c o m m o n ...... 28 53 Sample 8202 11 m Ss. Sample 3203 24 m Ss.

6 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray). Coal from 1 to 2 m ...... 3 56 239

- gradational contact - 7 Coal, with a few beds 8 to 15 cm thick of dark-gray shale. Dolerite 30 cm thick at 4 ...... 8 64 - gradational contact - 8 Shale, dark-gray (w/light to medium gray)... 9 74 - gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/very light gray), fine-grained, massive, with several medium sandstone and light-gray shale beds about 30 cm thick ...... 7 81 - sharp contact - 10 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained. Slumo- folded ...... 0.3 81 11 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (w/white or light pink gray), thick-bedded, vertical joints in places. Some beds laminated and quite f is s ile . A few stems 2 to 8 cm across. Glossop te ris at 12 m, A few short tra ils about 1 mm across ...... 18 100 Sample 8205 0.6 m Very fine ss. Sample 8205 12 m Siltstone.

Summit of iïlt. Wild. Thickness of Buckley Formation (sections SO, 81 and 82) ...... 310+ m

KENYON PEAKS AREA Section TO. 3ase of section 15 km northwest of Blizzard Peak, at snow level on south side of dolerite- capped bluff on the east margin of the Wal­ cott Neve. Elevation at base of section about 2400 m (map e s t.). Position 84° 33.5' S; 163° 10' E.

SNOW. Fremouw Formation 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), medium-grained, massive. Indistinct parallel 240

A B C

lamination, as well as a few broad scours and cross-bedding. An horizon of green mudstone fragments 1 to 8 cm across at the base of a scour at 2 m. Light- to medium- gray shale (w/light green gray) with a few stems 2 to 5 cm across from 10 to 15 m. Scattered spheroidal concretions from 15 to 30 cm across from 15 to 24 m. A lens of coaly shale from 28 to 30 m. Discoidal green mudstone fragments 2 cm across at 43 m. A log 64 cm in diameter at 58 m. The average thickness of 10 large rings was 0,78 cm. Cross-section is e llip tica l (axial ratio 1.8) and the trunk strikes at 230°...... 71 71 Sample TOOl 2 m Ss. Sample T002 18 m Ss. Sample T003 37 ra Ss. Sample T004 54 m Ss. Sample T005 70 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, fissile , m icrocrosslam inated...... 8 79 DOLERITE SILL. Section measured on south face of outcrop where sill is transgres- sive. On the southwest face an additional 45 m (estimated) of thick-bedded light-green- gray sandstone is capped by the s ill, which ■ is there concordant.

Thickness of Fremouw Formation...... 125+ m

Section Tl. Southwest face of Kenyon Peaks. Elevation at base of unit 3 about 2700 m (map e s t.). Position 84° 34.6' S; 163° 31' E. Falla Formation 1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light red brown), medium-grained, massive. Poorly exposed on rubbly bench at top of dolerite s i l l ...... 1.5 2 Sample TlOO 0.5 m Ss. 2 SNOW...... 42 44 241

B

3 Mudstone, green-gray ...... 0.9 45 Sample TIOOA 0.5 m Aludst. - erosion surface - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (w/uery lig ht red. brown or light gray), medium-grained, friable. Quartz g rit 0.6 m thick at base, and a few mudstone fragments in the lower 15 cm...... 7 52 Sample TlOl 0.5 m Grit. Sample T102 2.4 m Ss. - gradational contact - 5 Mudstone, green-gray ...... 4 55 - gradational contact - 5 Mudstone, light-green-gray (w/uery light gray)...... 5 51 - obscured contact - 7 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/orange and deep red brown), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Quartz pebbles to 2 cm across in lower ,2 ra...... 10 71 Sample T104 0.9 m Grit. - gradational contact - 8 Mudstone, green-gray ...... 10 81 - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/orange and deep red brown), medium-grained, massive. Green and shaly from 1.5 to 2.1 m 3 84 Sample T105 2.1 m Ss. - obscured contact - 10 Mudstone, very-light-gray (w/white), vol­ canic?. 15 cm sandstone lenses at 2 and 3 m. About 33 m there is vague bedding and green, fine-grained fragments 0.5 to 1 cm across. From 38 to 39 m the mudstone is laminated, green and quite sandy, and locally is fissile above 39 m 41 125 Sample T105 2 m Ss. Sample T107 16 m Mudst, Sample T108 35 m Mudst. Sample T109 38 m Mudst. - gradational contact - 242

A B C

11 Tuff, light-green-gray (w/mhite), slightly sandy. Fine red specks. Accretionary lapilli appear at 5 m 20 145 Sample TllO 2 m Tuff. Sample Till 4 m Tuff. Sample T112 16 m Tuff. 12 SCREE...... 12 153

Thickness of Falla Formation ...... 158 m

Prebble Formation

1 Agglomerate, light- to medium-brown. Vesi­ cular matrix as well as clasts. From-30 to -10 cm there are 1 cm, quartz-filled amygdales. From -10 cm to the upper con­ tact the amygdales become much finer. The upper contact is sharp and irregular, with about 30 cm of local re lie f. Several 1-to 3-cm-thick, quite persistent, non-vesicular beds from 3 to 4 m. Locally vesicles are lined with a green mineral. Largest clasts (cm): 19, 11.5, 11.2, 17.7, 13.5, 16.7, 26.5, 22.5, 16.5...... 5 5 - sharp contact - 2 Conglomerate, light-red-brown, poorly sorted, massive. Clasts up to about 4 cm, mainly gray, finely vesicular, and fine­ grained. One 0.5 cm quartz pebble ...... 0.9 5 Sample Til3 0.3 m Conglomerate.

3 SNOW...... 5 11 4 Conglomerate, as above. Indistinctly lamin­ ated in lower 1 m, but upper part is massive, with a higher proportion of matrix ...... 2.7 14 Sample T114 0.7 m Conglomerate. - sharp contact - Thickness of Prebble Form ation...... 14 m

Basalt with vesicular base. 243

A B C

lïlT. FALLA AREA

Section FO. From the foot of south-facing slopes of Fremouw Peak to the summit. Elevation at base of section is 2020 m (alt.). Position 84° 17.8' S; 154° 07' E.

Fremouw Formation

DOLERITE SILL. At least 10 m thick. 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/pink), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded. A few mudstone fragments to 18 cm across, and small rounded quartz pebbles. Spotty appearance (zeolite?)...... 1.8 2 Sample FOOl 1.2 m Coarse ss.

2 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, fis­ s i l e ...... 1.8 4 Sample F002 0.6 m Fine ss. 3 Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, massive. Layer of sub-rounded, distorted mudstone fragments at 2 m ...... 2.1 6 4 Sandstone, green^gray, fine-grained, fis­ s i l e ...... 1.5 7 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, massive. Solemarks at base. Cross-bedded. Mudstone fragments up to 8 cm across in lower 30 m. Small quartz pebbles and grit scattered throughout unit., 5 13 Sample F003 base Erosion surface and over- lying ss.

6 Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, fissile , poorly cemented, with a few fissile, fine sandstone stringers...... 4 17 Sample F004 3 m Medium ss.

7 Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, massive ...... 7 24 8 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, f i s s i l e ...... 17 41

Moved 150 m east. 244

- erosion surface -

9 Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, massive, cross-bedded. Lower 0.3 to 1 m contains abundant spheroidal and tabular mudstone fragments up to 30 cm across. A few small quartz pebbles. Unit becomes finer towards top, and includes several green, fissile, fine sandstone stringers up to 30 cm thick, one of which was boudinaged, presumably during the emplacement of the overlying cross-bedded sandstone...... 6 47 Sample F009 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 10 Shale, light-green-gray, interbedded with subdominant microcrosslaminated fine­ grained sandstone. Units up to 1 m thick... 10 57 Sample FOlO 0.5 m Shale. Sample FOll 5 m Fine ss. - erosion surface - 11 Sandstone, white, coarse-grained, inter­ bedded with light-green-gray fine sandstone which dominates in the upper 2 m. Rounded, tabular mudstone fragments up to 15 cm across, and quartz pebbles up to 5 cm across, occur in discontinuous lenses from 0 to 0,6 m and from 1.2 to 1.5 m.... 5 62 - gradational contact - 12 Shale, light-green-gray ...... 5 67 - contact obscured - 13 Sandstone, light-green-gray, medium-grained, poorly sorted, cross-bedded, with scattered quartz pebbles and grit. At 2 m it grades up into shale which is separated from the sandstone above by an undulating sharp con­ tact, Mudstone fragments to 5 cm across from 2.7 to 3.3 m. Upper 2 m is better sorted ...... 5 72 - gradational contact - 14 Shale, light-green-gray 3 76 - contact obscured - 15 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, poorly sorted, cross-bedded. Scattered small quartz pebbles ...... 2.1 78 245

DOLERITE SILL. 2 m. 15 Sandstone; like unit 15 ...... 1.2 79 - gradational contact - 16 Shale, light-green-gray. From 2.1 to 2.7 m there is a green-gray calcareous mudstone with raudcracks about 15 cm across on the upper surface ...... 9 88 Sample BF012 2.4 m Calcareous mudst. - gradational contact - 17 Shale, light-green-gray, with subordinate light-green-gray, fine-grained sandstone beds 0.3 to 1 m thick, and lens over 15 m or so. Some sandstones have white spidery threads. Mud fragment horizon at 10 m 11 99 Sample F013 1.8 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - 18 Sandstone, light-gray and green-gray, fine- to medium-grained. Distinct dark-green laminae and shale stringers. Microcross­ laminae and crossbeds. Thin mudstone fragment concentrations and scattered frag­ ments throughout ...... 15 114 Sample F014 0.6 m Light-gray ss. Sample F015 15 m Quartzose ss. - gradational contact - 19 Shale, green,sandy ...... 6 120

DOLERITE, discordant. Walked along bedding for about 1.6 km to the east, but exposure was poor, and correlation may be off by as much as 15 ra. 20 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained, blocky. Subordinate 30 to 50 cm beds of light-green-gray mudstone. Lenses of light® gray, medium sandstone with sharp lower con­ tact, mudstone fragments up to 10 cm across, and a gradational upper contact occurs at 11 to 12 m, 15 to 16 m, 19 to 20 m, 21 to 22 m, 35 to 37 m, 42 to 45 m, 57 to 59 m (contains brown discoidal concretions up to 60 cm across), 62 to 63 m. A dark-gray coloration in mudstone in the upper 12 m 246

B C

as patches several feet across and as coarse laminae ...... 80 201 Sample F017 0.5 m White ss. Sample FOIS 1.2 m Green-gray fine ss. Sample F019 1.8 m Green-gray mudst. Sample F020 35 m Ss with lower contact of uni t* Sample F021 58 m Concretion. - sharp contact - 21 Sandstone, finely mottled pink and green, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Abundant mudstone fragments ...... 2.1 203 - gradational contact - 22 Mudstone, green-gray, with a few coal streaks...... 6 209 - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone, light-pink, medium- to coarse­ grained. A few small mudstone fragments near base, and coal fragments up to 20 cm across. Laminae and stringers up to 30 cm . thick of green fine sandstone 3 212 24 Mudstone, green-gray, with occasional sandy layers 30 to 50 cm thick. A few dark-gray patches and horizons of white flecks ...... 3 215

25 Sandstone; like unit 23 1.8 217

25 Mudstone, green-gray ...... 0.6 218 27 Sandstone; like unit 23 ...... 1.5 220

28 Mudstone, green-gray.. 13 232

29 Sandstone; like unit 23 ...... 3 235 30 Mudstone, green-gray 11 246 - erosion surface - 31 Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, cross-bedded. Common laminae and stringers of green fine sandstone. Ovoid and discoid mudstone fragments up to 10 cm across are scattered throughout, but are common in the lower 30 cm and from 1.8 to 2.1 m, where there are also a few quartz oebbles uo to 2 cm across. Coal streaks 247

A B C

and fragments are also common. Subrounded to well-rounded pebbles up to 12 cm across occur at several levels from 4 to 9 m, Lithologies include acid volcanic, argil­ lite, conglomerate, vein quartz..... 11 257 Sample F024 0.4 m Ss. Sample F025 4 to 9 m Pebbles. Sample F025 10 m Ss. - gradational contact - 32 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine- to medium-grained, with about 63 cm layers of shale pebble conglomerate. Coaly laminae and fragments. Pebbles ovoid and tabular ...... 1.8 258 Sample F027 1.5 m Shale pebble conglomerate. - gradational contact - 33 Mudstone, light-green-gray. 50 cm sand­ stone lens at 410 m. Upper 1.2 c of unit: overlying sandy shale light-gray clay 1 cm smooth light-oreen-oray clay 5 cm surfaces light-gray clay 1 cm pitted light-green-gray clay 10 cm with roots, light-green-gray mudstone 20 cm light-green-gray fine sandstone 12 cm...... 15 273

34 Shale, light-green-gray, sandy. Upper 60 cm has rootholes ...... 1.2 274 - sharp contact - 35 Sandstone, light-pink, medium- to coarse­ g rain e d ...... 1.3 27 6 - gradational contact - 36 Mudstone, light-green-gray. White flecks. A few layers with abundant plant fragments.. 4 280 - sharp contact - 37 Sandstone; like unit 35...... 2.4 283 - gradational contact - 37 Mudstone, light-green-gray. Rootholes from 2.7 to 3.3 m 11 294 - erosion surface - 39 Sandstone,white to light-gray, very-coarse­ grained, quartzose, cross-bedded. The basal 0.3 to 1.5 m is a lens of much less 248

A B C

quartzose, medium sandstone. The upper surface of this contains "" forms about 30 cm across and 10 cm high, that look as if they were once part of a stream bed protected from the current by a boulder on top. Garnet abundant for a meter or more above this surface. A few microcrosslaminated stringers of green, fine sandstone near the top of the u n it 19 313 Sample F029 0.9 m Medium ss. Sample F030 1.2 m Base of quartzose ss. Sample F031 5 m Quartzose ss. Sample F032 17 m Quartzose ss. - gradational contact - 40 Mudstone, green-gray. A few rootholes in upper 0.6 m ...... 3 316 - erosion surface - 41 Sandstone, white to light-gray, very-coarse­ grained, cross-bedded. Quartz pebbles and abundant garnet in lower 1 m. Lower surface is dotted with well-defined pits about 0.3 cm across ...... 8 324 Sample F033 base Erosion surface. - gradational contact - 42 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained. A few green-gray mudstone layers. Some microcrosslamination ...... 23 347 - erosion surface - 43 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Some green laminae. Dis­ coidal mudstone fragments up to 5 cm across in lower 30 cm. A few coal streaks. Sand wave preserved 2.4 350 - gradational contact - 44 Sandstone, green-gray, very-fine-grained, li/hite flecks and bits of roots. A few carbonaceous layers 4 353 - erosion surface - 45 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained. A few small mudstone fragments ...... 4 356 Sample F034 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 249

' a b C 45 Mudstone, green-gray ...... 3 359 - erosion surface - 47 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. A few coal streaks and rare mudstone frag­ ments in lower 60 cm, A few brown dis­ coidal concretions ...... 5 364 Sample F036 1,5 m Brown concretion, - gradational contact - 48 Mudstone, light-green-gray, with subequal light-green-gray, fine-grained sandstone, in 50 cm beds, 4 to 5 m Hard, pitted mudstone, 11 to 12 m Lens of white medium sandstone,, 15 379 - erosion surface - 49 Sandstone, white to light-gray, medium- grained, massive, cross-bedded, A few carbonaceous and green-gray laminae. Fine sandstone stringers. Brown discoidal con­ cretions from 3 to 60 cm across, Discoidal mudstone fragments up to 30 cm across and up to 10 cm thick common at 8 and 10 m .,,,,, 23 402 Sample F037 7 m Ss, Sample F038 21 m Ss, - gradational contact - 50 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained ...... 2,7 405 - erosion surface - 51 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Abundant small mudstone frag­ ments in lower 1 m. Green-gray laminae. Brown concretions,,,...... ,,, 1,3 407 - snow contact - 52 Shale, dark-gray, with striated stem fragments, ...... ,,,,,, 4 411 - erosion surface - 53 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded, Common green-gray laminae. Bands of small mudstone fragments about 1 cm across between 10 and 12 m ...... , , , , , 12 423 Sample F039 11 m Ss, - gradational contact -, Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained ...... 1,8 - gradational contact - 250

A B C

mudstone, green-gray, with white flec k s,* .., 1.8

DOLERITE SHEET, discordant. Section continued on other side of intrusion. Equivalent beds are indicated by unit number.

49 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross­ bedded. Brown concretions up to 60 cm across. Mudstone fragments up to .30 cm across and 8 cm thick are common from 7 to 8 m ...... 17 Sample F04Ü 12 m Ss. - gradational contact - Mudstone, green-gray, interbedded with green- gray fine s a n d s to n e ...... 5 - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained ...... 1.5 - gradational contact - Mudstone, green-gray ...... 2.1 - erosion surface - 53 Sandstone, white (pinkish above 5 m), medium- grained, cross-bedded. Green-gray laminae and stringers. Brown concretions about 8 cm across. Mudstone fragments in lower 30 cm, at 5 m (up to 50 cm across), and from 10 to 11 m (about 1 cm across) ...... 11

DOLERITE SILL 1 m thick at 0.5 m. - gradational contact - 54 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained, laminated. A few thin mudstone beds. Upper 50 cm is mudstone with ro o th o le s...... 4 427 - erosion surface - 55 Sandstone, light-pink-gray (w/red brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded ...... 2.4 429 Sample F041 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 55 Mudstone, green-gray, interbedded with green-gray fine sandstone. A few concre­ tionary lenses of limestone up to 15 cm thick. Laminae appear to cross them. Beds of pinkish white medium sandstone up to 1,2 m thick are scattered throughout, but domin­ ate from 5 to 15 m. Abundant rootholes occur 251

A B C

in green-gray mudstone from 32 to 33 m and at 41 m. Neocalami tes( ?) ...... 42 471 Sample F042 5 m Fine ss. Sample F043 15 m Mudst. Sample F044 15 m Ss. Sample F044A 40 m Mudstone with Neocalamites( ?) - erosion surface - 57 Sandstone, white to pink, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Mudstone fragments up to 3 cm across in lower 30 cm. Coal streaks at 1.2 ...... 5 476 Sample F045 2.1 m Ss. - gradational contact - SB Sandstone, white to pink, medium-grained, with beds of green-gray fine sandstone and mudstone common. Rootholes in mudstone from a to 9 m. Stems common at several le v e ls... 20 496 59 Sandstone, light-pink-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded...... 2.1 498 Sample F046 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 60 Mudstone, green-gray...... 2.4 501 - erosion surface - 51 Sandstone, white, medium-grained. Abundant mudstone fragments 1 cm across in lower 30 cm...... 1.8 503

DOLERITE DIKE. Traversed east for 60 m.

62 SCREE...... 7 510 63 Mudstone, green-gray, sandy. Rootholes 0.6 511 - erosion surface - 64 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. A few mudstone fragments and coal streaks in lower 30 cm ...... 8 518 Sample F047 base Ss. - gradational contact - 65 Mudstone, g re e n -g ra y ...... 1.8 520 - erosion surface - 252

66 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, mas­ sive. Mudstone and fine sandstone fragments up to 30 cm across but mainly only 2 or 3 cm across, are common in the lower 1.2 m, at 5 m, 7 to 8 m, 9 to 10 m, 11 m and 14 m. Most fragments are discoidal but some are tabular and spheroidal. Flattened stem impressions from 10 to 60 cm across are commonly associated with the fragment con­ centrations. Above 5 m most stems have been silic ifie d . From about 12 to IS m knobbly spheroidal concretions 2 to 5 cm across are common ...... 41 561 Sample F04B 3 m Pink and green ss. Sample F049 10 m Ss. Sample F050 14 m Concretion. Sample F051 15 m S ilicified wood. Sample F052 29 m Ss. Sample F053 41 m Ss. - sharp contact - 67 Sandstone, medium-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Abundant carbonaceous laminae and coaly lenses up to about 30 cm thick. Mudstone fragments up to 15 cm across, but mostly about 2 cm, are common. The fragments occur mainly as thin concre­ tions usually above but occasionally below the coaly lenses. At least one limestone lens 20 cm thick and 60 cm across...... 17 578 Sample F054 14 m Gray ss. Sample F055 15 m Limestone lens. - erosion surface - 58 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium-grained. Mudstone fragments up to 30 cm across abundant from 0 to 0.6 m and from 1.3 to 2.1 m. Siliceous veins and wisps in lower and upper 1 m;. Log exposed in cross-section at 1.2 m ...... 9 587 Sample F056 0.6 m Ss. Sample F057 1.2 m From log (radius 65 cm) . 28 cm from center. Sample. F058 5 m Section of log about 20 cm across. Sample F059 6 m Ss. 69 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained,, laminated, with disrupted, silicified? woody laminae in lower 30 cm 0.9 588 253

B C

- gradational contact - 70 Mudstone, light-brown-gray. One or two fine sandstone beds...... 10 598 - erosion surface - 71 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. Spheroidal and discoidal mudstone frag­ ments about 1 cm across occur in scattered lenses. A feu impressions about 30 cm across of flattened logs...... 4 603

DOLERITE SILL. 12 m thick.

72 Coal. Partly coked ...... 2.4 605 - gradational contact - 73 Mudstone, medium-gray (w/white), sandy, with several beds about 30 cm thick of carbona­ ceous fine san d sto n e..., ...... 9 614 Sample F061 7 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - Thickness of,Fremouw Formation ...... 614+ m

Falla Formation 1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light red brown), medium-grained, massive. Some 0.6 to 2 m beds of fine sandstone. Several surfaces (erosion? surfaces) within the unit, and one has plant stem impressions. From 6 to 12 m there are several lenses less than 1 m thick of medium-gray mudstone; the sand­ stone in this interval are rather knobbly... 27 27 Sample F062 1.8 m Fine ss. Sample F063 2.1 m Medium ss. Sample F054 14 m Knobbly ss, - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, medium-gray, fine-grained, microcrosslaminated...... 2.4 30 - gradational contact - 3 Mudstone, medium-gray, with 15 to 30 cm beds of microcrosslaminated gray fine sandstone...... 30 59 5 to 6 m Coaly shale 5 to 7 m Light-gray (w/red brown), medium ss. 23 to 24 m Light-gray (w/red brown), medium ss. 254

A B C

- erosion surface - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (ur/red brown), medium- grained, knobbly, vaguely cross-bedded...... 1.8 51 Sample F066 0,6 m Medium ss.

5 Shale, black, coaly ...... 0.6 62

6 Mudstone, medium-gray ...... 4 65 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained, knobbly, vaguely cross-bedded ...... 9 74

DOLERITE SILL. 24 m thick. 8 Mudstone, light-gray. A few fine and medium sandstone beds up to 60 cm thick ...... 10 84 Sample F065 9 m Mudstone with Dicrcidium. - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained. Mudstone fragments about 1 cm across at 1 m...... 1.8 86 Sample F067 1 m Ss.

Thickness of Falla Formation ...... 85+ m

DOLERITE to top of Mt. Fremouw (about 120 m to northeast).

V Section BFl. U/est end of bluff on north margin of Prebble Glacier, 11 km north of Mt. Falla. Elevation at base of section is 2210 m (a lt.) Position 840 ig.2' S; 164.0 5 2 ' E.

Fremouw Formation

SNOW. 1 Sandstone, light-pink. One or two green layers up to 5 cm thick...... 0.6 1 Sample FIOQ 0,3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Shale, green-gray...... 1.5 2 - sharp contact - 255

3 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded. Thins to 0 over 20 m. Several green layers up to 5 cm th ick ,...... 1.8 4 Shale, green-gray. Mudstone in upper 0.6 m. 2.1 6 - gradational contact - 5 Shale, green. Several lenses of green mud­ stone and finely mottled, pink and green sandstone...... 4 10 Sample F102 2.1 m Pitted mudst. Sample F103 2.1 m Greenish ss. Sample F104 2.4 m Pinkish ss.

6 SNOW SLOPE...... 5 15 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone, light-gray (w/pink), medium- grained, massive, cross-bedded. Lower 1.2 m contains discoidal mudstone frag­ ments up to 12 cm long and 1 cm thick. Another horizon of mudstone fragments at 4 m, Rootholes in upper 30 cm ...... 9 24 Sample F105 0.6 m Medium ss. Sample F105A 9 m Green-gray ss with rootholes. 8 Shale, green. Rootholes at top...... 15 39 - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone,white, coarse-grained, quartzose, massive, cross-bedded. Â few thin stringers of green fine sandstone. Lower surface has mudcracks and solemarks (elongate ridges about 1 cm high and 1 cm wide); relief up to 10 cm. Mudstone fragments at several hori­ zons and scattered quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across. Coaly material 60 cm long and 1 cm thick at 7 m ...... 9 48 Sample F106 base Quartz ss and erosion surface. Sample F107 9m Ss with pyrite? balls. - gradational contact - 10 Sandstone, green, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated...... 0.9 49 - gradational contact - 11 Shale, green ...... 6 56 - erosion surface - 256

B

12 Sandstone, white, coarse-grained, quartzose. Lower 1 m includes discontinuous lenses of conglomerate, with quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across, mudstone fragments up to 30 cm long, garnet sand concentrates and coal streaks up to 8 cm long. Stringers of green fissile fine sandstone 30 cm thick...... 3‘ 59 Sample F108 1.2 m Part of congl. lens. Sample F109 1.2 m Green fine ss. - gradational contact - 13 Sandstone, light-green-gray, medium-grained, massive. Occasional small quartz pebbles... 3 52 Sample FllO 2.7 m Ss. - gradational contact - 14 Mudstone, light-green-gray, pitted, shaly in p laces...... 4 65 Sample F ill 0.3 m Pitted mudst. - gradational contact - 15 Sandstone, light-gray, fin e-g rain ed ... 0.9 57 - gradational contact - 16 Mudstone, light-green-gray, shaly. Sandy from 1.8 to 2.1 m ...... 4 70 - erosion surface - 17 Sandstone, green-pink, fine- to medium- grained, with thin shaly stringers. Abundant shale and coaly fragments in lower 60 cm...... 1.8 72 - gradational contact - 18 Shale, green; ...... 2.4 74 Sample F112 0.9 m Shale. 19 Sandstone, green, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated...... 1.5 76 - gradational contact - 20 Shale, green...... 1.2 77 - erosion surface - 21 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, quartzose, cross-bedded. Common shale fragments and coal streaks. Becomes greenish and less well-sorted in upper 2 m ...... 5 82 257

B

Sample F113 0.5 m Quartzose ss. Sample F114 1.5 m Quartzose ss. Sample F115 2.7 m Ss. Sample F116 à m Green-gray ss. Sample F117 5 m Green-gray ss. - gradational contact 22 Shale, green-gray, dark-gray in patches. Commonly weathers into spheroids about 5 cm across, and then f r i t t e r s ...... 15 97 Sample F118 3 m Shale. Sample F119 5 m Shale. Sample F120 9 m Shale. Sample F121 12 m Shale. Sample F122 15 m Lens of green-gray fine ss. - gradational contact - 23 Mudstone, p itte d ...... 0.6 98 - sharp contact - 24 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained... 0.9 ' 99 25 Mudstone, p i tt e d ...... 0.3 99 25 Shale, dark-gray...... 0.3 100 Sample F123 27 Mudstone, p itte d ...... 0,3 100 Sample F124 28 SNOW...... 1.5 102

29 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained... 0,3 102 - erosion surface - 30 Sandstone, white to buff (greenish in lower 30 cm), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Mud­ cracks on lower surface. Abundant coal frag­ ments 5 X 30 cm and shale fragments in lower part. Becomes greenish in upper 2 m...... 7 109 Sample F125 0.9 m Medium ss. - erosion surface - 31 Sandstone, light-pink, medium-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded. Lower surface has 15 cm of relief, numerous inverted pimples several mm deep, and a few bulges 5 to 8 cm across. Coal streaks, and mudstone frag­ ments up to 15 X 50 cm. Ovoid brown con­ cretions 15 X 60 cm...... 16 125 Sample F125 0.9 m Ss. 258

A B C

- gradstional contact - 32 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained...... 1.8 127 - sharp contact - 33 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded ...... 5 132 - gradational contact - 34 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained...... 1.2 133 Sample F127 1,2 m Rootholes. - sharp contact - 35 Sandstone, white to light-gray, medium- grained, cross-bedded...... 5 139 Sample F128 1.8 m Ss. - gradational contact - 35 Shale, green-gray, with coaly la y e r s ... 1.8 141 - erosion surface - 37 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Coal streaks and mudstone fragments up to 15 cm long near base ...... 1.2 142 - gradational contact - 38 Mudstone, light-green-gray...... 3 145 39 Mudstone, pitted. Pits mainly in lower 30 cm...... 0.9 146 - erosion surface - 40 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Mudstone fragments in lower 30 cm. Rootholes extend down 60 cm from upper surface; Threads of white wander like a mangled spider's web through the upper part of the roothole zone. Only one or two tubes still contain carbonaceous m aterial ...... 9 155 Sample F129 5 m Ss. 41 Shale, green-gray ...... 2.1 157 - erosion surface - 259

A B C

42 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. A fem coaly streaks, and mudstone fragments up to 10 cm across in lower 30 cm...... 1.8 159 - gradational contact - 43 Shaly, green-.gray ...... 2.7 162 - erosion surface - 44 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. A few mudstone fragments..... 1.2 163 - gradational contact - 45 Mudstone, green-gray ...... 0.6 164 - sharp contact - 46 Sandstone, light-green-gray, medium-grained, massive, Coalified stem 1 x 3 x 35 cm at b a s e . . . . 0.9 165

47 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. A few mudstone fragments 0.9 165

48 Sandstone, light-green-gray, medium-grained, massive. Stems up to 3 cm across 0.9 157 49 Shale, green-gray, with stems ...... 1.5 168 Sample F130 0.9 m Shale, - sharp contact - 50 Sandstone, white and light-green-gray, fine- tc medium-grained, laminated to medium- bedded...... 0.9 169 - gradational contact - 51 Mudstone, light-green-gray, shaly in places. 7 176

52 Sandstone, light-gray (w/green gray), fine- to medium-grained. Light and dark beds up to 50 cm thick. Some shaly horizons with plant stems and coaly layers. Subrounded mudstone fragments at 7 m ...... 44 220 Sample F131 4 m. Green-gray fine ss. Sample F132 39 m. Green-gray fine ss, - contact obscure - 53 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded ...... 4 224 Sample F133 1.8 m Ss, 260

B

- sharp smooth contact - 54 Mudstone, light-green-gray, commonly with white spidery markings ...... 6 230 Sample F134 0,3 m Green-gray shale. 55 Shale, dark-gray (w/dark green). Some thin coaly layers and striated stems 8 238 Sample F135 8 m Shale with stems. 56 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded, ...... «...... 2,1 240 Sample F136 1,2 m ijihite ss. - gradational contact - 57 Mudstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray), fine sandy. Striated stem fragments with white flecks common, A few rootholes,. 3 244 - erosion surface - 58 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), medium-grained. Mudstone fragments mostly 1 cm with some up to 15 cm across occur in. lower 8 cm ...... 1*2 245 - gradational contact - 59 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/green gray), fine­ grained, massive. Striated stems ...... 4 249 - gradational contact - 60 Shale, black, coaly,,,,,...... 0,9 250 -gradational contact - 61 Shale, medium-gray (w/green gray)...... 4 253 - sharp contact - 62 Sandstone, light-gray (w/uery light gray), medium-grained, massive. Abundant green 9 laminae in lower 6 m. Coal streaks and logs up to 20 cm across at 1 m. Some micro­ crosslamination in upper 2 m ...... ,,,,,,,, 32 285 Sample F137 0,4 m Ss. Sample F138 18 m Ss. Sample F139 39 m Ss. DOLERITE SILL, 100 m thick. Thickness of Fremouw Form ation,,,...... 285+ m 261

A B C

Section F2. Rocky, north-facing slope leading onto the west ridge of !ï!t. Falla. Elevation at base of section is 2610 m (alt.)* Position 84° 21.0' S; 164° 42' E.

Falla Formation

SNOW. Sandstone, light-gray (ui/red brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded, massive.... 8 8 Sample F201 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated...... 0.9 9 Sample F2D2 0.3 m Fins ss. - gradational contact - Shale, medium- to dark-gray, sandy. Lenses of fine sandstone from +4 to +5 m and from +5 to +6 m. Abundant small carbonaceous fragments. One or two coaly horizons...... 16 25 Sample F203 6 m Green-gray fine ss. Sample F204 7 m Dark-brown fine ss. Sample F205 9 m Shale. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained, microcrosslaminated and cross-bedded...... 4 29 - gradational contact - Shale, green-gray, coaly in middle 0.9 m .... 1.8 31 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained... 0.9 32 - gradational contact - Shale, medium- to dark-gray. Coaly at least from 0.6 to 1.2 m, 2.4 to 3 m, and from 18 to 20 ...... 22 54 Sample F205 21 m Shale. - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), coarse­ grained. Conglomerate of quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across in lower 1.5 4 58 Sample F207 0.3 m Conglomerate. Sample F208 3 m Coarse ss. 262

A B C

- gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, fissile . Some thin coaly layers, and shaly coarse sandy lenses ...... 20 78 Sample F209 0.6 m Ss. Sample F210 0.9 m Ss. - erosion surface - 10 Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/red brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. A few shale fragments in lower 30 cm ...... 4 83 Sample F211 2.4 m Light-gray ss.

11 Shale, dark-gray, in 1.2 to 2.4 m beds, inter­ bedded with 0.5 to 0.9 m beds of light-gray shaly fine to medium sandstone. Several coaly horizons near the top, as well as coaly laminae in the sandstone 27 110

12 SNOW...... 5 115 - erosion surface - 13 Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/red brown), medium- to coarse-grained. Shale fragments throughout lower 4 m, but are concentrated from 0.5 to 1.2 m and at 4 m. Mainly rounded thin discs up to' 35 cm across. Abundant coal streaks. Rare quartz pebbles ...... 20 135 Sample F212 1.2 m Ss and shale fragments. Sample F213 9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 14 Shale, dark, in 1 to 2 m beds, interbedded with thin light-gray fine sandstone. Some 1-m-thick coaly layers especially near top.. 16 151 Sample F213A 5 m Medium- to dark-gray shale with Dicroidium. - sharp contact - 15 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Discoidal shale fragments up to 15 cm across at 10 and 13 m...... 13 165 Sample F214 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 16 Shale, black, coaly 7 172 - slumped contact - 263

A B

17 Sandstone, light-gray to white (w/red brown) medium-grained, cross-bedded. Finer in upper 2 m ...... 6 178 - gradational contact - 18 Shale, dark-gray to black. A few coaly layers...... 8 185

19 SNOW...... 1.5 187 - slumped contact - 20 Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/red brown) medium-grained, cross-bedded. Concentra­ tions of discoidal shale fragments up to 10 cm across occur at 0,5 and 1.5 m, associated with coal streaks ...... 4 191 Sample F215 3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 21 Shale, dark-gray...... 8 199

22 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown, fine- to medium grained...... 0.5 200 23 Shale, dark-gray. One or two coaly and sandy beds about 50 cm thick ...... 16 215 - slumped contact - 24 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained, cross-bedded ...... 3 219 - gradational contact - 25 Shale, dark-gray...... 2.4 222 - erosion surface - 26 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), fine­ grained. Shale fragments in lower 2 m, Shaly stringers about 1 m thick appear in upper 1.2 m ...... 9 231 Sample F216 base Erosion surface and ss. - gradational contact - 27 Shale, dark-gray ...... 6 237 - slumped contact - 28 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded ...... 5 242 - gradational contact - 29 Shale, light-gray, sandy 13 255 - erosion surface - 264

A B C

30 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. Discoidal and ovoid shale fragments up to 8 cm across abundant in lower 60 cm,...... 5 259 - gradational contact - 31 Shale, light-gray, sandy ...... 5 264 - erosion surface - 32 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. Discoidal and ovoid shale fragments up to 15 cm across in lower 30 cm and in lens at 1 m, with a few coaly fragm ents...... 4 268 Sample F217 0.3 m Ss.

33 Shale, light-gray 3 271 - erosion surface - 34 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Discoidal shale fragments up to 15 cm across and quartz pebbles up to 3 cm across. At.11 m there is a 10 cm layer of ovoid shale fragments up to 8 cm across and quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across...... 11 282 Sample F218 base Erosion surface and ss. Sample F218A 11 m Pebbles. - sharp contact - 35 Tuff, light-green-gray, fine-grained, mas­ sive to medium-bedded. Weathers into knobs several inches high. Pitted horizons at 16 and 21 m ...... 24 306 Sample F219 11 ra Tuff. Sample F220 21 m Tuff. - erosion surface - 36 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained. Basal 60 cm is a fine quartz pebble conglomerate with red garnet concentrates in the matrix, and shale fragments up to 40 cm long. Quartz g rit with common garnet, and shale fragments up to 12 cm across, 30 cm thick at 15 m. For 3 m above and below this the sandstone has knobbles 1 cm across. 16 322 Sample F221 15 m Ss. - gradational contact - 37 Siltstone (tuff?), light-green-gray 11 333 - erosion surface - 255

B C

38 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained, massive, cross-bedded. Rounded, tabular shale fragments, mostly about 8 cm across but up to 30 cm across, are common close to lower contact, and at 1 m. Pebbles of quartz and indurated sandstone, as well as red garnets, are also common at these le v e ls...... 9 342 Sample F222 0,5 m Ss. Sample F223 0,5 m Conglomerate, Sample F224 4 m Ss. Sample F225 8 m Ss. - sharp contact - 39 Sandstone (tuff?), coarsely mottled light- pink and gray, fine-grained, massive, very hard ...... 1.8 344 - gradational contact - 40 Mudstone (tuff), gray-green. Pitted in places. Contains flecks of secondary red zeo lite ...... 5 349 Sample F225 2.1 m lïludst. - sharp contact - 41 Mudstone (tuff), gray. Mudcracks? in lower surface. Very hard. 10 cm thick, 349 Sample F227 - sharp contact - 42 Tuff, light-green-gray, massive, with white flecks. Weathers pitted. Quartz blebs 1 to 2 mm across. Red zeolite scat­ tered throughout, but less abundant than in unit 40. Lens from 1.5 to 2.4 m has fine sandy pink laminae alternating with silty green laminae - disappears laterally in a few m. Further along the face a 0.5 m zone at 2 m was found to contain agate-filled vugs up to 2 cm long and about 0.6 cm across, lying parallel to the lower surface of the unit. Vugs were also found at one or two hioher levels ...... 5 354 Sample F228 base Tuff. Sample F229 0.5 m Tuff. Sample F230 1.8 m Part of concretion 5 cm across. - gradational contact - 256

A B C

43 Tuff, in hard white and softer green layers from 10 to 30 cm thick (w/yellow, red, brown). Concretionary features 3 to 8 cm across are picked out by a black rim several mm thick. Red zeolite? occurs usually in the greenish layers...... 12 36? Sample F231 11 m Concretion?. - sharp contact - 44 Tuff, green, with irregular horizontal parting. Concretionary structures as above. 1,2 363 Sample F232 0.6 m Tuff. - sharp contact - 45 Tuff, light-gray, massive. Concretionary structures 3 to 25 cm across common along base and scattered throughout ...... 5 373 Sample F233 base Tuff. Sample F234 1,2 m Tuff. - erosion surface - 46 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, thin- bedded. A few purple fine sandstone beds 2 to 5 cm thick. Rounded spheroidal fine­ grained fragments mostly about 1 or 2 cm across with some up to 15 cm across in the lower 0.6 m ...... 9 382 Sample F235 0.6 m Ss. Sample F236 0.9 m Ss. Sample F237 6 m Ss. Sample F238 9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 47 Tuff, light-gray (w/pink), massive, with abundant green angular len ticles. Weathers blocky. Lower contact undulating with 1 m of relief. Red zeolite? sparsely distri­ buted throughout. Upper 1.2 m green but otherwise the sa m e ..... 3 385 Sample F239 0.6 m Tuff. Sample F240 3 m Tuff. - erosion surface - 48 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, mas­ sive. Lower 0.6 m has abundant discoidal fragments mostly 1 to 2 cm a c ro ss ... 3 388 Sample F241 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 257

A B C

49 Tuff, varicolored (green-gray-pink-orange). Discoidal fragments 1 to 2 cm across common throughout. Red zeolite? common in lower part of unit, Weathering has produced dis­ tinct but discontinuous 30-cm-thick layers. Some horizons have a well-developed vertical cleavage, Most of unit has a rude flaggy p arting, ...... ,,,, ...... 12 400

50 SNOW, SCREE...... 9 409

51 Tuff, light-gray, blocky, Massive light- gray (w/red brown), tuffaceous, cross-bedded. Fine sandstone appears to occupy channel 0 to 2,4 m deep. Fragments up to 35 cm across but mostly 1 to 2 cm across are common in lower 1 m of c h a n n e l , . . . . , . , . , , . , . , , . . , . , . , , 5 414 Sample F243 1,5 m Tuffaceous ss. Sample F244 1,8 m Light-gray tuff. Sample F245 5 m Light-gray tuff. - sharp contact - 52 Tuff, white, with flecks of red zeolite?. 15 cm thick ...... 414 - gradational contact - 53 Tuff, green ...... 0,3 414 - gradational contact - 54 Tuff, white to pink, with well-developed columnar jointing ...... ,., 3 417 NOTE: Unit 55 was described from a scree-covered slope on the southwest face of Mt, Falla, Bedrock was examined by digging every 2 m in the lower 30 ra and every 4 m in the upper part of the unit. The thickness of unit 55 was determined by altimeter on the north face of Falla, where the contacts are better exposed, 55 Tuff, green-gray (brown gray in lower 15 m), massive to shaly, A few specks of red zeolite? in lower 24 m, Amygdaloidal from about 24 to30 m. Slack spherules about 1 cm across are common from 40 m to the top of the unit. The upper 6 m on the north face of Falla is similar but appears sandier,,,...... ,., ...... 105 522 Sample F246 6 ra Tuff. Sample F247 22 m Tuff. 268

B

Sample F248 24 m Tuff, amygdaloidal. Sample F249 40 m Tuff with black spherules. Sample F249A 51 m Tuff with spherules. Sample F250 74 m Tuff with spherules. Sample F251 103 m Tuff, sandy, with spherules.

56 SNOW 6 528

57 Sandstone (tuffaceous?), gray-brown, fine­ grained...... 0.6 529 Sample F252 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 58 Fine conglomerate and sandstone in alter­ nating beds 2 to 5 cm thick,.,...... 0.6 530 - gradational contact - Thickness of Falla F o rm ation...... 530 m

Prebble Formation - gradational contact - Conglomerate, red-brown, poorly sorted, massive, with cobbles up to 30 cm across. Horizons of coarse conglomerate about 10 m apart and 1 m thick weather to form vague terraces, and grade up and down into fine conglomerate with clasts up to 5 cm across. Most pebbles are light-gray or red-brown and very-fine-grained, and may be tuffaceous 44 44 Sample F253 0.3 m Conglomerate. Sample F254 9 m Part of doleritic pebble 25 cm across. Sample F255 12 m Conglomerate. Sample F256 29 m Conglomerate. Sample F257 44 m Conolomerate.

SNOW. 53 Thickness of Prebble Formation ...... 53 m

Basalt Flow.

Section F3. Base of section at end of long ridge running north from Golden Cap, near mouth of Prebble Glacier. Elevation at base of section about 2200 m (mao e s t.). Position 84° 19.9' S; 164° 36' E. 269

SNOW.

Fremouw Formation Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Greenish fine sandstone stringers up to 30 cm thick. A few quartz pebbles in lower 2 ...... Sample F301 2.4 m Ss with coarse layer. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslamina ted ...... Sample F302 0,9 m Fine ss. ■ - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained. Quartz pebbles up to 3 cm across and garnet sand in lenses at 4 and 5 m, and scattered throughout unit. Stringers of fine sandstone. A few mudstone fragments at base of unit and concentrated at 7 m...... 9 17 Sample F303 0.6 m Coarse ss. Samples from 5 m. Distances measured horizontally from contact of dike between 37 and 75 m thick. Sample F304 contact. Sample F305 1 m. Sample F306 2 m. Sample F307 8 m. - erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded. Mudstone fragments near base. A few green shaly fine sandstone stringers less than 0.3 m thick 3 20 Sample F303 0,3 m fdedium ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated. Rootholes in mudstone at top of u n it ...... 0.9 21 Sample F309 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - Mudstone, light-green-gray. Rootholes 0.3 to 1 m...... 1.8 23 - sharp contact - 270

A 8 C

7 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained.. 5 28 - gradational contact - 8 Mudstone, light-green-gray, 3 roothole horizons. 8 36 - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. Mudstone fragments, averaging 1 cm and up to 15 cm across, in scattered lenses.. 0.9 37 - gradational contact - 10 Mudstone, light-green-gray...... 0.9 38 - erosion surface - 11 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. Mudstone fragments. Lenses out in both directions in 24 m ...... 1.8 39 - gradational contact - 12 Mudstone, light-green-gray, shaly from 4 to 8 m. Rootholes at 0.5, 8 and 9 ...... 12 51 - erosion surface - 13 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded. Scattered mudstone fragments. Green fissile fine sandstone stringers 10 to 60 cm th ick ...... 15 66 Sample F310 Basal contact. Sample F311 4 m Medium ss and mudst conglomerate. - gradational contact - 14 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, fissile to massive. Rootholes in upper 0.5 m...... 1.5 68 - sharp contact - 15 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded. A few green fine sandstone string ers ...... 3 71 - sharp contact - 16 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated, in 30 cm beds, alternates with 30 cm beds of green-gray mudstone with white f l e c k s ...... 14 85 - sharp contact - 17 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, like unit 13 ...... 11 96 - oradational contact - 271

A B C

18 Mudstone, green-gray, sandy...... 1.8 97

DOLERITE SILL, about 75 m thick, 19 Mudstone; like unit 18 ...... 4 101 - erosion surface - 20 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross- bedded. Mudstone fragments up to 25 cm across. A fern green-gray fine sandy laminae ...... 13 114 Sample F312 1.8 m Medium ss. - sharp contact - 21 Mudstone, light-green-gray. Some thin sandy microcrosslaminated layers, White flecks in upper 0.6 m ...... 2.7 117 - sharp contact - 22 Sandstone, light-gray,medium-grained, cross­ bedded. Green fine sandstone stringers up to 30 cm th ic k ...... 4 121 - sharp contact - 23 Mudstone, light-green-gray ...... 3 124 - erosion surface - 24 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained...... 1.5 126 Sample F314 0.6 m. Ss. - gradational contact - 25 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated...... 2.7 129

26 Mudstone, light-green-gray. A few roots. Now columnar-jointed 8 136 DOLERITE SILL. About 100 m thick. 27 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross­ bedded. A few green-gray fine sandstone stringers 10 146 - sharp contact - 28 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, Rootholes ...... 1.8 147 - erosion surface - 272

B

29 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross­ bedded, Rare mudstone fragments at base, Rootholes near upper surface,, ...... 5 152 Sample F315 3 m Medium ss, - gradational contact - 30 Mudstone, light-green-gray, with subequal proportion of light gray, microcrosslaminated fine sandstone,, ...... ,,,, ...... 10 162 - erosion surface - 31 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded, On upper surface there are large concretionary structures 0,3 thick, 1 m wide and up to 15 m long, aligned parallel to cross-bed d ire c tio n ,,, ...... ,,, 5 157 Sample F315 5 m Medium ss. Sample F317 5 m Part of concretion,

32 Sandstone, light-green-gray, fine-grained,., 10 177 Sample F31B 5 m Fine ss with stem fragments, - erosion surface - 33 Sandstone,white to light-gray, medium- grained, oross-bedded ...... 2.4 179 - gradational contact - 34 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated, Rootholes in upper 0,5 m,,, 0.9 180 - erosion surface - 35 Sandstone, light-gray to white, medium- grained, cross-bedded. Mudstone fragments in lower 30 c m .,., ...... 0,9 181 - gradational contact - 35 Mudstone, green-gray, alternating in 30 cm layers with green-gray fine sandstone. Root-- holes, and wood fragments up to 40 om long,, 1,8 183 - erosion surface - 37 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded, Mudstone fragments in lower 30 cm,, 5 188 Sample F319 0,9 m Ss, Sample F320 4 m Ss, - gradational contact - 33 Mudstone, green-gray, with minor micro­ crosslaminated, fine sandstone, Rootholes,, 2.7 191 - erosion surface - 273

A B C

39 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained ... 0.9 192

40 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated ...... 0.9 193 - gradational contact - 41 Mudstone, green-gray, with white flecks..... 3 195 - erosion surface - 42 Sandstone,white to light-gray, medium- grained, with wood fragments up to 30 cm long. Mudstone fragments in lower 30 cm.... 5 200 DOLERITE DIKE about 1.5 m thick. Beyond the dike beds dip south at 1 or 2 degrees. At this dip unit 42 intersects the base of the bluff about 800 m south, where the section was continued. 43 Sandstone, medium-gray, fine-grained, fissile . Coaly at least at 37 m. Poorly exposed..... 43 244 Sample F321 13 m Fine ss. _ DOLERITE SILL, about 30 m thick. 44 Mudstone, light-green-gray...... 1.8 245 Sample F322 0,9 m Mudst, - obscured contact - 45 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained...... 15 251 Sample F323 2.7 m Ss. Sample F324 12 m Ss. - gradational contact - 45 Mudstone, very-light-gray ...... 0.9 252 Sample F325 0.6 m Mudst, 47 SNOW ...... 1.5 254 48 Shale, medium-gray. Coaly from 1.2 to 1.5m. 2.1 255 - erosion surface - 49 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, mas­ sive. In the lower 4 m there are log impres­ sions up to 50 cm wide and 2.4 m long, and lenses of fragments of mudstone, fine sand­ stone and coal. These fragments are tabular and up to 60 cm across. Rare quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across. Channelling at least 2.4 m deep at 9 m. At 12 m a mudstone layer has 274

B

been disrupted and engulfed in a medium sand matrix. Above this level carbonaceous laminae and coal streaks up to 30 cm long are common * ...... 32 298 Sample F325 7 m Ss. Sample F327 13 m Ss.

50 SNOW...... '...... 8 305

51 Coal, bright, much fractured...... 3 308 Sample F328 2.4 m Coal. - gradational contact - 52 Sandstone, light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, fissile...... 5 313 - obscured contact - 53 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded ...... 5 318 Sample F329 3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 54 Shale, dark-gray. Coal from 3 to 5 m. A few rootholes in upper 1 m ...... 7 325 - erosion surface - Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 325+ m

F alla F ormation

- erosion surface - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown),medium- grained, indistinctly cross-bedded in lower part, microcrosslaminated in upper part. Mudstone fragments in lower 2 m ..., ...... 7 7 Sample F330 0.9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Shale, medium-gray, coaly in places ...... 1.8 9 3 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, with coal streaks ...... 3 12 4 Shale, dark-gray, coaly ...... 2.7 15 5 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 1.8 17

5 Mudstone, lig h t-g ray ...... 0«6 17 275

A B C

7 Shale, medium-gray, coaly in p la c e s .... 3 20

8 Coal ...... 0.9 21 9 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 1.8 23

10 Shale, medium-gray...... 1.5 25

11 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 2.1 27

12 Shale, medium-gray ...... « 1.8 29

13 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 1.2 30

14 Mudstone, lig h t-g ra y ...... 0.9 31

15 Shale, medium-gray ...... 0.9 32 16 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 1.2 33 Sample F332 0.9 m Fine ss. 17 Shale,medium-gray. Coal from 0.9 to 1.5 m.. 1.8 35

IS Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 2.1 37 Sample F333 0.9 m Fine ss. 19 Mudstone, light-gray ...... 1.8 39 20 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 0.6 39

21 Shale, medium-gray...... 1.8 41 22 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 0.6 42 23 Shale, medium-gray ...... 1.8 44

24 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 0.6 44

25 Mudstone, medium-gray ...... 0.6 45 - erosion surface - 26 Sandstone, light-gray (u/red brown), medium- grained, cross-bedded. Lower 30 cm has mud­ stone fragments up to 60 cm across. A few quartz pebbles up to 3 cm across. The under­ lying mudstone is stained light brown for 30 cm below the erosion surface, which ap­ pears quite knobbly ...... 13 58 Sample F334 base Erosion surface. Sample F335 0.6 m Ss. 275

A B C

From 2,1 to 2,7 m and from 4 to 5 m there are coal streaks several feet long, large mudstone blocks, and flattened logs,

DOLERITE SILL. 5 m thick, 27 Shale, medium-gray ...... ,,,,, ...... 3 61

28 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained ...... ,,, 0,5 52 29 Shale, black, coaly ...... 3 55

30 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained ...... 0,5 65 31 Shale, black, coaly,,,,, ,,,,, ...... ,,, 0,5 65 - erosion surface - 32 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained, massive, filudstone fragments scat­ tered throughout, but concentrated at 20 m,, 24 ■ 90 Sample F336 0,5 m Ss. Sample F337 5 m Ss, Sample F338 21 m Ss. There appears to be at least another 120 m of section (containing about 45 m of sand­ stone), but the beds dip at about 20° up the ridge and may be slumped. Thickness of Falla Form ation,,,, ...... 90+ m

Section F4, At the base and west end of slope that leads onto the west ridge of Mt, Falla, ^ . Elevation at base of section about 2500 m (mao e s t,). Position 840 21,0' S; 1640 40» [.

Fremouw Formation

SNOW, 1 Sandstone, medium-gray, medium-grained. Brown concretions 5 to 8 cm across ,,, 1,8 2 Sample F401 0,6 m Ss 1 m from dike,

2 SNOW...... 1.8 4 3 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, mas­ sive, Mudstone fragments, mostly 1 'em but 277

B

up to 30 cm across, common throughout, and especially from 0,5 to 1 m. Abundant wood fragments at 9 m, 8 x 30 cm. Brown con­ cretions about 5 cm across 10 13 Sample F402 0.6 m Ss.

DOLERITE SILL. 3 m thick. 4 Mudstone, d a rk -g ra y ...... 0.5 14 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, cross­ bedded. Mudstone fragments in lower 60 cm. lliood fragments at 5 6 20 Sample F403 5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 5 Shale, dark-oray, becomes very coaly about 5 m...... Z 19 39 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, massive. Mudstone fragments and thin slivers of shale up to 15 cm across in lower 30 cm. Microcrosslamina ted in upper 2 m...... 13 52 Sample F404 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - a Sandstone, medium-gray, fine-grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated...... 4 57 - gradational contact - 9 Shale, black, coaly 5 52 10 Sandstone, dark-gray, fine-grained, fissile. 7 69

DOLERITE SILL. 1 m thick. 11 SNOW 24 93

12 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained ...... 1.5 95 Sample F405 0.5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 13 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, fissile. 0.9 95 278

A B C

14 SNOW...... 8 104

Base of the Falla Formation, and of the lowest exposed sandstone of section F2 (traced by eye from F4 about 800 m along face toward fflt, Falla). Thickness of Fremouw Formation. 104+ m

Section F5. West side of ridge running north from the lower north face of (Kit. Falla. Base of section is concordant contact with a 30+ m thick dolerite sill. Elevation at base of section about 2200 m (map e s t.). Position 840 i b .O'S; 1640 56' E.

Fremouw Formation

1 Sandstone, light-green-gray, medium- grained, m assive...... 1.8 2 - sharp contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained. White flecks like root patterns occur on some surfaces...... 2.1 4 Sample F501 1.8 m Fine ss. - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white), medium- grained, cross-bedded. Spheroidal fine sandstone fragments mostly 1 to 2 cm across but up to 15 cm across in lower 60 cm ...... 6 10 Sample F502 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone; like unit 2...... 1.5 12 Sample F503 1.2 m Fine ss with roots?. - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone; like unit 3 ...... 0,9 13 - gradational contact - 6 Sandstone; like unit 2 ...... 0.6 14 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone; like unit 3. Green stringers at 4 and 6 m ...... 7 20 - erosion surface - 279

8 Sandstone; like unit 2. Rootholes scat­ t e r e d ...... 2.7 23 - gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, light-gray, alternating fine- and medium-grained 1.8 25 - gradational contact - 10 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), fine-grained, cross-bedded, massive to medium-bedded. Subordinate sandy mudstone. White flecks (roots?) common. White cross- bedded, medium sandstone with plant stems up to 3 cm across from 5 to 7 m. Mudstone fraoments mostly 2 cm across but up to 5 cm at 6 m 22 47 Sample F504 5 m Medium ss. Sample F505 7 m Fine ss. Sample F505 21 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - 11 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white), medium- grained, cross-bedded. Green laminae common 4 51 Sample F507 2.4 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 12 Mudstone, light-gray (w/green gray) 5 56 - erosion surface - 13 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white), medium- grained, massive, cross-bedded. A few lenses of green mudstone fragments. Green laminae and thin stringers. Plant stems up to 12 cm across at 1.5 m. Brown spheroidal concretions 5 to 15 cm across.... 6 62 - gradational contact - 14 Mudstone, light-gray (w/green gray). Root­ holes..... 5 67 - erosion surface - 15 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white), medium- grained, cross-bedded. Green laminae common. Beds of light-gray (w/green gray), fissile, fine sandstone from 0.9 to 1.2 m, 1.8 to 5m, 20 to 21 m, and 27 to 29 m. Fine sandstone fragments mostly 1 to 2 cm with some up to 15 cm across occur in lower 30 cm and between 6 and 12 m. Rootholes occur just below 21 and 29 m. Plant stems at 29 m 30 97 280

Sample F50B 0,5 m Coarse ss. Sample F509 25 m Medium ss. Sample F51G 29 m Plant stems. 16 Mudstone, light- to medium-gray (w/green gray), sandy. Stems up to 5 cm across. Rootholes above 5 m ...... 12 108 Sample F511 5 m Sandy mudst. 17 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Green laminae and stringers common. Large brown concretions up to 60 cm thick and 6 m long at 1.2 m...... 4 112 - gradational contact - 18 Mudstone, ligh-gray (w/light green gray). Some thin, pink-weathering sandy beds. Scattered white flecks. Stems at 15 m, Rootholes in upper 60 cm ...... 20 132 Sample F513 0.9 m Pink ss. - sharp contact - 19 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white), medium- grained, cross-bedded. Common green laminae. Scattered brown concretions 3 135 Sample F514 0.3' m Ss. - sharp contact - 20 Mudstone, light-gray (w/green gray), sandy. Rootholes common above 2.4 m. Stems at 6 m. I'hite, medium sandstone lens from 21 to 13 m 18 153

DOLERITE SILL, about 100 m thick, discordant. Above the s ill a thick massive sandstone is overlain by 50 m of mudstone. The mudstone is overlain by another sill (that which forms the extensive platform along the north front of lYlt. Falla), and the section was continued from the upper surface of that s ill onto the north face of Mt. Falla. 21 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross- bedded. Mudstone fragments mostly 1 cm but up to 15 cm across occur at 2 m, and at base of channel from 5 to 9 m. Stems up to 15 cm wide also concentrated at base of channel. Spheroidal concretaions 5 to 8 cm across.... 30 215 Sample F529 2.1 m Ss. Sample F530 13 m Concretion. 281

A B C - obscure contact - 22 Shale, medium-gray (w/light gray), with abundant plant stems. Root horizon from 10 to 11 11 226 Sample F531 11 m Shale with stems. - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone,light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded...... 1.8 228 - gradational contact - 24 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained...... 0.5 229 25 Shale, medium-gray. Coaly from 1.8 to 2.4 m 5 234 - erosion surface - 25 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained...... 2.4 235 Sample F532 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 27 Shale, dark-gray (w/light gray), with one or two 50 cm fine sandstone beds. Thin coaly layers at 0.3 and 9 m ...... 9 245 - erosion surface - 28 Sandstone,light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained, massive, cross-bedded. Discoidal mudstone fragments up to 15 cm across in the lower 50 cm. Layer of mudstone fragments up to 50 cm across rises from 2 to 4 m over a distance of IS m. Unit caps "castle" on the gently dipping platform...... 7 252 Sample F533 0.5 m Ss. 29 Shale, dark-gray ...... 3 255 - sharp contact - 30 Sandstone,medium-gray (w/very light gray), medium-grained, massive. Uieathers knobbly or as low slopes ...... 2.4 257 31 Shale, dark-gray ...... 0.9 258 32 Sandstone; like unit 30 ...... 0.5 259

33 Shale, dark-gray...... 0.9 260 34 Sandstone; like unit 30 ...... 1.3 262 Sample F534 0.3 m Ss. 282

A B C 35 Shale, dark-gray...... 1.2 263

35 Sandstone; like unit 30 ...... 4 257 37 Shale, dark-gray ...... 2.1 259 - erosion surface - 38 Sandstone; like unit 30, cross-bedded ...... 5 275

39 Shale, dark-gray, coaly near top 10 285 40 Sandstone; like unit ...... 3 0 ...... 49 334 Sample F535 4 m Ss. Sample F536 5 m Part in brown concretion. Sample F537 30 m Ss.

41 Shale, black, coaly ...... 12 346

42 SCREE 3 349 43 Sandstone; like unit 30 ...... 3 352

44 Shale, black, coaly ...... 12 354 - contact in snow - 45 Sandstone; like unit 30. f-ludstone fragments up to 1 m and mostly about 10 cm across be­ tween 10 and 15 m...... 30 394 Sample F538 11 m Ss. Sample F539 28 m Ss. 45 SNOW AND SCREE 18 412 47 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained ...... 7 419

48 Shale, dark-gray...... 14 433 49 Sandstone; like unit ....47 ...... 8 441 Sample F540 1 m Ss. 50 SNOW AND SCREE 55 510 Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 510+ m

Falla Formation 1 Sandstone,light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained, massive,cross-bedded. Some quart- zose lenses. Forms lowest prominent bluff 283

B

on the slope, as does the basal sandstone at the type section of the Falla Formation (F2) about 1 km to the w e st...... 10 10 Sample F041 3 m Ss.

IKiT. KIRKPATRICK AREA Section KO. Base just above snow basin 1.8 km north of the rock summit of Mt. Kirkpatrick, on the north face. Elevation at base of section about 3400 m (map e s t.) . Position 840 is .? ' S; I860 16' E.

Fremouw Formation

SNOW. DOLERITE SILL, locally discordant, about 450 m thick. Sandstone of the Fremouw Formation crops out at base of s ill (top of Kl). Mudstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), sandy, massive. A few white flecks above 4 9 9 Sill 30 cm thick at 4 m. Sample KOOl 0.5 m Mudst. Sample K002 5m Ss from 0.6 m lens. Mudstone, light-gray (w/light green gray or light pink gray), sandy, massive. Root­ holes at 4 m. Lens of fine sandstone 30 cm thick at 4 5 14 Sample K003 4 m Fine ss. Thickness of Fremouw Formation (including Kl) 90+ m

- contact snow-covered - Falla Formation - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/white or light pink gray), medium-grained, quartzose, cross­ bedded, massive...... 8 8 Sample K004 2.1 m Ss. DOLERITE SILL, 8 m thick. 284

2 Mudstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), sandy ...... 9 17 - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone, light-gray (ui/mhite, yellow, red brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross­ bedded, massive. A few quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across ...... 4 21 Sample K005 1.5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light green gray), medium-grained, cross-bedded, massive, with quartzose gritty layers ...... 7 28 Sample K006 2.4 m Ss. - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white, yellow, red brown and light green gray), medium-grained. Lower 30 cm has many rounded light-gray mudstone fragments mostly 3 cm with some up to 10 cm a c r o s s ...... 2.1 30 - sharp contact - 6 Mudstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light green gray or light pink gray), sandy. Fine sandstone lenses in places. Rootholes from 1.5 to 2.4 m. Dicroidium and stems at 1 m.. 4 34 Sample K007 0.9 m Mudstone with Dicroidium.

Traversed about 400 m southwest across a scree slope to the upper contact of the same sill that underlies unit 1. The sill is clearly discordant and unit 8 (below) appears to be only a matter of meters higher in the section than unit 6. 7 SCREE...... 3 37 8 Sandstone, light-gray, very-coarse-grained, quartzose. Occupies channel. Adjacent beds are of white, fine sandstone...... 4 41 Sample K008 2.4 m Coarse ss. - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white or light pink gray),laminated. Gritty lenses from 1,8 to 3 m. 30 cm siltstone layers occasionally. A little cross-bedding. Good parting linea- tion at 12 m... 17 58 285

A B C

Sample K009 base Ss. Sample KOlO 13 m Ss. - gradational contact - 10 Mudstone (tuff?), light- to medium-gray (lu/ light green gay or pink gray), sandy, mas­ sive. White flecks from 3 to 4 m. Mudstone fragments 2 cm across at 4 m...... 14 72

11 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray or pink gray), medium- to coarse-grained, cross­ bedded, massive. Quartz pebble lenses through the lower 2.4 m. Red garnet abun­ dant, A 30 cm bed of massive very poorly sorted pebbly green-gray sandstone at 20 m. Sharp upper and lower contacts ...... 22 94 Sample KOll 0.5 m Conglomerate. Sample K012 10 m Coarse ss. Sample K013 20 m Poorly sorted ss. - gradational contact - 12 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive ...... 4 98 - gradational contact - 13 Tuff, light-gray (w/white.or light green gray), fine sandy ...... 12 109 Sample K014 S m White tuff. - sharp contact - 14 Tuff, light-gray (w/white, red brown, yellow), thin-bedded 1.5 111 - sharp contact - 15 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white, light yellow brown), fine-grained, coarsely laminated. Some mudstone beds less than 30 cm th ic k .... 4 115 - erosion surface - 16 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), medium-grained 4 119 - gradational contact - 17 Tuff, light-gray (w/same or light green gray), fine sandy, massive. Irregular white flecks, and specks of red zeolite?. Channel from 5 to 5 m contains fine- to medium- grained sandstone. 21 140 Dike of pebbly sandstone (like that in unit 13) 12 era wide with sharp contacts, at 10 m. 286

Sample K015 5 m Fine ss. Sample K016 6 m îïludst. - gradational contact - 19 Tuff, very-light-qray (w/white, pink, light brown), well-bedded, forms bluffs..... 7 147 Sample K017 5 m Mudst. - gradational contact - 19 Tuff, like unit 18, but contains scattered amygdales about 0.3 cm across, particularly from 11 to 12 m. Red zeolite? particularly common at this level also. A few black- rimmed spheroidal concretionary structures about 5 to 10 cm across...... 22 169 Sample K018 12 m Ss. - erosion surface - 20 Sandstone, light-gray (w/red brown), medium- grained. Lower 60 cm has mudstone frag­ ments mostly 3 cm across but up to 50 cm. Log 2 m long and 15 cm a cro ss...... 5 174 Sample K019 2.4 m Ss. - sharp contact - 21 Mudstone (tuff?), very-light-gray (w/light gray and pink gray), vaguely laminated or massive, fine sandy 2.4 176 - sharp contact - 22 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), medium-grained, thin-bedded to massive ...... 5 181 - sharp contact - 23 Tuff, very-light-gray (w/same or pink gray). Lower surface undulatory with 60 cm of re­ lief, Lower 60 cm is columnar-jointed 21 202 Sample K020 base Tuff. Sample K021 0.5 m Tuff. Sample K022 4 m Tuff. Sample K023 20 m Tuff. Lenticles about 1 cm across in lower 30 cm. Fine-grained green fragments about 1 cm across in upper 9 m, - sharp contact - 24 Tuff, very-light-gray (w/same or light pink gray). Lower 60 cm columnar-jointed but grades laterally into massive and vaguely thin-bedded material 32 234 287

A B C

Sample KD24 32 m Tuff. SCREE...... 3 237

Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray). Sample K025 7 m Ss.

SCREE. Moved about SOD m northeast onto the middle outcrop of the northwest face.

24 Tuff, very-light-gray ...... 237 - sharp contact - 25 Sandstone, light-green-gray (w/same - red brown in lower 30 cm), medium-grained, cross-bedded, massive ...... 5 242 Sample K025 base Ss. - gradational contact - 26 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray or pink gray), fine-grained, massive ...... 2.4 245 - erosion surface - 28 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light green gray), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Conglomerate from 0 to 60 cm thick at base, with pebbles mostly about 2 cm across of many lithologies. Local gritty and pebbly lenses throughout ...... 12 258 - gradational contact - 29 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), fine-grained, massive ...... 0.9 259 - gradational contact - 30 Mudstone, light-gray (w/light green gray)... 8 267 31 SCREE...... 2.1 269 32 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), medium-grained, poorly sorted, with a few small pebbles ...... 6 275 Sample K029 0.9 m Ss.

33 SCREE...... 7 282 Thickness of Falla Formation 282 m 288

C

Prebble Formation

1 Conglomerate, red-brown, massive, very poorly sorted. Clasts mostly 0,5 to 1 cm with some up to 7,5 cm across. Bed 3 cm thick of fine green sandstone at 5 m. Bed from 12 to 13 m with sharp upper contact and a few black spherules about 1 cm across ...... 20 20 Sample K030 1,5 m Conglomerate. Sample K031 13 m Fine ss with spherules, - sharp contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/green gray), fine­ grained ...... ,,,, 0,6 21 - slumped contact - 3 Sandstone, red and green-gray, conglomeratic, poorly sorted. Lower 21 m is medium-bedded. Unit becomes massive and similar to unit 1 above 21 m, but has massive lenses up to about 3 m thick of much coarser material with boulders up to 55 cm across. Most are of green-gray mudstone ( tuff?) and gray sand­ stone, Above 34 m the unit becomes stra tifie d and contains many thin sandy beds, but conglom­ eratic beds with pebbles up to 12 cm across for about 80^ of the sequence. Above 55 m the unit is massive and coarser, similar to the lenses described above ...... ,, ,,,,., 66 86 Sample K032 6 m Ss. Sample K033 30 m Part of ss boulder. - sharp discordant contact - 4 Mudstone (tuff?), lig h t- to medium-gray (w/ green gray), sandy, massive. Black spherules appear above 2.1 m ...... 32 118 Sample K034 2,4 m Mudst (tuff?) with spherules. Sample K035 23 m Same.

5 SCREE...... 38 156 6 Agglomerate, dark-brown, very poorly sorted with fragments mostly 5 to 8 cm with some up to 40 cm across ...... 4 160 - gradational contact - 7 Conglomerate, purple, poorly sorted, bedded in upper p a rt ...... 4 164 289

A 8 C

8 Tuff, purple, thinly bedded, and tufface- ous sandstone...... 2.4 166

Thickness of Prebble Formation ...... 166 m

Basalt flow.

Section Kl. At base of 300 m dolerite c liff 4.3 km northwest of rock summit of Hilt. Kirkpatrick. Elevation at base of section about 3000 m (mao e s t.). Position 84° 17.3' S; 165° 9'E.

Fremouw Formation

SNOW. 1 Sandstone, light-green-gray (w/same), medium- grained, massive, some cross-bedding. Lenses of light-green-gray mudstone fragments, commonly 1 to 3 cm with some up to 70 cm across, occur at 3, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 21 m. Silicified wood fragments in some lenses. Ripples with wavelength 20 cm, height 2 cm, on upper surface ...... 37 37 Sample KlOl 0.3 m Ss with mudst fragments. Sample K102 18 m Ss. Sample K103 38 m Ss, gritty, - sharp contact - 2 Shale, light-green-gray ...... 3 40 3 Sandstone; like unit 1 ...... 2.1 42

4 Sandstone, green-gray, fine-grained, mas­ sive. Bands of discoidal, brown concrea- tions, mostly 1 to 2 cm thick and 3 cm long. 9 51 Sample K104 5 m Ss. - contact obscure - 5 Shale, lig h t-g re e n -g ra y ...... 5 56 - contact in scree - 6 Sandstone; like unit 1. Log 60 cm across at 5 m flattened and silicified. Light- and dark-gray but weathers green gray and white. 1.9 75 Sample K105 0.3 ra Part of s ilic if ie d ... dark shale lens 30 cm thick. Sample K106 11 m Ss. 290

DOLERITE SILL, slightly discordant* Section KO above upper contact of this sill.

Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 75+ ra

IÏ1T. SIRIUS AREA

Section SO. Lower part of the northeast ridge of mt. Sirius. Elevation at base of unit 1 is 2010 m (alt.). Position 84° 3.3' S; 163° 9' E.

DOLERITE SILL. 30 m exposed above snow.

Fremouw Formation 1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Quartzose sandstone and grit lenses common, especially in the lower part of the u n i t ...... 4 4 Sample SOOO 1.8 m Ss. Sample SOOl 4 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Siltstone, light-gray (w/very light green gray), sandy, generally massive but locally shaly ...... 6 10 Sample S002 0.3 m S ilts t.

DOLERITE SILL. 1.5 m thick. 3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray or lig h t red brown), medium-grained, blocky to m assive...... 7 17 - sharp contact - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light green gray or light red brown), fine-grained, flaggy, parallel bedding and parting lineation ...... 0.9 18 - sharp contact - 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light red brown), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky, cross-bedded. Scattered subrounded quartz pebbles up to 1 cm across in places associated with rounded pebbles of medium- to coarse­ grained brown quartzose sandstone up to 10 cm across ...... 8 26 Sample S003 0.9 m Coarse ss. 291

- gradational contact - 6 Sandstone, light-gray (m/sarne or red brown), fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, shaly in places. Contains dolerite dike 1,2 m thick ...... 1.5 27

7 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light green gray), fine- to medium-grained, medium-bedded. Coarse sandstone lenses in lower 1 m, A few green-gray shaly beds up to 30 cm thick in upper 2 m ...... «...... 4 .31 - gradational contact - 8 Siltstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), shaly. A few thin fine sandstone beds 4 35 - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light red brown nr light green gray), medium- to coarse­ grained, blocky to massive, cross-bedded. Quartz grit and quartz pebbles up to 1 cm across in lenses and stringers. Round dark-gray very-fine-grained tuff? pebbles mainly 2 to 3 cm but up to 10 cm across are common. Tfiedium- to dark-gray shale fragments up to 20 cm long are equally common. The pebbles disappear and the unit becomes finer grained in the upper 3 m. Burrows 5 to 10 mm across and commonly with a raised rim on the bedding surface were found in this and unit 11. Most are perpendicular to bedding but a few are parallel and can be traced for at least 15 c m ...... 21 56 Sample S004 0.9 m Medium ss. Sample S005 0 to 10 m Dark-gray pebbles. Sample 5006 18 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 10 Siltstone, light-gray (w/light green gray), s h a l y ...... 2.4 58 - sharp contact - 11 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/red brown and light gray), medium-grained, blocky to mas­ sive, cross-bedded. A few shale fragments up to 15 cm across in the lower part of the u n i t,...... 16 75 Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 75+ m 292

DOLERITE SILL. 125 m thick. Overlain by 75 m of compact t il l , which forms the summit of [ïlt. Sirius.

Section SI. North-facing slope 1.4 km southwest of mt. Sirius. Elevation at base of section is 2070 m ( a lt.) . Position 84° 8.8' S; 163° 9* E.

NOTE: A concordant dolerite sill that dips south-southwest at 1° forms the lower part of a ridge running toward- Sirius from SI,but dips below the snow before SI is reached. The top of the sill is probably only 1 m or so below the base of a measured section. This s ill is thought to be the same as the highest s ill on Sirius - the s ill that overlies SO - though the top of SO is within a few meters of the elevation of SI when dip is taken into consideration (about 30 m over the 2 km). The beds 3 km southwest of SI that lie beneath the s ill at the base of SI are also massive quartzose sandstones like those at SO. It is probable that SO and SI form a more or less continuous section including almost all of the lower part of the Fremouw Formation. Fremouw Formation 1 Siltstone, light-gray (w/same or very light green gray), shaly. Thin- to medium-bedded above 16 m. Burrows 5 to 10 mm across per­ pendicular and parallel to bedding at 4 m. Extensive thin lenses of light-gray (w/very light green gray or lig ht pinkish gray) very- fine- to fine-grained flaggy to blocky sand­ stone, parallel-bedded or microcrosslami­ nated, 0.3 m thick at 2.7 m, 1.2 at 4 m, 1.2 at 7 m, 0.9 at 10 m, 0.3 at 14 m, 0.9 at 15 m, and 1.2 at 23 m ...... 27 27 Sample SlOl 0.9 m S ilts t. Sample S102 2.7 m Fine ss. Sample S103 4 m Burrowed ss. Sample S104 16 m Fine ss. Sample S1Q5 17 m Mudst. - erosion surface with about 5 cm of local relief crossed by irregular furrows up to 5 cm deep and 10 cm across - 293

Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light brownish gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Brown concretions about 10 cm across common. Very-light-gray shale fragments up to 6 cm with most 1 to 3 cm across just above erosion surface and at 1 m...... 4 31 Sample S106 0.9 m Medium ss. . - gradational contact - Siltstone and claystone, light-green-gray (w/same), shaly in places. Thin-bedded and very sandy in upper 3 m. ijJhite flecks in the mudstone below some sandstone beds. Sandstone lenses as in unit 1 mainly about 30 cm thick at 0.5, 1.8, 7, 8, 9, and 16 m. The unit at 7 m has mudstone fragments up to 10-cm across near the base ...... 23 54 - erosion surface with about 3 cm of local relief - Sandstone; like unit 2. Lens of subrounded white quartz pebbles up to 1.5 cm with most 0,5 cm across at 1.8 m. Unit becomes finer and green gray in upper 1 m ...... 4 58 Sample S107 2 m Ss. Sample S107A 1.8 m Quartz pebbles. - gradational contact - Claystone, light-green-gray (w/same)...... 1.5 60 - erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray to white (w/same), fine-grained, massive, parallel- and cross­ bedding. Green-gray laminae and thin stringers common ...... 4 64 - gradational contact - Siltstone and claystone, light-green-gray (w/same). Lenses of very-light-gray massive fine sandstone 1 m thick at 4 and 20 m. The lower 27 m of the unit is poorly exposed through scree. White flecks were found at 17 m. The unit commonly weathers to a paper shale from 12 to 27 m but above 27 m the unit is thin- to thick-bedded. Lenses of fine sandstone up to 30 cm thick are moderately common. A few stem fragments from 30 to 38 m. Vertical cylindrical structures 3 mm across, 3 cm deep and closely packed at 35 ...... 48 112 Sample S109 35 m Fine ss and underlying clayst. 294

- sharp contact - Sandstone, medium-gray (w/same or reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, parallel- bedding, quartzose ...... 0.9 113 - sharp contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), coarse- to very-coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded, quartzose. Quartz grit and pebbles mostly less than 1 cm across found in lower 1 m .... 2.1 115 Sample Sill 0.9 m Very-coarse ss. Thickness of Fremouw Formation ...... 115+ m

DOLERITE SILL, discordant, at least 5 m thick.

WAHL GLACIER AREA Section WO, Outcrop S km north-northeast of Levi Peak. Elevation at base of outcrop about 2100 m (mao e st.). Position 34° 03.4' S; 164° 20' E. Buckley Formation

DOLERITE SILL. 15+ m thick. 1 Shale, black ...... 1.2 1 - slumped contact - 2 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, quartzose. 0.5 2 - gradational contact - 3 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/green gray), fine­ grained, fissile, and dark-gray sandy shale, microcrosslaminated in places. Networks of 3 mm-wide tra ils are common on bedding surface.... 25 27 Sample W002 6 m Ss. Sample W003 21 m Ss. - erosion surface - 4 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, flaggy, cross-bedded 14 41 Sample W004 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - 295

A B

5 Shale, dark-gray (w/dark green gray), sandy, coaly from 4 to 5 m 9 50

5 Shale, light-gray, Clossopteris fragments.. 8 58 7 Sandstone, gray, fine-grained, fissile. A few thin coaly layers 4 62 Sample 1U005 5 m Ss. 3 Shale, dark-gray (w/green gray), sandy...... 4 65 - erosion surface - 9 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, massive. Fine sandstone stringers up to 30 cm thick...... 8 74 Sample 'i/006 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact- 10 Shale, very-light-gray. Sandy and greenish in lower 9 m. Several 30 to 60 cm medium sandstone beds between 12 and 27 m. One or two plant stems up to 8 cm across 27 101 Sample iJ/007 18 m Ss. DOLERITE SILL.

Section UJl. Near head of south arm of Wahl Glacier on west side. About 3.1 km up glacier from 'i/o, and section continues from top of same sill that caps !li0. Elevation at base of Fremouw Formation is 2200 m (a lt.). Position 84° 05.7' S; 165° 19' E.

DOLERITE SILL. Same s ill overlies section WO. 11 SNOW...... 9 110

12 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or olive green in patches), medium-grained ...... 11 121 Sample WlOl base Light-gray ss. Sample W102 0.6 m Olive-green ss.

13 Shale, black, coaly ...... 0.9 122 14 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, fissile. 0.9 123 Sample W103 0.5 m Ss. 296

A B 15 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white or greenish gray), medium-grained, f i s s i l e ...... 16 139 - gradational contact - 16 Mudstone, dark-gray (w/light gray), siliceous. White flecks (bleached plant fragments). Coaly in upper 30 c m ...... 1.2 140 Sample W104 0,9 m Mudst. 17 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white and greenish gray in places), medium-grained. Light- gray mudstone fragments 1 cm across at 11 m. A few cross-beds ...... 15 155 Sample UJ105 0.5 m Greenish-gray ss. - gradational contact - 18 Mudstone, dark-gray (w/medium gray), silic e ­ ous, shaly in places, with white flecks. Abundant G1ossooteris in lower 5 m and from 12 to 13 m. Light-gray (w/reddish brown) quartzose medium sandstone from 8 to 9 m. Coaly shale from 11 to 12 m...... 13 158 Sample iJ/108 8 m Ss. 19 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, fissile. 1.8 170 - gradational contact - 20 Shale, dark-gray (w/light gray, buff, white), in 2 m beds, alternates with similar beds of mudstone 30 cm thick. Plant fragments... 9 179

21 SNOW 8 187 22 Shale, dark-gray, and minor mudstone, like unit 20. Plant stem impressions up to 45 cm long ...... 7 194

23 SNOW 12 206 24 Shale, dark-gray...... 0.3 206 25 Sandstone,medium-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile ...... 0.6 207 Sample 11/109 0.3 m Ss. 26 Shale, dark-gray, sandy, with occasional beds of fis s ile fine sandstone. Coal from 1.8 to 2.4 m. Coaly shale from 2.4 to 3 m. Shaly coal from 15 to 16 17 224 - erosion surface - 297

A B

27 Sandstone, white, medium-grained,, cross- bedded. Thin fragments of gray and coaly shale up to 3 cm across are abundant in the lower 30 cm. Quartz pebbles up to 3 cm and mostly less than 1 cm across are also common. Stringers up to 60 cm thick of dark-green, medium sandstone. Scattered carbonaceous fragments and thin lenses of shale in lower 3 ...... 7 231 Sample 0110 0.3 m Ss. Sample 0111 7 m Ss.

NOTE: Moved about 300 m south to below the big quartz sandstone bluffs. 27 Sandstone, white, medium-grained ...... 0.9 231 Sample 0112 0.6 m Ss. - sharp contact - 28 Shale, black, coaly...... 4 235 29 SNO0...... 9 244

30 Shale, medium-gray, sandy. Shaly coal from 8 to 9 m...... 14 258 31 Sandstone, light.-gray, fine- to medium- grained ...... 3 261 Sample 0113 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 32 Shale, medium-gray, sandy, black and coaly in upper part. Some thin lenses of light- gray fine tomedium sandstone...... 23 284

33 SCREE...... 12 296 34 Shale, black, coaly...... 1.3 298 35 Sandstone, gray (w/greenish gray), fine­ g r a in e d ...... 1.2 299 Sample 0114 0.3 mm Fine ss. 36 Shale, dark-gray, coaly in lower 9 m ...... 17 316 37 Sandstone, oray, fine-orained, microcross­ laminated..%...... 1.8 318 Sample 0115 0.6 m Fine ss. - oradational contact - 298

A B C

38 Shale, gray, sandy ...... 8 325

39 Shale, black, coaly...... 5 331 40 Shale, light-gray. A coal seam 3 cm thick at to p ...... 0.9 332 - erosion surface - Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 332+ m

Fremouw Formation

1 Sandstone, white (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, hard, quartzose, cross­ bedded, massive. A few quartz pebbles up to 1 cm across, Light-green-gray shale stringer from 17 to 18 m. Above 9 m there are many trails, straight, at least 30 cm long and about 1 cm wide, with oval cross- section, as well as burrows about 1 cm across...... 25 25 Sample ÏÏ115 base Quartz ss. Sample 11/117 15 m Quartz ss. 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/green and reddish brown), fine-grained ; ...... 5 31 Sample 11/118 4 m Fine ss. - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone; like unit 1. Quartz pebbles up to 3 cm across, and shale and fine sandstone fragments up to 12 cm across mainly in lower 30 cm...... 4 35 - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone, gray, fine-grained 4 40 - gradational contact - 5 Shale, gray (w/greenish gray) 4 44 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone; like unit 1. Tabular shale blocks up to 40 cm across in lower 50 cm. Quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across. Burrows and tra ils 1 cm across throughout. Fissile fine sand­ stone lens from 3 to 10 m. Shale or fine sandstone fragments at several horizons 32 77 Sample U/119 1.8 m Quartz ss. Sample 11/120 18 m Quartz ss. Sample •1/120A Scree Slab with burrows and tra ils . ' 299

A B C

- gradational contact - 7 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, cross-bedded. Discoidal fragments, up to 15 cm and mainly 1 to 2 cm across, of this sand­ stone at 7 m...... 9 86 Sample 'dil21 7 m Ss. - sharp contact - •3 Sandstone, light-gray, fins- to medium- orained. Hard (light gray) and softer (greenish gray), 3Q-cm-thick beds a lte r­ nate ...... 5 91 Sample 0122 1.2 m Hard ss. - gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, cross-bedded ...... 5 96 - gradational contact - 10 Shale, light-gray (w/greenish gray), sandy.. 3 99 - slumped contact - 11 Sandstone; like unit 1 ...... 8 107 Sample 0123 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 12 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded, mainly massive but locally fissile ...... 3 110 - gradational contact - 13 Shale; like unit 10 ...... 7 117 - slumped contact - 14 Sandstone; like unit 1. Quartz pebbles up to 1 cm acrasjS jt ...... 1.8 119 Sample 0124 0.9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 15 Shale, light-greenish-gray, sandy ...... 6 125 16 SMO0...... 6 131 17 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray and some reddish brown), fine-grained, medium- bedded...... 1.2 132 Sample 0125 0.6 m Fine ss. 300

A B C

18 Shale, light-green gray, sandy. Upper few inches are chocolate-colored, and upper surface appears mud-cracked ...... 0.6 132 Sample W126 0.6 m Chocolate shale.

19 Sandstone; like unit 17 ...... 0.6 133

20 Shale, light-green-gray, sandy...... 0.5 134

21 Sandstone; like unit 17.. = = 1.2 135

22 Shale; like unit 20 ...... 1.8 137

23 Sandstone; like unit 1 7 ...... 0.6 138 24 Shale; like unit 20 ...... 2.4 140

25 Sandstone; like unit 1 7 ...... 0.9 141 25 Shale; like unit 20...... 6 147

27 Sandstone; like unit 17 ...... 4 151

28 Shale; like unit 20. One or two fine sand­ stone stringers less than 30 cm thick,...... 8 159 29 Sandstone; like unit 17 ...... 0.6 160 30 Shale; like unit 20 ...... 13 173

31 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, cross­ bedded ...... 1.8 175 Sample ti/127 base Ss. 32 • Shale; like unit 2 0 ...... 15 190 33 Sandstone; like unit 31...... 5 195 34 Shale; like unit 20. Fine sandstone beds about 30 cm thick every 2 m in the lower 9m 21 216 35 Sandstone; like unit 31 ...... 3 219 Sample 0128 0.9 m Ss. 36 Shale; like unit 20. Fine sandstone beds 30 to 60 cm thick every 1.5 m in the lower 6 13 232 37 Sandstone; like unit 31..., ...... 4 236 301

A B C

38 SCREE. Mostly light-greenish-gray shale in between dolerite blocks 27 253

39 Shale; like unit 20. Occasional beds up to 1.8 m thick of light-gray friable medium sandstone ...... - 18 281 Sample IJJ129 IS m Ss. 40 Sandstone; like unit 31...... 0.9 282

41 Sandstone, uery-light-gray (w/greenish gray and with pink bands), medium-grained... 2.4 284 Sample U/130 1.8 m Ss. 42 Shale; like unit 20 13 298

43 Sandstone, white, coarse-grained, quartzose, friable. A few small quartz pebbles.. 4 302 - gradational contact - 43 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile ..... 8 310 Sample IJ1132 5 m Fine ss.

DOLERITE SILL to top of peak 105 m higher. Peak is 2.3 km north of lYlt. Levi. Thickness of Fremouw Form ation...... 310+ m

Section U/2. About 800 m west of col between the head of the north arm of the Wahl Glacier and the the T illite Glacier. Sequence dips to 135° ( true) at 60°. Elevation about 2100 m (map est.). Position 83° 59.7' S: 165° 54' E.

Buckley? Formation DOLERITE, at least 15 m thick, chilled contact.

1 Shale, dark-gray, baked...... 3 3

2 Sandstone, gray (w/greenish gray), ..fine­ grained ...... 2.4 5 Sample W201 2.1 m Ss. 3 Shale, coaly, brecciated. Zone of intense shearing ...... 0.9 6 Thickness of Buckley? F o r m a tio n ...... 6+ m 302

Fremouw? Formation

Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/pinkish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, massive,. 2.4 2 Sample U/202 base Ss. - erosion surface - Sandstone, white, coarse-grained, quartzose, cross-bedded. Quartz oebbles mostly about 1 cm with some up to 2 cm across common along bedding planes. Discoidal fine sand­ stone fragments up to 5 cm across in lower SO cm...... 3 10 Sample W203 4 m Quartz ss.

Thickness of Fremouw? Formation ...... 10+ m

m i. PflACKELLAR AREA Section lYlO, End of long ridge 10 km north-northwest of lYIt. iïlackelïar. Elevation at base of section about 2050 m (mao e st.). Position 3 3 0 5 4 , 3 ' s; ISSO 19* E,

Mackellar Formation

S.MO'JI, Shale, dark-gray to black, sandy, laminated, 2 to 5 cm beds of light-gray fine sandstone every 50 cm or so. Several 2 to 15 cm limestone beds. Strong cleavage dios to 1900 (true) at lOO...... 12 12

Sandstone, white to greenish-gray, fine­ grained, fissile , thin- to medium-bedded. Thin beds of dark shale make up about ^ of the unit. One or two geodes, 30 to 50-cm thick and 50 to 150 cm across, with calcite crystals in center ...... 9 21 Sample ^002 5 cm White ss. Sample M003 35 cm Green-gray ss. Sample M004 52 cm Light-gray ss, Samole filOOS 75 cm Limestone, Snale, black. Some beds of sandstone 30 to 50 cm thick in upper part of u n it 13 34 - gradational contact - 303

Sandstone, greenish-gray (w/same or brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive to flaggy. Lensoid bed of white sandstone from 0 to 3 m thick at 8 m. Channel strikes at from 145 to 185° ( true) ...... 21 55 Sample M006 1.8 m Ss. Sample MOOT 5m Ss. Sample iïiOOS 8 m Ss from channel. Sample î\l009 18 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-greenish gray, very-fine­ grained, fissile. At 30 cm there is a layer of dropped pebbles, mainly granitic and uo to 23 cm across. Strongly depressed laminae below the largest clast. No striae observed, but 2 pebbles appeared to have been facetted, one with a fla t uoper surface 12 cm across. Trails 3 mm wide just below the pebble horizon, 'i/hole unit lenses out in 9 m...... 0.9 56 - gradational contact - Shale, black, with a few thin beds of fine, fissile sandstone ...... 3 59 DOLERITE SILL, concordant, 110 m thick.

Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated.. 13 72 Sample MOll 6 m Ss. - sharp contact -

Thickness of iïlackelïar Formation ...... 72+ m

Fairchild Formation

- sharp contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, flaggy, microcross­ laminated or parallel- or cross-bedded ...... 9 9

Top of third knob from end of ridge. 304

A B C

Section Hfll. Base of middle buttress leading up to snow platform below west face of lYlt. Mackellar. Elevation at top of dolerite sill about 2350 m (mao e st,). Position 83° 56.6' S; 156° 29' E.

iïlackelïar Formation GLACIER ICE. DOLERITE SILL, 120 m thick.

1 Shale, dark-gray ...... 3 3 - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray or reddish), fine-grained, fissile, microcross­ laminated. 'J/hite limestone beds up to 30 cm thick at 4, 6, and 9 m. Massive sandstone beds like unit 1 of the Fairchild Formation but 30 to 60 cm thick at 31 and 33 ...... 34 37 Sample iïllOl 2.1 m Fine ss. Sample iïil02 30 m Fine ss. Sample iï!103 31 m Fine to medium ss. - gradational contact - Thickness of iïlackelïar Formation 37+ m

Fairchild Formation 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive to thin-bedded. Stringers of gray (w/greenish gray) fissile very-fine sandstone 0.3 to 1 m thick at 2.4, 5, 7, 3, and 9 m. From 11 to 15 m about 20^ of the sequence consists of white calcareous beds up to 60 cm thick. Shale fragments abundant at 37 48 43 Sample iïll04 0.3 m Tedium ss. Sample M105 22 m Tedium ss. Sample iïll06 37 m Medium ss. 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile ...... 1.8 50 - gradational contact - 3 Shale, dark-gray. A few light-gray laminae, 5 55 - erosion surface - 305

Sandstone, white to light-gray, medium- grained, cross-bedded, massive. A few discoidal mudstone fragments up to 30 cm across in lower 8 m. Shale fragments at several levels ...... 70 125 Sample ifilO? 1.8 m Ss. Sample MIOS 42 m Ss. Sample M109 65m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile,, ...... 7 131 - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, massive...... 5 135 Sample IKlllO base Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, microcrosslaminated. Dark shale becomes common in upper pa rt ...... 12 147 Sample IKllll 2.7 m Ss. - erosion surface -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation 147 m

Suckley Formation

- erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, quartzose. A l i t t l e quartz g rit in lower 30 cm and lenses of quartz pebbles, mostly 1 cm with some up to 3 cm across, at 9, 11, and 13 IS 18 Sample [ÏI112 0.9 m Ss. Sample M113 9 m Ss. Sample IÏ1114 10 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile ...... 3 21 - erosion surface - Sandstone, white to light-gray, medium- grained, cross-bedded. Laminae and stringers up to 30 cm thick of light-gray fissile fine occur above 2 m. Quartz pebbles in scat­ tered lenses ...... 6 27 306

Sample M115 0.5 m Ss. Sample IÏ1116 1.2 m Quartz pebbly ss. - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray grading up into light-gray (u/greenish gray), microcrosslaminated ...... 1.8 29 - erosion surface - Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/greenish gray), medium-grained, with fine sandstone stringers ...... 0.9 20 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/dark greenish gray), fine-grained, microcrosslaminated. Coarse sandy horizon at 3 m with quartz pebbles up to 8 cm across and one or two granitic and metasedimentary clasts. Quartz grit sprinkled through underlying bed of shaly sandstone 10 40 Sample iïlllo 2 m Limestone? from 15 cm lens. Sample mil? 3 m Pebbly shaly ss. - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray, medium- to coarse­ grained, quartzose, with green-gray laminae and stringers up to 30 cm thick 7 47 Sample f/lllS 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile ...... 2.1 49 DOLERITE SILL, 100 m to highest point of s ill. Joints indicate that upper surface dips to the southwest at 30°.

Thickness of Buckley Formation 49+ m

Section m2. Northwest-trending ridge extending from end of snow platform below west face of mt. Mackellar, 6.3 km northwest of the summit. Elevation at base of section about 2250 m (mao e st.). Position 830 5 5 .3 1 5 . 1 5 5 0 2 2 ' E.

mackellar Formation DOLERITE SILL, same as that at base of iKll. 307

A 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, nicrocrosslaminated. Dark shale laminae common 30 30 - gradational contact -

Thickness of iïlackelïar Formation ...... 30+ m

Fairchild Formation 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded, massive. Some microcrosslaminated horizons near top 129 129 - erosion surface -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation 129 m

Suckley Formation - erosion surface - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Hell-rounded quartz pebbles, mostly 1 to 3 cm across, at 5, 11 (here up to 12 cm across), and 13 m. Occasional pebbles of metasedimentary and acid? volcanic rocks at 11 m ...... 15 15 Sample M201 11 m Non-quartz pebbles and slab of conglomerate. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), fine-grained, microcrosslaminated 4 19 - gradational contact - 3 Shale, gray 5 23 - erosion surface - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Quartz pebbles up to 8 cm across common. Light- and dark-green shaly laminae and stringers common 5 28 Sample M202 0.5 m Ss. Sample M203 4 m Calcareous? ss. - oradational contact - 308

A 3 5 Shale, gray (w/green to black in places). A few thin beds of microcrosslaminated light- gray fine sandstone ...... 8 36 Sample M204 4 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Several bedding surfaces have stem impressions...... 0.9 37 - gradational contact - 7 Shale, gray. A few thin beds of microcrcss- laminated, fine sandstone...... 4 41 - gradational contact - 3 Coal, shaly. Persists for at least 300 m, though it thins and gets less coaly ...... 0.6 42 - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Laminae and stringers of green-gray fine sandstone...... 7 43 Sample 1T1205 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 10 Shale, gray ...... 4 52

Thickness of Suckley Formation...... 52+ m The section was continued along the ridge and up towards the snow platform. Beyond 37 m of dolerite and sandstone scree the beds dip at 45° toward 240° (true), and the first two units are cut by several brecciated zones. Rocks of similar lithology 3 km east of Fairchild Peak, and 15 km to the south (W2), have also been tectonically disturbed. The beds are numbered and described in the order in which they were encountered, though the possi­ bility of inliers of younger strata is recognized. The beds are not assigned to a formation. 1 Sandstone, white, medium- to coarse-grained, hard, quartzose. Quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across common. Several partially recemented breccia zones ...... 20 20 Sample M206 0.6 m Quartz ss. Sample m206A Ss breccia. Samble M207 12 m Ss. 309

A ■ B

2 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained. Stringers of fine sandstone up to 30 cm thick. Locally brecciated 12 32 Sample iïî207A 3 m Ss. DOLERITE, finger extends down from dolerite- capped knob. 3 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded, quartzose. Fine sandstone stringers up to 30 cm thick.. 12 44 Sample M208 0,5 m Ss. DOLERITE, about 5 m across, like exposure between units 2 and 3. 4 Shale, black, coaly 3 47 - sharp contact - 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium- tp coarse-grained, quartzose ...... 5 . 52 Sample 1Ï12Q9 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, microcrosslaminated. A few greenish- gray shale laminae and thin stringers 11 63 Sample 1Ï1210 5 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 7 Shale, dark-gray ...... 1.5 64

DOLERITE, 5 m thick.

8 Shale, dark-gray ...... 0.9 65 gradational contact - 9 Claystone, white (w/light brown)...... 7 72 Sample M211 4 m 'Jhite clayst. 10 Coal, sh a ly ...... 1.5 74 11 Sandstone, light-oray, medium-grained. Dips at 35° toward 135^ ( t r u e ) ...... 3 77 12 Claystone, light-gray (w/light brown) ...... 1.8 79

DOLERITE SILL, 5 m thick. 13 Claystone; like unit 12 ...... 2.4 32 - sharo contact - 310

A B C

14 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained.. 2.4 54 Sample M212 1.8 m Ss. 15 Claystone, very-light-gray (w/light brown), and dark-gray shale in 0,3 to 1 m units..... 4 88 - sharp contact - 16 Sandstone, very-light-gray, fine- to medium- grained ...... 2.7 91 - gradational contact - 17 Shale, light-gray (w/light brown) and some dark-gray, in 15 to 90 cm units. Coal from 1 to 3 m. Lenses of shaly coal 0.3 to 1 m thick between 9 and 15 m 37 127

DOLERITE SILL, 50 m thick. 18 Shale, very-light-gray (w/light brown) and dark-gray...... 6 133

DOLERITE SILL, 45 m thick. 19 Shale, black, coaly ...... 0.9 134 20 Sandstone, fine-grained, fissile ...... 1.8 135 21 Shale, light-gray (w/light brown) and dark- gray, coaly shale from 14 to 15 m and from 24 to 30 m. Above 24 m shale weathers greenish- gray where not coaly 37 173

22 SCREE...... , 18 191 23 Shale, dark-gray to black, about 30^ of the unit coaly ...... 15 206

DOLERITE SILL, 9 m thick. 24 Sandstone, white (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, hard, quartzose. Quartz grit and pebbles up to 1 cm across common. One or two fine sandstone stringers 30 cm thick...... 9 215 Sample M213 1.8 m Ss. - gradational contact - 25 Shale, light-greenish-brown 9 224 Sample 1YI214 9 m Shale. - slumoed contact - 311

a

25 Sandstone; like unit 24 ...... 17 242 Sample M215 0.6 m Ss. Sample ffi215 15 m Ss. 27 Shale, light-greenish-gray ...... 3 245 - slumped contact - 28 Sandstone; like unit 24 ...... 15 260 Sample IÏI217 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - 29 Shale, light-greenish-gray. A feu 30 cm beds of light-greenish-gray, medium sandstone.... 9 269 Sample IÏÎ21S 5 m Medium ss.

30 Shale, dark-gray. A feu thin stringers of green-gray fine sandstone. Coaly shale from 1.8 to 3 ...... 12 281

DOLERITE, coarse scree, sill?. Units described after unit 20 are exoosed on the north­ west slope leading up to the snou olatform belou the west face of iyit. Mackellar. There is an extensive scree slope across a 90-m-uide steep snou slope northeast of the measured section. Its foot is at the same level as unit 20 and there an inclined dolerite sheet crops out. The scree slooe extends up an estimated ISO m to cliffs of dolerite that form the western edge of the snow platform. Exposures found in place in the scree were of dark shale and light-gray medium sandstone. The tip of a Glossopteris leaf was found in scree 60 m below the upoer dolerite cliffs, The following samples were collected from exposures in place. Distances are approximate and are given in meters above the base of the scree slope. Sample IÏI219 90 m Ss. Sample IY1220 150 m Ss. Sample IÏ1221 180 m Ss. Sample M222 230 m Ss.

Section IÏI3. South-facing ridge 4.8 km north-northwest of Pagoda Peak. Elevation at base of section about 2200 m (mao e st.). Position 830 54.3 » s; 155° 35' E. Mackellar Formation 1 Shale, black 4 4 312

- gradational contact - 2 Shale, black, in 60 to 90 cm beds, with hard green-gray fine sandstone in 15 to 30 cm beds. Sandstone beds stretched in places 5 9 Sample IÏ1301 1,5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 3 Shale, dark-gray to black. Thin beds of microcrosslaminated fine sandstone become common in upper part of u n it 5 14 - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone, fine-grained, hard, microcross­ laminated, in beds from 10 to 35 cm thick, interbedded with green-gray sandy shale in beds 12 to 25 cm thick. Thin white calcare­ ous beds common in upper half of u n it 6 20 Sample IÏ13G2 1.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 5 Shale, dark-gray to black, sandy, with thin beds of microcrosslaminated gray fine sand­ stone. 30-cm-thick calcareous bed at 6 m... 15 35 Sample Ü1303 7 m Shale. Sample IÏI304 7 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - 6 Sandstone, gray (w/dark reddish brown), fine­ grained, microcrosslaminated, in 8 to 50 cm beds, interbedded with 3 to 15 cm beds of gray sandy shale. Shale becomes more common towards the top ...... 15 51 Sample IÏI305 5 m Part in limestone lens. Top of sample is 9 inches above base of 30-cm-thick lens. Sample M306 5 m Top 12 cm of limestone lens. - gradational contact - 7 Shale, dark-gray to black ...... 1.5 53 - slumped contact - 3 Sandstone, greenish-gray, medium-grained, massive-bedded, hard. Several subspherical concretions several feet across ...... 25 78 Sample iïl307 0.6 m Ss. Sample iY1308 12 m Ss. Sample M309 25 m Ss. - erosion surface - 313

A B C 9 Sandstone, gray, fine-grained, f i s s i l e ...... 0.5 79 - gradational contact - 10 Shale, dark-gray (w/greenish gray), sandy, with thin interbeds of light-gray micro- crosslaminated fine sandstone ...... S 86

DOLERITE SILL, about 200 m thick.

Thickness of iïlackellar Formation ...... 86 + m

Section IY14-, Ridge leading from T illite Glacier to knob 9.2 km northwest of !Ylt. Tflackellar on ridge running from fflackellar to Fairchild Peak, Elevation at base of section about 2100 m (mao est.). Position 83° 55.3' S; 156° 10' E.

SNOW. DOLERITE SILL, at least 30 m thick.

Thickness of Mackeller Formation above s ill. 27 m Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 128 m Buckley Formation - erosion surface -

1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded,with quartz grit and pebbles mostly about 1 cm across common in lower 60 cm. From 2.4 to 3.3 m well- rounded quartz pebbles, mostly about 2 cm with some up to 25 cm across, are abundant.. 3 3 Sample ffI400 Ss from 2.7 m below base of unit. Sample M401 0.6 m Ss. Sample IT1402 3 m Pebbly ss. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, rather fissile, cross-bedded ...... 5 8 Sample iïl403 2.7 m Ss. - gradational contact - 3 Shale, dark-gray, a few sandy layers...... 5 13 - slumoed contact - 314

4 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, cross- bedded. Common quartzose gritty and pebbly layers. Thin light-gray and greenish-gray fine sandstone stringers, microcross­ laminated in places ...... 4 17 - gradational contact -

5 Sandstone, light-gray (uz/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated. Tinor shale, and medium sandstone beds less than 50 cm thick. A lens of quartz grit occurs at 7 m, and quartz pebbles up to 5 cm across occur in a band at S m. Surfaces from S to 9 m have uell-exposed symmetrical asymmetrical and cuspate ripples with wave­ lengths of about 10 cm. Trails 1 or 2 mm wide and borings are common also. At 9 m there is the base of a 12-m-thick coarse quartzose channel sandstone with mudstone fragments in its lower 30 cm. Channel direction is 215° (true) 10 27 Sample Ü1404 8 m Ss with burrows. Sample M404A 8 m Ss with ripplemarks and tra ils. Sample IÏ1405 9 m S s. - gradational contact - 5 Sandstone, gray,, fine-grained, fissile , microcrosslaminated ...... 1.8 29 - gradational contact - 7 Coal ...... 0.6 30 - slumped contact - 8 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained. J\[o quartz pebbles...... 4 34 - gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, gray (w/greenish gray), fine­ grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated ...... 3 37 - slumped contact - 10 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded ...... 1.8 39 Sample M406 0.3 m Ss. - gradational oontact - 11 Shale, gray (w/oreenish gray), sandy. Thin coaly shale at 0.9, 1.5, and 9 m, and thin lenses of medium sandstone at 0.6, 5 and 6 m 9 48 - sharo contact - 315

12 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. A few dark- gray shaly stringers up to 30 cm thick ...... IB 6 6 Sample M407 0.9 m Ss. Sample 1Y140B 13 m Ss.

Surface about 30 m across overlain by about 6 m of a melange of brecciated friable sandstone and gray coaly shale. Above this is a knob of dolerite. Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 55+ m

Section iïlB. North-facing slope of nunatak in lower part of Tillite Glacier, 16 km northwest of iïlt, Tackellar, Elevation about 2000 m (map est.). Position B30 51.S' S; 155° 55' E.

Buckley Formation

SNOW. 1 Shale, dark-gray, sandy. One or two coaly beds. Dips at 45° toward 120° (tru e ) 9 9 2 Sandstone, very-light-gray, fins- to medium- grained, fissile ...... 4 13 Sample [Ï1501 0.6 m Ss. 3 Shale, dark-gray to black, coaly above 2.4 ...... 6 19

4 Shale, very-light-gray (w/light brown), 30 cm coal seam at 4 3 26 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray, fins- to medium- grained 3 29 Sample M502 2.7 m Ss. 6 Shale, very-light-gray 5 34 7 Sheared zone including a ll above lithologies. Dips at 75° toward 110° (true)... 21 55 Sample M503 Ss, coarse-grained, quart­ zose from top of ridge. Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 55+ m 316

mi. MILLER

Section ZO. Southeast face of Mt. Miller, Section begins with uppermost bed of Pagoda Formation. Elevation at base of Mackellar Formation about 2700 m (map e st.). Position 33° 22.4' 5; 155° 49' E.

Shale,- gray, sandy, with rare pebbles up to 5 cm across. Horizon of calcareous concre­ tionary lenses in upper 30 cm, - sharp contact -

Mackellar Formation 1 Shale, dark-gray (w/black), finely lamin­ ated. Shale fragments mostly 0.5 cm with some uo to 1 cm across in lower 30 cm. - gradational contact - Shale, greenish-gray, sandy, in beds 5 to 3 cm thick, alternates with medium-gray micro­ crosslaminated fine sandstone in beds 2 to 5 cm thick ...... 0.9 6 Sample ZOOl 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray (w/greenish gray or black). 4 10 Sample Z002 0.6 m Limestone from 10-cm- thick bed. Shale, gray (w/greenish gray), sandy, in 0.6m beds. In the lower 10 m shale a lte r­ nates with medium-gray fine sandstone in 30 cm thick beds. Basal contact on thicker sandstones sharp; contacts on thinner sand­ stones grade ...... 21 31 - sharp contact - Sandstone, lioht- to medium-gray (w/light reddish brown), fins- to medium-grained, microcrosslaminated. A few ripple marks and parting lineation. Thin dark shale stringers every 0.5 m or so. Becomes shaly in upper 2m . A few trails about 2 mm wide on upper surface ...... 18 49 Sample Z004 base Ss. Sample Z005 11 m Ss. - oradational contact - 317

S C Shale, dark-gray (w/black up to 5 m and greenish gray up to 13 m), finely lamin­ ated. Above 13 m 2- to S-cm-thick beds of microcrosslaminated medium-gray (w/greenish gray) fine sandstone appear, and shale be­ comes sandy ...... '...... 21 70 - sharo contact -

Thickness of Mackellar Formation ...... 70 m

Fairchild Formation

Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, massive and indis­ tinctly laminated generally, but locally crcross-bedded. Microcrosslaminated in lo ower 0.5 m. from 16 to 17 m. and above 122 m. Mudstone or fine sandstone fragments, mostly about*=Koii4- 3 cmorrt with HIT f h SOîTlB Up'D to 30 H cmo m across, at f IS m, 35 m, 100 m. 105 m., and 125 m. A few gray limestone fragments up to about 15 cm across at 13 m and 27 m. Plant stem iraores- sion 3 cm across at 116 m. 136 136 Sample Z013 IS m S s . Sample Z014 37 m S s . Sample ZQ15 55 ;.m S s. Sample Z016 73 m S s . Sample Z017 91 m S s . Sample Z018 109 m S s. Sample Z019 127 m S s. Sample Z020 136 m Ss. - erosion surface - Thickness of Fairchild Formation 136 ^ m

Buckley Formation

- erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Lower 1.2 m contains stringers of well-rounded quartz pebbles mostly about 1 cm across. A few thin stringers of microcrosslaminated fine sandstone...... 17 17 Sample Z021 0.3 m Ss. Sample Z022 0.3 m Quartz pebbly ss. Sample Z023 15 m Ss. 318

A S C

- çradationsl contact - 2 Sandstone, very-light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, fissile ...... 18 35

Sample Z024 6 m Ss. Sample ZQ24A 17 m Ss.

DOLERITE SILL, 250 m thick. NOTE; Units 3 through to 7 are poorly exposed in scree slope.

3 Shale, dark-gray, and fins sandstone (w/ greenish black). A feu 60-cm-thick beds of medium- to dark-gray medium sandstone 9 45 Sample Z025 1.8 m Fine ss. Sample Z025 5 m Medium calcareous? ss. 4 Sandstone, light-oray (u/lioht reddish broun), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross- bedded 18 63 5 Shale, dark-gray (u/oreenish gray), end fine sandstone 9 72 5 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray, fine­ grained, fissile ...... 5 77 7 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/reddish broun), medium-grained 11 S3 Sample Z027 1.2 m Ss.

DOLERITE SILL, 220 m thick. 3 Sandstone, very-light-gray (u/lioht reddish broun), medium- to coarse-grained, massive.. 4 92 Sample Z02B 3 m Ss. 9 SCREE 27 119 10 Mudstone, dark-gray, laminated...... 0.9 120 - sharp contact - 11 Sandstone, very-light-gray (u/lioht reddish broun), medium- to coarse-grained, cross­ bedded 11 131 Sample Z029 base Ss. 12 SNOU 5 135 319

A B C

13 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish and light greenish gray), medium-grained. Thin stringers of microcrosslaminatsd fine sand­ stone ...... 5 142 - gradational contact - 14 Shale, black ...... 1.5 144 - slumped contact - 15 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained. Some thin stringers of fine greenish-gray sandstone., ...... 5 150 Sample Z030 1.8 m Ss. - gradational contact - 15 Shale, black, laminated ...... 0.9 151

17 SCREE...... 2.7 154

13 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, massive...... 0.9 155

19 SCREE AND SNO'.U...... 30 185 20 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish and reddish gray), fine-grained, massive. Some vague microcrosslamination. A few thin greenish-oray fissile stringers, ^ell- rounded quartz pebbles mostly about 0.5 cm to 4 cm across at 3 m ...... 7 192 Sample Z031 0.5 m Ss. Sample Z032 7 m Ss. - gradational contact - 21 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray), fine-grained, medium-bedded. Several cross-bedded units 50 to GO cm thick of white medium sandstone, and thin stringers of dark shale. Some microcrosslamination in shale and fine sandstone. A few trails about 2 mm across at 20 m. Dark shale (w/light and dark greenish gray) from 35 to 35 m and from 37 to 38 m... 42 234 Sample Z033 20 m Fine ss. Sample Z034 40 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 22 Shale, gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), sandy, finely laminated 9 243 - gradational contact - 320

A • B 23 Sandstone, gray, fine-grained, fissile. A feuj thin shale stringers, rfiicrocross- lamination ...... S 249 24 SCREE...... 24 273

25 Shale, gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), laminated, with a few beds from 30 to 120 cm thick of massive medium sandstone 14 287 - gradational contact - 25 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Thin shale stringers every ..few fe e t...... 15 302 Sample Z035 2.4 m Ss. - gradational contact - 27 Shale, greenish-gray, laminated ...... 0.6 303 - sharp contact - 28 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained ...... 0.3 303 29 Shale, gray (w/light and dark greenish gray) 2.4 305 - gradational contact - 30 Sandstone, light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, microcrosslaminated ...... 2.7 303 Sample Z036 2.4 m Ss. - gradational contact - 31 Shale, gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), laminated. Thin microcrosslaminated fine sandstone stringers. A few copralites about 4 mm across on bedding su rfa c e s... 11 319 - sharp contact - 32 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Quartz g rit and a few pebbles in upper 30 cm 8 325 Sample Z037 1.8 m Ss. 33 SWOl’...... 15 341

34 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light pinkish gray), medium-grained,medium-bedded. Dark shale fragments mostly about 5 cm across from 2.7 to 4 ...... 8 349 Sample ZQ33 1.8 m Ss. - oradational contact - 321

35 ['fludstone, medium-gray (m/light gray), var- void lamination in places. Some fine sand­ stone stringers 30 cm thick. Coaly shale from 1.2 to 1.5 5 355 Sample Z039 l.S m Varvoid mudstone. - erosion surface - 35 Sandstone, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/light pinkish gray), medium-grained. A few mud­ stone fragments about 3 cm across in lower 30 cm. Carbonaceous shale fragments and plant stems up to 30 cm across are common above 17 m. Below this the sandstone is horizontally laminated; above there are low angle crossbeds. .Tisdium-gray mudstone bed from 13 to 14 m...... * 37 392

NOTE; Sandstone similar to that of unit 36 continues up another 60 m to the dolerite sill that is the highest rock exposed on the southeast face of Mt. Miller. Precipitous cliffs formed by the sand­ stone of unit 35 prevented its examination.

Sample Z040 0.6 m Ss. Sample Z041 9 m Ss. Sample Z042 19 m Ss. Sample Z043 25 m Ss. Thickness of Buckley Form ation...... 450+ m

BUNKER cm Section Z2. Low ridge extending out southwards from the foot of Clarkson Peak. Elevation about 2000 m (mao est.). Position 83° 20.5' S; 164°' 28' E.

Buckley Formation DOLERITE SILL, at least 30 m thick on west side; top almost level with neve on east sice of ridge.

1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown or greenish gray), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. One or two calcareous concre­ tions up to 3 m long and 0.5 m across. A sill 60 cm thick at 2.4 m...... 12 12 Sample Z201 1.3 m Ss. - sharo contact - 322

A B C

2 Shale, gray (m/greenish gray), sandy 5 15 - slumped contact - 3 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. 4 20 Sample Z202 0.5 m Ss. Sample Z203 2.4 m Medium-gray calcareous ss, from bed 60 cm thick. 4 Shale, greenish-gray. Fissile fine sand­ stone 0.5 m thick at 4 m 5 .25

DOLERITE SILL, about 90 m thick.

NOTE; Section continued about 1 mils north at base of steep dolerite ridge leading up toward Clarkson Peak. DOLERITE SILL, same as that which overlies unit 4. 5 Shale, light-gray (w/greenish gray), sandy. Some thin beds of fissile fine sandstone... 5 30 / 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Calcareous from 9 to 11 m. Shaly from 7 to 9 m 14 44 Sample Z204 10 m Calcareous ss. Sample Z205 11 m Ss. - gradational contact - 7 Shale, light-gray (w/greenish gray), sandy.. 5 49 DOLERITE SILL, about 240 m thick. Thickness of Buckley Formation (includes thickness from upper part of section Z3 which directly underlies the same dolerite sill that is below unit 1 from this section (Z2)...... 120+ m

Section Z3. South wall of Bunker Cwm, 3.5 km northwest of Clarkson Peak. Section begins with highest two beds of the Pagoda Formation, Elevation at base of section about 1550 m (map e s t.). Position 93° 18.3' S; 154° 23' E. Sandstone, light-gray, poorly sorted. Scat­ tered osbbles uo to 1 0 cm across. 323

- gradational contact- Shale, gray (w/dark greenish gray), sandy. Rare pebbles up to 5 cm across in lower 30 cm or so. - gradational contact -

Mackellar Formation - gradational contact -

Shale, dark-gray (w/black), laminated. Sill 30 cm thick at 0.5 m. Becomes sandy in uooer 3 m...... 12 12 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/greenish gray or light brown), fine-grained, fissile, laminated. In the upper 5 m or so there are linguoid ripples up to 35 cm across, and wandering trails about 2 mm wide are common. 13 25 Sample Z301 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - ' Sandstone, light-gray (w/light brown), fine-, to medium-grained, microcrosslaminated. A few thin dark shaly stringers ...... 9 34 Sample Z302 4 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, flaggy. Upper 30 cm microcrosslaminated...... 2.7 37 Sample Z303 2.7 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, medium-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile...... 1.5 39 - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray (w/dark greenish gray or black), laminated ...... 12 51 - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray, in beds 20 to 40 cm thick, alternates with cray fine sandstone in beds 10 to 30 cm thick ...... 4 55 - erosion surface - Thickness of Mackellar Formation 55 m 324

C

Fairchild Formation

- erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray (u/light reddish brown or greenish gray), mediun-grained, fissile in places. Discoidal shale fragments mostly 1 cm across in lower 30 cm. Cross-bedded above 4 m. Channel 2.4 m wide and 0.5 m deep at 5 m; another 0.3 m deep at 5 m. Bedding laps onto channel sides. A few thin dark shale stringers in lower 12 m...... 24 24 Sample Z304 m Ss. Sample Z305 m Ss. Samole Z305 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown or greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, fissile. Broad scours about 5 m across and 30 cm deep ...... 31 - gradational contact - Sandstone, medium-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile. Linguoid ripple marks...... 39 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, in beds 2 to 5 cm thick, separated by beds of laminated fins sandstone of simi­ lar thickness. One thin bed has well- developed slump folds. 7any of the coarser beds have bulbous load casts about 1 cm deep. At the base most of these are elongate with a strike roughly perpendicular to the current direction of the beds beneath. Sole-marked units seem to grade laterally into laminated beds over about 5 m. Fiost load casts are symmetrical but several lean to the south. Some laminated units have surfaces within them containing ripple marks with a 1.5 cm wave length and a height of 2 mm...... 43 Sample Z307 1.3 m Ss. - sharp contact - Shale, gray (w/dark gray or greenish gray). Cray fine- to medium-grained sandstone from 0.9 to 1.3 m. islicrocfcsslaminatibn and sole-marks like those described from unit 11 325

are common, -iludcracks were found on a sur­ face in the scree. Gritty bed 30 cm thick extends for at least 100 m laterally at 9 m. 15 58 Sample Z30B 9 m Gritty ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light gray or light reddish brown), medium-grained, cross­ bedded. Forms prominent bluffs. Channel 1.5 m deep at 53 m with shale fragments, mostly 1 cm with some up to 5 cm across, in channel f i l l . Another scour about this level is 5 m wide and 1 m d e e o .... 85 143 Sample Z309 2.4 m Ss. Sample Z310 a m Ss. Sample Z311 29 m Ss. Sample Z312 53 m Uhite ss with fragmen ts. Sample Z313 82 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/light gray or light reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Thin, dark shale stringers, and a few brown ovoid concretionary structures about 3x2x1 m. Unit forms slopes gentler than unit 6 ... 32 17 5 Sample Z314 15 m Ss. Sample Z315 31 m Ss. - erosion surface - Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 175 m

Buckley Formation

- erosion surface - Sandstone, white to light-oray, medium- to coarse-grained. Quartz pebbles up to 3 cm across form discontinuous lenses ...... 0 . 6 Sample Z316 0.5 m Gritty quartz ss.

Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile ...... 0.3 - sharp contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, cross-bedded, massive ...... 1 0 1 1 Sample Z317 5 m Ss. - oradational contact - 326

8 C

Sandstone, light-gray (o/light greenish gray), medium-grained, f i s s i l e 3 19 - gradational contact - Shale, gray (u/light and dark greenish gray), microcrosslaminatsd, sandy 8 27 - erosion surface - Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/greenish gray), medium-grained, cross-bedded. Con­ tains stringers of uell-rounded quartz pebbles, mostly 3 cm uiith some up to 13 cm across, every 0.3 to 1 m in the louer 8 m of the unit. About 800 m south at the south entrance of the cum the base of this unit is marked by a pebble conglomerate 50 cm thick (Z322) 19 46

Sample Z318 l.S m Ss. Sample Z319 18 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (u/light greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile. Greenish- gray shale stringers common 15 SO Sample Z320 14 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale, gray (u/greenish gray), sandy. A feu thin fine sandstone beds 5 55

\ DOLERITE SILL, about 240 m thick. Same as the s ill belou unit 1 in section Z2. Thickness of Buckley Formation (including the overlying beds of section Z2) ...... 116+ m

iïlT. RGPAR AREA Section RO. Northeast-facing slope 1.1 km north- northeast of flit. Ropar. Elevation at bass of section about 2050 m (mao e s t.). Position 85° 57.3' S; 160° 30' E. NOTE: Dolerite blocks cover the feu m of slope betueen the glacier ice and the bass of unit 1. A dolerite sill occupies this oosition 300 m to the east. 327

A B C Buckley Formation

1 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/very light gray), coarse-grained, medium- to thick-bedded, cross-bedded. Becomes fine- to medium-grained in upper part of u n it 1 0 1 0 Sample ROOl 0.9 m Coarse ss. - gradational contact - 2 Coal, dull, banded 1.4 12 - sharp contact - 3 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/very light gray), fine-grained, blocky 1.7 13 - gradational contact - 4 Shale, black (ir/medium to light gray), coaly in places 1.4 15 - slumped contact - 5 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/uery light gray or light reddish broun), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky, parallel- and cross­ bedding. Becomes finer in upper p a r t ...... 2.3 17 Sample R002 1.2 ra Ss. - gradational contact -

6 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (u/greenish gray), shaly, laminated 2.3 19 - slumped contact - 7 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/uery light gray), fine- to medium-grained, blocky. Green­ ish-gray laminae common 2.3 22 - gradational contact -

8 Siltstone; like unit 5 ...... 3 25 - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/very light gray, light reddish broun or less commonly yellouish broun), medium- to coarse­ grained, thick-bedded ...... 10 35 - gradational contact - 10 Shale, dark-gray (u/light to dark gray), locally coaly. Light-gray sand laminae and thin beds common..!.... 1.4 36 - sharp contact - 328

A a C

11 Sandstone; like unit 9 ...... 1.2 38 - gradational contact - 12 Shale, black (lu/same). A feu light-gray sandy laminae...... 2.3 40 - sharp contact - 13 Sandstone; like unit 9. Upper part micro­ crosslaminated ...... 3 43 - gradational contact - 14 Shale; like unit 12 ...... 1.2 44 - sharp contact - 15 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/very light gray, light reddish broun or less commonly yellouish broun), medium- to coarse-grained, thick-bedded. Gritty quartzose lenses in the louer part; upper part microcrosslaminated ...... 8 52 Sample R003 0.9 m Coarse ss. - gradational contact - 16 Shale; like unit 12 ...... 0.3 52 - sharp contact - 17 Sandstone, medium-gray (u/uhite), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky, garnet common ...... 0.9 53 Sample R0Q4 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - IB Shale, black (u/same), papery ...... 0.3 54 - sharp contact - 19 Sandstone; like unit 17 ...... 0.3 54 - gradational contact - 20 Shale, dark-gray (u/same). Coal in upper 1 m or so ...... 4 57 - sharp contact - 21 Sandstone, light-oray (u/same), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky, cross-bedded. Lenses of quartzose feldspachic grit uith subrounded pebbles up to 1 cm across. Garnet common. Concretionary structures 1 to 3 m across. Grades into fine sandstone in upper 1 m 3 60 - gradational contact - 329

A B C 22 Shale, black (w/same), papery. Very sandy in lower 0.5 m...... 1.7 52 - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone; like unit 21. Dark shale stringer 0.5 m thick at 4 m...... 6 58 - gradational contact - 24 Shale; like unit 22 ...... 0.5 69 - sharp contact - 25 Sandstone, light-gray (w/mainly very light gray, but yellowish brown in lower part), medium-grained, blocky, cross-bedded ...... 2.5 71 - gradational contact - 25 Shale; like unit 22 ...... 3 74 - sharp contact - 27 Sandstone; like unit 21...... 1.7 76 - gradational contact - 23 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/white), very-fine­ grained, with thin subordinate dark shale beds and laminae ...... 1,4 78 - gradational contact - 29 Shale; like unit 22 ...... 2.5 80 - sharp contact - 30 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/white), fine- to medium-grained. Greenish-gray laminae and microcrosslaminated stringers common. A few burrows about 5 mm a cro ss.... 1.7 82 - gradational contact - 31 Shale, black (w/same), with subordinate light-gray microcrosslaminated fine and very fine sandstone beds from 1 to 2 m thick. Shale contains several 5-cm-thick coal beds. 11 93

32 Coal, mainly bright, banded, with black shale beds in lower 50 cm ...... 3 95 Sample 8005 3 m Coal. - sharp contact - 33 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/medium oray and light reddish brown), shaly in the lower part but coarser and with fine sandy layers in the upper part of the u n it 1 0 105 - sharo contact - 330

34 Sandstone, light-gray and light-greenish- gray (w/same and light reddish brown), fine- to very-fine-grained, laminated to medium- bedded. Festoon bedding in lower 1 m - rest is microcrosslaminated. A bed of cone- in-cone limestone 20 cm thick at 6 m, A few burrows about 5 mm across. Trails and burrows 2 mm across are common...... 9 115 Sample R0Q6 0.6 m Ss. Sample R007 5 m Limestone. - sharp contact - 35 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/white or light greenish gray), fine-grained but some medium-grained lenses, medium-bedded to massive, cross-bedded, A few beds of medium- to dark-gray (w/light greenish gray) mudstone. Dull coal 30 cm thick at 4 m. Lower 2 m is mainly siltstone and shale, but carbonaceous and greenish-gray laminae are common throughout. Distorted shale fragments in some sandstone... 14 129 Sample R003 4 ra Coal. Sample R009 5m Ss. - gradational contact - 36 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/greenish gray or dark gray), shaly in places. Beds ot medium-gray (w/white or greenish gray) fine sandstone about 3 cm thick are common. Glossooteris leaves found at several levels. 29 158 Sample ROlO 17 m Glossoo te r is . - gradational contact - 37 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/white), fine-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Greenish-gray laminae common ...... 9 167

DOLERITE SILL, 34 m thick. 38 Siistone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray and reddish brown), laminated (and a lit t le microcrosslaminated). Stems and Glossoo teris at 9 m. A few burrows about 3 mm across. Burnt coal from 7 to 8 m. Vague varvoid lamination from 9 to 10 m. Passive and vertically jointed from 11 to 13 m ...... 13 180 Sample RQIOA 9 m Glossoo teris and stems. - sharp contact with load casts - 331

A B C

39 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray and light reddish brown), fine-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Finer grained and locally fissile in upper part where there are several greenish-gray fine sandstone beds up to 30 cm thick...... '...... 9 189 Sample ROll 0.5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 40 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/deeply to white), locally shaly. Some light- grsenish-gray laminae and thin beds 3 193 - sharp contact - 41 Sandstone, light-greenish-gray (w/same), fine-grained ...... 0.5 193 Sample R012 0.3 m Ss.

- gradational contact 0 42 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/light to dark gray and light greenish gray). Several beds up to 30 cm thick of light-greenish-gray fins sandstone ...... 22 215 - erosion surface - 43 Sandstone, licht-gray (w/same and light reddish brown), .fine- to medium-grained, medium-bedded, cross-bedded. Lower 1 m contains pockets of stems up to 1 0 cm across and weathers in shades of brown, red, green and gray. Laterally a tongue of siltstone appears just above the base of the u n it 6 2 2 1 - gradational contact - 44 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/very light gray or very light greenish gray), very-fine­ grained, massive. Stems common 3 224 - gradational contact - 45 Siltstone, dark-gray (w/white), in places shaly. A coal lens 10 cm thick 3 227 - sharp contact - 45 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/white or light greenish gray), fine-grained. Flattened and silic ifie d stems common ...... 6 233 Sample R013 2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 332

B

47 Siltstone and claystone, medium- to dark- - gray (w/white), coaly and shaly in places. Â few beds up to 60 cm thick of greenish- gray fine sandstone, ...... 12 245 - sharp contact - 4B Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray and light greenish gray), fine-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Greenish-gray laminae ...... 6 251 - sharp contact - 49 Claystone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray), baked ...... 0.9 252

50 Coal, mainly dull. Gypsiferous? ...... 0,5 253 Sample R014 Coal,

DOLERITE SILL, 0.6 m thick, 51 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same and light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, medium- to thick-bedded. At the base there is a pocket of vein quartz pebbles up to 7 cm across, Silicified and well-preserved logs at 12 m. One is 10 cm thick and is exposed for 80 c m ,.... 19 272 Sample RQ15 1.7 m Ss. Sample R016 12 m Log sections. - gradational contact - 52 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/white) ...... 1,7 273 - gradational contact - 53 Claystone, dark-gray (w/light gray to black), shaly ...... 2,6 27 6 Sample R017 1.2 m Stem. 54 Coal, b r i g h t ...... 0.9 277

55 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/light gray or yellowish green) ...... 0,6 278 - sharp contact - 56 Sandstone, light-gray to greenish-gray (w/ same), fine-grained, blocky, indistinctly cross-bedded ...... 7 286 Samole R018 0.3 m Ss, 333

57 SCREE, with dark shale (w/light gray) frag­ ments showing through ...... 10 296

58 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light greenish gray and light reddish brown), very-fine- to fine-grained, thin-bedded. Silicified wood fragments common ...... 3 299 - gradational contact - 59 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/white),.. 2.3 301 - gradational contact - 50 Claystone, dark-gray to black (w/same or light gray), shaly, and locally coaly. A few beds of greenish-gray fins sandstone up to 40 cm thick ...... 10 311 - gradational contact - 61 Siltstone, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/white, light greenish gray and light reddish brown), baked. Slumped horizon 1 m thick at 12 m. A few dark-brown '‘burnt" horizons. Stem impressions common ...... 15 326 DOLERITE SILL, 40 m thick.

NOTE: Above the s ill the unit becomes thin- bedded and the dark-brown horizons are more common ...... 11 337 - sharp contact - 62 Claystone, black (w/light gray to black), shaly and coaly in places...... 0.3 338 - sharp contact - 63 Claystone, medium- to dark-gray (w/white or yellowish brown), finely to coarsely laminated, in places giving a varvoid appearance. Stems and 01 ossooteris quite common ...... 5 344 Sample R019 4 m Part of 30 cm ss lens. - sharp contact - 64 Siltstone, dark-gray to black (w/same or greenish gray), shaly, sandy...... 4 348 - gradational contact - 65 Claystone, medium- to dark-gray (w/white). Abundant 01 ossopteris ...... 0.6 348 NO'TE : Exposure poor and mainly scree covered from here to top. 334

A 3 C 66 Shale, dark-gray to black (u/same, greenish 6 354

67 Coal, mainly bright. 4 358 68 Shale, medium-gray (u/light greenish gray or light yellowish green), in places coaly, laminated'. Graphitic coal from 44 to 45 m.. 58 416 Sample R020 51 m Ss?.

DOLERITE SILL, about 150 m thick, extends to the summit of Ropar*

Thickness of Buckley Formation 416+ m

PAINTED CLIFFS Section PO. Base of northeast spur leading onto northeast ridge of [ïlt. Picciotto. Elevation at base of section about 1750 m (mao e s t.). Position 830 47.1' S; 163° 27' E. Fairchild Formation DOLERITE SILL, at least 90 m thick.

1 Shale, dark-gray, finely laminated. Some thin fine sandstone lenses ...... 2.7 3 Sample POOl 1.8 m Fine ss. - erosion surface - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded..... 23 31 Sample P002 1 m Ss. Sample P003 5 m Ss. Sample P004 12 m Ss. Sample P005 23 m Ss. 3 Shale, black, coaly. Sandy in upper p a rt... 0.6 32 - gradational contact -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation 32+ m 335

A 3 C

Buckley Formation

- gradational contact - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained* Carbonaceous quartzoss grit in lower few cm ...... 4 4 Sample P006 0.3 m Ss. 2 Shale, gray ...... 0.9 5

3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded..... 3 8 - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone, gray (w/dark gray), fine-grained, f i s s i l e ...... 0.6 8 - gradational contact - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. A few thin stringers of dark-gray fine sand­ stone ...... 13 21 - gradational contact - 6 Shale, gray (w/dark greenish gray), sandy in lower 1 m. Thin bed of medium sandstone at 0.6 ra and of white claystone at 4 ...... 5 26 - sharp contact - 7 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light greenish and brownish gray), fine-grained, fissile, micro­ crosslaminated. Scattered well-rounded quartz pebbles up to 5 cm across. These ap­ pear to rest on thin coarser sandy laminae.. 1.5 27 Sample POOS 0.6 m Fine ss. - gradational oontact - 8 Shale, gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), laminated ...... 5 32 9 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded IS 50 Sample P009 base Ss. Sample PQ09A 9 m Pink ss. Sample POlO 11 m Ss. - gradational contact - 10 Sandstone, light-gray (w/greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile, microcrcsslaminated. A few thin medium sandstone lenses 3 53 336

A .B - gradational contact - 11 Shale, gray (w/dark gray), laminated. Cala- mitid stems. Trails 2 or 3 mm wide and criss­ crossing but mors or less straight are common at about 5 m. Lenses of light-gray fine to medium sandstone from 5 to 5 m, 9 to 10 m and at 14 ra, and some thinner beds ...... 19 73 Sample P012 12 m Fine ss. - sharp contact - 12 Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained.. 1.2 74 - gradational contact - 13 Shale, dark-gray. Coaly in the lower 30 era, from 0.6 to 1.2 m and at 4 m. Stems in lower 1.5 m...... 5 79

DOLERITE SILL, about 200 m thick. Section PI. A continuation of section PO from the top of the s ill but on the southwest ridge of 1:1t. Picciotto, 5.4 km east of PO. Elevation at base of unit 14 about 1750 m (map est.}. Position 83° 47.6' S; 163° 00' E.

14 Shale, gray, baked ...... 1.2 81 15 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained ...... 2.1 83 Sample PlOl 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - 16 Shale, black, baked, laminated ...... 9 92 - gradational contact - 17 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, fissile . A few thin shale stringers ...... 15 107 - gradational contact - 13 Shale, very-light-gray, laminated, and sub­ equal fissile fine sandstone beds. A few dark-gray shaly stringers in lower 3 m ...... 26 133 - gradational contact - 19 Shale, medium- to dark-gray, laminated. A few thin light-gray fine sandstone beds..,.. 15 143 - sharp contact - 337

20 Sandstone, uery-light-gray (w/reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, fissile , and sub­ equal units of lig h t- to medium-gray sandy shale. Units of both are 1 to 2 m thick. Shale usually has low linguoid ripples, while sandstone tends to have well-developed microcrosslamination, ripple marks, trails 2 mm across and burrows 3 to 5 mm wide. A few stem impressions. One or two well- rounded quartz pebbles up to 3 cm across at 30 cm...... IS 154 Sample P102 1 m Ss. Sample P102A 15 m Ss. - gradational contact - 21 Shale, dark-gray (w/light gray). Coaly from 3 to 4 m...... 9 173 - slumped contact - 22 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, fissile to blocky ...... 3 176 Sample P103 0.6 m Ss. Sample P104 1.5 m Greenish-gray coarse ss in lens SO cm thick and 5 m across, - gradational contact - 23 Shale, dark-gray to black, but lighter in lower 2 m ...... 17 193

DOLERITE SILL, 70 m thick. 24 Mudstone, medium-gray (w/light pinkish gray), with abundant Glossooteris. Medium-gray cal­ careous concretions 30 to 60 cm across 6 199 Sample P105 5 m Glossoo ter is -bearing mudst. - erosion surface - 25 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, medium-bedded. A few mud­ stone fragments mostly about 2 cm across and several quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across in lower 10 cm. Also quartz pebbles up to 5 cm across at 1.5 m. A number of log impressions from 0 to 5 m but particularly at 1 and 5 m. Logs up to 50 cm across. Mudstone fragments at 3 m. Vague low angle cross-bedding ...... 14 213 Sample P106 0.3 m Ss. Samole P107 10 m Ss. 338

A B C

- sharp contact - 25 Siltstone, light-gray (ir/pinkish gray), mas­ sive to blocky, vertical joints in places. Occurs as distinct lenses or beds from 0.3 to 1 m thick, that can lens from 30 cm to 0 in 5 m. Glossoo teris in bed from 1 to 2 ...... 2.4 215 Sample PlOB base S ilts t, Complete section of unit 30 cm thick. - sharp contact - 27 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, cross-bedded...... 4 220 - gradational contact - 28 Shale, light-gray (w/light pinkish gray). 11/hite flecks from 0,5 to 1.2 and from 2,4 to 3 ...... 3 223 - erosion surface - 29 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained. Shale fragments up to 7 cm across and stem impressions com­ mon in lower 30 cm. Lens containing several well-rounded medium-gray shale boulders about 30 cm across at 8 m. Disappears lat­ erally into massive sandstone without a trace ...... 15 238 Sample P109 bass Ss. Sample PllO 8 m Ss. - gradational contact - 30 Shale, light-gray (w/light pinkish gray), alternates with similar siltstone. One or two stems ...... 3 . 241 - erosion surface - 31 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddisy brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Discs of gray shale up to 15 cm across and 1 cm thick common throughout. A few quartz pebbles up to 5 cm across in lower 50 cm. Gray fins sand­ stone from 5 to 5 m ...... 5 247 - gradational contact - 32 Shale, g ra y ...... 2.1 249 33 Coal, impure ...... 0.5 250 - erosion surface - 339

A B 34 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (lu/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained. Stringers of well-rounded quartz pebbles, mostly about 2 cm with some up to 10 cm across, in lower 4 m ...... 8 258 Sample P ill 0.3 m Medium-gray ss. Sample P112 3 m Quartz pebbles Sample P112A Collection of non-quartz pebbles. Sample P113 7 m Ss. - gradational contact - 35 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, microcrcsslaminated, f i s s i l e ...... 2.4 260 - gradational contact - 35 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium gray)...... 5 255 - sharp contact - 37 Sandstone,msdium-oray (w/light greenish gray and reddish brown), fine-grained, and gray shale, in 0.3 to 1 m b ed s...... 4 259 Sample P114 1 m Ss. - gradational contact - 33 Shale, dark-gray to black. Abundant small plant fragments ...... 3 272 - gradational contact - 39 Shale, medium-gray (w/very light gray). Plant stems bed 30 cm thick with varvoid lamination. Shale becomes dark in upper 2 m. Thin coal at 7 m 8 280 Sample P114A 2.4 m Varvoid shale. - slumped contact - 40 Sandstone, very-light-gray (i/light reddish brown), medium-grained. Lens of carbonaceous shale fragments with a few stems at 10 m .... 13 293 Sample P115 5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 41 Shale, dark-gray to black. Coaly from 1.5 to 2.4 m. 4 302 - erosion surface - 42 Sandstone, white (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive. Abundant shale 340

B

fragments up to 2 cm thick and 30 cm long in lower 0.5 m...... 14 316 Sample P116 1 m Ss. Sample P117 9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 43 Sandstone, white to light-gray, fine-grained. 0.5 317 - gradational contact - 44 Shale, gray, sandy. Several coal seams up to 15 cm thick ...... 5 323 - gradational contact - 45 Siltstone, white, with a few dark shale layers. Glossoo teris common ...... 14 337 - gradational contact - 45 Sandstone, white (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, with impressions of burnt-out and flattened logs and stems scat­ tered throughout, iflost common from 7 to 8 m and 11 to 12 m. Shale fragments mostly 3 cm across common at these horizons. Stems from 1 cm to 45 cm across ...... 16 354 Sample PllB 15 m Ss. - sharp contact - 47 Siltstone, white...... 2.1 356

48 Shale, dark-gray (w/light gray). A few thin coaly laminae ...... 6 362 - gradational contact - 45 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, massive 1.2 363 - gradational contact - 50 Siltstone, white. Glossoo teris 5 368 - gradational contact - 51 Shale, black, c o a l y ...... 4 372

DOLERITE SILL, 6 m thick. 52 Shale, medium-gray (w/light gray). Some greenish-gray fine sandstone beds about 30 cm thick. A little dark-gray shale. A few trails 2 mm across..., 25 396 - oradational contact - 341

A B C

53 Sandstone, very-light-gray, fine-grained, microcrosslaininated. Thin dark-greenish- gray stringers ...... 2,7 399 Sample P119 1.2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 54 Shale, light-greenish-gray ...... 1.5 401 - sharp contact - 55 Sandstone, light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, massive. Stem 3 cm across on upper s u r f a c e ...... 3 404

55 Shale, dark-gray (u/light gray). Glossoo teris. Abundant stems at top ...... 2.1 405 - gradational contact - 57 Coal ...... 1.8 408 - gradational contact - 53 Shale, black, coaly ...... 2.4 410 - sharp contact - 59 Shale, dark-gray (m/uhite or light reddish broun). Several thin greenish-gray fine sandstone stringers. About 50 cm of varvoid shale at 7 m ...... 8 418 Sample P119A 7 m Varvoid shale,

KDTE: Units 55 through 59 are exposed on a knob. The section is continued from the top of unit 53 on the main ridge.

60 Shale, dark-gray to black (u/light gray), sandy. Glossooteris. Coal from 0.5 to 0.9, 3 to 3.3, and 4 to 5 m ...... 7 425 - sharp contact - 51 Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, massive...... 6 431 Sample P121 0,3 mSs. - gradational contact - 52 Sandstone, dark-gray to black (w/medium gray), fine-grained. Abundant stems ...... l.S 433 - gradational contact - 53 Coal. Coaly shale bed 30 cm thick at 5 m... 11 444 DOLERITE SILL, 50 cm thick. 342

A B C 54 Shale, dark-gray -to black, laminated. Light-greenish-gray fine sandstone from 5 to 7 m 15 459 Sample P122 5 m Ss.' - gradational contact - 55 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light gray), fine-grained, fissile, %inor dark shale.... 15 474 - gradational contact -

DO 3Î18 jLtsy uiiXu 53.12 455 Sample P123 5 m Fine ss from lens. - gradational contact - 57 Sandstone; like unit 59. 15 502 Sample P124 3 m Shale, with Glossooteris. - gradational contact - 58 Shale, black, coaly 0.5 503 59 Coal l.S 505

70 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile 24 529 Sample P125 1.2 m Ss. DOLlRITE SILL, about 90 m thick. NOTE: Above the s ill, according to D. H. Elliot, there is a poorly exposed section about 50 m thick of fine sandstone and shale.

Thickness of Buckley Form ation...... 590+ m

CRANFIELD PEAK AREA Section CO. The northeast ridge at the northern tip of the mt. desks massif. Elevation at base of Mackellar Formation is 2310 m (alt.). Position 83° 30.5' S; 160° 48' E. NOTE: Measured section begins above 12 m of t il l it e of the Pagoda Formation which sits on a similar thickness of dolerite, the lowest exposed rock in the outcrop. 343

A B - C

Mackellar formation - sharp contact -

1 Shale, medium- to dark gray (uf/same or greenish gray)...... 5 5 - -sharp contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), fine- to medium-grained, blocky ...... 0,6 5 Sample COOO 0,6 m Ss* - sharp contact - 3 Shale, medium-gray (u/greenish gray), Beds of light-gray blocky cross-bedded fine sand­ stone up to 20 cm thick become common in upper part of u n it ...... 12 18 - sharp contact - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (u/same), fine-grained, flaggy to blocky. Indistinct parallel- bedding, A feu microcrosslaminae,,,...... 12 30 Sample COOl 1,2 m Ss, - gradational contact - 5 Shale, medium-oray (u/same) and lioht-green- ish gray) ...... : ...... 4 34

DOLERITE SILL, 4 m thick, 5 Shale, dark-gray (u/msdium gray), clayey. In upper part of unit the beds are coarser, less fissile and lighter, Tmo thin beds of light- gray very fine sandstone ...... 15 49 - Permian slumped contact - 7 Sandstone, very-light-gray (u/same or lig ht brou/n), fine-grained, blocky to massive, parallel and microcrosslamination, cross- bedded, Greenish-gray shaly stringers and laminae as mell as shale fragments present in lower part. At one place the lower 3 m of the unit has been slumped and rotated, the beds dipping as much as 50°, 100 m to the south the contact is a normal sedimen­ tary one. Calcareous concretions up to 4 m long ...... ,,,,,, 13 62 Sample C002 5 m Ss, - gradational contact - ' ' 344

A B C 8 Sandstone, white (w/light gray), fine­ grained, thin-bedded, flaggy to slabby. Lenses up to 3 m thick contain beds of dark-gray (w/greenish gray) coarse silt­ stone, with some black shale. Abundant trails of at least three varieties found on bedding planes. Trails are sparse in the lower 3 m. Asymmetrical ripple-marks common 11 73 9 Shale, dark-gray (w/dark greenish gray), fissile to papery. Poorly exposed in scree. 11 84 - slumped contact -

Thickness of Mackellar Formation ...... 84 m

Fairchild Formation - slumped contact - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or reddish brown), fins- to medium-grained, blocky to massive. Parallel- and cross-bedding with occasional thin horizons of microcross­ lamination and parting lineation. Concen­ trations about 30 cm thick of discoidal dark-gray (w/greenish gray) shale fragments mostly 2 or 3 cm across are common through­ out. Above about 37 m carbonaceous laminae are common and dark shale stringers up to 1 m thick are also found. The lowest pebbly horizon, at 25 m, contains mainly chert and quartzite pebbles up to 5 cm long. At 37 m there is a broad channel 7 m wide and 0.5 m deep fille d with sandstone containing abun­ dant carbonaceous shale fragments, plant stems and scattered metasedimentary pebbles. A pebble horizon at 45 m contains pebbles of similar lithology as much as 16 cm long. Scattered pebbles are found with shale frag­ ment concentrations as high as 76 m 161 151 Sample 0007 2.4 m Ss. Sample COOS 25 m 5s* Sample 0009 45 m Pebbles Sample 0010 60 m Ss. Sample 0012 122 m Ss. Sample 0013 152 m Ss. - erosion surface - Thickness of Fairchild Formation 161 m 345

Buckley Formation

- erosion surface -

1 Sandstone, white (w/same or light greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive, parallel- and cross-bedded. Lower 4 m is finer grained and contains abundant green­ ish-gray laminae and microcrosslamination although greenish-gray laminae and stringers up to 20 cm thick are found throughout the unit. Concentrations of greenish-gray shale fragments up to 40 cm with most 3 to_4 cm long were found at several levels. The base of the unit is marked by lenses of rounded white vein quartz pebbles mostly 2 to 3 cm but up to 9 cm across. Quartz g rit lenses up to 50 cm thick appear at stout 6 m and become common above 25 m ...... 57 37 Sample C014 base Pebbles Sample C015 base Ss. Sample C015 22 m Ss. Sample C017 28 m Ss. DOLERITE SILL, at least 150 m thick. Forms top of ridge running northwest from lYlt, Weeks.

Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 37+ m Section Cl. Gently sloping exposure 2.5 km north- northwest of Cranfield Peak. Elevation about 2450 m (map est.}. Position 83° 37.0' S; 150° 49' E. Buckley Formation

Sandstone, light-gray (w/light gray or reddish brown;, medium- to coarse-grained, blocky to massive, medium-bedded, cross- bedded. A few beds up to 1 m thick of dark-gray shale. Rounded white vein quartz pebbles up to 10 cm across at at least one level. Some silicified wood ...... 50+ m Section C2. Southwest slope of Cranfield Peak 1.5 km southwest of the summit. Elevation at base of section is 2430 m (alt.). Position 83° 33.5' 5; 150° 48' E. Buckley Formation SNOW. 346

A B 1 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (m/light gray), very-fine- to fine-grained, fissile to flaggy, microcrosslaminated. Contains dark-gray shale interbeds about 3 cm thick every 30 cm or so, A feu beds about 10 cm thick of light-gray medium sandstone. Borings 3 to 5 cm across quite common ...... 18 18 Sample C201 2,4 m Ss, - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone,medium-gray (u/light to medium gray), fine- to medium-grained, fissile to blocky. Carbonaceous shale laminae abundant ...... 2.7 21 - gradational contact - 3 Shale, black, coaly. Glossoo te r is ...... 1,2 22 Sample C202 0,5 m Plants, - gradational contact - 4 Coal, bright, laminated ...... 2,7 24 Sample C203 0.6 m Coal. - slumped contact - 3 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (u/light gray), fine- to medium-grained, carbonaceous 1.2 25

6 SCREE, with sandstone and rare coal blocks,, 2,4 28

7 Sandstone,medium- to dark-gray (u/light gray and reddish brown), very-fine- to fine­ grained, flaggy but locally shaly, laminated to thin-bedded. Burrows and tra ils 2 to 5 mm wide cover the numerous ripple-marked sur­ faces. Abundant stems particularly near upper contact. Broad Glossoo teris leaf 12 cm long and with a well-defined midrib on boulder in scree from this unit ...... 15 44 Sample C204 12 m Ss with burrows. Sample C205 15 m Ripple mark and tra ils. - gradational contact - 3 Shale, dark-gray (w/same), sandy. Light- gray sandstone lens with stems from 0.6 to 1.2 m. Rounded white vein quartz pebbles on surface of outcrop ...... 4 43 - oradational contact - 347

B

9 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (u/light gray), fine- to medium-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, microcrosslaminated and cross-bedded. A few dark shale stringers up to 50 cm thick. Unit becomes more massive, slightly coarser grained and cross-bedded above 4 ...... 37 86 Sample C206 10 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 10 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), fine- to medium-grained, thin-bedded. Laminae and stringers of dark-gray (w/greenish gray) very fine sandstone and shale. Stems and Glossoo teris were found in one of these units at 7 m ...... 17 103 Sample C209 7 m Glossooteris and stems. - gradational contact - 11 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium to dark gray and greenish gray), sandy, laminated. Stringers of light-gray fine sandstone common...... 18 121 - gradational contact - 12 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light gray and very light greenish gray), very-fine-grained, microcrcsslaminated. Stringers of dark-gray (w/medium gray) shale common,, 3 124 Sample C210 1.3 m Very fine ss. - gradational contact - 13 Shale, black (w/same), coaly, papery ...... 2 126 - contact in scree - 14 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), fine— to medium-grained, massive to blocky, locally fissile...... 11 137 Sample C211 9 m Fine to medium ss. - gradational contact - 15 Shale, black (w/same), locally coaly ...... 5 144 - contact in scree - 16 Coal, bright, massive to laminated ...... 2.4 146 Sample C212 1.3 m Coal. - contact in scree - 17 Shale, black, coaly ...... 1*2 147 - sharp contact - 348

3 18 Sandstone,light- to medium-gray (w/light gray and light greenish gray), very-fine- to fine-grained, microcrosslaminated...... 3 151 - gradational contact - 19 Shale, black, coaly. Coal from 0.3 to 0.6 m and from 4 to 4.5 m ...... 7 157 Sample C213 0.6 m Plant fragments. - contact in scree- 20 Siltstone,medium-gray (w/white), locally shaly ...... 7 164 - gradational contact - 21 Shale, black, coaly ...... 3 167 - erosion surface - 22 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray or light greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive, mainly parallel but locally cross- bedded or may be structureless for as much as 6 m. From 0.6 to 1 m there are many stems up to 20 cm across, two quartz pebbles and the occasional Olossogteris leaf. An abun­ dant and varied Glossoo teris assemblage was found in discontinuous lenses up to 10 cm thick of dark-gray (w/white) claystone at 1 m. S ilicified and banded wood is common in lenses about 13 ...... 29 196 Sample C214 not collected. Sample C215 0.9 m Glossoo te r is . Sample C215 20 m Ss. - sharp contact - 23 Claystone, medium-gray (w/white), laminated. 2.1 198

24 Shale, black, coaly ...... 1.5 200 25 Claystone; like unit 23 ...... 0.9 201

26 Sandstone; like unit 22 ...... 7 208 27 Shale, medium-gray to black (w/same or white), coaly in places...... 5 214

28 SCREE...... 7 221 29 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray, lig h t greenish gray or very light reddish brown), medium-grained, blocky to massive, vaguely laminated. Abundant silicified wood fraoments and stems ...... 14 234 349

A B Sample C217 9 m Medium ss. - sharp contact - 30 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/unite) 0,9 235 Sample C218 0,3 m Siltst-, - gradational contact - 31 Shale, dark-gray to black (u/same) 11 245 - slumped contact - 32 Sandstone,'very-light-gray (u/sama), medium- grained, massive 6 252 Sample C219 0,9 m Medium ss, 33 Claystone; like unit 23... 4 255

DOLERITE SILL, about 100 m thick. Caps Cranfield Peak, Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 255+ m Section C3, On southwest corner of Mt. 'J/eeks massif. Section measured from top of s ill across steepest part of monocline with beds dipping to the west (from 274 to 287°) at 30 to 50°. The strike parallels the axis of the monocline. Elevation at base of unit 1 is 2450 m. Position 33° 32,9' S; 160° 45' E,

Buckley Formation

DOLERITE SILL, at least 200 m thick. Same s ill as that which caps section CO,

1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky to massive, festoon and planar cross- bedding. Laminae and a few stringers as much as 0.5 m thick of greenish-gray shale. Gritty quartzose lenses common...... ,.,,... 33 38 Sample C301 1.3 m Ss, Sample C302 14 m Ss, NOTE: Dip 24°. Dip direction 287°, - gradational contact - 2 Coal, shaly 0,5 39 - sharp contact - 350

A

3 Sandstone, light-gray (o/same, reddish brown or locally yellowish or greenish gray), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky, medium- bedded, cross-bedded. U/eathering produces nodules about 1 cm across ...... 5 44 - gradational contact - 4 Shale, black, sandy, coaly in p la c e s...... 1.5 45 - gradational contact - 5 Coal, mainly dull but with a few bright bands ...... l.S 47 - sharp contact - NOTE: Dip 5° (small flexure). Followed contact along traverse direction (about 235°) for 40 m and then turned south (215°) for 120 m = Dip here about 30°. 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or greenish gray), medium- to coarse-grained, blocky, cross-bedded. Coarse-grained and white in the lower 1 m ...... 4 51 Sample C3G3 0.3 m Coarse ss. - gradational contact - 7 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/very light gray), fine-grained, flaggy...... 1.2 52 - gradational contact - S Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/same), coaly in upper 0.2 ...... 1.3 54 - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray and lig h t brown), medium- to coarse­ grained, blocky to flaggy. Elongate cal­ careous concretionary structures 2 to 4 m... 3 57 Sample C304 2 m Concretion fragment. - gradational contact - 10 Shale, dark-gray (w/same), sandy, coaly in p laces...... 6 63 NOTE: Dip 28°. Dip direction 274°. - gradational contact - 11 Sandstone, medium- to dark-grav (w/same or light gray), fine-grained, shaly, microcross- laminated. Beds of light-gray medium sand­ stone up to 20 cm thick common ...... 4 66 351

A B - gradational contact - 12 Shale, dark-gray to black (w/same), sandy. Two 5-cm-thick coal beds low in unit. Light- to medium-gray laminae and beds of fine sand­ stone up to 1 m thick,. Rounded whits quartz pebbles in pockets in shale and fine sand­ stone between 7 and 8 m...... 14 80

NOTE: Dip 50°. Dip direction 274°.

’- gradational contact - 12 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray), fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, cross-bedded. Stringers of dark-greenish- gray flaggy micaceous sandstone up to 40 cm thick.... 12 92 Sample C305 2.4 m Ss. 14 Shale, dark-gray (w/same and medium to dark greenish gray), sandy ...... 6 98 NOTE: Dip 50°. Dip direction 275°. - gradational contact - 15 Coal, bright 0.6 99 - sharp contact - 16 Sandstone; light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium-grained, blocky, cross- bedded...... 4 102

DOLERITE SILL, 21 m thick. Badly sheared. 17 Sandstone, uery-light-gray (w/same), medium- to coarse-grained, thin- to medium-bedded. Laminae and beds of medium-gray (w/light greenish gray) shale up to 1 m thick quite common 15 117 Sample C3Q6 14 m Ss.

NOTE: Moved 50 m south along strike. - gradational contact - IS Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray), fins-orained, medium-bedded, weathers into knobs: 1.5 119 - oradational contact - 352

A S C 19 Shale, nedium-oray (uj/liçht gray), sandy.... 1.8 121 - gradational contact - 20 Coal, dull, shaly in lower 50 cm 1.2 122 - contact in scree - 21 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium to dark gray), sandy. Laminae and beds up to 60 cm thick of light-gray fine sandstone. Rounded white quartz pebbles mostly 1 cm but up to 2 cm across scattered through shale 19 141 - gradational contact - 22 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray), fine-grained, flaggy, thin-bedded. Dark- greenish-gray laminae and stringers of fine sandstone 12 153

NOTE: Dip 36°. Dip Direction 285°. - gradational contact - 23 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray) 4 157 - gradational contact - 24 Shale, dark-gray (w/same), sandy. Coaly in upper part of u n it 4 151 - sharp contact - 25 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, blocky to massive, cross-bedded 10 171

NOTE: Dip 27°. SNGIU. - Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 171+ m ' 353

LO'i'ERY GLACIER AREA Section LC, Ease of section on west side of col between the northern two high points on Turnabout Ridge. The top of the section is the southern of the two small peaks. Elevation at base of section about 2000 m (mao e st.). Position 8 3 0 15.4' S; 1620 53* E.

Paooda Formation

SNO'JJ. Sandstone, light-gray (w/light brownish gray), fine-grained, fissile, microcross­ laminated. Several brown concretionary structures up to 2 m across. Horizon of limestone lenses at 20 22 22 Sample LOOl 1.2 m Ss. Sample L0Q2 15 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light brownish gray), fine- to medium-grained, medium- bedded. A few thin stringers of fissile microcrosslaminated fine sandstone. Several thin brown limestone lenses 4 26 - gradational contact - Shale, light-oray (w/light greenish gray), sandy. Thin (5 to 15 cm) brown limestone lenses.... 5 30 - gradational contact -

Thickness of Pagoda Formation ...... 30+ m

filackellar F ormation

- gradational contact - Shale, gray (w/medium gray to black). Beds of fissile fine sandstone 30 to 60 cm thick common above 2.4 m. Occasional thin beds of brown limestone. Asymmetrical ripple marks between 2.4 and 4 m with wavelenoth about 20 cm and height 1.5 cm. Lincuoid ripple marks above 4 m,"though around l l m asymmetrical 354

ripple marks with wavelengths around 50 cm and heights from 1 to 4 cm were seen ...... 12 12 Sample L0Q3 4 m Lower part of thin 1st lens. Sample L004 4 m Upper part of thin 1st lens. Sample LÜ05 4 m Ss (further along). Sample L006 3 m Microripples in ss. Sample L007 12 m Ss. - sharp contact - Shale, medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), sandy. Small brown concretions common. Vague microcrosslamination common ...... 3 21 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray or brownish gray), fine-grained, fissile, microcrosslaminated ...... 5 27 Sample LOGS 5 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale, medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), sandy. 3eds from 5 to 30 cm thick of fissile light-gray fine sandstone common.... 19 46 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light gray or brown), fine- to medium-grained, slumped in lower 2.4 m. Low angle cross-bedding. Some thin fissile fine sandstone stringers.. 15 52 Sample L009 1.2 m Ss. - grdational contact - Shale, gray (w/light greenish gray), sandy, with soma beds up to 30 cm thick of light- gray, fine sandstone above 3 m. Linguoid ripple marks. A massive fine sandstone from 6 to 7 m ...... 9 71 Sample LOlO 5 m Fine ss. - gradational contact ■=• Thickness of Mackellar Formation ...... 71 m 355

Fairchild Formation - gradational contact -

Sandstone, light-gray (uz/gresnish gray and reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, rriicrocrosslamination in lower 2 m, where sandstone is a little finer. Rare 30 cm stringers of dark-green fissile sandstone. Shale fragments, mostly 1 cm across, at 9 ni. 25 26 Sample LOll 1 m Ss. Sample L012 18 m Ss. - sharp contact - Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/light gray and very light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, bluff-forming. Coal streaks and occasional pebbles of indurated sedimentary and acid volcanic rocks from IB to 27 m. In this interval channelling becomes obvious, and fragments of dark shale, fine sandstone, end in one lens gray limestone, up to 30 cm across are scattered through the f i l l and in lenses at the base of the channel. Some channels measure at least 15 m across and 2 m deep. Rare coal streaks and pebbles occur above 27 m. Gray fine to medium sand­ stone with dark-green and black laminae and microcrosslaminae from SO to 82 m ., ...... 38 114 Sample L013 1 m Ss. Sample L014 Pebbles m, Sample LOIS 26 m Ss. Sample L015 49 m Ss. Sample L017 73 m Ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light gray and light reddish brown), medium-grained, mas­ sive, in 0.5 to l.S m beds, alternates with gray (w/greenish gray or black) fissile microcrcsslaminated fine to medium sandstone in 0.3 to l.S beds. Quartz pebbles scat­ tered over most of outcrop but none found in place ...... 30 144 Sample L018 10 m Ss.

Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 144+ m 350

A B Section LI. East face of dolerite-capped peak 9 km south of the north tip of Turnabout Ridge. Elevation at base of section about 1750 m (map e s t,). Position 33° 17.9' S; 152° 53' E.

Fairchild Formation

DOLERITE SILL, discordant.

1 Sandstone, light-gray (u/light reddish brown), medium-grained, flaggy to massive, some cross-bedding. Fissile fine sandstone stringers every 3 m or so. Shale fragments and two small quartz pebbles at 25 m. Several elongate gray (w/brown) concre­ tionary structures in upper 6 m. Upper 50 cm microcrosslaminated 30 30 Sample LlOl 4 m Ss. Sample L102 29 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Shale, medium-gray (w/greenish gray and black), sandy, lam inated. 9 39 - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, cross- bedded. Shale fragments, mostly 3 cm with some up to 20 cm across, in lower 30 cm. 30 cm stringers and laminae of fissile green sandstone. Seme thin calcareous lenses. Dark sandy shale from 6 to 7 m ...... 21 60 Sample L103 4 m Ss. - gradational contact - 4 Shale, dark-gray (w/dark greenish gray or black), laminated...... 4 63 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive. Becomes laminated and greenish-gray in upper 60 cm.. 1.3 65 Sample L104 1.2 m Ss. - erosion surface - Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 65+ m 357

B C

Buckley Formation - erosion surface -

Sandstone, very-light-gray (u/light reddish brou/n), medium-grained, massive, A few dark shale stringers up to 60 cm thick. Low angle cross-bedding, Hiell-rounded vein quartz pebbles up to 8 cm across abundant in lower 15 cm ...... 9 9 Sample L105 0.3 m Quartz pebbles. Sample L106 1 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale, dark-oray (w/dark oreenish oray and black)..: ...... : ...... : ...... 4 13 - erosion surface - Sandstone, light-gray, medium-grained, mas­ sive. Upper 60 cm microcrosslaminated...... 1.8 15 Sample L107 1 m Ss. - erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Quartz pebbles up to 17 cm across occur as discontinu­ ous lenses in lower 30 cm...... 8 23 Sample LlOB Pebbles loose on slope below unit. Sample L109 base Quartz pebbles.- Sample LllO 0.5 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray (w/dark greenish gray or black) ...... 2.4 25 - sharp contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, massive. A few green laminae in upper part. 3 29 - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray, like unit ....5...... 2.4 31 - sharp contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained, f is s ile ...... 3 34 Sample Llll 0.5 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale; like unit 5 ...... 2.7 37 - share contact - 358

A ' B 10 Sandstone, light-gray, fine- to medium- grained, microcrosslaminated. Dark-greenish- gray to black laminae common. Gray \,ui/bromn) calcareous lens from 0.5 to 1.5 m ...... 3 40 - gradational contact - 11 Shale; like unit 5...... 7 47 - sharp contact - 12 Sandstone, white to light-gray, medium- grained, massive, lensing ...... 1.2 48

13 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile. Shale stringers common. Occasional cal­ careous lenses ...... 0.6 49

14 Sandstone; like unit 1 2 ...... 0.3 49

15 Sandstone; like unit 13 ...... 2 51 - erosion surface - 16 Sandstone; like unit 12 ...... 0.6 52 Sample L112 0.3 m Ss. 17 Sandstone, in alternating beds 30 to 60 cm thick like units 12 and 13 ...... 1.8 54 IB Sandstone, very-light-gray, medium-grained. Greenish-gray laminae common. Some cross- bedding and microcrosslamination. Horizon of limestone lenses from 5 to 6 m 9 63 Sample L113 6 m Limestone. 19 Shale, dark-gray 3 66 20 Sandstone; like unit 18 6 72 21 .Shale, black to dark-gray, coaly in lower 1.5 m...... 5 77 - sharp contact - 22 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray) 7 84

NOTE: Remainder of section poorly exposed. 23 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained 5 89 24 Sandstone, white, coarse-grained ...... 15 104 Sample L114 0.6 m Ss. 359

A S C 25 Shale, dark-oray to black, coaly in lower 1 ...... 5 108

25 Sandstone, gray (w/brown), c a lc a re o u s...... 1.2 109 27 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, f ria b le ... 5 115

23 Shale-, dark-oray to black, coaly in lower 1 m...... T...... 5 120

29 Sandstone, white, medium-grained, fria b le ,., â 124

DDLERITE SILL, more than SO m thick. Has several inclusions up to 3 m thick of white sandstone and coaly shale in the lower 15 m.

Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 124+ m

Section L2. Base of section is just above snow level at head of Lowery Glacier, 4.8 km east-northeast of Clayton Peak. Top of section is 3.0 km southwest (3.2 km east-southeast of Clayton Peak), on the edge of the Prince Andrew Plateau, Elevation at base of section about 2200 m (map e st.). Position 830 24.3' 5; 152° 25' E.

Buckley Formation

DOLERITE SILL. Only the upper 1 m or so exposed. Sams s ill as that which caps section LI.

1 Sk'O-Ji...... 4 4

2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained. Greenish-gray fis s ile laminae common...... 1.8 ' 5

3 Shale, dark-gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), laminated, sandy...... 1.5 7 - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone, white to light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained. Abundant light- and dark-greenish-gray fissile laminae ...... 5 12 Sample L201 1 m Ss. - Gradational contact - 360

.A B 5 Shale, medium-gray (uj/medium to dark gray), sandy. Fissile fine sandstone 30 cm thick at 1.5 and 6 m. A feu/ plant stem impres­ sio n s...... 8 20 - slumped contact - 6 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive. Knobbly surface (zeolitized?). Stringers 30 cm thick of micaceous greenish-brown fissile fine sandstone. Calcareous concretions up to 1 m across. Gritty lens at 9 m with quartz pebbles up to 1 cm across and fine sandstone fragments mostly 3 cm but up to 5 cm across. Plant stems common from 10 to 12 m ...... '...... 15 35 Sample L202 14 ra Ss. - contact in scree - 7 Shale, black, coaly ...... 1.5 36 - gradational contact - a Sandstone, gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile... 1.8 38 - gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light reddish brown), medium-grained. Stringers 30 cm thick of greenish-gray fine sandstone. Some cross-bedding and microcrosslamination becomes common in upper p a rt ...... 17 55 - gradational contact - 10 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/light and dark greenish gray), fine-grained, fissile, micro*’ crosslaminated. Trails about 2 mm across in lower 2 ...... 17 72 - erosion surface - 11 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, massive. Thin stringers and laminae of light-greenish-gray fine sandstone. Shale fragments in lower 30 cm up to 30 cm long ...... 20 ^92 Sample L203 0.3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 12 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium to dark gray), sandy. Coaly in lower 2m . A few fissile fine sandstone beds about 30 cm thick...... 21 113 - oradational contact — 351

13 ûludstone, medium-gray (m/very light gray).,, 9 122

DOLERITE SILL, IS m thick. 14 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray or light reddish brown), fine- to medium- grained, fissile in places, ripple marks in lower 5m . A few thin beds of medium-gray (w/white) siltstone. Trails about 2 mm wide, borings from about 3 to 5 mm across, and copralites of about the same width, are common, Dolerits s ill ends at 11 m. Upper 12 m of unit are finer grained. Thin lime­ stone lens at 26 m 31 153 - gradational contact - 15 Shale, black, coaly ...... 1.2 154 - slumped contact - 15 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light gray or light pinkish brown), medium-grained. Lower 4 m has many contorted dark shale fragments about 0.5 cm thick with some up to 40 cm long. Shale fragments mostly about 2 or 3 cm across at 4 m. A few stems. Low angle cross-bedding. Becomes finer in upper 3m.. 12 166 Sample L205 1 m Ss. 17 Shale, black, coaly ...... 1.2 158

DOLERITE SILL, 5 m thick. NOTE: Traversed along upper contact of s ill due south for 300 m. Glossooteris leaves in shale just above s i l l. 13 Shale, dark-gray. Here mostly scree-covered, but further north contains coaly horizons... 7 174 - slumped contact - 19 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium-grained, massive. Some low angle cross-beds, and microcrosslaminated horizons. Scattered quartz pebbles mostly 1 cm across at 4 m. Dark shale lens from 5 to 6 m. Coal streaks common 12 186 Sample L206 1.8 m Ss. 20 Shale, dark-gray 7 193 352

A B C

21 Sandstone; like unit 19. Plant stems from 5 to 5 m...... 6 198 - gradational contact - 22 Shale, dark-gray (u/light gray). Glossoo te r is ...... '...... 1.8 200 - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone, lioht-gray (u/uihite or light greenish gray), medium-grained,^. 4 204 Sample L207 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - 24 Shale, light- to medium-gray (u/uhite), sandy in louer SO cm. 30 cm siltstone (w/oink) at 1.8 and 2.4 m. Coaly shale from 5 to 5 m. Dolerite sill 1 m thick at 5 m...... 7 211

25 SWQ'd...... 5 216 26 Sandstone, very-light-gray (u/light pinkish gray), medium-grained. Thin light-greenish- gray fissile stringers...... 7 223 - sharp contact - 27 Siltstone, medium-gray (u/very light gray). Glossoo teris common ...... 1.5 225 - sharp contact - 23 Sandstone, light-gray (lu/uhite), medium- grained, friable. A feu thin greenish- gray fine sandstone stringers ...... 6 232 Sample L20S 3 m Ss. 29 Shale, dark-oray to black...... 7 240 - sharp contact - 30 Sandstone, light-gray (u/uhite), medium- grained...... 4 244 - gradational contact - 31 Shale, gray, sandy. Coal from 0.9 to 1.2 m. 2.4 245 - gradational contact - 32 Sandstone, medium-gray (u/linht reddish broun of light gray), fine-grained, fissile. Carbonaceous laminae abundant. Microcross­ lamination common. A feu tra ils 2 mm wide. Slumped bed at 13 14 260 - oradational contact - 363

A 3 C

33 Shale, black, coaly ...... 0.5 261 - gradational contact - 34 Sandstone, light-gray (w/white and light greenish gray), medium-grained. Carbonace­ ous laminae and thin fis s ile greenish-gray sandstone stringers ...... 12 273 Sample L209 1,8 m Ss. - gradational contact - 35 Shale, medium-gray (w/light gray or pinkish gray). Coaly from 3 to 9 m...... 13 236 - contact obscured - 35 Sandstone, lig h t- to medium-gray (w/very light gray or light pinkish gray), fine- to medium-grained. Abundant carbonaceous fragments up to 30 cm across and plant stems. 11 29? Sample L210 3 m Carbonaceous ss. NOTE: i'loued about 800 m due south and ontomain face of escarpment. The sandstone here (unit 35) seems coarser. Sample L211 9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 37 Siltstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/very light gray), fissile. Abundant Glossooteris ...... 5 303 - sharp contact - 33 Sandstone, white (w/white), medium-grained, massive. Lower 30 cm g r itty ...... 3 306

39 Shale, dark-gray (w/light gray). A few sandy lenses ...... 9 315 - slumped contact - 40 Sandstone, white (w/white), fine- to medium- grained. A few greenish-gray laminae ...... 2.4 313 Sample L212 0.5 m Ss. - gradational contact - 41 Shale, dark-gray (w/very light gray), sandy. 4 322 - slumped contact - 42 Sandstone, white (w/white), fine- to medium- grained ...... 4 325 - oradational contact - 364

A B C

43 Shale, medium-gray (w/white), sandy, fis s ile . Coaly from 7 to 10 m...... 15 341 - gradational contact - 44 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light greenish gray), fine-grained, laminated 2.4 343 - gradational contact - 45 Shale, dark-gray (w/light gray and greenish gray), laminated ...... 5 348 - slumped contact - 46 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray), fine- to medium-grained. Thin fissile greenish-gray stringers 2.4 350 Sample L213 1 m Ss. - gradational contact - 47 Shale, light-gray (w/very lig h t gray), sandy 2.4 353 - snow contact - 48 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive. Abundant stems and logs up to 30 cm across in lenses at 3 and 5 m...... 9 362 - gradational contact - 49 Shale, black, coaly ...... 4 355

50 SCREE, d o lerite 14 379 51 Sandstone, white (w/white), fine- to medium- grained, massive 29 408 Sample L214 17 m Ss. - gradational contact - 52 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/white). Several thin coaly layers. Coaly shale from 8 to 9 m. Glossoo te ris . 11 419 - gradational contact - 53 Sandstone, light- to medium-oray (w/very light gray and greenish gray), fine-grained, fis s ile . Shale beds 30 to 60 cm thick common. Coal from 16 to 18 ...... 24 443 54 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/very light gray).... 5 449 Samole L215 3 m Shale. 355

A B C

55 Coal and coaly shale ...... 3 452 55 SCREE, dolerite 6 458

57 ■ Sandstone, gray (w/light greenish gray), medium-grained 3 451 Sample L216 1.5 m Ss. 5B Shale, black, coaly. Probably some c o al.... 6 467

59 SCREE, dolerite 9 476

60 Shale, gray (w/light greenish gray or medium gray)-. Coaly from 11 to 13 13 494

61 SCREE, do lerite 18 512

DOLERITE SILL, 90 m thick. 62 Shale, light- to medium-gray (w/greenish gray), sandy, laminated. Some beds of fine sandstone 9 522 Sample L217 8 m Fine ss. 63 Sandstone, dark-gray, fine-grained ...... 1.8 524 64 Shale, dark-gray (w/dark greenish gray) 5 529

65 Shale, medium-gray (w/very light gray), sandy 5 535

66 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium gray). Coaly from 4 to 5 m...... - 20 555

67 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/very light gray), thin-bedded ...... 1.5 556

68 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium gray to black),.. 18 574

69 Shale, medium-gray (w/very light gray) 26 600 70 Shale, dark-gray (w/medium gray to black)... 18 613

SNOW. Thickness of Buckley Formation...... 613+ m Several boulders uo to ,1 m across of white coarse quartzose sandstone were found on the slope above the 90-m s ill and one or two were seen protruding from the base of the snow slope above unit 70. As there is a dolerite sill 15 m above the snow slope, it seems likely that these boulders originated from an horizon only a few meters above unit 70. 366

B C

Sample L218 Medium ss from boulder at base of sn'ou; slooe. Sample L219 Coarse ss from nearby boulder.

SOLITARY PEAK AREA

Section DO. A northwest-facing escarpment at the head of the , 8.3 km south- southeast of Solitary Peak. Elevation at base is 2110 m. Position 33° 13.S’ S; 161° 49' E.

Paooda Formation

SNOW. Sandstone, light-greenish-gray (w/reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, quartzose. Poorly exposed. Pebbles scattered and in lenses in upper part of unit. Litholbgies include vein quartz, sandstone, graywacke and a rg illite . Garnet grains common in lenses ...... 18 18 Sample DOOl 9 m Ss. Sandstone, light-gray and light-greenish- gray (w/reddish brown), fine- to medium- grained, massive, hard ...... 11 29 - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/light gray and light reddish brown), fine- to very-fine­ grained, generally massive but shaly in places. Clasts of various lithologies up to 35 cm across scattered over slope but none found in the sandstone. A few coarser sandstone beds up to 60 cm thick 38 67 - contact obscured - Sandstone ( tillite ? ) , medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), mostly fine-grained but poorly sorted, with scattered pebbles and cobbles of granite, gneiss and metasedi- mentary rocks ...... «. 2.4 69 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded. Pebble lenses common. Lens of tillite ? from 1 to 2 6 75 357

A B C NOTE: Moved down dip to the southeast about 100 m,

□ Siltstone ( tillite ? ) , medium-gray (w/very light greenish gray), massive to shaly. Very rare pebbles up to 3 cm across of various lithologies. Laminated in upper 0,5 m...... 5 80 Sample D002 3 m S iltst. - gradational contact - Thickness of Pagoda Formation ...... 80+ m

lYlackellar Formation

- gradational contact - 1 Shale, dark-gray (w/same and dark greenish gray), papery, laminated. Brown spheroidal concretions up to 1 m across. Fine sand­ stone layers a few cm thick every 30 to 50 cm...... 25 25 - contact in scree - 2 Siltstone, medium-gray (w/light gray and light greenish gray), sandy, flaggy to slabby, thin-bedded, microcrosslamination and linguoid ripples. Scattered brown concretions ...... 11 37 - gradational contact - 3 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray and light greenish gray), microcross­ laminated ...... 10 47 - gradational contact - 4 Siltstone; like unit 2. Cut by dolerite dike 3 m thick ...... 9 55 - gradational contact - 5 Shale; like unit 3 9 54 - contact in scree - 5 Siltstone; like unit 2. Beds of massive light-gray very-fine- to fine-grained sand­ stone becomes more common and thicker to­ ward the top of the u n it ...... 25 90 Sample D0Q3 5 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - Thickness of [ïlackellar Formation 90 m 368

Fairchild Formation

- gradational contact - 1 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/reddish brown or light greenish gray), fine-grained, thick- bedded to massive, îïiicrocrosslaminated horizons and cross-bedding. Stringer of dark-gray (w/light greenish gray) shale from 8 to 9 m. From here to about 15 m the beds are finer grained and extensively microcrosslaminated. Above 15 m the beds revert to their massive character and tend to weather to a yellowish-green color. Carbonaceous laminae become common toward the t o p ...... 44 44 - gradational contact over 5 m or so - 2 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same and light reddish brown), fine- to medium- grained, massive, parallel- and cross­ bedded. Beds a few cm thick of medium- and dark-gray (w/dark gray and greenish gray) shale are common. Some horizons con­ tain shale fragments and stems up to 8 cm wide. Shale fragments are particularly common and up to 25 cm across between 50 and 75 m. Pebbles of quartzite, argillite, sandstone and vein quartz,mostly about 3 but up to 10 cm across, were found as stringers and as isolated pebbles from 9 to 95 ...... 123 167 Sample D005 7 m Medium ss. Sample D006 39 m Medium ss. Sample D007 99 m Medium ss. 3 Shale, dark-gray to black (w/same) ...... 5 173

4 Sandstone; like unit 2 ...... 15 183 - gradational contact - 5 Shale, dark-gray (w/dark greenish gray and dark gray), sandy, laminated, 0 to 5 cm of coal at top of unit ...... 1.2 189 - erosion surface - Thickness of Fairchild Formation 189 m 369

Buckley Formation - erosion surface -

1 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive, festoon bedding. Lenses of rounded white quartz pebbles in the lower 30 cm. Pebbles are up to 9 cm but mostly 2 to 4 cm long; about 10^ are of other lithologies - sandstone, acid volcanic, feldspar or banded quartz. Beds of microcrosslaminated dark- gray (w/light gray) sandy shale about 50 cm thick at 5 and 9 m...... 32 32 Sample D003 Base Quartz pebbles from ledge beneath conglomerate. Sample D009 Base Quartz pebbles from out­ crop . Sample 0010 0.6 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/same), very-fine­ grained, laminated...... 4 36 - contact in scree - 3 Shale, black, coaly ...... B 44 - contact in scree - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (w/reddish brown, light greenish gray and some yellowish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded. Lenses of quartzose g rit 10 to 50 cm thick quite common. Occasional shale fragment horizons 18 62 Sample DOll 9 m Medium ss. - contact in scree - 5 Shale, black, coaly ...... 5 57 - contact in scree - 6 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/very light gray and light reddish brown), medium- grained, medium-bedded, mainly parallel bedding ...... ^ - gradational contact - 7 Shale, dark-gray (w/same), sandy ...... 1.5 72 - contact in scree - 370

A • ' B Ç

8 Sandstone, light-gray (m/same or reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, medium- to thick-bedded, cross-bedded but micro­ crosslaminated horizons common, as are lenses of quartzose grit. Bedding common­ ly brought out by beds of very-fine­ grained carbonaceous sandstone 2 to 6 m thick 22 94 Sample D013 12 m Medium to coarse ss. - contact in scree = 9 Shale, dark-gray (w/black and greenish gray), laminated, coaly in places 5 99 - contact in scree - 10 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded...... 4 104 - contact in scree - 11 Shale; like unit 9 ...... 2.4 '106 - contact in scree - 12 Sandstone; like unit 10...... 3 109 - gradational contact - 13 Shale; like unit 9...... 2.7 112 - contact in scree - 14 Sandstone; like unit 10. A few lenses of coarser grained, friable slope-weathering sandstone in the upper part of the u n it 23 135 - contact in scree - 15 Shale; like unit 9 ...... 2.4 137 - contact in scree - 15 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray, light reddish brown or light brown), fine- to medium-grained, flaggy to m a ssiv e ...... 5 142 Sample D014 1.2 m Ss. - contact in scree - 17 Shale; like unit 9. Dirty coal about 30 cm thick at 17 m. 1.2 m sill at 15 m; 1.5 m sill at 27 27 169 - sharp contact - 371

A • B C IS Sandstone, light-greenish-gray (w/same or very light gray), fine- to medium-grained, microcrosslaminated. Laminae and stringers of carbonaceous sandstone common. Sill 5 m thick at 4 m...... 5 174 - gradational contact -. 19 Shale; like unit 9 10 184 - contact in scree - 20 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive. A few shaly greenish-gray laminae and stringers ...... 5 189 Sample D015 1.2 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 21 Shale; like unit 9 3 192 - sharp contact - 22 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/white but locally stained yellowish brown), fine-grained, thin-bedded. Carbonaceous shale laminae and stringers up to 10 cm thick...... 5 197 - gradational contact - 23 Shale; like unit 9 ...... 2.4 199

NOTE: Above this level thin dolerite sills form about 1 / 3 of the section. 24 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), fine­ grained, massive. Greenish-oray laminae common. Some medium-gray (w/very light gray) siltstone beds in upper part of u n it.. 50 250

Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 250+ m-

Top of small knob.

Section Dl. East ridge of Solitary Peak (2810 m) 9 km southeast of Mt. Rabot. Elevation at base of section is 2130 m (alt.) Position 830 1 4 .7 ' S; 161° 52* E.

Goldie Formation Graywacke and phyllite, light- and dark- gray. Dips to 259° (west) at 80°. - angular unconformity - 372

C

Paooda Formation

- angular unconformity with 30 m of relief over 200 m. Surface polished, grooved, striated and completely unweathered -

Sandstone ( t il l it e ) , light-gray (w/same), fine- to medium-grained. A few water-sorted sand and fine conglomerate lenses up to 1 m thick. The five largest clasts measure (in m): 0.7, 2.3, 1.2, 3.3, 1.0. The three largest are boulders of fine-grained dolerit- ic appearance (see sample 0103). Small Grooves in broad "scour" at 10 m 163° at 25 m 1530 Striae on basement at 20 m 152°, 181°, 185°, 183°, 185°, 185°. Striations within tillite at 31 m 153°, 163°, 157' 152°, 153°. Grooves uo to 1 cm deeo and 2 cm across at 39 m 152° Tool mark at 39 m 141°. Ripple marks (wavelength 3 to 5 cm; heioht 0.5 to 1 cm) at 32 m (with sense) B9°, 251°, 275°, 41 41 Sample 0103 Part of doleritic clast. Sample 0104 Part of clast of pyritized gabbro. Sample 0105 Part of clast of Shackleton limestone. Sample 0105 33 m 50 pebbles. Sample 0107 33 m Sandy t i l l i t e . - contact in scree - Shale, greenish- gray (w/same or chocolate brown), papery .. 58 Sample 0108 5 m Chocolate shale. - contact in scree - Tillite, dark-greenish-gray (w/light greenish gray). Exposed only in a few patches. Sur­ rounding scree contains a large proportion of well-rounded white and yellow-stained quartz and quartzite clasts up to 30 cm a- cross. Lenses of fine conglomerate with the occasional cobble in the upper I m ...... 73 131 Sample 0109 3 m T illite . - sharp contact - 373

A B 4 Sandstone,light-gray (w/reddish brown), fine­ grained, massive, festoon bedding in lower part. Lower surface has at least 1 m of local relief ...... 8 139 - sharp contact with about 50 cm of relief, and striations and grooves up to 2 cm deep. Directions measured on the markings are 177, 171, 170, 157 and 153° -

5 Tillite, dark-greenish-gray (w/light greenish gray), very-fine-grained. Boulder horizon at 12 m, mainly of coarse-grained granite, granitic gneiss and quartzite. Boulders commonly up to 1 m across. Rare■sandstone and fins conglomerate lenses uo to 1.5 m thick ' 28 157

NOTE; Traversed west along ridge for about 1000 m to foot of spur leading to summit of Solitary Peak, - contact in scree - 5 Shale, dark-gray (w/greenish gray), papery.. 3 170

7 SCREE. Tillite fragments and erratic clasts common ...... 37 207

8 Tillite, dark-greenish-gray (w/light greenish gray), very-fine-grained, massive, c liff- forming. Clasts generally less than 1 cm long and quits scarse. A few slumped lenses of sandstone and fine conglomerate up to 1 m thick in upper part of u n it ...... 21 228

9 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same), very-fine­ grained, varvoid lamination 1 to 2 cm thick and gently wavy 2 230 Sample 0110 1 m Varvoid ss. 10 Tillite, dark-greenish-gray (w/light green­ ish gray). Poorly exposed. 5 235

11 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine-grained,massive 12 247 12 Tillite; like unit 10. A few thin sandy lenses...... 13 250 13 Sandstone; like unit 11, A few thin pebble stringers 7 257 374

A B

14 Tillite; like unit 10. The lower 1 m well exposed in bluff ...... 12 279 15 Sandstone; like unit 11 ...... 4 233

16 T illite; like unit 10. Generally massive but shaly to papery in places. Several thin sand le n s e s ...... 15 298

17 Sandstone, light-greenish-gray (w/same or brown); fine-grained, flaggy to massive, parallel lamination. Oval depressions about 0,5 m deep, 3 m wide and at least 7 m long with patches of t i l l in the bottom found on the upper surface of this sandstone about 500 m to the south of the ridge. Orienta­ tion of long axis is 135°...... 5 303 Thickness of Paooda Formation.. 303 m

Mackellar Formation

1 Shale, dark-gray (w/black), papery 12 12 2 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray). Subordinate beds of sandy siltstone about 10 cm thick every 20 to 30 cm ...... 22 34 - gradational contact - 3 Siltstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light greenish gray and light reddish brown), sandy, locally shaly, laminated and micro­ crosslaminated. Linguoid ripple marks common associated with thin beds and laminae of very fine sandstone. Unit weathers to a series of ledges 1 or 2 m apart 44 78 - sharp contact -

Thickness of filackellar Formation 78 m

Fairchild Formation - sharp contact - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light greenish gray or light reddish brown), fine-grained, mas­ sive, parallel- and cross-oedodd. A few thin dark shale stringers and microcross­ laminated horizons 53 53 s S 7 s % 5-

A 2 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium.-grained, massive. Shale fragment horizons common. Stems up to 8 cm wide and carbonaceous laminae become quite common in the upper 50 m. A fern loose metasedimentary and quartz pebbles...... 135 193

NOTE: Not one block examined on the ridge and belonging to units 1 or 2 was found to be in place, although many are several meters acro.ss. However, at 135 m there is a pocket of about 30 rounded white quartz pebbles among the blocks and several other smaller concentrations were found around the hillside at this level. Therefore, this level was taken as the top of the formation. The pebbles are mostly 1 to 3 cm with some up to 8 cm long. Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 193+ m

Sucklev Formation

Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), medium-grained,massive. Quartz pebbles in sandstone block at 20 m. Above 20 m the slope of the ridge becomes much more gentle and carbonaceous micro­ crosslamina ted sandstone and dark shale appear among the blocks. Occasional quartz pebbles are round among the blocks 70 70

Top of Solitary Peak. Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 70 m

MOORE MOUNTAINS AREA Section AO. Uest-facing slops 3.6 km S 10° E of Mt. Angier. Elevation at base of Mackellar Formation is 2490 m (a lt.) Position 83° 22.3' S; 150° 55' E.

SNOW. About 90 m of Paooda Formation. 376

Mackellar Formation - appears to grade over about 3 cm from thin pockets of t i l l i t e on the underlying sandstone -

Shale, dark-gray (w/dark olive green to black), finely laminated, papery ...... T gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray (w/light and dark gray). Several sandy beds a few cm thick. At least one has lobate sole marks 1 cm across and with about 2 mm of r e lie f ...... 3 6 Sample AOOl 3 m Limestone from a bed 3 cm thick. Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/very light gray and reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive to thick-bedded. A few 15 cm intervals of parallel bedded very fine sandstone. In­ distinct low-angle microcrosslamination. Some burrows 6 to 10 mm -across perpendicular and parallel to bedding about 15 m ...... 21 27 Sample A002 1.3 m Fine to medium ss. Sample AQ03 20 m Fine to medium ss. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray or reddish brown), very-fine- to fine-grained, thin-bedded to massive. Indistinct parallel bedding in the more resistant units; micro­ crosslamination mainly from linguoid ripples in the less resistant beds. A few concen­ trations of mudstone fragments 1 to 2 cm across ...... 5 32 - gradational contact - Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (w/light gray), fine-grained, laminated to thin- bedded, microcrosslaminated. Several septarian concretions about 50 cm across.... 8 40 - sharp contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/very lig ht gray or reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, thin- bedded to massive. Carbonaceous laminae com­ mon. microcrosslamination common. Less re­ sistant units of dark-gray (w/light greenish gray) shaly micaceous very fine sandstone a cm or so thick...... 24 64 377

Sample A004 1.2 m Medium ss. Sample A005 21 m Fine to medium ss. Sample AQ05 20 m Plant remains, - gradational contact - 7 Sandstone, dark-gray (u/light greenish gray), very-fine- to fine-grained, fissile, micaceous, carbonaceous, microcrosslamination. Sandy shale dominates from 5 to 11 m. Upper 5 m grades laterally and vertically with unit 6.. 17 31 Sample A007 5 m Fine to medium ss from coarser bed. - gradational contact - 8 Sandstone, light-gray (u/same and reddish broun), fine- to medium-grained, medium- bedded to massive but indistinct parallel lamination is common. A feu lenses up to 30 cm thick of uispy mudstone fragments up to 5 mm thick and 8 cm across. Similar isolated fragments are also found. Parting lineation common ...... 7 88 Sample AOOB 1.2 m Medium ss. - sharp contact - 9 Sandstone, dark-gray (u/greenish gray and reddish broun), fine-grained, massive, poorly sorted, structureless ...... 1.5 90 - gradational contact - 10 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (u/greenish gray and light gray). Rare trails and burrous 2 to 3 mm across ...... 6 96 - contact in snou -

Thickness of Mackellar F o rm a tio n , 95 m

Fairchild Formation - contact in snou - Sandstone, light-gray (u/light gray and red­ dish broun), fine- to medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Some parting lineation. Above 21 m but particularly from 21 to 27 m the sandstone contains stringers of pebbles and a feu boulders mainly metasedimentary (quart­ zite, argillite, chert) but uith a feu gran­ itic rocks, one being 30 cm across. The 378

stringers are rarely more than one or two pebbles thick. Carbonaceous laminae and lenses of coalified stems are also common in this interval but are rarer higher in the u n i t ...... 74 74 Sample AOlO 30 m Medium ss. Sample AOlOA 23 m Stems and Ganpanropteris. Sample A0103 21 m Pebbles. Sample AOll 55 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray or buff), fine-grained, massive. Pinches out 20 m to the n o r th ...... 6 80 - gradational contact over about 3 m - 3 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray or light reddish brown), medium-grained,massive, but some indistinct" parallel lamination and microcrosslaminated stringers. Carbonaceous fragments and plant stems quite common. A few metasedimentary pebbles up to 2 cm across at 8 and 18 m. Scattered pebbles up to 4 cm across with greenish-gray mudstone fragments in lenses from 30 to 33 m 69 149

NOTE: Moved 100 m north from cairn at 49 m to large bluff. A black (w/dark yellowish green) shale 1 m thick at 53 m.

Broad scour surfaces overlain by sandstone with dark shale fragments up to 30 cm across and 5 cm thick in the lower 30 cm or so above 60 m. Sample A013 10 m Medium ss. Sample AQ14 35 m Medium ss. Sample A014A 32 m Pebbles. Sample A015 56 m Medium ss. - gradational contact - NOTE: tensing sequence follows. 4 Shale, black (w/dark greenish gray or very light gray) ...... 2.1 151 - oradational contact - 379

A B

5 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), medium- grained, generally massive but locally f is ­ sile, Indistinctly laminated and micro­ crosslaminated. Some carbonaceous laminae. In places the unit has a yellowish cast 2,4 154 - gradational contact - 6 Shale; like unit 4 ...... 1,2 155 - contact obscure - 7 Sandstone; like unit 5 ...... •...... 1.8 157 - sharp contact - 8 Shale; like unit 4 ...... ,,,,, 0,5 157 - contact obscure - 9 Sandstone; like unit 5 ...... 8 155

10 Shale, black (w/dark greenish gray or black) 5 170 - erosion surface - 11 Sandstone; like unit 5 ...... 5 175 Sample A015 0,5 m Medium ss, 12 Shale; like unit 10...... 4 179 - slumped contact -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 179 m

Buckley Formation

- slumped contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), medium- grained, massive, indistinctly cross-bedded. Carbonaceous laminae common. Lenses of quartzose grit at 2 and 5 m,.,,...... 12 12 Sample A017 0,5 m Medium ss, - gradational contact - Sandstone, dark-gray (w/light to medium gray), fine- to medium-grained, generally massive but locally fissile,,...... 1,5 14 - gradational contact - Shale, black, coaly, A few lioht-gray laminae. Bright coal from 0,3 to 0,5 m 2,4 15 Sample AOIS 0,3 m Coal, - gradational contact - 380

4 Sandstone, dark-gray (w/white), medium- to very-coarse-grained, quartzose. Coaly laminae abundant in the lower 0,5 m. Lenses of carbonaceous quartz g rit up to 0.5 m thick.., 3 19 Sample A019 0.6 m Coarse quartzose ss. - gradational contact - 5 Shale, black, coaly.... 5 24 6 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light gray or light greenish gray), very-fine-grained, micro­ crosslaminated. Abundant greenish-gray shale laminae which locally are dominant. Scattered rounded white quartz pebbles up to 2 cm across. Concentration of quartz pebbles up to 1 cm across at 4 5 30 - erosion surface - 7 Sandstone, light- to medium-oray (w/light greenish gray or light brown), medium- grained, massive. Dark and very carbona­ ceous in the upper 3 ...... IS 48 Sample A020 0.5 m Medium ss.

DOLERITE SILL, about 100 m thick. Continues to top of peak. Thickness of Suckley Formation ...... 48+ m

Section Al, Dest-facing slope 2.3 km southwest of Mt. Angier. Elevation at base of Fairchild Formation is 2240 m ( a lt.) . Position 330 21.3' S; 160° 45' E.

Mackellar Formation

SNOW. DOLERITE SILL about 5 m exposed above the snow. 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light greenish gray), very-fine-grained, thin-bedded, fis­ sile, microcrosslaminated. Greenish-gray laminae common. Medium-oray sandy shale beds a few cm to a m thick, niassive light-gray fine to medium sandstone beds from'5 to 7 and from 41 to 45 m 57 57 381

A B C

- sharp contact -

Thickness of Mackellar Formation.,,,,, ...... 67+ m

Fairchild Formation

- sharp contact - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same and reddish brown), fine-grained, massive, micro­ crosslaminated ...... 9 9 - sharp contact - Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light to dark greenish gray), fine-grained, grades laterally from massive to fissile . Rare metasedimentary pebbles on slopes but none found in p la c e ,,, ...... 6 15 - gradational contact - Sandstone; like unit 1, but fins- to medium- grained and with some cross-bedding, Lenses of fragments mostly 2 to 3 cm but up to 15 cm across of gray sandy shale and fine sand­ stone common throughout. From 37 to 4-3 m there is a greenish-gray (w/reddish brown) fine sandstone similar to unit 2 with meta- sedimentary pebbles scattered on its slopes but none were seen in place. At 127 m there are thin stringers of scattered gray quart­ zite pebbles and shale fragments. Coal streaks and carbonaceous laminae become common above this le v e l,,...... 217 232 - sharp contact -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 232 m,

Sucklev Formation

- sharp contact - Sandstone, white (w/white or light reddish brown), very-coarse-grained, massive, quartz- ose. Becomes finer and grayer in upper part of u n it 7 7 - gradational contact - 382

A S C 2 Shale, black...... 4 11

DOLERITE SILL. Hers only the lower few meters remain on the ridge.

Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 11+ m

Section A2. Southwest-facing slope 4.9 km northwest of mt. Angier. Elevation of base of exposed Fairchild Formation is 2190 m. Position S3° IS .2' S; 160° 33’ E.

Fairchild Formation

SiMD'Ji.

DOLERITE, about 5 ra exposed above snow. 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, mainly mas­ sive. Ficrocrosslamination, cross-bedding and parting lineation common. Horizons containing shale fragments and plant stems are common. A few quartzose and metasedimentary pebbles are scattered through the section above 12 m, but were found concentrated at 51 m in a lensoidal bed about 10 m across and up to 30 cm thick. The five largest clasts measured (in cm) 22, 19, 23, 20, and 11. Pebbles were also noted at 85, 111 and 150 m. Gray-and brown-weather­ ing calcareous concretionary structures mostly 1 m across were found throughout the unit. At 59 m a calcareous bed 50 cm thick is cross-stratified as well as showing signs of concretionary development. Flams structures 3 cm high and torn up blocks of shale up to 1 m long and 3 cm thick were noted at 140 m. From 157 to 152 m black coaly shale is interbedded with medium-gray (w/ light gray)micaceous fine to medium sandstone as stringers up to 1 m thick. Stems are even more common than below and are up to 15 cm across...... 186 135 Sample A201 11 m Center of concretion. Sample A202 12 m Rim of concretion. Sample A203 12 m Ss adjacent to concretion. Samole A204 51 m Pebbles. 383

C

Sample A205 51 m Conglomérats pieces. Sample A206 69 m Calcareous ss. Sample A207 149 m Carbonaceous ss. • sharp Thickness of Fairchild Formation ...... 185+ m

Suckley Formation - sharp contact - 1 Sandstone, unite (u/uhite or light reddish broun), medium- to very-coarse-grained, mas­ sive, cross-bedded 7 7 Sample A20B 0.9 m Medium to coarse ss.

NOTE: Sandstone for a meter or so belou the base of this unit contains lenses of coarse sandstone along uith large shale and stem fragments. These beds may be Fairchild sandstone reworked in the f ir s t stages of the Suckley advance. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (u/very light greenish gray), fine- to medium-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, microcrosslaminated and cross- bedded. Carbonaceous laminae and dark sandy and coaly shale stringers com m on...... 1.5 8 3 Shale, black, laminated, coaly in p lac es.... 3 12 - sharp contact - 4 Sandstone, medium- to dark-gray (u/very light gray), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, cross-bedded ...... 1.2 13 - gradational contact - 5 Shale; like unit 3. Occasional thin beds of unite sandstone ...... 1.5 14 - erosion surface - 5 Sandstone, very-light-gray (u/uhite or light gray), medium-grained, massive, cross-bedded. Carbonaceous laminae common. Quartzose grit in louer 0.6 m...... 14 23 DOLERITE SILL, at least 30 m thick. Forms cap of small Knob at top of section. Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 28+ m 384

A B C

Section A3, Northeast-feeing slope 2.9 km northwest of lïlt. Angier. Elevation at base of sedimentary section is 2340 m (alt,). Position 83° 19,4' S; 150° 41' E.

iïîackellar Formation

SNOW. DOLERITE SILL, 80 m exposed above snow, 1 Shale, medium- to dark-gray (w/light to medium gray), sandy, laminated, üicro- crosslaminated, lig h t- to medium-gray very fine sandstone beds are minor in the lower part but dominate the upper part of the unit. Poor exposure through scree 22 22 - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light red­ dish brown), fine-grained, massive with in­ distinct lamination and microcrosslamination, mudstone fragments mostly 3 cm with some up to 25 cm near base. Fingers of very fine shaly sandstone in lower 1 m. Weathering produces close-spaced white spots about 1 cm across in the more massive beds ...... 5 27 Sample A301 0,3 m Fine ss, - gradational contact - 3 Sandstone, light- to medium-oray (w/reddish brown or light greenish grayj, very-fine- to fine-grained, massive weathering, thin- to medium-bedded, locally fissile to flaggy, microcrosslaminated, A few beds about 50 cm thick of medium- to dark-gray (w/greenish gray), laminated sandy shale. White spots like those in unit 3, A few beds of mas­ sive very-light-gray (w/white or light reddish brown), fine to medium sandstone from 8 cm to 2 m thick. The upper 1 m or so of this unit consists of alternating beds 10 to 30 cm thick of light-gray microcrosslamin­ ated fine sandstone and medium- to dark- gray (w/light greenish gray) laminated very fine sandstone. Linguoid ripple marks are commonly exposed on the surfaces of micro­ crosslaminated beds...... 31 58 Sample A302 23 m Very fine ss, Samole A303 29 m Fine to medium ss. 385

- erosion surface - 4 Sandstone, light-gray (w/light pinkish gray), fine-grained, massive, well-cemented. At the base there are lenses as much as 30 cm thick of discoidal and tabular shale fragments mostly 2 to 5 cm with some 25 cm across dispersed in a fine sandstone matrix...... 0.9 59 Sample A304 0.3 m Fine ss. - gradational contact - 5 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light red­ dish brown), fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive. Horizontal laminae or less commonly microcrosslamination in the form of linguoid ripple marks ...... 3 62 Sample A3Q5 2 m Ss. - gradational contact - 6 Sandstone, lioht-gray (w/light gray or light reddish brown), fine-grained, medium-bedded, microcrosslaminated. Interbeds about 5 cm thick of microcrosslaminated, medium-gray (w/greenish gray), very fine sandstone. A few thin limestone beds as much as 12 cm thick that extend for up to 15 m la te ra lly ... 5 67 Sample A305 0.3 m Limestone from 15 m lens. - gradational contact - 7 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), very-fine-grained, fissile ...... 4 71 - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same or reddish brown), fins- to medium-grained, massive. Indistinct parallel lamination and less com­ monly microcrosslamination. Some cross­ bedding and a few shale fragments in the lower p a r t ...... 9 80 Sample A307 9 m Fine to medium ss. - gradational contact - 9 Sandstone, medium-gray (w/light greenish gray), fine-grained, massive, grades up to very fine sandstone ...... 1.8 32 Sample A308 1.5 m Fine ss. - slumped contact - 10 Shale, black, very f i s s i l e ...... 1.2 83 - oradational contact - 386

A 11 Siltstone, medium-gray(w/light greenish gray), massive. Locally fissile and with about 10 cm of thickly laminated varvoid layers at 2.4 and 3.3 ...... 6 89 Sample A309 2.4 m Varvoid mudstone. - erosion surface -

Thickness of iïîackellar Formation ...... 89+ m

Fairchild Formation - erosion surface -

1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or reddish brown), fins- to medium-grained, thick- bedded to massive, hard. Large-scale cross-bedding in upper 3 m (half of one set is 40 m wide). Parting lineation common and parallel at center and Side of trough. Sill 1 m thick at 4 m ...... 28 28 Sample A310 26 m Fine to medium ss. NOTE: Broad platform at top of unit 1. This level was traced across an east-trending fault with a throw of about 40 m onto the downthrow side. The section was continued about 1000 m to the southeast above the small dolerite outcrop about 500 m southeast of the base' of the section. The fau lt plane is marked by a dolerite dike about 1 m thick and on the northwest side of this a vein of calcite of similar thickness with well- developed rhombohedral cleavage. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, light-gray (w/very light gray and .light yellowish green), medium-grained, mas­ sive, but tends to be fissile, fine-grained and weathers greenish gray in the lower 6 m. Carbonaceous fragments and laminae common. Scattered metasedimentary and quartzose pebbles up to 15 cm long at 13 m, Dolerite sill 1 m thick at 27 m. Mainly dolerite scree above 27 m but the few exposures look the same as those below the s i l l 82 110 Sample A311 17 m Ss. Sample A312 63 m Ss. 387

Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same and light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive to thick^bedded. A few isolated metasedimentary and quartzose pebbles. Scattered pebbles as much as 6 cm long at 20 m. Fragments of carbonaceous and greenish-gray shale several cm long but less than 5 mm thick are common. A few stems. At 40 m a quartz cobble 16 cm long was found with scattered metasedimen­ tary pebbles...... 44 154 Sample A314 22 m Ss. Sample A315 41 m Ss. - gradational contact - Shale, dark-gray (w/buff and dark greenish gray), sandy, laminated. A few very fine sandstone beds up to 30 cm thick ...... 8 162 - erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light gray), fine- to medium-grained, medium- to thick- bedded, parallel and cross-bedded. Dark- gray(w/greenish gray) shale fragments mostly from 2 to 4 cm with some 10 cm across in the lower 1 m. Good stems in the lower part of the unit. Carbonaceouslaminae, shale fragments and shaly horizons common throughout 40 202 Sample A316 0.3 m Ss. Sample A315A 1 m Stems. Sample A317 27 m Ss. - erosion surface -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation 202 m

Buckley Formation - erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray(w/light gray), medium-grained, thick-bedded, parallel and cross-bedded. Lower 1 m is coarse-grained and has abundant shale fragments at the base 13 13 Sample A31S base Coarse ss. - gradational contact - 388

B C

Sandstone, black.(w/black, light gray and light yellowish brown), very-fine-grained, laminated, fissile. Several coaly patches and there is up to 10 cm of coal at the upper contact ...... 3 16 - erosion surface - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/same), coarse­ grained (gritty in lower 1 m), massive, in­ distinctly laminated ...... 2.4 IS Sample A319 0.5 m Very coarse ss. - contact in scree - Shale, black (w/same with some light gray laminae). In places coaly and contains some thin sand lenses. Concentration of rounded white quartz pebbles up to about 6 cm long at 9 m...... 17 35 Sample A320 9 m Pebbles. - contact in scree - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light greenish gray), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, indistinct parallel lamination and cross­ bedding. Some grit lenses. Coaly shale stringers from 3 to 9 m. Black shale frag­ ments mostly 5 cm with some up to 40 cm across are scattered throughout the unit. Carbon­ aceous laminae quite common ...... 15 50 - gradational contact - Shale, black (w/same), sandy and laminated in lower part, coaly in upper pa rt 10 60 - gradational contact - Coal, bright, laminated ...... 0.9 51 Sample A321 0.6 m Coal. - gradational contact - Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light yellow), medium-grained, massive. Highly carbonaceous and black in lower 1 m but still cross­ bedded ...... 5 66 - gradational contact - Shale, black, sandy, coaly. Fine sandstone laminae common ...... 2.7 69 389

A 10 Sandstone, light- to medium-gray (w/light gray), fine- to medium-grained, massive. Coarse quartzose lenses. Carbonaceous laminae and stringers up to 20 cm thick as well as carbonaceous shale fragments common. 24 95 Sample A322 10 m Coarse ss.

DOLERITE SILL, about 200 m thick. Thickness of Suckley Form ation...93+ m

Section A4. Conical dclerite-capped hill 3.3 km S 70° 11/ of filt. Angier. Elevation at bass of sedimentary section is 2270 m ( a lt.) . Position 830 20.8' 5; 160° 35' E.

nlackellar Formation SNOW.

DOLERITE SILL, 100 m exposed above the snow. 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light red­ dish brown), fine-grained, massive, indis­ tinctly microcrosslamina ted. Some shale fragments in lower 1 m or so 10 10 - gradational contact - 2 Shale, light- to medium-gray (w/light greenish gray). Rare beds of light-gray, very-fine-grained sandstone up to 10 cm thick. Slumped bed at 11 m 21 31 - erosion surface -

Thickness of Mackellar F o r m a tio n ...... 31+ m

Fairchild Formation - erosion surface - 1 Sandstone, light-gray (w/same or light red­ dish brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive. Indistinct cross-bedding, and microcross­ lamination. Shale fragments common in lower 1 m. Weathering produces close-spaced white soots uo to 1 cm across. A slumped horizon 390

from 9 to 11 m includes folds up to 1 m in height, A stringer of greenish-gray very fine sandstone from 11 to 12 m. At 17 m there is a surface with a local relief of about 50 cm overlain by dis­ continuous lenses containing pebbles and cobbles dispersed in a matrix of light-gray (w/greenish gray) medium- to coarse-grained sandstone. The 6 largest clasts measure (in cm) 30, 25, 27, 22, 15 and 13, A few stems 1 to 3 cm wide were found on the sur­ face, The surface, which is interpreted as the bed of a stream channel, forms a platform at least 5 m and up to 15 m wide for about 150 m. The pebble-bearing sand­ stone in the lower part of the channel is overlain locally by a lens as much as 2 m thick of laminated medium-gray (w/light gray and greenish gray) very fine sand­ stone, The upper 30 cm is complexly slumped or convolute-bedded 21 21 Sample A402 17 m Coarse ss, - sharp contact - Sandstone, very-light-gray (w/light gray or light reddish brown), fine- to medium-grained, massive, indistinctly laminated. Concentra­ tions of shale fragments and stems common. Scattered metasedimentary pebbles as much as IS cm long at 19 m, The beds become general­ ly medium-grained above about 15 m and in­ clude coarse-grained lenses above 46 m. Spheroidal calcareous concretions 1 or 2 m across are common particularly in the lower part of the u n it ...... 145 178

DOLERITE SILL, S m thick at 42 m.

Sample A4Ü3 19 m Ss « Sample A4G4 42 ,00 ■to 42.05 m Ss Sample A4Ü5 42 ,10 to 42,25 m Ss Sample A406 42 ,25 to 42.35 m Ss Sample A 407 42• S' m Ss. Sample A40S 43 ,4 m Ss. Sample A4G9 44 .7 m Ss. Sample A410 48 m Ss. Sample A411 61 m Ss . Sample A412 99 m Ss. Sample A413 128 m Ss. Sample A414 145 m Ss. 391

A B , C

- erosion surface -

Thickness of Fairchild Formation 178 m

Buckley Formation

- erosion surface -

1 Sandstone, white (w/very light gray and light reddish brown), medium- to coarse-grained, massive, indistinct coarse lamination. Quartzose and gritty in lower meter but fines upward.... 8 8 Sample A415 0.9 m Ss. - gradational contact - 2 Sandstone, greenish-gray (w/very light green­ ish gray), very-fine- to medium-grained, mas­ sive but finer grained beds are shaly ...... 5 13 - erosion surface - 3 Sandstone, white (w/white or light yellowish brown), coarse- to very-coarse-grained, mas­ sive, indistinctly laminated and cross­ bedded. Fine to medium sandstone toward top of u n it 11 24 Sample A41S 3 m Ss. - gradational contact - 4 Sandstone, very-light-greenish-gray (w/same), very-fine- to medium-grained, thin- to medium-bedded. Some shaly interbeds. Trails about 2 mm wide are common. Scattered rounded white quartz pebbles up to 6 cm across are found scattered through the upper 1.2 m but are concentrated at the base of that inter­ val. The surface at the case also contains burrows 5 mm across filled with sandstone with a ropy structure ...... 4 23 Sample A417 2.8 m Quartz pebbles in ss matrix. Sample A418 Trails. Sample A419 Pebbles loose on slope above base of unit. DOLERITE SILL. A remnant cap about 10 m thick. Thickness of Buckley Formation ...... 23+ m APPENDIX II

GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES - COMPUTER PROGRAM AND RESULTS

392 SEXECUTE OSUSYS 1 SOSUSYS RUN(50»300) 2 SSCATRAN SLIST»SBDECK 3 DIMENSION(T(30).U< 30).V(30).W(30)«X(30)»Y(30)«Z(30),PH(30) 4 D I MENS I ON ( M ( 20 ) » R ( 30 ) » S ( 30 > ) P» 5 FLOAT 1NG < MEAN »XF»MNMO)P 6 START WRITENOHEADlNG»OFMT1m 7 F OFMTl (1H0»///////»1ÔX»Q*GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES, FK - AFTER FOLK AND a ward (1957), IN - AFTER INMAN (1952 ),*)(» 9 CONT PROVIDED! NAME,LQ,3iREMEW!6) «WRITE OUTPUT,FMT20@ 10 F FMT20 (IHl)e 11 READ IN N, PHI PERCENTILES (5,16,25ETC), CLASS MIDPOINTS, AN 12 D CLASS LIMITS RESPECTIVELY (? I 3 READ INPUT,IFMTl»(N,(Z(J)»J=20,1»J,L,27))© 14 F IFMTl (I3,7F2,0)@ . 15 READ INPUT,IFMT3, ((V(I) , I=0,1 ,I,L,N))© 16 F IFMT3 (20F4,2)© 17 READ INPUT, IFMT3, ((PH(I) , I=-1,1,I,L*N))© 16 WRITE OUTPUT,FMT1,( (PH( I ), I =0, 1 , I,L,N-1) )© 19 F FMTÎ (1HO,10X,0*CLASS LIMITS-PHI*,20F6,2)© ...... M = 0© ...... 21 NEW PR0VIDED(M,L,6), TRANSFER TO (READ)© 22 WRITEN0HEADING,FMT2© 23 F FMT2 (IHl,/////////) © 24 WRITE OUTPUT,FMT1, ((PH( I ) , I=0,1 , I ,L,N-1 ) )© 25 M = 0© 26 C READ IN RESULTS C* GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS© 27 READ READ INPUT,IFMT2,(NAME,(W(I) , I=0,1,I,L.N))© 28 F 1FMT2 (L6 , 4X,20F3.0)© 29 PROVIDED(NAME,LQ,S++++ + S), CALL SUDROUTI NE( )=ENDJOB,( >© 30 PR0VIDED(NAME,LQ.&RENEW$), TRANSFER TO(CONT)© 31 READ OUT STATEMENTS INCLUDED WITH DATA© 32 PROVIDED!name.LQ.S S),READINPUT,IFMT5,( (S(L),L=0,1,L,L.1 33 2 ))© 34 w ( 12L6)© 35 vn F IFMT5 Lf) PROVIDED(NAME.LQ•* $> »WRITE0UTPUT«0FMT7« <(S(L),L = 0,1,L.L 36 . 12))® 37 F 0FMT7 77 PROVIDED!AA .G .50*00),AA =1 0.P.! !AA-50.00)/I 00)+0.699® 78 PROVIDED!AB .G .50.00),AD =I 0.P.! !A3-50.00)/1 00)+0.699® 79 PROVIDED!Z! J).G .50.00),R!J) = I0.P.! ! Z ! J ) “5000 . ) / 1 00 ) 4-0 .699® 80 GRAPH PH!J)=!!BD-BA)/!AB-AA))*!R!J)-AA)+BA® 81 PROVIDED!Z!9).NE.Z!10).AND.Z! 10).NE.2! I 1 ) ) ,TRANSFERTO! JUMP)® 82 PR0VIDED!Z!9).L.95), PH!26)=10.@ 83 PR0VIDED!Z!9).L.84), PH!25)=10.® 04 PR0VIDED!Z!9).L.75), PH!24)=10.® 85 JUMP WRITE 0UTPUT.0FMT5,!MNMO,SDMO,!PH!J),J=20,I♦J.L.27))® 86 F 0FMT5 ! IH , lOX, 7HM0M MN ,F4.2,7H STDV ,F4.2, 27H PCTLS!5,16,2 07 5,50,75,84,95) ,7F6.2) ® 08 C COMPUTE THE STANDARD GRAPHICAL PARAMETERS OF THE CURVE-® 89 MEAN=0.® 90 MEAN=!PH!2I )-fPH ! 23 )+PH ! 25 ) )/3® 91 SDF = 0.® 92 SDF=!PH!25)-PH!21) )/4+ ! PH ! 26)-PH ! 20 ) )/6. 6® 93 SDI=0.® 94 S0I=!PH!25)-PH!21))/2® 95 SKF=0.® 96 SKF=!PH!2I)+PH!25)-2*PH!23))/!2*!PH(2S)-PH!2I))) +(PH!20 97 )+PH!26)-2*PH!23))/!2*!PH!26)-PH!20)))® 98 SKI=0.® 99 5KI= !PH!21 )+PH!25) - 2*PH! 23))/! PH!25)-PH ! 21))@ 100 KF=0 .® 101 KF=!PH!26)-PH!20))/!2.44*!PH ! 24)-PH ! 22)))® 102 PR0VIDED!PH!26).C,9.00),SDF=0. ® 103 PROVIDED!PH!26).C.9.00),SKF=0.® 104 PROVIDED!PH!26).C.9.00),KF=0.® 105 w PR0VIDED!PH!25).LE.9.00),WRITEOUTPUT,0FMT6, *G.9.0) «PUNCH CARDS « 0FMT8 «< NAME « MNMO « SDMO ) (» 1 15 PROVIDED ® 118 SKIP M=M+1® 119 TRANSFER TO(NEW)® 120 END PROGRAM (START)® 121 SDATA 12 5162550758495 - 40 33 78 124 169 212 255 300 350 403 475 700 -100 10 57 100 147 191 233 277 324 377 429 521

quartzofeldspathic And lithic grains only .

MACKELLAR FM. 8Z301MM 2 25 55 38 1 1 BZ303MM 1 8 SI 78 34 13 10 5 BL005MM 2 28 65 65 15 BL009MM 4 54 109 82 34 15 8 +++++

w UD GRAIN SIZE analyses. I'K - AFTtrH FCLK ANU W'ÀKÜ ( 1 V ) 7 ) . |N - AF !£■< 1 NMA'I ( 1 ; 5 ^ .

CI.ASS O. K.! O.'i/ l.OC 1.4 7 I . 7 1 7 .M 2. il l.?4 5 . 77 4 .?0 S.?l

Ql.AiMZCFtinSPA IHIO ANO LITHIC GRAINS LCLY.

[VACKCLL.aR FM.

HZ 10 II'/ G'

,b7303M.GRAINS 0...... 0...... ü. ü. I. M. 61, ...... 70...... 34,...... 13. lo. , 9...... CLMLL PCT 0.0 0 .0 0. u 0 . i.i (.'. 9 4 . 3 3 3. 3 70. 9 .36 . 7 92 .9 9 7. 6 IGU.O MI'-M MN 3.19 STOV 0 . 04 i-'CTLS(9, In, 29 , 9(1, 79,: 4,99) 2 . 3(. 2 . 61 2 . 7 1 2 .9 !< 3. 37 3 . 6 7 4 .69 MFANIFK) 5.09 STOFVIFK) 0.6 2 SlOHVlIO) 0.93 SKhOlFK) 6.39 SKFW(IO) (/. 30 ‘l< T( FK ) ‘ IÏ44

151.CÜ9M GRAINS 0. ü. " U. 0. 0. 0. U. 2. 20. 6 9. 69. 19...... CO^LL i'C 1 n.O 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 O.U , l . l 1 7 . 1 94 . 5 91. 4 100.0 MKM MN 4.46 S1IV 0.91 l'C TES ( 9, I n , 29 , 90 , 79, 7 4 , 9n ) 3 . 9 3 3. 76 3.92 4.2 3 4 . 71 4 .96 9. 39 MF AN ( FK ) 4.31 STüFVlFK) 0.90 STuFV(lN) 0.6t' SKL'WiFK) 0.22 SisE'a IK'î) 6.21 K T ( F K ) . 0 . 9 9

;jL.C09M. 0!5A I iiS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4. 9)4 4 ...... 1 09...... 34 . 19. tî. COM 01. PCT (.,0 0.0 0.0 0 . u 0 .0 1.3 19 .0 94.6 81.4 92 . 9 97 .4 TUÜ.O MüM MK 3.39 STOV 0.8? PC ILS(9,1 6 , 29 , ,0,79 ,^ 4 , 99) 2 . 99 2 . 74 2 .P8 3 .I : 3.bl 3.86 4 MFA,N(FK) 3.27 STOFV(FK) 0.6? S T 0 F V ( l I 0.97 SKFW(FK) 0.3 5 SKLW(ÏM) u.23 KT(FK) 1.22

w VO -0 CLASS LHMTS-fHl 0.10 0.57 1.00 l.Af I.01 2.77 j.24 3.77 4.2 7 5.21

rAIfiChlLO .

B0CO3X I OS (I. 0. 0. 0. ... 40. ou. 4 1. 14. 5. 3. 2 . _. AOrUL JfC r 0 .U _ U . u 0.. O o . n . 5 ___ 20 . O __ 0 1. 5 04 ^.4 5a_,9.J.0C,0_.., MOM y,\ 2.71 srov 0.7,’. 0 C 1 L S ( ) , 1.6 , 2 0 , 5 0 , 75,' 4 , 5 5 ) l.l^ 2.17 2 . 2 7 2 .5 0 2 7 7 .3.1 K 3 . > 5 a 2H/>,\'(t-K) 2.05 SrOFV(l=K) 0.54 f.lCLVlIM 0.4 7 oKôo(fK) 0.25 SKtW(lN) 0. 1 M KT(FK) _l . l 7 ......

.!'0.CO6.v__CKAI\|S. . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 2 . I 7. 4 .; ...... 57...... 34 . 1,2...... V...... 1._____ COXUL PC r i).0 u). 0 u',0 0.0 i.l 1 1 . 5 3 7 .0 (->9.2 8 7 .0 0 4.5 00.5 100.0 .rorL M\__3_;.04 ..J,ri;v 0.71 .p cils (;i,io, 2 5 ,5 0 , 7 5 ,,- 5 4 , 0 .5 )...... 2 . 1 0 ...... 2 . 4 5 2 ,42...... 2.. 75, 3. 38 3.64 4..3 H 2 LAN ( IK ) 3.01 S rOi-7 I i-ix ) 0.7.3 5 1C IV ( IN ) 0.57 SKi:W(FK) 0.23 S^hW(Hi) 0.16 M I I- K ) I . 1. a

82 105 2 Oil A r.iS 0. 0. 0. 0 . 14. 52. 6>. 40. 5. 5. 1 . CliXUt. PC I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 7.) 35.3. 7t. . I 01.4 _ 95. 7 . 06._a 99.5 100.0 MOf-' UN 2.60 STOV 0.67 PC I LS (5, 16,25,30, 75,\ 4 , 05 ) 1 . 7 1 2 . 1 2 2 . 24 2, 5 2 /■ 8 6 3.0 5 3.68 PLAM(FK) 2.56 S FOLV (LK ) 0.50 srCLV(lN) 0.47SNLwdK) 0.23 SKuW(lN) 0.14 K T(F K) 1.16

a,v 10 7 y .0 3 AI -js 0 3 0 . 62. 4 ? 1 3 . 7. 4 . 3 . 0 . CUFIJL PC I u.u 0 O .>) 15.7 4L. 7 70 .'7 8 ,. 7 92.6 06.3 08.4 100.0 100.0 PCr PN 2.10 STuV 0 .7 7 t’CTLS(5, 1,50, 75 ,.' 4 , 05) 1 .4 7 1 . 47 1. 6 5 1 0 2 4 4 2.71 3.58 PFAN(I-K) 2.04. STOFVd-K) 0 .6 3 SICFV(IN) C.62 SKfW(hK) 0.41 SKIrWdO) 0.25 KT(FK) l.lo

UP 100 4 GRAl IS 0. 0. 0. 2. 13. 48. 4 I . 51. 23. P. h . 3 . CUPUL PCT O.C 0.0 0 .0 1.0 7 . 6 32. 0 52 . 8,.7 8 . 7 90.4 94 .4 9 5.5 100 .0 ",PCP PN 2. 8 2 STOV 0 . 80 PC ILS ( 5 , | 6,25 , 50 , 75 , x, , 95 ) 1. 82 2. 13 2.26 2. 7 1 15 3. 46 ''>.42 PCA\'(|-I<1 2.77 SrOFV(FK) 0.73 STCFVllN) 0.67 SKCo(F(s) 0.22 SKriW(iN) 0.13 K T ( F K ) ) . 1 0

w VD CD ...... ------• • -...... -...... -..... -...— ■ - ...... -...... ' ...... — ------■ ...... — ...... ------

class LIM1TS-|)HI O.IO 0.67 1.00 1 . 47" 1.9 1 2.3 3 2 77 7 5.24 3 . 77" "4 V ? ; 6 .2 7

LZ 504M G R AIMS 0. 0 . 5 . 29 . 7 5. 4 6 . 1.9 . 1 6. 7 . 2 . 4 . 0 ...... cumul PCT T, .0 0.0 1.6 16.2 6 3 .0 ^ l<>. 5 8 6.9 93.4 97.0 . 9 8 . 0 100.0 lOO.U KGK Hi\ ?.(Vi L TliV 0.7? i'Cl LS ( o , I 0 ‘jO , 70

i/.LCllK GRAINS 0. 0. 0. C. 10. ,43. 6 ‘j . 3?. 17. 7. 4. 4...... CUMUL EC I O.O' O.U 0.0 0.0 0.6 ?0.1 (j4. M 4?. 4 01 . îi 06.6 97. d I 0 0.0 MCM MIX 2.77 STUV 0. l-f PC TL S (;,lo ,20,60,76,04,06) 1.91 2.1G 2. 20 2.60 3.0? 3.3? 4 .? d I^EANdK) ?./0 rOhV(hK) (Î.63 SICEV(IN) 6 6KlW(FK) 0.36 SKi-W(IN) i,. 20 Kl(EK) l.?0

li LCl 3 M grains U. 1. 7. (. 6 . 7 1. 27. o, 4. 3. 1. ?. i.). CUMUL PCT 0.0 0.6 4 .? 3^. 7 76 .0 90, 1 94.); 96.9 90.4 , 99.0 I GO. 0 1 0 0 . 0 MOM MN 1.70 STOV 0.6 2 PCTLS(6,10,26,60,7;,94,96) 1.04 1.28 1.38 1.60 I."9 2.15 ?.H? MEAN(FK) 1.7.7 STDEV (EK) 0.48 STCLV ( IN ) 0.4 3 SKoO(EK) G.31 SKEW ( 19 ) 0.26 KT(FK) 1.4? ____

13LC18M GRAINS U. 0. 0. 0 . 9. 31 . 48 . 39. 2? . 10. 6. 4 ...... CUMUL PC I 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 6 . 3 23. 7 62 . 1 76. 1 88. 2 94 .1 97 .b luO.O MUM MN 2.92 STDV 0.95 PCT LS ( 6 , 17,, ? 6 , 60 , ?6 , ' 4 , 96 ) 1.7l 2 . 22 2 . 36 2 . 74 5. 24 3. 68 4 . 62 MEAN(EK) 2.8 6 SI DEV(EK) 0.74 STDEVCIK) u .6 8 SKLW(EK) 0.30 SKLWIIK) 0.24 KT(EK) 1.22 .

PUCK LEY EM.

882COM GRAINS 0. 0. 3 . 44 . hh . 4 7. 1 2 . 6. 5. 1. 3. 4. CUMUL PC T V, .0 0.0 I .6 ? 4 . j 6 > . 8 84 . 7 9 1 .0 94.2 96.0 »b.3 9 7.9 100.0 MOM MN 1.98 Slc V 0.98 PCTLS (6, I 6,? 6 , 60, 76 , ;4,95 ) 1 . 20 1. 39 1 .4 7 I . 79 2 . 14 2 . 5, 5.61 MeAN(FK) 1.83 TDEV(EK) 0.68 STLEV(IK) 0.46 SKLW(EK) (1. 3? SKI: W ( 1 N ) 0 . 1 6 K T ( EK ) 1.4?

w VD UD BÏI o n t'l (>N)iM UO*0 (>.1)M:IMS OZ'O l'Hd)H?>!S (.<'.•0 o9*0 ( >1=1 ) S ‘ if*7‘f Ç v'g Ai *7 i

ff*l (>ld)l>! Of'O (NI)M1%S efO (>1:I)'^">>IS ,0*0 (NI) ADD IS V0*0 (M:J)AFjniS f.^'*l (MrDKVIlO d%*v 1L, ' 2 _9i:*c! ,?<;*J _^V^*1_ _l‘/_*l 00*1 ( ',0 ' Vl ' ' 09 ' oj ' 9 t ' 9 ) si LD,' Oil * 0 AOiS 00" Z — ■ 'o • ooY ■'o* 06. 0*'l7.0 *'9f,' Ï * V6" V ' OH I ’I.L (i 9 ..Z*OZ 9 * V " 0 * O' 9*0 ...... 1 Dd' 10X00 *Z * Z *V * 9 *10 * 1Z ' <9 *'

99*1 (>ld)i>! 00*0 (On^Ti>!S 60*0 (%j)^OOS 09*0 (NllAlOiS •//* 0 (>IH)AD'!iS 19*1 ( Mrl ) Î-.V? n d 00*1 90 *Z 2 / * 1 01 *1 .....' (JÜ* 1 "" Z9'*0' .60*0 ( 96 ‘ v,. ‘ 97 ‘ 00 ‘ 9Z ‘ 91 ‘ 9 ) S‘l J DO 9 O' 0 AoiS '?9* 1 NO A 00 0*001 0*001 t ” ri( n ’ l.C. 7’it i'y.t D * 9 H '}*<;j 9 * 9 V. *9c’ V * 0 1*9 1 0,| 10X0 D ' *d *Z Z *1 *0 •] *1:1 ' /J7 * 99 ...... " 'iV.' '•'9 " *7 S' I VMO' Xl 1110 '

9 1*1 ( Md ) IM 9Z *0 1 O llMiyS ' (VZ *'D ll! JlXlxS ' <,g *0 ( Nil ) AdOiS 09*0 ( Xd ) AdülS " dZ* Z 1 >1:1 ) ,''VdX 0 9 * V 9 0. * Z 19*.: 0 I Z* 10*1 69*1 '?Z * I 1 9 6 ‘ V . ‘ 9 7 ‘ 09 * 9 Z ‘ 9 1 * 9 ) S11D-.! 07*0 A" 19 ÜZ'Z >;W X.IX 7) "001 V* 66 ..0 *7)6 " 9 *76 ...... 1*06 7 *x7" 9 *09 L ’ 7A 0* d 1*9 0*0 ...... 0*0 1 DO 10X0 3... * 1 *1 * z *zi *61 'Id *9'/ *0*; * o' *9 *0 _ * 0 __ __ S7'l V_XO_ Aib'ViOZ^

'/Z*l (>!d)lM 91*0 ( N I ) MflOS 91*0 I >1 d ) M1 >19 99*0 (M)AIOID 09*0 (XDAdQlS 99 * Z (>H)NV3X ”09 *1; 9f *Z ' 17 *Z OT'Z 10*7 ”11 ' 1 .....19 * 1 (96' ';ô‘‘ 97 ‘'09 ‘ 9 Z ' 9 i ‘ 9 ) 9 1130 07 *1) AO IS 8t *'Z” \W 'XOT 0*001 *7*66 7 *96 I ’ J (. 1 *Z6 0 * 9 7 0 * Z 9 Z*61 ;, * 9 9*0 0*0 0 * !) 13d 10X03 * 1 ... * 1...... "*-Z------*0 r *9 Z '*"*7 ----- * 99 — *ZZ *11 *1 ...... • 0... ' ' 0 ..... SOI \Til f "X 9 Î 0 7 d

2'*7*T TMdyïV ” zv''^dldT)MJNS ro ^D ' ldJ j'Hdxs IT* r id] ) Add I S ' ”or*d "Md ) AdJi9"”9fr z (YdTNoTrT Z6*t ZV ' z *79 * ,7 1! * 1 99*1 O'* * 1 f.3*T ( 9 6 ‘ 99 ‘ 9 7 ‘ O', * 9 Z ‘ 9 I ‘ 9 ) S11 3d 00* 1 AGJ S ll'Z NX XÜX 6 * 00 1 Z * 96 71 * 76" Z * *76 <* * 06 0 * V O 6 * *76 "O' Z9 I ' IZ 9* V ...... 0*0 " 0*71 1 3,1 10X03 • V * Z * 9 * 9 * 9 1 * 91 *rv. *V 9 *nv. *9 *0 *n SM.VXO XVllXt!

IZ'9 6 Z * *7 il'\- 7Z*V. 77 *Z V. V * Z 19*1 7 9*1 00*1 / 9*0 01 *0 IHu-SlI^Il SSV3 ------— ------— ■ --- - -......

c L aT s L~I f1 r fs-PH I 0.10 0:9/ 1.00 Ï. 4I' .....u n '

EWII7.V GPAIMS 14. 38. 99. 4 7. 2 0." ’>. i). b. 3 . l . U. Ü. CUMUL l'CT /. .6 24 . 6 92 .6 74.9 H ; • .2 . 3 > . 99 .9 1 (''^1» U IGp.U lUU.lL_...... NCr k'N l.Cf SIL'V (i.;u PCTLS ( b , ,-jO , /9 , ?• a , 99 ) -ü.(':c 0.4? ü.bB U./o 1.47 1.70 ?.73 KEA^(FK) 1.U4 S T1) E V ( r K ) 0 . / 9 SIOEVIl is' ) 0 . b 7 _S i< l- i>. ( R<) 0 . 2.4 _ S KE W(_J fs. ) 0 .. 19 K T ( F K ) . 1 . ? ‘ j ___

EEZIPy GMAl-iS...... w ...... 9 ,...... 0...... 20. ,90...... 46...... 2ii., 19.______9...... 6... 2. 1. ____ CLNUL PCI O.U 0.0 0.0 14.0 42.9 6H.2 Mi.B 92.2 99.0 99.J 99.4 100.o ,2..W . .rjl:V p . 00 .PC1LS(9,._l6,2.n 90,.79r':4,99)_ . l,4/_ .l..51__,l.69 __2,03 2.90 _2. /F 3,77 KEAN(FK) 2.11 STOEVlFiO 0.67 SICEVlIN) 0.64 SKlWIFIO 0.34 SKEw(IN) 0 . 1 M Ki(FK) 1.1/

O- .CLASS L,liUJ5,TLKI .-tL. 2 Ü ..3 J- -Q.. , . 2 .16.— 2 .X.3i__..3.JJ/:>.— . .6, U_.

..F:.HEyaU,Vv..FlJRXATI,C;'J.. i'^^cboLE GlAC.1 LIL .AKLA...... I. -......

.bE_CU9f/. .6 3 A1 !.S ...... V. ...0. U. 2.C------133, . l l ü . . . .2 2 . IV. A...... 6...... 3.. u •_ CLiVLL l-T. r 0.0 0.0 0 .0 6.1 4(^.0 Ov.O HO.O 04.4 0 7.0 OH.O 9’J.2 100.0 lOO .0 _MOr_.MN 2.04 SI OV 0 ..6 3 J2C JLS ( 6.U 6,26, 60,.73 , 3.4., I ..34...... l.,A:3___.l.,_?4...... l_. . 2.7 _ 6.I.L 14 r'EAN(f-K) 2.03 STDCv (l-K) (;. 4 0 Si|:EV(l\') 0.4 1 SPvlw(I-K) 0.27 SI\i.-K(lN) 0.24 K T ( F K ) 1.40

b F 0 14 K :33AI.'iS >.!. O. 0. (J. 1. 17. H2. Od. 02. 4C. 21. 4. U. CL3LL EC! 0 . 0 . _ 0 . 0 0.0 0 . 0 n. j 6 . / 31.7 . 6 2 . 0 .....7-» ..4 ...92 . 1 .9b . 7 1 0.0 . 0 loo.o MOM MK 2.99 SI UV 0 .(,6 I'CILS('), 10,24,90, 76,0/, , 9 9) 2.19 2.46 2.67 2.>‘9 ’.. 32 3 .6 1 4 . 34 .^.EA.t(.FK_L 6^L...S.r.!:;EV ( FK L .V ._62._. S in.FV (_1 N )._(L.3'/\__.SFFh ( FK ) ...0. 2H SKEW I.l N )_ .0 ,..24_ __.,\1 ( F^ )_ ] , 2 1_

b.F.C2 2M.,..0RAlMS O. ..0 ...... 4 ...... 54 . . 136. t M.; 2 7.. 7. 16 . 3. 0. 1. 0 ... CLMLL FCf 0.0 0.0 1 .4 20 .0 06.6 F 1 . 7 9 I . (; 9 3.4 9b. 6 ;9. 7 99. 7 lOU.U I 00. 0 MOM MN 1.77 STOV 0.63 i>C 1 L S ( 6 , U ., 2 6 , 50 , 7o , 0.4 ,.95.) .. J ..0.7 . 1 ...JO., 1,40 .U.6 L. 2.012.27 3. 17 MFANIFK) 1.75 STOF.VlFK) 0.56 S TOEV ( 1 \' 1 0.4 I SKLW(FK) 0.32 SKEW! INI 0.22 isT(FK) 1.40

bFG29M GF4INS 0 . 0. 1. (■ , 6 3 . 6 0 . 5 9 . 3 3 . 15 . b. 4. 0. U . CUMLL. I'.CI. 0 .0 0 .0 _ (1.4 2.b . 2r,L_52,2___.75.9 . ^ _9b._4 lOO.O lOO.U 100_.0_ rCM MN 2.25 STOV 0.65 >C TLS ( 5 , I 6 , 25 , :>0 , 75 , 6 4 , 95 ) 1 . 4 7 1 . 73 1 .P 3 2. 1 3 2 .62 2 . ' b 3 42 MFAVIFK) 2.25 STLEV(FK) 0.50 S T i: E V ( I \ ) . Ü . 7„. SM: Vi ( F K ) . 0 . 3.1 SKFW.I INI. 0. 3.0 KT(FK) 1 .02

bFCIOM ORA INS 16. 7t 9 A . 7-1C . I 7 6. u 0. 0. 0 . 0 . CLMLL PC I 12.0 3ri.l 6 9 . 6 99.6 9'3. 3 97. 3 62.7 I 00.0 100.vj 1 00 . O 100.0 100.0 Too. 0 MOM MN 0.56 S loV 0 . 6 ” 20 ILS ( 5 , I 6 , 26, 50, 75, ”4 , 9 5 1 -Ü ..6/) -Q. 0 9 .....0.12 0. 5 1 0. 93 1 . 1 7 ' 1 b 3 MLA V(F K ) 0. 5 3 ' STO E V(F K) 0.6 9 S TOEV(IN) 0.65 S k E W(FK) 0 . 0 5 S K L K(IN) u .0 4 KT(FK) 1.27

4>- O . w CLASS Lll^ITS-PHl -0.2i Ü.31 O.Pl 1.1A 1.M6 ^.16 J.64 3.06 3.4) 3.06 4.36 5.77

b F C 4‘j.v JS V. U. 0. 36. 14/. 91. 41. 24. 9. 8. '9. Ü. U. CLKUL FC 1 ii.O (}.0 0.0 R.'>, 9('.4 70.4. .H R . 0 ...... ^4.9 ...... 96. 3 . Hi. h . lOO . 0 1 (J0,..0„ 100 ,0 ' r c r XN .9 9 STIJV 0.6J I'C ILS (9, 16,29,30,79,"4,99) 1.34 1.92 1.65 1.69 2. 14 2.46 3.09 (,FK ) 1 . 79 STOFV ( FK ) G . 90 STOFV I I N ). 0_./• 7 ...,SKFVi.LFjsL.O • S.KEW.l.ill.). 0 ..2 9 KT ( FK ) 1.4/ _____

UF048F uKAlNS 0. 0. 0. 2. 9<. .. 73. . _R 2. ,, 3 9. 1 9 ...... 11. /. .4. ^ 0_. CLXLL IH: 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 . / L ). ) 4 4.9 /3.7 F 6. u 92.3 76. 1 90.6 100.0 100.0 MCr XN 2.39 STOV 0.72 PC T L S { 9 , 1.6 , 2 9 , 9 0 , 7 9 , F 4 , 9 9 ) 1.69 1.93 1 .99 2. 24 2.68 2.98 3.80 XLAN(FK) 2.39 STOFV(FK) 0.61 SIOLV(IN) 0.9 8 SKLO(FK) 0.36 SKEW(IN) 0.28 KT(FK) 1.21

8 F C 5 6 X GK/MiS O. Ci. 0 . 2 . 32 . 98 . 71 . 61. 28. 19. 13. 0. 0. CLXLL PCI 0.0 0.(; 0.0 0 .6 10.4 40.4 64 ,2 82.9 91 .4 9 6.0 100.0 1 00.0 100.0 XOX MM 2.49 SILV 0.67 PCILS(5,16,29,90,75,"4,99) 1.7 3 1.96 2.09 2.39 2.66 3.lu 3.84 /''CAIV(FK) 2.47 STOFV (TK) 0.61 STOFV(IN) C;. 4 7 SKhVi ( FK ) 0.36 SKFW(IN) 0.31 KT (FK) 1.07

8F404M GRAINS o. _ 0. 0. 1. 2). 68. 109. 69. 31. _19. 20. 9. J 0. CLXCL PCI 0.0 O.U 0.0 Ü. 3 6 .4 26. 2 9o.9 77.0 86.0 91 .9 97.4 100.0 100.0 MOM MN 2.70 STOV 0 . HO PC I LS ( 9 , 1 6 , 29 , 90 , 79 , 4 , 99 ) 1 . 82 2.09 2.19 2. 9 3 3.01 3.14 4.48 MLAN(FK) 2.(4 STOLV(IK) 0.72 STOFV(IN) 0.64 SKLW(FK) 0.36 SKLO(IN) 0.26 KT(FK) 1.2/

L.F5C9M (.RAINS 0 . 0 . 1 . 10 . / 3. 83. 61 . 44 . 2 1 . 8 . 3. Ü. O. _ CLMLL PC I 0.0 0.0 I.. 3 3 . 8 27 . u 94.9 7 ). 0 09.') 96.4 99.0 100.0 100.u JIOu.O MOM MN Y. 23'“~ SfliV 0 .6 ) I'CTLS ( 9 , 16,29, 90, 79 , -.4 ,99 ) 1. 42 1 . 72 1 . 8 Y ' 2 . 1 f ' 2 . 64 2788 ' 3135"' . MLAN(FKj 2.24 S TOEV ( F K ) 0 . 98 STOLV ( IN ) U.9H SKtk(FK) 0 . 3 1 SkFIv ( 1 H ) (). 34 KT(FK) 0.9 9

8F93 3M I,RAINS 0. 0. 0. 4 . 40. 116. 10,. 45. 14. n. 9 . 2. 0 . CLMLL PCI 0 .9 (),(/ 0 . 0 1,3 12 . 7 46.2 7 /. 6 ' 90.9 94.9 96. G 99.4 1 0 0 . 0 100.0 " MOM MN 2.39 SlOV 0.62 PCI LSI 9, 16, 29 ,9 0 ,7 9 ,'4 ,9 9 ) 1.66 1.9 1 2.02 2.22 2 . 59 2.84 3.94 MLAO (I k ) 2 . ) 2 "S Il'LV (FK ) 0.92 STPFV ( IN ) 0.46 S.sFW ( FkT 0 . 37 “' l l u Y ( IN )' 0 ^ 3 4 K I ( FK ) 1 . 3 6...... 4Ss 03 o

UZ'\ (NrDJVI 0'--l) ( :V I ) A I C.l I ZV'() ( >lrl ) UZW. ('I W ,'J fO't Z('Z ZV'Z I, { ' Z Ob* I 6/ "I yq*l (^,b''O','bZ'vl 'b)Sl.l3,l VA *U AOiS tt'Z N,: aUj.-J 0'*00T ' n'OOT 0 ‘f;b H * SVIVIIV J^vnvjiw

VZ*1 (Md)lN OZ-0 (JillM.lMS lf*0 L'v*0 (MlA-Kll'j Z/*0 ( >1:! ) All'JJ S 0'»*Z (>1 d ) \'V ^ IV * V /Z*e bb*Z l^*z 1 I*Z in-Z V/ * 1 {'Vb‘V:<‘VA ‘OV‘bZ‘Vl ‘blSdiClJ u r n AUIS AV / MW dU4 0*001 0*001 Z'l.b CWj; 4; ' H H i ' l l A * Of, O * O - 0* 0 0*0 0 ' O .1 3,1 10/100 ‘ rr" '(. ' ' g I ■ ■ '

Z')" I 7 Md ) J N bY *0"'( N ll'M lW ' V V* D ( »‘dTM^MS ■■^^,7*0 " r,\i] ) A3Ü 1 Oo'*o r74)/dO. HÏ- M 7'7 d ) iv V d/J VZ*V Z1 G1*Z 0^*1 Zl*l 1Z*1 Vb'O (Çib‘V> ‘AA‘nb*'.?‘9l ‘blSlJOd 00" 1 AOIS C (■ * 1 MO A! 0/1 ()*“''!010 * 0 0 1 f*Vb 1 * V V’ lf) f.*iVSi b*ZH O. *AV V ' f V ' ' / Z M * Z 0*0 0 * " .13/1 10 Nil 3 *0 *11 *01 *01 *01 *0Z 'JZ * vv *V11 ‘ Mb’ *('l *0 •" S'lVWO XEVOd.l

* A ' d VllVd

0 * 1 {Md)lM A V*0 (Ml)iVlMS 0 S * 0 (Md)MlMS 02*0 (Ml)AdOIS ld)A:10LS AE*Z (MdlMWld O l* V 0A *Z 7l*Z WH*1 ■9A*I OV*r ( 0 b * v •< * 9 A ‘ 0 V ‘ 9 z ‘ O ( ‘ <;) S 1 I 3d Ad* Ô AÜ i S 0 V * Z'0 7 ' OO 0*001 O'OOl l*Ab A * 10 r.'Oii f*lb WOA A * Z A U'iZ f'Z £‘0 0 * 0 0 * 0 .1 3rl 1 0 X 0 3 ■ *0...... *0 *11 " *\. I------vz ■ *9t“ ■ *a7; • 10 -40 *iO - I *0 *0...... "si.ivao'xTomu'

At * 1 ( x'd) 1 M V z " (F I Ml ) Ml i s lT*()' ( 'Id ) O'd MS 3v*o 7 \ ] ) AdOJ. S tV * 0 ( >ld ) Ad (! J, S’ « 0 * 1 (Md)MVdX Ot *(: t< *Z 91*Z ;; A * 1 (.*7*1 Vt * 1 00*1 (',0 ‘ V-.; ‘ SA ‘ OS ‘ AZ * VI ‘ A ) SI J.3d ZA'O AOIS 00*1 MX /I OX ' 0*001 0 * 001 S * 7 0 A • iff. 0*4f, I-ÇO V • ‘>0 .'*SA ' 1 * 9 (, 1 * ‘ .f 1 <■, * 1 9 * 0 0 * 0 130 10X 13 * 0 *z * V *01 • Z1 * A Z * 9 V * A A • 1 9 1 * OS * V * Z * 0 SMVHO XAlSd'd

A A * 0 V b * V " ( * i i V t 90 *i: V9 • Z o 1 • Z 9 ! : • 1 VI "1 lf'*0 11 * 0 V;Z*0- IHd-SilXIl SSV13 CLASS LIN'IT S-PH I -0,?3 1 . 8 6 2 . 16 2 . 6 4

BI-2ULN' GRAIXS O...... (.1. U • ' 1 7 6 . 84 3o 1.9. 9 . 0. A. 4. o. CUiVUL_PCr, . O.Q. (1.0 0 . 0 5 7 . 1 7') . 8 87 . 9 0 7 . 98 . 0 100 . 0_1 OO , 0_ KCK KN Ï.9 3 SIDV 0.70 3 , 8 4 t 9 3 ) I . 3 4 1 M 2.08 2.4 0 3.36 0 .4 7 _SKL w ( f K)_,(i.'

HF.Rj3fG..GRA.[:;S...... _0... . 0 -, o • 99 , ._.JC 74 . 46. 16 ._ 9. P., 0. GURUL PCI G . 0 O.U 0.0 2 . 3 2 . 0 3 3 . 2 7 3 .3 100.0 RO R _ N'N (- . 2 / _SJI .\ 3 , 8 4 , 3 3 ) 1* 30 .. 1. 69 • RLAN(LK) 2.24 S 0 . 3 SKL W { F I< ) 0 .

01-2 lor CRAIGS 0 . 0 . 1 . 24 . 8 f • i ' l l 80. 30. 1 4 . 12. 8 . J. curi;L i'C r C . 0 O . 0 0 . L' 0. 7.. o 3o • o 60 ,. 8 lOO.O '3 , r 4 , 9 3 ) 1. 8 I 2 on .3 0 _ u K i; 0 . 0 —- W( FK

0 F 2 ? ? r GRAl iS * 1 • (). 0 20 . 9 9 . 9 1 6 2 D M . 3u. 7 . 6 . _ 0 ccruL PC) 0.0 O.U 1 . ') 6 . 30 . j 3 3'. 3 ’ (Ur. 8 I 00. Ü rc r i'N ?. 29 STi; ^3 , 19 3 ) I . 23 1 70 V r: A / 1 V ■> (. % 0 . 7>, • SOL W ( F8 1 0 .

PF237r oRAI'iS u. O. 1. 19. hr, 64. 4 i. W. 12. 9. 7. 6. o. CUrUL PC 1 u.O 0 .0 0.4 t. .6 34. 7 6 1 .2 7 ,.9 86.0 90.9 ''4.6 97.3 LOO.O 100.0 ror'VN' 2 .?3 '■ STiW U . 27 PC 1 LS ( 5,1 6 , 26, 30, 73 , ''4 ,96 I I . 29 ...... 1.62 1 . 7 6 ^ '“ 2 T o 3 2 . 1 , 2 ...... 2 .9 4...... 4.07 ri:A\(|-K) 2.20 Sri.C«/(FK) 0.73 SlCtV(l.N) 0.66 GKlwIFK) 0.42 SKLWIIO) 0 .3 7 KT(FK) 1.30

PKOOor GRATIS 0. 2. 14. 1 1 r:. 52. 47,. 29. 13. 6 . 9. . 0 ._ cur CL per o. o d.o c.7 3.6 41.9 " 02.0 / o. 0 nu. 2 92.7 94.8 97.9 loo.u 100.0 ror nv 2.IH sruv o.rs PcrLS(3,i6, 23,30,75, :4,93 ) 1.31 L.6I 1.72 i.oo 2.33 2.or 4, 02 r FAN ( FK ) 2 . 13 S I GFV ( FK ) 0. 73 ' S I CLv ( 1KÏ 0 . 6 3 ' SKFWi FK ) 0.48 ' SKLWÏÏN | 0 :.'4 4 ' KT (1%) I . 36 o- Ü1 CLASS 1. I y I 1 S-PH1 -0.?3 0.3i G . t.'1 1.34 1.ï;6 ?.16 2 .('4 3.06 3 .4 1 3.96 4.P6 9.7/

PKGOHF GRAINS ?/ . 3H. 97. 109. 96. 29. 11. 6. 7. 6. 16. 9. i). CUKUL PCT 6.1. 16. Ü . 32 . 7 62 .0 7 7 . 7 .. P4 . 0 . R.IL, 3... V .. i _,9 U 0 ,.,94 . ,1.. 9(1, .,6.„l 00^ IL.J 00....0^ „ POP KN 1.32 STOV 1.20 PC ILS(9, 16,29,90,79,44,99) -0.39 0. 10 0.62 1. 1 2 1. 76 2 .13 4 . 13 ..MEAN.(f K.I.._1.U9 S .r n r /U 3_ ,9 TO.LVI 10) . 0„. V,1 ,SKLW(„(:Ki ...... 9KPW.(.1N,)..J),. )(),_...KTjFKJ , .l.,._6 A_._.______

. 0,K02f

-ps o CT» .21 ... (jV/ 12/6/ . hC6C0» H A un

J2.LASS n_..IQ 0.,.^7 — L._?A_. 3._72—^ 4 ...... 5.21.

.Ji.AT'ni.X....l NC.LUDb S, 2HY LLf'S.l L.l CA 1 !:S ...... - . -...... — ..

______KACKbLLAR F,'.

______ILZ.3Ü.I GRA.I.IS 0 ,...... ù_._...... f:.,------2_.------2 ------CUi^UL PCI O.C 0.0 O.U O.U 0.0 0.0 O.O 0.0 12.1 . O ‘31 . 6 100.0 lYOR Run' 3.46 STUV 1.47 PCTLS ( 5 , I 6 , 20 ,50., 73 ,.04.,.05 ) 3.33 3. >0 .4.11 3.02 %.00 0.70 12.42 1 M3U1 I-1C 1 ilNl LAIA F UP 01. I F RP I 11 00 OR \RllIC'\L P AKA'-F 1 LU S

uzsoY 'ORAIOS 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. n. Ul. /u. )4. 13. 10. 24. _CUrUL PC I 0.0 0.0 0.0 _ Ü.0...... U.4...... 3_..0...... 30.6 64 .6...... 79 . 3, _j,U3. 2 . 89 . 3 . luO . 0 ------MOP M\ '1.47 STOV 1.13 PCTLS(3,lu, 23 , 30,73,84,93) 2.38 2 .63 2 . 73 3.04 .3. 39 4 . 1 8 6.30 MFAN(FK) 3.28 SlOLVIFlO 1.0 I SrcFVllN) 0.77 S K F W ( F K ) . Û . 3 8 _ ^ 5 k b.k.l IN), o .47 KT(FK) 1 .9 6 _ .

11LC03 GRAINS...... 3!. . , 0 . 0 . 0.. . 0 ...... 0. .. o ...... 2...... 2B. 63. 63. 37. CUMUL per 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.U lO.o 0.0 0.0 1.0 13.2 40. 2 81.2 100.0 MOM MN 4.74 STIW 1.17 PCTLS ( 3 , I u , 23 , 30 .J3 93 )...... 3. 5 3 . 3 ,,79^._ J ^99 4 .3.4...... 4 . 97 3 . 3 3 . 3 . 8 7_ MLAN'IFK) 4.49 3 T 0 Î V ( F KI 0.73 SfOFVll.V) 0.77 SKFW(FK) 0.30 SKFW(IN) 0.29 KllFK) 0.97

PLC09 GRAINS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4. 4 4 . 1 09 . «2 34 . 1 3. loo. CUMUL PCT 0 . 0 0.0 _ 0.0 0 .1 0.0 1 .0 14.6_ 42.0 62.6 71.I .74.9 100.0 ...... MOM MN 4 . 13 STOV 1 . 70 PCÏLS ( 3 , 1 6 , 2.) , 30 , 73 , '4 ,93 ) 2.3) 2.8 1 3.01 3.43 3. 24 7.80 11.73 MFANIFK) 4.(.9_;jUFVlFK)__0.X)\n_..M.t:ry( ------J

o CL/NSS 0.10 0.17 1.CÜ 1.4/ 1.4 1 7.3 3 ?. 7 7 3 .24 3 . 7 7 4 .2-j 5.?1

F/M RCh lLC F7' .

LOC 01 G K A IG' S 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . l i . 41. 6 0 . 41. 14. 1 . 3. 40. __ CL7/1:L. j'C T____ G . 0 q . 0 _ 0 . () 0 . 0 ^ .?4 . 1 __ 1 3_ __.7 7^ . L.v*.?L 1 ____ ('■Cf' v,\ 3.46 LICV 1.76 ROILS (6, 16,21,1C,76,04,01) l.O-i 2.24 2. 34 2.73 3 13 6.0 6 11.HU REANIFX) 3.;7 SrOFVd-K) 0 .00 ITl LV ( lf\ ) 2. 16 CKLW(FK) 0 . Ü0. _ SKL W ( 1 0 )_Jd.70_ KKPK) 0.00

.aiiCqo...... GRAI ;C r (I.O 0.0O.O O.O l.o 10.4 34.2 62.4 70.2 13.1 80.6 10 0.0 LOR LN 3.44 SI IV 1 . 36 C 11. S { 1, 1 6 , ? 1, 1C , 7.1, ■ ; 7 ^ , . . 0 2 ..2 0 .... 2,. 4 0...... % .6 l...... 3 62 4 . 18 (> ._4_6 LEA\(FK) 3.24 S rUF. 7 I FK ) 1.07 SICEV(IK) 0 . ' 1 SM O dK ) 0.4:. SKl.K'(lO) 0 . 3o ktTfk) I.'aT

UMIOI OKATIS 0. 0. ■'). ' 0. 14. 12. 61. 40. 1. 2. 1 . 2 2 . CLRLL RC 1 0..) 0.0 ' 0.0 , 0.0 6.7 31.7 63.0 82.2 86. I .4 7.0 8 0 .4 ,1 0 0 .0 ...... FCR F,\ 3.05 STOV 1.47 RC 101(5,16,25,10,71,^4,01) 1 .01 2. 14 2.27 2.10 3 0 4 3.41 7.15 LFAO(FK) 2.74 ilOÏV(FK) 1.10 SfCFVfIK) 0.67 SKR4(FK) D.11 SKRWllN.) o. 34 KTIFK) 2.11

8M107... CKAIOS ...... 0 ...... 0.. .. 0., 30. 62 . 4'2. 2 3. ;13. . 7...... 4. 3. ^ 11...... CLLOL RCl 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.7 41.1 61.7 70.4 81.3 80.2 ,01.2 02.6 100.0 LCL LN 2.46 STOV 1.46 RCTLSI 1 , 1 6 , 25 , 10, 71,: 4 , 95 ) 1 .4 7 1 . 10 1.68 2 .0 1 2 61 3.10 6.75 LFA:\(FK) 2.20 SrOFVIFK) 1.20 ST DRV I I \ ) 0.60 SKLWIFK) 0.58 SKFW(IN) 0.37 KTIFK) 2.13 1

8X100 GRAMS o. 0. 0. 2 . 1 3 . 48. , 4 1 . 1 1 . 23 . 8. 6 « 17. COLGL RCT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7. 1 29. 0 4 v. 3 73 . 1 84 .4 88.2 91.9 100.0 LOR MN 3.10 STOV 1 .31RClLSdV 16, 21 , 50, 71, 34 , 05)' 1 . 83 2 . 15 ' 2 . 28 2 . 73 i 31 3 . 71 i Vo i LFAN(FK) 2.(9 SIOFV(FK) 1.03 SIOFVIIK) 0.80 SKFWI FK ) 0. 38 SKFW(l'J) 0.21 KT(FK) 1.6o

o 00 CLASS LIKirS-PHI n .io 0.57 1 . 00 1 . A 7 1 .01 ?.33 ,'’. 7 7 3.24 3. // 4.29 5.2 1

UV 304 GRAINS 0. 0. 1. 20. 7 3. 40. 10. 15. 7. 2. 4. 11. CUrUL PC r...... 0 . 0 ...... 0.0 ...... 1.4 .15. 3 .50,2...... 72,2 _ /(I .3 .j3 0 ..5...... 01 . .C 92.H 94.7 100.0 RCiv KN 2.30 STOV 1.31 PC ILS ( 5 , U>, 25 , 50 , ?'3 , .‘.4 , 05 ) 1 .25 1.49 1.65 I. ) I 2.4 5 2 .9' 5 . 34 NFAN(FK) 2.11 S 11 L V ( PlO 0 .00 .... S I 0 1V.( l.N ) 0 . 7 2 „ M L.k(f K.L..O.. 55 SKEW {_ljiL.0.42 KT(FK) 2.09

HLOl 1 ÜRAI.MS ...... 0...... _,.0...... _ .0...... 0 . 1 " .... 4 3,. _ . 6 5 . _____3 2 ...... 17 . _. 7 ...... 4 . 42.______CUrUL PCI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 24.1 53.6 66.2 75.3 7 9.1 80.9 100.0 POP M,\ 3.50 Sri.V 1.79 PC 11 S ( 5, I 6, 25 , 50, /5 ,04 , 95) 1 . 93 2. 23 2 .35 2. 72 3./0 6.87 13.81 "Vf-AN ( h o ' 3 .9 4 C lO'iV ( IK ) 0 . 0 0 SiPtVllK) 2.32 SKLVOHO 0.00 SKL-V.(ll\) 0.79 KT(FK) O.OO

"hL6l 3 GRAI'.S o'." T. T. 66 ...... 7 1 . ? !.' 9. 6. 3. 1 2. 30. CUl'OL PCI 0 . 0 0 . 9 3 .6 3 3 . 5 t.5. o 7 7. H 3 1.9 53.7 95.1 8 5.5 86.4 10O.o POR RN 2.42 5 lev 1 . 1 PC ILS (5 , 16 , 25,50 , 75,54 , 95) 1 . 07 1 . 3 1 1 .4 1 I. 7o 2.22 3.35 14.95 (f-K ) 2 . 12 S IOpV ( PK ) 0,00 S I lO'V ( I ) 1 .02 ..SKt W( H<). l;.Uu_ SKkOl H\ ) 0.6 2 _ KT(FK) O.GO_____

PLO 1.6 . _.uRA i; ;S 0.,______(; ...... C . _.. 9 ...... 31 , ...... 4 C,_ .....39_...... 2 2 .,...... _„10 ...... 6 , ...... 3,3...... C 0 K U i- I’C T ■ 0.0 0 .0 0.0 u . 9 4 . 4 19 . 7 4 3. 3 6 2 .u 73.4 7 8.3 81.3 lUO.O POP PV 3.61 510V 1.74 PC1LS(5 , In ,25,50,7 5,5 4,95) 1.94 2.27 2.46 2. 93 3.93 6.11 10.40 PCAMPK) 3./7 IIFV(PK) 0.00 SlLLVtlN) 1.92 SKtWlf-K) 0.0 6 SKLKIIN) (,.66 Kl'( FK ) 0.00......

|jLCKLLY"H'......

UÔ20Ô '"ORAI9S ~ 0. 0. 3. 44. '”u6. 47. 12. 6. 3. 1. 3. 20. CÜPUL PC 1 0 .0 O.o 1 . 5 22 . j 5 -..I 76.0 P3.9 06.3 HO.3 8 8.8 90.2 lOO.O "pCP 2.37 SUV 1.64 r'ClLS(5 , 16, 25, 50, 75,54,95) 1.21 1.4 1 1.51 1. I 'I 2.2 0 2.7) 8.4 2 N6A9(FK) 2.01 SlDtVd-K) 1.44 SIOFV(IN) 0.6 ) SKtvv{l-K) O.oO 5KLK( IN) 0-37 KT(FK) 3.92

o VXD <=> 00*0 l>H)l"' 'M *(• On *0 (VH)m:I>IS Of-.'o ( Ivj] ) AlÜiS 00*0 (y-|)A-:MJ.S L'-)'Z (/ld)'!VdW # 1 1 'Y 91 '< 99' I 9 t'l H.-I'l tA'O A/ 'I A"iS ^»7V >JW /JO/J O '00 1 Z'9;j e*l9 W'ou V'Gü I ' Mi f. ' f 0 9 ' 9 ^ 0*9 O'O 0 ' 0 1 DrI I'l.dlO vc V • I •'/I "9V 'Sfj "19. *91 ' I "O SinVMO 911^3 ...... 'N j /lOWHrd

00*0 iz 'o {.'inrdfjMS fio-n (Mj)Md'.ri uo"j (•'ii)AdriJs oo'o (%d)Adojs eo't (>ih)mv3W 11 09'S W0'( fO'Z L9" 1 9V'l VI'1 { 9 0 ‘ V ( ‘ 9 / ‘-j c, ‘ 0 1'‘ 9 I ‘', ) 3 3.1 0 .t Z':• * I A'lJ.O '/O' NW /\lOd n'hoT'o'fio ^9' /i; 'i"*'no" 1 *7A 9'oz } '{.9 ( ' vV 0" z7 n* i O' o o 'o ' i od inwio" ' Ç. c. '7 • 1 •f-i !H; • 9 • 0 • 0 S ': IV HO VI 1.9 0

' OO'O (>l-.l)i>l OV'O (in)M3>IS OO'O OL-D.OIMS Zh'O ( 01 ).AH01S OO'O ( O.J ) ■''•On.l S Zl'Z (>ld)N:V?/J 7 7 ' 11 0 I '7 97" P 9 X ' 1 09' 1 VV 1 d l 'l (90* V0‘9z.‘0 9 “ .c'9l *9)S310<: cl.‘ \ AOiS 1 9'7 77 mDW O'O^n R'OO O 'la 9 ' 90 Z. ' '/O 9 'M 0 '0 9 1 ' d 9 I ' | f "c O' 0 0 ' o iOc! "lOWOO ' vz '? ' 11 'W Ç ' V L ' 0 SI-. I VHO vizin

OO'O (>!-l)lM 0Z'(' (01 ) X09S OO'O (>!d)Md>!S << I ' d ( O'I ) A-Ul J S OO'O (X .J ) A :'.h'1J. S 9 9 'Z (X.I)IvV3/J 09'Z1 9Z'q Of'd V9'l o n OO'O ii'{) (90* V ' *9Z *09 *9d *9 1*9)31100 d l'd A'iJ.S I t 'd Ma' HÜ/J

O'OOi 0'V« 7)*fH ...... 1 'ZR' 9 ' 10 \ri.l 9 ' VZ v "ov /'9V Z ' 1 Z 1 ' Z. Z'V Ijd lld lO ...... 'Vt *Z ' Z ' I 'H ' Z. ' Z1 'Z.V ' V9 *0t *9 -f SMV'dO ZlllO

SHlllWVHVcl IVOlMdVtO) ON 1 i\ I 0 > 'l H 0 V Od VJ.Vii J Ml T 0 ] d d OS 0 T I o * 7 e 9 0 ' I r IV'7 ‘9t'Z OU'I 4 /" 'i " v k T t so * v :■ * sz. ‘ os * sz ‘ oi * c, ) s'-idOd so'i Aois 7T'7 7/7 7ü7' O'OOl 9'00 O'OW O'OZ 0'f.z. ST9 O'Z.V 9 'VZ '.'9 9 ' Z O' 0 O' o J Od I'ldOO 'f t .....'1 'Z... "71 ...... '71 ...... 'f Z.... '9V...... -OV ' H...... '9 '0...... '0 " SM V70 ■"77 070“

OO'O ( Xd ) 1>! GZ '7 T “ (TJÏÏMÏXS'” 0(i ' O" TMdT‘7l>IS d'O'O ! N 1 ) A d 0.1. S OO'O ( X d ) A1 J J S (V'Z (Xd)NVdd Zt'Zl ZZ“f 99'Z ZV'Z 90'Z Z«'I tV'l ( 9 0 * V'-: * 9 Z * 0 <-* 9 Z ' 9 I * S ) S 11 3 S ' V O.... 7 '1 z" Z ' /. V 9 ' Z 1 Z • 9...... 9*0 O' 0 o 'o ..... ■ TOd 11X 10 '1 • 0 SMVHO StOZH 'Z 1 _ " 1 . ■ ' z '0 1 • 9 Z ' > V '0 9 ' zz ' 1 1 '0 ______

IZ'9 OZ ' V ZZ't VZ ' V. ZZ'Z S t * Z 1 f. ' 1 ZV'l 00' I Z7,'0 0 1 * 0 I idd-S 1.1X11 S S v l'l ------—------— -...... ■------■------...... '.....

------o T io 0.57 r. OU 1.47 1 .91 ..... 2.112.7 7 1.24 1.7 7 4.29 5 7 2 1

ÜW117 GRAINS 1 4 , 1 n . 5 9 . 4 7 . 2 » . 9 . 6 . 6 . . 1 . 0 . 4 . CLKUL RCT (i. 5 24 .2 51.6 7 1.3 26 . 5 7.. _9.1.5 ..9b. 1 97^7 ...... 90.1 90. 1. 100 . 0 f'Or NiM I.IB STOV 1.14 l’CTLS ( B , 1 ^ , ?‘3 , -Ai , 7b , !4 , 9!) ) 0 . (i 1 Ü.4Z 0.59 0.97 1 .51 l.hU 1.02 ^IfANlHK) 1.07 SlDGV(rK) 0.01 SÏI'.LV(IM) 0.70 SKLW(IK) U.20__SkKW(lN) 0.21 KT(FK) 1.11

FI.21H GRAINS 0. 0. 0. 26...... 5('._ 4 6. 2 i. 15. (■>. 2 . 11. CLMLL HCl 0.0 0.0 C.C 12.4 10.4 50.4 71.H 7H.1 "1.1 "4.2 05.2 100.0 rrf/ M,\ 2.07 STOV 1.05 i’CiLSl 5, l( , 25, 50 , 75 ,> 4 , 95 ) . 1 . 4 7 1 . 15 7 . J . 76 ?.1 7 2.97 4.25 15.94, VOAN(rK) 2A..6 STOi; VIFK) 0.00 STTFV(1\) 1.14 SKi_W(FK) O.0(< SKEW(IN) 0.55 KT(FK) 0.00 Jl'i3 srAiio b

.CLASS ..Lif^T.S-PHl 0_. M L,. L. 39....._i , 96. ,L!. 16. _ 2..,6A.__.3.0.6. 3. 9 3 .3..9 6 .LL

______Pv EP.OU W ..F P . ...Pi-'F b u L .E . .GLAC I LR. ..'LK.L ...... — ------...------

Ü LCJJ. A .,R A L\S...... 0 . . .0 . . . . 20 . _ 1 L... .A). 22 .. 10 . P .. i . 2 cuyuL PC r o.o 0 . O' 0. 0 4 . 7 3 7 . 3 y 0 y y 2 . o .. s t i: v i , 3 o p c t l s ( ' 16 ,2 P»6 0 ,.76..,8 4. yPAMd-K) 2 . il STOEV(hK) 1.31 S rDFV( f N) (,. 64 SKl-Wd-K) O.PO SKEW (10) 0.36 K1(FK) 4.13 ..... ü F G14 GRAIN'S 0. 0. ('.. 0 . 1 . 17. a;:-. o o . 6 2 . 4c. 2 1 . 4 . a9 . CUPUL PC 1 f'.O 0.0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 3 . 4 .6 ...... 2p .1 _ 4 9 . 6 ...... 6 2.7 ....(2.7 .77.9 76.7 100.0. lo , 2 6 , 60 , 76 , 8 4 , A FC 'P.. Dû Th,Ry 14i .1.

.RFC27 URAI s.S.__ .._ .0 . . . 0 . . 4 . .6 4 . ...l 3 6 . ,44...... 2_7,._ ...... 7 . ____ 16. ______3_...... U. .. 1 . 117...... CUPUL PCr 0.0 U.G I . G 14 . } 4 7. 4 6 8.2 64.9 6 6 .0 70.3 71.0 71.0 7 1.1 100.6 i 6 ,2 6 , 6 0 r7 6 , 0 4 A F G;< CF rFi

ljPC29L crains 0. 0. "1 . b . 63." 60 . 60 . 33. 16. 8 . 4. 0. 172. CUPUL PCI 0.0 0.0 i.). 2 1 . 7 1 6 . 6 I 6 ,2 6 , 60 , 76 , 8 4 , 'A FO R Or. 1FKy I \i 1

_HFC3() grains .36. 78. 94 . 60 . 1 7 . ______h. _____ 4 .______4 . ______0 . 0 . 0 .______0 .___ 1,07.__ " ...... CCPUL PC I 0.9 28. 1 6 1 . 2 66 .0 70. 2 71 . 7 72. 7 73.6 73.6 73.6 73.6 73.6 lÔO.O |v'G,v |V|\ 2.2 6 SlOV 2 . ‘00 PCTLS( 6, 16,29, 60 , 76,84,06) -U. 61 ,0.06 0.27 0. 78 1 u.üO 10.00 10.00 liJSUFF IC LF.M DATA FOR D F T F KP i M I Nu GRAPHICAL PAi

f» I-* ro CO

00*0 ( X rl ) m 4!! (,s>| )M‘!>!S (\H)X3XS f.'/* E ( N I ) AiKI.I S’ JO' U ( ) A9JJ S t'7*V ( XJ ) «/DW ' ■■ iV'V t Vfc'*f? l l ' T ' ï ’fcî 90'Y' 96 ' i ü7'*r ( cirri'/’s‘S /‘OS‘66 ‘91 ‘ETiSliOJ Ori'l Âr.iS ' ‘ZY'f"'Mv4 Æ /'f o*(U)i 9*E’!< -î'^y. (,*yz (. ' *7 / i{T9 i ' J E Oi'f.'i o ' i O'O 0*0 0*0 jjci n.jno c. »: • hi ' i *6 • D • <7l 1 7 • :•? 0 1 '9 1 ' 0 7 ' o *n SMI

"S>'üÏ9W%'dVci' 1'' j'i Hd'’ViO Oi'ii iv l'-0.1:1 .K!il >JO:l \ i V:l JK^lOl l.-liVSMI OO'n.l 00'01 OO'O 1 IS'f VO'I lo'l is'l ( OO ‘ v.-. ‘ SZ ‘ O'-* r,^ i v I * <, ) S'Il D o If'J A. Il s ÜO't N4 wow

O'OOl / ' ! / y.' U 0 ' 1 y. l'o y %'79 ,;'V9 7'ov. j 'o i if.’ u ' o 0 ' 0 i:)(i 10/103 '021 '0 'C *V' '12 . '77 *19 ' f ,1 ' Y y '!'! ' 1 ' 0 ' 0 S'-U VWO 606:10

OO'O {-M-niX OO'O (,V1)01"IS 00*0 CXrDMlXS 9 6 ' 1 ( 01 ) A-lCl J S OO'O (XDAÏU.IS 09' E ONIMVIX I 7' 1 1 nô'9 o/'E oy 'Z 72 "2 60'2 6 0 ' 1 ( 66 ‘ 7^ ‘ ‘ 06 ‘ 92 ‘ 9 I ‘ 6 ) SliOd 9Z> 1 AOi S 1 7 'V N!W aîJ aI O'fiOT 9 ' E 9 C'IH h")i y ly 2' 79 7:'Z 7 ''■'12 7 ' 6 2 ' 0 O'O O'O 0 ' r-. 10 0 lO.-lOO '09...... '6...... *02 ' 6 î' ' ' j\ ...... ''6')'...... •f.of ...' w...... '12 ' l ' U~^...... ' ( f ...... '9 S' I 7X1' 7(1711'

' nO'n 1X0)1 X \ 9 ' 0 (Nj)MlXS OO'O {X9)N'.1'1S ...... )9' 1 I XI ) Alül S 00 ‘ 0 ( M J ) AlCliS72 ' E (XllNVlX 1(2*91 61 'ü 6£'E '] 9 ' 2 60*2 66*1 9Z ' 1 ( 6 6 ‘ v(.( ‘ EZ ‘ 06 ‘ 62 ‘ 91 ‘ 6 ) Sll'Jci <’.Z ' 1 AMIS 12'E MW ,-JJaI O'OOl Z'7'' 9 "EH 1 'Oj' 6'9Z 1 *69 Z 'EE O'ËE y ' 9 E'O O'O O'O O'O .13011/100 ...... *09 ' 7 'El 'El *;;2 *19 ' :z ' lr._ ' 2E ' 2 '0 *0 ' S 91 vyi 9 6 0 1 0

SViJ I 39V>.lVd 1V31 HdVVil 3 iX 1 0 1 'JX1l 1J XIJ ViVU li\3 I 3 1-.1-IflSlX 1 '1(7 '!(E 66*12 62*1 119*2 HÜ'2 26 ' 1 U ' I (S.6*Vl‘EZ ‘09*62*91 * E ) S 1.1.3 v! l 2 ' 2 AOlS OH ' E NW "/IChX O'OOl E'Z.9 E'H9 ;('99 1 *79 H ' 6E 2'IE 2 'lf 7 'El E'O O'O O'O O'O 13d 11/103

•E2I 'Z ' 1 l ' 11 2d '£Z EE ' 2 ' 0 *0 SMVüO H 703 9

0 0 ' O' Tx J )ï W 0 9 *7) ■'(Tï T) M IMS 0 0 'Ô ( XI )M1 SE e7. ' ÏÏ ( M 1 I Àl'ü j'S ' 0 0' o" { XI ) A 3 OIS 21 *2 (X3)NV3d 00*01 97'E EE'2 76*1 69 ' 1 9E'l 7E ' 1 ( E6 * 7-’ * EZ * OE * E2 * 91 * E ) SliOd 6Z ' 1 AOIS 09*2 MW /lüd O'OOl i'Z'd l'y H 6'E'i 6 'EH 9*2 j Z'9Z E * 99 6 ' 1 7 7'Z 0 ' 0 O'O ' O'Vi .....i 3d 11/113 ...... ' ' 2E '() ' E . 'H ' E • 72 ' 1 7 ' l 6 ' Z 7 l • 1£ * 0 *0 •0 S:'I VllO E703H

y Z ' E 9 H ' 7 9 6 'E E7'E 9 0 'E 79*2 91*2 9;i ' 1 7E ' 1 1 H ' 0 EE'O E2'0- lOd-SiJ/in SSV13

------—

------— --- “...... ' - ---- — ---

> " CLASS LIP 11 3- PHI -0.2 3 0.3 3 0.8 1 l . 34 1 . 8 6 2.16 2.64 3.06 3.4 3 3 .96 4.86 3. 7 7

Hi F 3 3 7 u 8 A I VS (■•. 2 . 4 . 3 9 . I 7. 1 . 7 7. 4 6 . 2 7. 1 2 . "" ) u 7 ’ 4 . " ? 2 i l _ ....c .g x o L. PCI 0.0 0.3 1.4 15.3 3 1. 3 . 71 .3 _32, 1_ 8 8 , 4 9 1. 3., .-.93 . u„ _94 . 6 .....9,3 . (.1,. 10(L,0_ KCî^ f/N 2.16 STUV 1.11 P C T L S {'3 , 1 6 , ? 1, 'UJ , 7'3, , s '> ) l.(;9 1.36 1.33 1.61 2.31 Z.lh 3.68 PhA\i(FK) 1.98 SrOiîViFK) 1.03 STUkV(IN) O./O SKlwIFK) 0.5 2 SKt.M i'v.) 0.33 KT(FK) 2.4 1

_BJ<.bPl,._jGRAlO.S _0.,.„....1 .,...... 68...... 0 1 ...... 37...... 3 3.. . 24,...... 13,.. ...11. 9...... 79...... (:UM;L PC 1 0.0 0.0 0. 3 2.3 1 ,. 0 42. 1 36.6 6j.3 71 .6 74. / 7.7. 7 79.9 100.0 _POP l'ON 3.32 3.1 uV 2.00 PC ILS (3 , 16,23,30,73,0 4 ,93] 1 . 33 1. 12 1.96 2.42 4 0 0 7 . 3 1 1 3 .J 3_____ PF/V\'(FK) 3.91 SrOFV(FK) 0.00 SICEVIIM 2.-: 4 3KlW(FK] O.CO SKFW(IK') 0.79 KT(rK) 0.00

FALL A FX.

HFC6 3 GKAI'iS 0. 0. 10. 86. 114 . 36. 2 7. 20. lO., 1 0 . 10. 11. 39. CLXCL. PCT 0.0 . 0.0 2.4 23.6 31 . 1 64.6 ,7 1. 1....._73_,9 .70 ,3 .... 00.7 83.1 83.8 100.0 XOX Xi\ 2.7:5 5TIV 2.00 PC ILS (3, 1 6 ,2 3 ,3 0 ,7 3 , 0 4 ,93) 0.98 1 .23 1 . 38 1 .34 2 9 8 3.13 9.40 PLAN(FK) 2.76 SlOLvlFK) 0.00 STOFV ( l'1 ) 1.93 3KLW(IK) 0.00 SKLVsllN) 0.70, KT(FK) 0.00

iîFC6 7 OXAIiS .J. 0. 0. 3 . 2 3 . 74 . 8 1 . 67. 34 . .1 3. 13. 9. 78. CLPLL PCI 0.0 0.0 u.O 0.8 6.3 23.2 43.6 62,3 71,0 74.3 7 8.1 OU.4 100.0 POP Xi\' 3.6 1 311.V 1.87 PC ILS (3, 1 6, 23, 30, 73,84, 93) 1.80 2.06 2 .16 2.' 73 4 12 7.14 12.93 PFAN(FK) 4.03 STOFVIFK) 0.00 3 10FV( IM) 2.1 4 3KFH(FKI O.Ou 3KFk(l\| 0.74 KT(FK) 0.00

BF406 GKAIsS w. O. 0. 6. 73. 102. 86. 43. 17. 11. 8. 7. 31. CLPLL PCI 0.0 0.0 0.(i t .. 19.6 44 .8 66. 1 76. 7 80.9 m3.7 8 3.6 8 7.4 100.0 P'ÜP'PN '2 .9 3 3ÏLV 1.70 PCI L3 ( 3 , 1 6, 23, 30 , 73, 84 , 93 ) 1 /3 8 '1.82 1 . 93 2. 28 2 98 4 . 1 1 10.2 3' PLAN(FK) 2.74 3 lOFVIFK) 0.00 STCLVIIX) 1.16SKEW(FK) 0.00 SKFklIN) 0.60 KKFK) 0.00

t-* —------...... " ' ------■ ...- -...... -- ■ ------— ---' ' ...... — - - - —

CLASS LiMlTS-pHI 0 .23 0 . 3 3 0 . f 1 1.34 1.86 2.16 2.64 1 . 06 3.43 3.96 4.86 3 . 7 7

8F201 OR AT IS 0 . 0. 0 . 36. 176. 84. 30. 19. 9 . 9 . 4 . 4 . 4 1. CLMLL PC 1 0 .0 0.0 0.0 8. 7 . 3 1.2 71...'' . 78.7 M3. .1 . 0 3. 3_...... 8 7. 7 MM. 6 _ j:9 .6 ^ 100.0______N-n^' f-'iv ?.A6 sri:v i . re i LS ( 16, , u c , r ; , , 'j'l ) i. i.si ? .n '. j.iy u .23 .Mï.A;{(FK.L.2.iM Ai:ufv_(,FKLO_./m__,r,iuFV(.i;N._ü.i/\._,SKÇM^^^ ...... isKfK), u_.pu ______

MF? 16 üKA I \'S « . P* • /.»_ __ )') m 7 (.'• / ^ — _'*(->•...... l6...... b » 7. 3. 71. CLKLI. PC M.O 0.0 0.0 1.7 2f.4 4 3 .M 6?.? 73 . 6 7 7.6 7 M.0 b l .l M2.3 K-U.O Mir P'N 3.11 STOV 1 .03 PCTLS(5,l6,?h,5C,/6,'4,93) I . 64 1.76 ).P'3 ?.3? 1.18 7.03 16.68. MF AN(FK) 3.70 SFOFVIFK) O.OO SIUFV(IN) 2.6 1 SKLW(FK) 6.00 SKFO(IN) 0.70 KT(FK) O.OU

MF.216 08 A INS o. 0. 0. I. 8 8 . 110. 8 0 . 3u , 14. 12. 8. 30. CLMUI. PC I 0.0 0,0 U.O 0 . ? 6.0 27. 1 3 3.6 72 . 7 7 J.. 9 8 3.2 86.1 8 8.0 100.0 MUM MN' 3.12 STOV 1.3^1 POT LS( 6, 1 6,23,80,76,84,06) 1 . 8 3 2 .06 2 .14 2.3% 3. 17 4 .20 0.4 6 MFAN(FK) 2 . '4 STl)F.V(FK) 0 . 0 0 SrOFV(IN) 1.07 SK t:4 ( FK ) 0 . 00 SKC W ( 1 N1 0 . b 1 KKFlO O.UO_____

MF222 grains v . 0. 6. 20 . 0 0 . 0 1 . 62 . 68. 3u. _ J 6. 7, __6. ____ 3 3 . COPOL per 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.0 28.3 40.2 6 1.3 78.8 83.6 >0.1 00.7 02.0 1ÜU.0 MOM PN 2.66 STOV 1.30 PC TLS ( 3 , I 6 , 23 , 3C , 73 , 84 , 93 ) 1.28 1.67 1.82 2.1-1 2 . 94 3 . 34 7 .83 _ MFAN(FK) 2.40 SIUFV(FK) 1.41 STCFV(IN) (J. ' 1 SKFW(FK) 0.33 SKLk(fl) 0.38 KT(FK) 2.39

UF237 CRAINS 0. 0. 1. 13. 68. 64. 4 1. 17. 12. 9. 7. 6. 133.. CUM 01. PC r 0 .0 0 .0 0. 3 4 . 1 21 . 3 3 7.3 4 3.4 32. 7 3 ).7 •>8.(j 59.7 61 . 3 100.0 MOP M,\ 4 .(18 S I UV 2 .42 PC I LS ( 3 ,16, 23, 30 , 73 ,84,93)' 1.41 1.77 1^93 >.8() I 3.62 23.98 36.86 l.NSUr FICl LNT OAT A FOR 0FTF.3M IN 100 (,R/\PHIC-AL l> ARAMiFTFR S

i.;KC06 CR.AI-.-S U. 0 . 2. 14. 110. 32. 4 ( > • 2 '-J. 11. 6 . 9 . 6 . 7> (3 ...... CU^UL PCI 0.0 0.0 0.6 4.3 33.7 30.4 6 3 .5 7 1.773.4 77.1 ‘ 79.6 Ml.3 100.0 MOM MM 3.08 S TOV 2.03 PC I LSI 3, I 6,23,31, 73,84,93) 1 . 36 1.66 1 .77 2.13 1.39 7.2 1 14.36 MCANIFK j" 3. 70 SlOcVIt K) 0 .0 0 SrUFV(IN) 2.32 SKFw(FK) 0 .0 0 " SKFV'I IN)" 0.82' K T ( F K ) () .'d o ...... t—'Js- U1 VO - -q-rH

Oc,M. ( ’>td)i>! 9 / "(j (Kn.MHViS ZG'O ( M J ) W O (Ml)A:'lOJS 6V. * I ( >1H) AII f. J S T *; * I ( XH ) '.Ul/J ^ J i ' ^ ' i«*r 'o fi (,b'o I (4 '"n ' (I ( V.A ' 9;'‘ AA ‘ 09 ‘ 1,^: “ /i ‘ Ç, ) s1j ütf wvi aoi s " 0 / aij/j 0 ‘nOT 9*V6 9 ' V() 0 ‘ V.A OVA 9*00 n*9f: 0'9K P"»/ 1 • Ç c, ^«vl Z ‘ 7. 0 ' P IDH lOdlO ' / / M -c; "9 *9 *9 "9 ....I...... ' 9. h ‘ P'/l *91, ' •( •!' SI.iviiô" "w^omi

'OÂ'7 (>IJ)i>l 9h'-rr H.n )M4<:S (')H)MO>IS V 9* 1 (M ) A21.IS GI'Z OhDA^ntS 69M (Xd)K9HX <7 A ' .P 09 ' f 90'.? Tf'T p 9 ' 0 9('0 0^ ' 0 - ( 90 ‘ V-‘ S/. ‘ 09 ‘ ‘‘ 9 ) Sl.t'JP 90 * 1 A.IJS f. 0 * ! .MW .-vS'Ja'^ 'n-oor I ' 10 P-6P P-9M l - y w 9 - IP t'OP I'/.L f'99 P'Od I'Sl 9-9 13 d 1 1 x 1 3 •<:,t *9 "91 *9 " / *9 *9 1 *9/ * 9 9 *901 */9 *P(. ' r f: S ! IV1- 3 900 MO

A A ' 9 90*9 90 *P V'/*f. 9ü*f 99'Z 91'^ 9'.; * 1 9P * 1 IW'O ee*0 9 0- 1 Od-S J. ] W 13 SSV33 APPENDIX III BASIC PALEOCURRENT DATA - COMPUTER PROGRAM AMD RESULTS

417 ^EXECUTE OSUSYS 1 SOSUSYS RUN(00«500) .... 2 SiiCATRAN SLIST,SBnrCK ■ -■ 3 dimension ( Ar'<6000) »0Z(6000) «NZieOCO) «HEAD(?4) )(a 4 INTEGERS(P,0)# B START WRITE NO HEADING,FMTle F FMTl (//////1H0,12X,0*VECT0R MEAN AND CONFIDENCE INTERVAL AT THE 7 95 Percent level *,//, i5X,q*for primary sedimentary STRUCTURE B S , * ) pa o NEW p = 0(S) in 0 = 0® 1 1 BEGIN READ INPUT,FMT2,(N,DEV)® 1 2 F FMTp < I3,F3. )® 1 3 DO THROUGH ( CLEAR) , I = 0 , 1 , I .L.NC» 14 AZ( I ) =0.(S> IB BZ( I > =0,® 1 A CLEAR MZ(I)=0® 1 7 PROVIDED! N.E.999), P=P+1® 1 A provided < N.E.999), 0=0-3® 1 o PROVIDED(N.E.000) ,CALL SUBROUT IN < )=FnDJOB.( )® 20 PROVIDED ( N.E.999), READ INPUT,FMT3,((HEAD!J),J= 13,1,J.L*2 21 4))® 22 provided ! N.E.999),WRITE0UTPUT,FMT5,(!HEAD(J>,J=13,1,J.L.2 23 4))® 24 PROVIDED ! N.E.999),TRANSFER TO ! BEGIN)® 2B

M=N® ■ ■ ■ — ■ ~ ■ 2A READ INPUT ,FMT3, ! (HEAD!J) ,J =0 , I,J.L.I2))® 27 F FMT3 ! 12L6)® 2 A READ INPUT,FMT4, !nAME, !RZ!K ) , K = 0 , 1 , K ,L.N) )® 20 F FMT4 !L6,22F3.0,/!6X,?2F3.0) )® 30 I =0® 31 DO THROUGH(CHANGE),K=0,1,K.L.M® 32 PR0VIDED!BZ!K).NE.O.), AZ! I )=RZ!K)® 33

PR0VIDED!BZ!K) .NE.O.), 1=1+1® 3 4 f - * - 03 ...... CHANGE PR0VIDED(BZ(K).E. 0.),N= N-1 P> ... ; 0 = 0+(N/l?)(a ---

______P=P+1m - - . 17 ...... PR0VIDED(Q,GE.3) P = P+ 1 ftO M VO PROVIDED (N.E.?P)« T = p.OAR® 60 PROVIDED (N.E.30)» T = 2.0450 7 0 PROVIDED (N.GF.31). T=2.030o 7 1 SUMl=0.0 7? SUM?=0.O 7 7 DO THROUGH(ZAP)« I=0. 1 » I.L.M® 7 4 A7(I) = AZ(II+DFVO 70 PROVIDED (AZ(I).G.360.). AZ(I) = AZ( I )-360o(a 76 SUM!=SIN.(0.ni7A5*AZ(T))+SUMIO 7 7 ZAP SUM2=C0S.(0.ni74 5*AZ(I))+3UM2o 7 8 RFS=57.3* ATAN.(SUM1/GUM2)0 ■ 70 PROVIDED (SUMl.GE.0..AND.SUM2.GE.0.(SUMl.GE.O..AND.SUM2.GE ) ,VMFAN=RESO 00 PROVIDED (SUMl.GE.O..AND.SUMp.L(SUMl.GE.0..AND.SUM2.L .0. ) ,VMEAN=RES+l80.O 81 PROVIDED (SUMl.L .0 ,.AND.SUM2.L .0. ) ,VMEAN=RES+180.O 8 2 PROVIDED (SUMl.L .0 ..AND.SUM2.GE.0.)»VMEAN=RES+360*o 8 3 SUM — 0.0 . 8 4 DO THROUGH(ZIP),1=0,],I.L.NO 8 5 DIFF=(VMFAN-A7(I) ) o 86 PR0VIDED(D1FI'.GE. 180. ) , D I FF = AZ ( I )+360 .-VMEANO 8 7 PROVIDED(DIFr.LE.-iao.) , OIF F = V M E AN+360.-AZ (?) o 88 VAR= (.ARS.DÎFF).P.20 80 ZIP SUM=SUM+VARm QO STDEV=SQRT,(SUM/(N-1))o oi Z=NO QO CON = r*STDEV/SORT.(7)0 97 PROVIDED(P.L.6)♦WRITENOHEAD ING,FMT5, ((HEAD(J),J = 0,1 ,J.L.12) ) QA o 9 5 F FMT5 (/I HO,1 OX, 12L6)o 06 PROVIDED(P.GE.6 ),WRITEOUTPUT ,FMT9,((HEAD(J),J=0,1♦J.L.12)) 97 o 9 8 F FMTQ ( 1 HI ,/ / / / / / / , 1H0, lOX, 121.6)0 QQ WRITE OUTP UT,FMT6,(VMEAN,STDEV,C0N,N)O 100 101 F FMT6 (IH , 10X,Q*VECTOR MEAN *,F4.,Q* STANDARD DFV *,F4., 4S- Q* CONFIDENCE INTVL *,F4.,Q# READINGS *,I3)0 102 IS) O DO THROUGH(TRANS) » I=0 » 1 * I #L.Np 1 0 3 TRANS MZ< I) =AZ( I )m 1 0 4 WRITeOUTPUT,FMT7« < (MZ( I )« I=0 « 1 « I.L,N ) )® 1 0 5 F FMT7 (IH , lOX, O-X-TRUE AZIMUTH*, 12 15)# 1 06 PUNCH CARDS,FMTlS,

Ji­ ts) VECTOR MEfK /»NC CCKFTCENCE INTERVAL AT THE 95 PERCENT LEVEL -f- FOR PRIMARY SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES.

MCINTYRE PRCM SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. A. MICROXLAM 27 M VECTOR MEAN 176. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH174 171 161 194 179

MCINTYRE PRCM SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. A. MEDIUM XBED +132 TO 135 M VECTOR MEAN 242. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 247 225 253 236 240

MCINTYRE PROM SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. 8. MEDIUM XBED +151 TO 153 M VECTOR MEAN 217. STANDARD DEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS .5 TRUE AZIMUTH 198 219 229 219 220

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC G. BUCKLEY FM. A. PARTING LIN 14 TO 15 M VECTOR MEAN 108. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTF 1 1 7 111 114 106 101 102 104

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. B. MICROXLAM 16 M VECTOR MEAN 71. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 86 64 80 46 64 82 55 73

M ts) BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 13

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FP. C. LOGS 1 SNS 36 TO 38 M VECTOR MEAN 37. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 17 TRUE AZIMUTH • 50 34 31 40 30 12 8 38 45 30 9 33 TRUE AZIMUTH 79 1C5 358 36 66

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. D. PARTING LIN SNS 36 TO 38 M VECTOR MEAN 76. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 3. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 75 72 77 77 78

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. E. SLUMP FCLD NO SNS 180 TO 182 M VECTOR MEAN 55. STANDARD CEV 34. CONFIDENCE INTVL 42. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 44 36 17 84 97

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. F. MEDIUM XOEC 188 TO 197 Ml VECTOR MEAN 22. STANDARD CEV 90. CONFIDENCE INTVL 52. READINGS 14 TRUE AZIMUTH 79 66 64 305 236 239 39 61 271 288 26 58 TRUE AZIMUTH 111 249

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. G. MEDIUM XBED 213 TO 221 M VECTOR MEAN 270. STANDARD DEV 64. CONFIDENCE INTVL 49. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 235 248 245 248 16 317 15 275 196

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. H. MEDIUM XBED ' 265 TO 270 M VECTOR MEAN 254. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 265 263 248 248 267 231

ts) U BARRETT, p. JOB SDAllC 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 14

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. FREMGUVv FM. A. PARTING LIN SNS + 1 M VECTOR' MEAN...... 291. STANDARD DEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 294 300 283 286 292

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. B. MEDIUM XBED + 6 M VECTOR MEAN 174. STANDARD CEV 41. CONFIDENCE INTVL 51. READINGS 5 ■'TRUE AZIMLTH 175 120 145 212 215

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. FREMCUW FM. C. PARTING LIN + 9 M VECTOR MEAN 300. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF306 308 298 292 292 302

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC C. FREMOUW FM. D. MEDIUM XBED + 25 TO 27 M VECTOR MEAN 207. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 30. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 2 17 186 242 184 2 07

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. E. MEDIUM XBED + 72 TO 74 M VECTOR MEAN 298. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 299 288 290 287 3G8 294 318

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. FREMCUW FM. F. MEDIUM XBED + 76 TO 78 M VECTOR MEAN 267. STANDARD DEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUIH 230 262 268 275 292 259 239 291 266 287

N) BARRETT, P. JÜB SHAllC 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 15

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 0. FREMOLVi FP. G. PICRCXLAM + 78 M VECTOR MEAN '305. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 305 3C1 310

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC C. FREMCLk FM. H. MEDIUM XBED +321 TO 324 M VECTOR MEAN 224. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH '222 318 222 315 332 322 303 346

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FRFMCLW FM. • A. MEDIUM XBED 5 TO 8 M VECTOR MEAN 247. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 236 231 290 218 240 27?

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. 8. MECIUM XBED 11 TO 13 M VECTOR MEAN 244. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 250 242 249 245 235

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. C. MEDIUM XBED 20 TO 23 M VECTOR MEAN 248. STANDARD DEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS TRUE AZIMUIH 240 260 235 269 244 239

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FREMOUW FM. D. MICROXLAM 43 TO 44 M VECTOR MEAN 296. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 29G 302 293 301 299 292

4S- N U1 BARRETT, P JOB SDAllO 05/24/68 HT8010 PAGE 16

GRAPHITE PE/SK. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. . E. MFDIUM XBED 71 TO 74 M VECTOR MEAN 320. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 327 322 310 321 319 323

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FREMOUW FM. F. MEDIUM XBED 100 TO 106 M VECTOR MEAN 287. STANDARD CEV 28. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 280 240 280 315 316 288

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. G. PARTING LIN SNS 113 TO 114 M VECTOR MEAN 286. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 285 260 298 288 279

GRAPHITE PEAK. SEC 1. FREMOUW FM. H. PARTING LIN SNS 143 TO 144 M VECTOR MEAN 310. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 304 313 306 303 322

MI. KINSEY. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. A. MECIUM XBED -67 TO -65 M VECTOR MEAN 209. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 198 221 217 208 201

MT. KINSEY. SEC C. FREMCUW FM. A. MECIUM XBED + 0 TO 2 M VECTOR MEAN 334. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 323 332 330 341 345

l\) cn 5BW BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 0 5 /2 4 /6 8 HIBOIO PAGE 17

MT. KINSEY. SEC G. FREMCUW FM. B. MECIUM XBED + 15 TO 17 M VECTOR MEAN 214..STANDARD CEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMLTH 219 300 318 346 305 314 287 308 309 340

MT. KINSEY. SEC C. FREMCUW FM. C. MEDIUM XBED + 49 TO 51 N VECTOR MEAN 261. STANDARD DEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 275 285 267 247 213 285 244 290 263 250 254

MT. KINSEY. SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. D. MICROXLAM +144 M VECTOR MEAN 304. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 315 3C0 303 294 307

MT. KINSEY. SEC C. FREMOUW FM. E. MICROXLAM +181 TO 183 M VECTOR MEAN 161. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 148 162 166 162 167

MT. KINSEY. SEC C. FREMOUW FM. F. FARTING LIN SNS + 252 M VECTOR MEAN 290. STANDARD CEV ' 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 285 289 291 291 294

MT. KINSEV. SEC C. FREMOUW FM. G. MEDIUM XBED +332 TO 333 M VECTOR MEAN 292. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 19. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 285 284 290 310

N) -0 BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO 05/24/6P H18C1C PAGE 18

MT. KINSEV. SEC C. FREMCUW FM. H. MEDIUM XBED +340 TO 342 M VECTOR MEAN284. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 43. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 310 303 266 256

MT. KINSEV. SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. I. MICROXLAM + 351 M VECTOR MEAN 293. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 301255 290 283 297 283 293 301 298

MT. KINSEY. SEC C. FREMOUW FM. J. MEDIUM XBED +360 TO 362 M VECTOR MEAN 282. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 301 272 274 286 2 83 279

MT. KINSEY. SEC 0. FREMCUW FM. K. MICROXLAM +360 TO 362 M VECTOR MEAN 289. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 274 282 2 92 295 286 284 3C8 294

MT. KINSEY SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. L. MEDIUM XBED +368 TO 369 M VECTOR MEAN 211. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 18. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 308 320 311 290 3 39 300

MT. KINSEV SEC C. FREMCUW FM. M. MICROXLAM +370 TO 371 M VECTOR MEAN 316. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 333 325 312 304 311 313

A. IN) 09 BARRETT» P. JCO SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 19

MT. KINSEY SEC C. EREMCLW FM. N. MEDIUM XBED +376 TO 378 M 'VECTOR MEAN' 2 8 0 . STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTH 2£4 289 287 302 263 279 267 270

MT. KINSEY SEC C. FREMOUW FK. 0. MEDIUM XBED +418 TO 4 20 M VECTOR MEAN 294. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF283 305 298 265 299

MT. KINSEY SEC 0. FREMCUW FM. P. MICROXLAM +44 2 M VECTOR MEAN 313. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTH 305 3C9 313 290 316 339 306 325

MT. KINSEY SEC 0. FREMOUW FM. Q. MECIUM XBED +560 TO 562 M VECTOR MEAN 296. STANDARD CEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 19. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 313 319 290 270 295 289

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MEDIUM XREDS 11 TO 16 M VECTOR MEAN 107. STANDARD CEV 29. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 164 68 90 109 116 67 106 97 107 147 112

MT/ WILD AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN, B. PARTING LIN 11 TO 16 M VECTOR MEAN 109. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 1 1 . READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMLTH 119 liO 107 102

M VO BARRÉTT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 20

MT. WILC ARE/. SEC 0. FAIRChILD FN. C. MEDIUM XBEOS 2PL 99 TO 107 M VECTOR MEAN1 4 9 . STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 17 TRUE AZIMLTF 133 140 153 132 101 102 143 152 170 168 164 178 TRUE AZIMUTF 145 156 153 160 172

MT. WILD AREA. SEC G. FAIRCHILD FN. 0. PLANT STEMS 101 TO 103 M VECTOR MEAN 191. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMLTH 175 172 203 194 184 182 174 175 226 224

MT. WILC AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD EN. E. MICROXLAM 4 128 M VECTOR MEAN 213. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH221 228 204 197 213

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. F. MEDIUM XBEOS 128 TO 131 M VECTOR MEAN 155. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 164 156 142 165 130 131 148

MT. WILC AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD EN. G. MICRCXLAM 131 M VECTOR MEAN 207. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 211 210 205 209 201

MT. WILD AREA. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FN. H. PARTING LIN 127 TO 129 M VECTOR MEAN 154. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 156 155 150 156 147 160

w CD BARRETT, P. JOB SHAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 21

MT. WJLÜ Area, sfc o. fairceild fn. i. micrcxlam 1 3 2 k VECTOR MEAN 2 1 2 . STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 225 218 210 194 215

MT. WILC AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. J. MICRCXLAM 134 M VECTOR MEAN 71. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH76 75 90 77 55 51

MT. WILD AREA. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FN. K. MICRCXLAM 134 M VECTOR MEAN 216. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 209 2C6 213 231 221

MT. WILC AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. L. PARTING LIN 135 TO 136 M VECTOR MEAN 154. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 171 165 146 151 139

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. M. PARTING LIN 168 TO 170 M VECTOR MEAN 149. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 143 150 158 160 135

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. N. MEDIUM XBEDS ' 168 TO 170 M VECTOR MEAN 162. STANDARD DEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 146 162 158 166 177

Lrl BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 2 2

MT. WILC AREA, SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. A. MECIUM XBEDS + 0 TO 6 M VECTOR MEAN ■ 94...... STANDARD DEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 1C2 94 60 92 76 141

MT. WILD area . sec C. BUCKLEY FN. B. MICRCXLAM + 9 TO 12 M VECTOR MEAN 22. STANDARD CEV 26. CONFIDENCE INTVL 32. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF " 2 ' 19 67 12 12

MT. WILD AREA. SEC C. BUCKLEY FN. C. MEDIUM XBEDS + 29 TO 38 M VECTOR MEAN 105. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 106 130 90 107 92

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. 0. MECIUM XBEDS + 56 TO 59 M, VECTOR MEAN 95. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF. 90 102 104 100 78

MT. WILD AREA. SEC C. BUCKLFY FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS + 73 TO 75 M VECTOR MEAN 90. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 104 96 67 110 86 86 60

MT. WILD' AREA. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. F. MICROXLAM + 95 TO 96 M VECTOR MEAN 202. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 203 188 197 204 211 191 217 BARRETT, P. JC13 SO A llO C5/24/6W HIBOIO PAGE 23

MT. KILO ARE/!. SEC(O) BUCKLEY FN. G. MECIUM XBEDS + 68 TO 70 M VECTOR MEAN' 38." STANDARD DEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 37 24 32 39 59

MT. WILD AREA. SEC(O) BUCKLEY FN. H. MEDIUM XBEDS + 74 TO 75 M VECTOR MEAN 21. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 1 3 1 6 28 25 23

Mf. WILD AREA.' SEC(O) BUCKLEY FN. I. MFDIUM XBEDS + 75 TO 77 M VECTOR MEAN 31. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 21 31 23 4 3 37

MT. WILD AREA. SEC(C) BUCKLEY FN. J. MICROXLAM + 107 TO 109 M VECTOR MEAN 178. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 18. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 160 168 166 179 197

MT. WILD AREA. SEC(O) BUCKLEY FN. K. MICRCXLAM + 123 TO 124 M VECTOR MEAN 139. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL B. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 137 133 133 143 148

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. A MEDIUM XBEOS + 2 14 TO 218 M VECTOR MEAN 94. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMLTH 74 89 101 113 87 103 61 75 112 124 BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18030 PAGE 24

...... MT. WILD AREA . SEC 2. BUCKLFY FN. B MEDIUM X8EDS + 260T0 262 M ..... VECTOR MEAN 59.....STANDARD DEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 23. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 6 7 46 35 81 66 41

...... MT. WILD AREA. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. C SLUMPFOLD AXES 291 M ' VECTOR MEAN 114. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 5 1 .Iirr ...” I TRUE AZ'TMUTH 122 119 117 84 127

MT. WILD AREA. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. Ü. LOGS AND STEMS 253 TO 257 M VECTOR MEAN 247. STANDARD CEV 37. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 29 ...... TRUE AZIMUTH 234 231 234 251 292 248 271 201 238 255 221 268 TRUE AZIMUTH 208 ' 202 294 250 297 191 287 247 308 212 284 205 ...... TRUE AZIMUTH 302 195 264 283 197

STURM PEAKS SEC 0. FRENOUW.EM, A. PECIUM XBFDS 5 TO 7 M VECTOR MEAN 312. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 317 323 314 310 305 323 295

STORM PEAKS SEC 0. FREMCUW FN. B. MJCRGXLAM 2F IPL 24 TO 27 M VECTOR MEAN 287. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 299 296 285 293 279 296 296 254

STORM PEAKS SEC 0. FREMCUW FN. C. MICROXLAM 71 TO 72 M VECTOR MEAN 354. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 345 347 4 331 355 23 354 351

A- w BARRETT, P JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 25

STORM PEAKS SEC 1. FALLA PR. A. MEDIUM XBECS + 59 TO 62 VECTOR MEAN 342. STANDARD CEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 335 319 328 360 346 14 356 349 333 318

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMOUW FN. A. MEDIUM XBEOS 0 TO 3 VECTOR MEAN 283. STANDARD CEV 53. CONFIDENCE INTVL 85. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTF '312 203 277 319

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC C. FREMOUW FN. 8. MEDIUM XBEDS 41 TO 47 M VECTOR MEAN 291. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 16 TRUE AZIMUTH 315 340 267 288 273 299 291 321 279 276 280 261 TRUE AZIMUTH26 5 278 324 3 04

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC C. FREMOUW FN. C. MEDIUM XBEDS 96 TO 100 M VECTOR MEAN 325. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 339 309 317 324 334

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMCUW FN. D. MEDIUM XBEDS 102 TO 117 VECTOR MEAN 310. STANDARD CEV 34. CONFIDENCE INTVL 22. READINGS 12 TRUE AZIMUTH 351 321 264 239 284 326 341 346 327 304 297 310

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMGLW FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS 158 TO 160 VECTOR MEAN 263. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 253 265 259 251 284 265

OJ ui BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 26

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FRHMCUK FN. F. MICRCXLAM 2F 172 TO ,181 M. Vector MEAN 1 0 2 . standard cev 2 2 . confidence intvl 3 5 . readings 4 TRUE AZIMLTF 179 129 167 171

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC C. FREMGLW FN. G. MEDIUM XBEDS 234 TO 237 M VECTOR MEAN 521. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 23. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 336227 315 336 291

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMCUW FN. H. MEDIUM XBEDS 248 TO 259 M, VECTOR MEAN 302. STANDARD CEV 28. CONFIDENCE INTVL 35. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 265 291 334 327 293

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMOUW FN. I. MEDIUM XBEDS 296 TO 312 M VECTOR MEAN 521. STANDARD CEV 0. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTF 316 319 318 320 3C9 333 319 319 335

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMOUW FN. J. MEDIUM XBEDS 349 TO 351 M VECTOR MEAN 330. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 339 319 324 337 332

MT.''FALL A AREA. SEC 0. FREMGLW FN. K. MEDIUM XBEDS 2M 413 TO 425 M VECTOR MEAN 311. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 23. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 327 305 332 329 324 269 287

w cn L. L' I T f P • JÜR SCAllO 05/24/68 H18CÎC PAGE 27

MT. FALLA APÉA. SEC 0. FRFMCLW FN. L. MICRCXLAM 4 46 TO 4 52 M VECTOR MEAN '314....STANDARD DEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTF 238 258 297 324 319 309

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMCUW FN. M. PLANT STEMS 532 TO 535 M VECTOR MEAN 307. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 33. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 319 319 301 2 62 330

AT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMGLW FN. N. LOGS. 1 SENSE 582 TO 585 M VECTOR MEAN 342. STANDARD CEV 45. CONFIDENCE INTVL 35. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMLTF 329 333 293 17 314 207 45 50 346

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC(O) FREMCUW FN. 0. LOGS. 4 SENSES C. 580 TO 590 M VECTOR MEAN 204. STANDARD CEV 45. CONFIDENCE INTVL 37. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTF 22 326 327 253 302 302 305 239

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FREMCUW FN. P. MICRCXLAM 618 TO 619 M VECTOR MEAN 312. STANDARD CEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 22. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 273 324 325 307 310 221

'MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 0. FALLA FN. A.MICRCXLAM IF + 78 TO 84 M VECTOR MEAN 278. STANDARD DEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 305 282 259 256 289 BARRETT, P JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 28

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FRFMOUW FN. A. MFOIUM XBECS 14 TO 23 M VECTOR MEAN 313. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIOFNCE INTVL 9. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIRLTh 219 304 336 305 3 14 305 315 307

MT.' FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMOUW FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS 37 TO 46 M VECTOR MEAN 318. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 3 25 3 1 7 316 310 311. 294

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMOUW FN.- C. MICROXLAM 46 TO 47 M VECTOR MEAN 223. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4, READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 324 321 326 3 21

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC I. FREMOUW FN. D. MEDIUM XBECS 100 TO 107 M VECTOR MEAN 277. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 257 265 284 294 278 266 246 296 279 310

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMOUW FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS 125 TO 130 M VECTOR MEAN 310. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2 0 . READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 3 16 285 317 327 307

AT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMOUW FN. F. MEC AND MICROXBEDS 137 TO 140 M, VECTOR MEAN 263. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 34. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 289 274 282 239 228

u CD B ARKETT, P ...... JCB SCAllC 05/24/68 HIBOIG PAGE 29

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMCUW FN. G. MEüIUM XBEDS 144 10 153 H VECfCR MEAN '319. STANDARD OEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF211 311 321 320 332

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMCUW FN. H. PARTING LIN 279 TO 280 M VECTOR MEAN “ 322. STANDARD DEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 3 30 317 2 28 314 319

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 1. FREMGLW FN. I. MICRCXLAM 280 TO 281 M VECTOR MEAN 216. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 325 310 '318 323 305

MT. FALLA AREA. SFC 2. FREMOLW FN. A. MICRCXLAM - 18 TO 16 M VECTOR MEAN 231. STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 28. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 292 288 279 243 301

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 2. FALLA FN. A. MEDIUM XBED 2M + 31 TO 33 M VECTOR MEAN 289. STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 28. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 265 313 301 266 301

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 2. FALLA FN. B. MICROXLAM + 82 TO 83 M VECTOR MEAN 278. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17, READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 291 294 264 274 266

w vo V.W r^ * * a z w i BARRETT, P. JOB SDAllO C5/24/68 H18010 PAGE 30

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 2. FALLA FN. C. KECIUM XBEDS +255 TO 259 M VECTOR MEAN 315. 'STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 27. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTh 292 346 297 313 326

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 2. FALLA FN. D. MEDIUM XBED +271 TO 281 M' VECTOR MEAN 2C9. STANDARD CEV ;14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 18. READINGS 5 TRUE A ZIM L T F' 307 2 97 298 313 332

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMOUW FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS IM 0 TO 6 M VECTOR MEAN 7, STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 1 16 350 17 10

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 2. FREMGLW FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS 52 TO 66 M VECTOR MEAN 279. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 271 278 295 273 277

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMOUW FM. C. MEDIUM XBEDS 68 TO 71 M VECTOR MEAN 240. STANDARD CEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 27. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 227 220 341 17 226

'MT.'FALLA AREA. SFC 3. FREMOUW FN. 0. MEDIUM XBEDS 101 TO 105 M VECTOR MEAN 315. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 215 234 227 305 294

a BARRETT, P. JCB SDAllO 05/24/68 HIBOJO PAGE 31

MT. FALLA AREA, SEC 3. FREMCUW FN. E. MICRCXLAM 105 TO 106 M VECfOR MEAN 325. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 25. READINGS 5 2 J J - ' TRUE A/IMUTF. 3 17 329 330 294 346

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMOLW FN. F. MICRCXLAM 126 TO 129 M ...... VECTOR MEAN 233. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 ■ 7 7 J .T' JRUÊ AZIMUTH 249 230 236 226 223

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMOUW FN. G. MEDIUM XBEDS IP 147 TO 152 M "VECTOR MEAN 278. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 266 279 277 272 277

...... MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMCUW FN. H. MICRCXLAM 152 TO 162 M VECTOR MEAN 275. STANDARD CEV 58. CONFIDENCE INTVL 61. READINGS 6 r ^^UTH 268 171 231 304 315 317

" MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMOUW FN. I. MEDIUM XDED 166 TO 168 M VECTOR MEAN 327. STANDARD DEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 " 2 TRUE AZIMLTF 3 20 332 313 334 335

“MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 3. FREMOLW FN. J. MEDIUM XBED 183 TO 188 M VECTOR MEAN 1. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 1 354 14 3 355

4S- ■ts BARRFTT, P JCB SDAllC 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 32

“MT. FALLA AREA, SEC 3. FALLA FN. A. MICRCXLAM + 7 TO 34 M VECTOR MEAN 307. “STANDARD CEV 87. CONFIDENCE INTVL 91. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 187 239 321 334 320 162

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 4. FREMOUW FN. A. MEDIUM XBED 73 TO 67 M VECTOR MEAN 330. STANDARD DEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 333^34 338 317 328

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FRFMCLW FN-. A. MEDIUM XBED 30 TO 31 M VECTOR MEAN 334, STANDARD CEV 25. CONFIDENCE INTVL 27, READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 229 322 326 10 359 301

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMOUW FN. 8. MEDIUM XBED 47 TO 49 Ml VECTOR MEAN 330. STANDARD DFV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 219 331 319 341 338

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMCUW FN. C. MEDIUM XBED 49 TO 50 M VECTOR MEAN 339. STANDARD DEV 26. CONFIDENCE INTVL 32. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 336 330 14 304 352

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMCUW FN. D. MICROXLAM 51 TO 52 M VECTOR MEAN 216. STANDARD DEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 338 338 354 309 296 318 301 315 305 325 280

N) BARRETT, P. JCB SCAl10 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 33

MT." FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FRFMCUh FN. E. MEDIUM XBED 56 TO 59 M. VECTOR MEAN 337. ' STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 347 342 349 344 331 328 348 325 318 340

"MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMCUW FN. F. ASYM RIPPLES 69 TO 71 M VECTOR MEAN327. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 334 336 315 330 321

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FRFMOUW FN. G. MEDIUM XBED 75 TO 80 M VECTOR MEAN 338. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 325 341 321 343 348 351

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMCUW FN. H. MEDIUM XBED 1C9 TO 113 M VECTOR MEAN 333. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 315 360 337 330 339 320

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMOUW FN. I. MEDIUM XBED 198 TO 213 M VECTOR MEAN 284. STANDARD DEV 29. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 238 288 317 333 295 291 261 284 252 278

MT. FALLA AR.EA . SEC 5. FREMGLW FN. J. PLANT STEMS 203 TO 2C7 M VECTOR MEAN 305. STANDARD OEV 64. CONFIDENCE INTVL 39. READINGS 13 TRUE AZIMUTH 327 282 12 355 239 335 216 239 250 19 350 TRUE AZIMUTH 204

f» w BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 34

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMGLW FN. K. MECIUM XBED 213 TO 22 6 M VECTOR MEAN 339. STANDARD CEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 19. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 351 315 323 356 357 332

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FRFMOUW FM. L. MEDIUM XBED 290 TO 293 M VECTOR MEAN 48. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIOFNCE INTVL 7. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH3047 51 48 61 39 39 50 57 58

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FREMOUW FN. M. MEDIUM XBED 293 TO 294 M VECTOR MEAN 312. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 221 224 291 313

MT. FALLA AREA. SEC 5. FALLA FN. A. MEDIUM XBED 2M + 3 TO 10 M VECTOR MEAN 325. STANDARD DEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 19. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 338 333 221 344 297 309

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC I. FREMOUW FN. A. MEDIUM XBED 6 TO 8 M VECTOR MEAN 4, STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 355 7 22 354 360

MT.' KIRK PAT Ri'CK SEC 1. FREMCUW FN. B. MEDIUM XBED 23 TO 33 M VECTOR MEAN 224. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 25. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 355 3C7 335 315 311 BARRETT, P JOB SDAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 35

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC 0. FALLA FN. A. MEDIUM XBED + 24 TO 25 M VECTOR MEAN 334. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS TRUE AZIPUTH 325 328 345 337 333

MT.“ 'KIRKPATRICK SEC 0. FALLA FN. e. MEDIUM XBEDS + 33 TO 34 M VECTOR MEAN 330. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH337 353 352 321 341 323 332 316 298 350 307

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC 0. FALLA FN. C. PARTING LIN 58 M VECTOR MEAN 306. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 3 10 304 30 8 311 29: 309

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC 0. FALLA FN. 0. PARTING LIN + 58 TO 60 M VECTOR MEAN 341. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 348 352 343 349 327 329 336

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC C. FALLA FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS +. 86 TO 88 M, VECTOR MEAN 336. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 1,1. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 340 337 226 320 349 343

MT. KIRKPATRICK SFC 0. FALLA FN. F. MEDIUM XBEDS +192 TO 194 M VECTOR MEAN 340. STANDARD DEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 5 355 335 313 349 321

in BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 36

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC 0. FALLA FN. G. MEDIUM XBEDS +250 TO 252 H Vector'MEAN ■ 3 50. stancard cev 2 0 . confidence intvl 1 7 . readings TRUE AZTMLTH 335 338 22 352 12 358 323 342

MT. KIRKPATRICK SEC 0. FALLA FN. H. MEDIUM XBEDS +260 TO 263 M VECTOR MFAN 22. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 17 29 19 355 358 53 34 28

MT. SIRIUS. SEC 0. FREMCLb FM. A. MEDIUM XBED 23 TO 24 M VECTOR MEAN 277. STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 303 312 266 272 252 264 270

MT. SIRIUS, SEC G. FREMCUW FM. B. PARTING LIN SNS 26 TO 2 7 M VECTOR MEAN 222. STANDARD DEV 1. CONFIDENCE INTVL 1 READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 221 224 224 221 222 223

MT. SIRIUS, SEC C. FREMCUW FM. C. MEDIUM XBED 38 TO 47 M VECTOR MEAN 240. STANDARD CEV 49. CONFIDENCE INTVL 51 READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 305 318 329 302 31 58

38 TO 47 MMT. SIRIUS. SFC C. FREMCUW FM. D. CHANNELS 38 TO 47 MMT. VECTOR MEAN 344. STANDARD DEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 357 348 322 340

A. cn BARRETT, P. JOB SDAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 37

MT. SIRIUS. SEC 1. FREMOUW FM. A. MICRCXLAM 6 TO 7 M. VECTOR MEAN 2 6 5 . STANDARD DEV 1 0 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 0. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTF 278 256 263 250 273 271 263

MT. SIRIUS. ■ SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. B. MICROXLAM 14 TO 15 M VECTOR MEAN 322. STANDARD CEV 12, CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTF 331 315 3C7 337 326 336 310 318

MT. SIRIUS. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. C. MICROXLAM 23 TO 24 M VECTOR MEAN 232. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 286 281 284 275 284

MT. SIRIUS. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. 0. MICRCXLAM 31 M VECTOR MEAN 191. STANDARD DEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 181 187 201 188 194 196

MT. SIRIUS. SEC 1. FREMOUW FM. E. MEDIUM XBED 36 TO 37 M VECTOR MEAN 254. STANDARD CEV 80. CONFIDENCE INTVL 84. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 3 22 343 316 180 169 197

MT. SIRIUS. ' SEC 1. FREMOUW FM. F. PARTING LIN SNS 36 TO 37 M VECTOR MFAN 250. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5, READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 252 254 251 243 252

4S- -0 BARRETT, P. JCB SDAllC 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 38

MT. SIRIIS. SEC 1, FREMCUW FM. G. MICRCXLAM 56 TO 57 M VECTOR MEAN254. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 268 265 236 254 252 247

MT. SIRIUS. SEC 1. FREMCUW FM. H. MEDIUM XBED 55 TO 57 M VECTOR MEAN 262. STANDARD CEV 33. CONFIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTF 247 271 222 293 279 230 295 217 302

MT. SIRIUS. SEC I. FREMCUW FM. I. MEDIUM XBED 113 TO 115 M VECTOR MEAN 314. STANDARD CEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTF 289 353 302 332 321 316 290

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. A. MICROXLAM 3 TO 8 M VECTOR MEAN 17i. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 160 167 170 191 182 155

WAHL GLACIER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FN. 8. MICROXLAM 20 TO 26 M VECTOR MEAN 167. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF. 156 180 162 166 170

WAHL'GLACIER. SEC 1. BUCKLFY FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS 123 TO 130 M VECTOR MFAN 202. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 208 245 2G9 194 193 201 189 183

CD BARRETT, P, JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 39

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. 8. MICRCXLAM 216 TO 218 M Vector MEANi58. standard cev 13. confidence intvl 16. readings TRUE AZIMUTH 163 167 172 142 148

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 1. FREMGLW FN. A. RECIUM XBEDS + T5 TO 21 M VECTOR MEAN 320. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 25. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF290 321 312 340 335

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 1. FREMCUW FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS + 70 TO 76 M . VECTOR MEAN 29 7. STANDARD DEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15 k READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTF 291 310 284 313 274 315 293

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 1. FREMOUW FN. C. MEDIUM XBEDS +104 TO 107 M VECTOR MEAN 306. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 326 303 295 296 298 305 323

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 1. FREMCUW FN) D. PARTING LIN +104 TO 1C7 M VECTOR MEAN 336. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 3 TRUE AZIMUTH 338 335 334

WAHL GLACIER. SEC 1. FREMOUW FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS +139 TO 140 M VECTOR MEAN 174. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 171 172 173 179 171 178

\o BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 40

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. A. MCRCXLAM 0 TO 30 M VECTOR MEAN 1 2 1 . STANDARÜ OEV 22. CONFICENCE INTVL 27. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 134 1C5 101 153 113

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 1. MACKELLAR FN. A. MICROXLAM 17 TO 20 M VECTOR MEAN 124. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 6 True AZIMLTF 120 132 119 121 117 134

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 1. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MFOIUM XBEDS ♦ 76 TO 82 M VECTOR MEAN 155. STANDARD DEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 158 165 163 160 152 137 149 154 149 135 180

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC I. FAIRCHILD FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS + 94 TO 104 M VECTOR MEAN 149. STANDARD CEV 65. CONFIDENCE INTVL 54. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 125 155 157 158 180 343 141 132

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MICROXLAM +104 TO 109 M VECTOR MEAN 128. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 115 125 128 130 137 134

MACKELLAR AREA. SÉC 1. BUCKLEY FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS + 12 TO 18 M VECTOR MEAN 144. STANDARD DEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 15 TRUE AZIMUTH 133 135 148 147 155 157 143 140 124 140 154 166 TRUE AZIMUTH 142 137 138

■> (jia BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO Ofj/24/68 H18C10 PAGE 41

MACKELLAR /iREA. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS + 0 TO S M ■...... VECTOR MEAN 199. STANDARD CEV 21. CCNFIDENCE INTVL 18. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTh 19C 2C5 179 184 182 237 194 225

" '‘ MACKELLAR AFEA. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. Ô. MICRCXLAM + 9 TO 13 M ...... 2 VECTOR MEAN 192. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 12 ...... TRUE AZIMUTF 206 197 180 187 190 181 204 187 185 190 201 192

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 2. BUCKLFY FN. C. PLANT STFMS + 29 TO 30 M ■ VECTOR MEAN 217. STANDARD DEV 38. CONFIDENCE INTVL 23. READINGS 13 TRUE AZIMUTF 287 233 273 229 171 203 208 210 176 181 189 271 TRUE AZIMUTH 206

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FN. A. MICROXLAM + 8 TO 14 M VECTOR MEAN 151. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 153 153 147 143 140 142 160 155 135 155 177

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FN. B. MICROXLAM + 14 TO 17 M VECTOR MEAN 161. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 13 TRUE AZIMUTF 157 155 158 160 167 156 158 170 179 157 154 158 TRUE AZIMUTH 162

UI BARRETT, P. JOB SCAT 10 05/24/68 HIROIO PAGE 42

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FN. C. MICRCXLAM + 25 M VECTOR MFAN 206. STANDARD CEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTh 204 160 223 210 211 222

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FN. 0. MICRCXLAM + 25 M VECTOR MEAN 271. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 267 276 264 261 265 273 274 275 281

MACKELLAR AREA. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FN. E, MICROXLAM + 34 TC 37 M VECTOR MEAN 142. STANDARD DEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 18. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 157 145 145 151 136 153 101

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. A. MICRCXLAM + 9 TO 30 M VECTOR MEAN 205. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTH 178 210 204 198 211 213 234 192

MT. MILLER. SFC C. MACKELLAR FN. R. MICRCXLAM + 30 TO 49 M VECTOR MEAN 203. STANDARD CEV 48. CONFIDENCE INTVL 40. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 195 289 282 186 1£4 186 188 164

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. C. ASYMM RIPPLES + 30 TO 49 M VECTOR MFAN 267. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 262 281 264 261

4^ MUI BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllC C5/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 43

NT. MILLER. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. 0. PARTING LIN + 30 TO 49 N VECTOR MEAN 182. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 201 175 183 184 163

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. E. MICROXLAM + 62 TO 64 M VECTOR MEAN 193. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 221 177 204 183 189 187

MT. MILLER. SEC C. MACKELLAR FN. F. MICRCXLAM + 66 TO 67 M VECTOR MEAN 92. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 71 94 73 112 108 95 95

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MICRCXLAM + 0 TO 1 M VECTOR MEAN 178, STANDARD CEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 166 186 153 174 141 152 204 206 189 200 182

MT. MILLER. SEC C. FAIRCH ILD FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS + 18 TO 21 M VECTOR MEAN 167. STANDARD DEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 171 161 154 177 156 184

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. C. CHANNELS.NO SENSES* 76 TO 82 M VECTOR MEAN 168. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 154 178 157 182 182 160 157 172 173

UIw BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 HIBOIO PAGE 44

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. D. MEDIUM XBEDS +A92 TO 98 M VECTOR MEAN 185. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 192 177 169 186 199

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. FAIRCFILD FN. E. XBECS APPARENT DIP+ 92 TC 98 M VECTOR MEAN 157. STANDARD CEV 78. CONFIDENCE INTVL 60. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMLTH 226 256 254 109 95 102 107 108 ,252

MT. MILLER. SEC G. FAIRCHILD FN. F. MICRCXLAM +128 TO 131 M VECTOR MEAN 63. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 7 3 77 82 55 46 49 60

MT. MILLER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS + 0 TO 1 M VECTOR MEAN 224. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 0 TRUE AZIMUTH 242 247 225 220 216 187 209 242 \

MT. MILLER. SEC G. BUCKLEY FN. H. MEDIUM XBEDS +120 TO 131 M VECTOR MEAN 221. STANDARD CEV 30. CONFIDENCE INTVL 28. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 217 232 257 179 239 241 181

MT. MILLER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FN. C. MICROXLAM +192 TO 196 M VECTOR MEAN 129. STANDARD DEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 117 132 142 133 120

IS- tn o- BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 45

KT. MILLER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. 0. MICRCXLAM +216 TG 219 M VECTOR MEAN " 59. STANCARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 56 53 66 64 57

MT. MILLER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FN. E. MICRCXLAM +244 TO 250 M VECTOR MEAN 223. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 205 220 212 219 244 246 213

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. F. MICROXLAM 3F +280 TO 283 M VECTOR MEAN 64. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 49 58 57 64 71 84

MT. MILLER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FN. G. MICRCXLAM +293 TO 296 M VECTOR MEAN 48. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 51 47 48 46 48

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. H. MICRCXLAM +296 TO 307 M VECTOR MEAN 167. STANDARD CEV 61. CONFIDENCE INTVL 56. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 155 179 186 157 189 169 22

MT. MILLER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FM. I. LOGS. + 360 TO 372 M VECTOR MEAN 154. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 158 148 151 160 174

cn cn BARRETT, P. JOB SOAllO 05/24/68 hlBOlO PAGE 46

MT. MILLER. SEC 0. BLCKLEY FM. J. CHANNELS 4- 360 TO 372 M VEGTo 'r MEAN "14 5. "STANDARD LEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 43. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 142 144 160 114

BUNKER CkM. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FN. A. MICRCXLAM + 21 TO 26 M VECTOR MEAN 334. STANCARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 340 342 334 319 345 327 343 332 324 335

BUNKER CVïM. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FN. B. MICROXLAM IPL + 26 TO 34 M VECTOR MEAN 180. STANDARD CEV 28. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 13 TRUE AZIMUTF 2 15 169 217 2C6 175 157 212 187 157 167 150 131 TRUE AZIMUTH 193

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FN. C. MICROXLAM + 34 TO 37 M VECTOR MEAN 141. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 155 140 150 132 129

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FN. D. MICROXLAM + 49 TO 53 M VECTOR MEAN 119. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 103 109 113 117 139 131

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MICROXLAM + 6 TO 7 M VECTOR MEAN 169. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 165 147 179 190 163

o>UI BARRETT, P. JCB SDAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 47

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. 8. MEDIUM XBEDS 6 TO 15 M VECTOR MEAN 134. STANDARD OEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 127 130 141 131 140

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. C. SCLE MARKS VERGE + 39 TO 43 M VECTOR MEAN 160. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH168 153 156 163 177 157 144 173 154 157

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. D. ASYM RIPPLES + 43 TO 52 M, VECTOR MEAN 3C7. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 211 206 319 323 295 303 293

BUNKER CWM.. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS + 60 TO 70 M VECTOR MEAN 160. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 143 146 166 168 187 153

BUNKER CWM. ' SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. F. MICRCXLAM + 74 TO 75 M VECTOR MEAN 174. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 161 164 173 185 189

' BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. G. MEDIUM XBEDS + 89 TO 98 M 'VECTOR MEAN 150. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 129 143 139 156 144 168 171

45- -Jcn BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/6H H18010 PAGE 48

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. H. MEDIUM XBEDS + 110 TO 119 M VECTOR MEAN' 9 7 . STANDARD CEV 41. CONFIDENCE INTVL 38. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 46 47 114 79 123 110 156

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. I. MEDIUM XBEDS + 122 TO 128 M VECTOR MEAN 167. STANDARD CEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 160 119 154 166 166 180 177 191 185

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. J. MEDIUM XBEDS + 143 TO 149 M VECTOR MEAN 151. STANDARD CEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 168 169 156 120 127 154 134 143 162 172 159

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FN. K. MEDIUM XBEDS + 158 TO 164 M VECTOR MEAN 142. STANDARD DEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 141 132 152 142 144 150 139 143 132

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. A. CHANNEL AXES + 1 TO 10 M VECTOR MEAN 107. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 119 102 91 112 110

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. B. MICROXLAM + 18 TO 23 M VECTOR MEAN 110. STANDARD DEV 33. CONFIDENCE INTVL 27. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 81 99 113 107 96 72 157 162

in CD BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H1801G PAGE 49

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. C. KICROXLAM + 23 TO 24 M VECTOR MEAN 150. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 137 151 157 156 147

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. D. MICRCXLAM + 25 TO 26 M VECTOR MEAN 279. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 3. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIRÜTF 280 282 279 276 278

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY • FN. E. MICROXLAM + 34 TO 37 M VECTOR MEAN 183. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 181 172 170 164 165 195 202 198 202 199 163

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. F. MEDIUM XBEDS + 34 TO 37 M. VECTOR MEAN 201. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 207 237 191 2 04 189 202 132

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. G. MICRCXLAM + 42 TO 45 M VECTOR MEAN 163. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 149 152 167 154 170 175 167 170

BUNKER CWM. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FN. H. MEDIUM XBEDS + 42 TO 45 M VECTOR MEAN 194. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29, READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 200 157 195 194 223

4S- U1 U3 BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 HlOOlO PAGE 50

BUNKER ChM. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS n 69 TO 73 M VECTOR MEAN328. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 316 222 335 354 315

BUNKER CWM. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS + 75 TO 78 M VECTOR MEAN 343. STANDARD DEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 19. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 345 351 1 320 339

BUNKER CWM. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. C. MEDIUM XBEDS + 83 TO 86 M VECTOR MEAN 156. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF. 173 151 165 138 152

BUNKER CWM. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. D. MEDIUM XBEDS 98 TO 103 M VECTOR MEAN 110. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 135 137 86 111 1C7 105 124 141

BUNKER CWM. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS + 104 TO 107 M VECTOR MEAN 119. STANDARD CEV 36. CONFIDENCE INTVL 30. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 116 104 48 167 152 99 129 128

BUNKER CWM. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. F. MEDIUM XBEDS f 104 TO 107 M VECTOR MEAN 116. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14, READINGS 14 TRUE AZIMUTH c c 97 79 128 117 118 156 116 105 160 126 90 TRUE AZIMUTH. 136 97

cr> o BARRFTT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 51 • t

MT. ROPER. SEC G/~BUCKLEY FR. A. MEDIUM XGED 36 TO 38 M VECTOR MEAN 14 2 . STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 140 144 133 147 145

MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. 8. MEDIUM XBED 40 TO 43 N _ ^'VECTOR MEAN 354. STANDARD CEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 28. READINGS 5 ...... ■ TRUE AZIMLTF 20 226 15 346 345

MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. C. MEDIUM XBED 44 TO 52 M VECTOR MEAN 84. STANDARD DEV 21. CCNEIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS 5 2 TRUE AZIMUTF 108 103 74 50 78

...... MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. D. PARTING LIN SNS 65 M VECTOR MEAN 86. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTF 56 78 90 85 82 89 81

MT. ROPER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FM. E. MEDIUM XBED 67 TO 68 M VECTOR MEAN 71. STANDARD DEV 10. CCNEIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTF 57 82 72 73 80 58 74

MT. ROPER. SEC C. BUCKLEY FM. F. MICRCXLAM 80 TO 82 M ...... VECTOR MEAN 133. STANDARD DEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 16 5 98 120 137 142 138

4^ cr> BARKETT, P. JÜR SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 52

MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. G. MICRCXLAM 88 TO 89 M VECTOR MEAN ' 107. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 3. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 110 108 105 105 109

MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. A. PARTING LIN SNS 88 TO 89 M VECTOR MEAN 101, STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 99 106 104 98 18

MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. I. PARTING LIN SNS 110 TO 112 M VECTOR MEAN 89. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 78 91 94 88 92

MT. ROPER. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. J. PARTING L SNS 185 TO 186 M VECTOR MEAN 252. STANDARD CEV 1. CONFIDENCE INTVL 1. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 351 351 352 353 353

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS 3 TO 15 M VECTOR MEAN 43. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 16 TRUE AZIMUTF 1 5 58 38 72 33 41 44 24 27 39 60 TRUE AZIMUTF 31 34 64 4 8

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. A. MICROXLAM + 20 TO 23 M VECTOR MEAN 144. STANDARD CEV 10, CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTF 126 143 147 142 146 156 128 143 147 161 146

ADD 25 M TO DISTANCE ABOVE BASE OF BUCKLEY FM. cn to BARRETT, P. JUB SCAllG 05/24/68 HI 8010 PAGE 53

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FN. e. PICROXLAM 4- 29 TO 31 M. VECTOR MEAN 276. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 33. READINGS TRUE A2IPLTH 308 292 244 253 2 84

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. C. MICRCXLAM + 116 TO 117 M VECTOR MEAN 83. STANDARD CEV 39. CONFIDENCE INTVL 41. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 77 63 165 69 74 74

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. 0. MICRCXLAM + 119 TO 120 M VECTOR MEAN 62. STANDARD CEV 93. CONFIDENCE INTVL 86. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTh 43 116 39 !45 64 303 116

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. E. MICROXLAM + 121 TO 123 M VECTOR MEAN 129. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 122 134 129 132 134 126

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. F. MICRCXLAM + 131 TO 13 2 M VECTOR MEAN 219. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 220 228 211 2 13 223

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. G. MICROXLAM + 132 TO 133 M VECTOR MEAN 294. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTF 292 285 287 296 300 304

cr> u BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 HI 8010 PAGE 54

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN, H.CHANNELS.3 SENSES.+ 167 TO 181 M VECTOR MEAN231. STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 13 TRUE AZIMUTH 229 216 214 235 286 214 269 235 224 241 216 22 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 214

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. I. LOGS AND STEMS + 167 TO 181 M VECTOR MEAN 256, STANDARD DEV 51. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 25 TRUE AZIMUTF 245 284 303 327 197 252 254 187 275 326 246 328 TRUE AZIMUTF 252 258 251 169 303 199 280 206 257 274 188 161 TRUE AZIMUTF 332

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. J. MICROXLAM + 225 TO 228 M VECTOR MEAN 215. STANDARD DEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 213 220 212 216 214

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. K. LOGS AND STEMS + 302 TO 321 M VECTOR MEAN 196. STANDARD DEV 39. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 26 TRUE AZIMUTH 215 199 217 139 126 227 199 225 2C9 227 207 251 TRUE AZIMUTF 180 174 178 147 114 219 259 220 264 190 194 169 TRUE AZIMUTH 172 167 BARRETT JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 55

PAINTED CLIFFS. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. L. MICROLAM 2 F + 368 TO 392 VECTOR MEAN' 23. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF. 31 23 19 4 8 38 39 32 34

MT. CRANFIELC SEC 0, MACKELLAR FM. A. SLUMP FOLDS STRIKË+ 49 TO 51 VECTOR MEAN 4. STANDARD DEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 29 351 3 349 11

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. B. MICROXLAM + 56 TO 58 VECTOR MEAN 201. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 181 180 203 222 181 158 220 240 223 I

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC C. MACKELLAR FM. C. MICRCXLAM + 61 VECTOR MEAN 180. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 199 180 164 181 179 179

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. D. RIPPLES SNS + 62 TO 73 M VECTOR MEAN 47. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 25 TRUE AZIMLTF 51 49 55 49 51 4 6 49 48 44 41 46 44 TRUE AZIMUTH 43 59 41 53 47 43 44 4 8 44 44 52 51 TRUE AZIMUTH 43

MT. CRANElELD. SEC 0. FAIRCFILO FM. A. MICROXLAM 4 5 TO 6 M VECTOR MEAN 162. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTF 172 176 159 154 150 164 160

cn cn BARRETT, JOB SCAllO 05/24/6R H18010 PAGE 56

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCFILO FM. B. MICRCXLAM + 12 TO 13 M VECTOR MEAN 187. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 177 171 186 201 203 184

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. C. FARTING LIN + 37 TO 38 M VECTOR MEAN 46. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 4 TRUE'AZIMUTH 4 2 46 57 39

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. D. PARTING LIN SNS + 43 TO 44 M VECTOR MEAN 138. STANDARD DEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 136 151 131 138 133 137 143

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. E. MEDIUM XBED + 50 TO 52 M VECTOR MEAN 192. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 28. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 162 193 178 179 237 208

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. F. PARTING LIN SNS + 52 M VECTOR MEAN 192. STANDARD DEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 194 190 194 191 193

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. G. MICROXLAM + 52 TO 53 M VECTOR MEAN 188. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 183 3.81 193 180 191 199 186

A- cn cn BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 57

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. H. FARTING LIN + 62 TO 63 M VECTOR MEAN 190. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 180 181 189 198 200

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. I. MEDIUM XPED + 62 TO 69 M VECTOR MEAN 204. STANDARD CEV 38. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS 12 TRUE AZIMUTH251 202 220 205 222 212 267 204 155 178 142 138

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. J. MICRCXLAM + 69 TO 70 M VECTOR MEAN 207. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 205 156 207 209 200 221

MT. CRANFIELO. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. K. PARTING LIN SNS + 91 TO 92 M VECTOR MEAN 86. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 86 87 90 76 87 89

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. L. MEDIUM XBED + 90 TO 94 M VECTOR MEAN 99. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 34. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 123 52 108 101 108

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. M. PARTING LIN +103 TO 104 M VECTOR MEAN 106. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 104 120 113 94 57 109 107 GARRETT, P. JUB SCAllO 05/24/60 H18010 PAGE 58

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. N. MEDIUM XBED +121 TO 130 M VECTOR MEAN 150. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 157 145 143 153 154

MT .CRANFIELO. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. C. MEDIUM XGED +153 TO 158 M VECTOR MEAN 155. STANDARD CEV 22. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 'TRUE AZIMUTH 160 146 157 181 146 ]16 177

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FM. A. MEDIUM XBED ABOUT +100 M. VECTOR MEAN 113. STANDARD DEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 12 TRUE AZIMUTH 113 125 114 123 115 96 93 103 123 120 119 111

MT. CRANFIELO. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. A. MICRCXLAM 1 TO 3 M VECTOR MEAN 186. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 211 151 188 183 172 186 172 174 195 184

MT. CRANFIELO. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. 8. PARTING LIN 20 M VECTOR MEAN 238. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 220 234 238 24 1 246

MT. CRANFTflC. sec 2. BUCKLEY FM. C. RIPPLES SNS 28 TO 44 M VECTOR MEAN 168. STANDARD CEV 44. CONFIDENCE INTVL 23. READINGS 17 TRUE AZIMLTH 146 155 157 158 150 168 167 160 249 142 174 215 TRUE AZIMLTH. 164 154 142 1 72 306

f». cn œ BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. D. PARTING LIN SNS 58 TO 59 M VECTOR MEAN 176. STANDARD CEV 1. CCNFIDFNC'E INTVL 2. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 174 178 175 176 176

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. E. MEDIUM XBED 66 TO 74 M VECTOR MEAN 182. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12, READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTF164 191 171 192 166 186 208 196 166

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. F. MEDIUM XBED 78 TO 84 M VECTOR MEAN 151. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 18, READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMLTF 132 174 133 163 136 172 192 135 128

MT. CRANFIELO. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. G. MICROXLAM 84 TO 85 M VECTOR MEAN 90. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTF 82 84 98 81 96 97

MT. CRANFIELO. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. H. MICROXLAM 148 TO 149 M VECTOR MEAN 176. STANDARD CEV ' 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTF 147 168 166 164 189 195 187 222 155 150 199

MT. CRANFIELC. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. I. LOGS, STEMS 197 M VECTOR MEAN 164. STANDARD CEV 41. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 24 TRUE AZIMUTF 188 178 169 148 143 173 222 215 198 267 137 124 TRUE AZIMUTF 222 146 145 112 120 123 151 174 107 209 171 147 BARRETT, P JOB SDAllO 05/24/68 HiaOlO PAGE 60

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. PAGOCA FN. A. MCRCXLAM 0 TO 2 H VECTOR MEAN 12'). STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 121 126 121 115 128 124 126 133

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. PAGOCA FN. B. MICROXLAM + 6 TO 7 M VECTOR MEAN 92. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 91 108 73 94 96

LOWRY GL. SEC C. PAGOCA FN. C. MICROXLAM 7 TO 9 M VECTOR MEAN 123. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 124 131 126 119 115

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. PAGOCA FN. D. MICRCXLAM 13 TO 14 M VECTOR MEAN 66. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 75 71 59 59 67

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. PAGOCA FN. E. MICRCXLAM 14 M VECTOR MEAN 121. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 112 121 116 129 129

GWRY GL.' ...... SEC 0. PAGOCA FN. F. MICRCXLAM 15 M ECTOR MEAN 58. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 5 RUE AZIMUTH 68 70 43 61 47

-O O BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18C1G PAGE 61

LOWRY GL...... SEC C. PAGOCA FN. G. MICROXLAM 19 M VECTOR MEAN 9 6 . STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 98 104 97 88 94

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. A ASYM RIPPLES 2SM + 2 TO 4M VECTOR MEAN 91. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTF 110 9 2 91 83 92 78

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. R. ASYM RIPPLES 2P S+ 9 TO 12 M VECTOR MEAN 1G3. STANDARD CEV 32. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 164 163 127 199 213 179 156 152 107

LCWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. C. MICRCXLAM + 23 TO 26 M VECTOR MEAN 177. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 165 1E6 190 172 170

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. 0. MICRCXLAM + 26 TO 27 M VECTOR MEAN 181. STANDARD CEV 12. CCNFIDFNCE INTVL 15. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 167 189 195 183 169

LOWRY GL. ' SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. E. MICROXLAM + 28 TO 32 M VECTOR MEAN 220. STANDARD DEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 215 2C7 229 232 219

-0 BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllC 05/24/68 HXBOlO PAGE 62

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. F. SLUMP FOLDS VERGE+ 47 TO 49 M VECTOR MEAN 166. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 22. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTF 147 145 158 142 193 1F5 194

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. G. MICRCXLAM 2F PL + 52 TO 56 M VECTOR MEAN 166. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTF 167 168 158 1 79 149 178 '165 161

LOWRY GL, SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. H. MICROXLAM + 63 TO 65 M VICTOR MEAN 132. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTh 120 141 156 113 129

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FN. I. MICRCXLAM + 65 TO 71 M VECTOR MEAN 176. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL II. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 162 181 183 180 175

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. A. PARTING LIN + 16 TO 18 M VECTOR MEAN 175. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 179 IE5 176 169 172 172

LOWRY GL. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FN. R. MEDIUM XBEDS + 24 TO 25 M VECTOR MEAN 126. STANDARD CEV 30. CONFIDENCE INTVL 37. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 99 1G7 175 134 119

NJ-«a BARRËTTt P. JCn SDAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 63

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. C. MEDIUM XREDS + 35 TO 44 M VECTOR MEAN 160. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 171 163 139 179 146

LCWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. 0. MEDIUM. XREDS PL + 44 TO 53 M VECTOR MEAN "134. STANDARD DFV 57. CONFIDENCE INTVL 39. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTF 119 98 84 119 151 149 154 274 63 169 179

LCWRY GL. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FN. E. MEDIUM XBEDS + 53 TO 6 2 M VECTOR MEAN 106. STANDARD DFV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 119 1C9 94 103 104

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. F. MICRCXLAM 58 M VECTOR MEAN 118. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 124 130 88 123 124

LCWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. G. MICRCXLAM 3 LEVEL+ 99 TO 102 M VECTOR MEAN 152. STANDARD CEV 80. CONFIDENCE INTVL 84. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 57 43 147 158 225 227

LOWRY GL SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. H. MEDIUM XBFCS + 99 TO 102 M VECTOR MEAN 141. STANDARD CEV 23. 'CONFIDENCE INTVL 28. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTF 125 149 176 119 137

W->J BARK FIT, P. JOB SCAliO 05/24/68 HI 8010 PAGE 64

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILO FN. I. MICRCXLAM + 105 TO 107 M 'VECTOR MEAN 141. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 129 146 135 136 136 148 151 145 148 133

LCWRY GL...... SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. J. MICRCXLAM + 117 M VECTOR MEAN 94. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 104 91 93 101 81

LCWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. K. MEDIUM XREDS + 114 TO 120 M VECTOR MEAN 174. STANDARD CEV 66. CONFIDENCE INTVL 81. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 155247 244 136 102

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. L. MICRCXLAM + 140 TO 141 M VECTOR MEAN 33. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 23. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 22 21 19 41 63

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. M. MICRCXLAM + 141 M "VECTOR MEAN 88. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 105 6 7 84 105 77

LOWRY GL. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FN. N. MICRCXLAM + 142 M VECTOR MEAN 200. STANDARD CEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 199 201 197 204 197

-J<>• BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllO C5/24/68 H18010 PAGE 65

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. FAIRCHILD FN. A. MEDIUM XBEDS - 50 TO 47 M VECTOR MEAN 106. STANDARD LEV 62. CONFIDENCE INTVL 57. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 147 57 40 211 149 104 67

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. FAIRCHILD FN. D. MICROXLAM - 36 TO 35 M VECTOR MEAN 56. STANDARD DEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE Azimuth 43 61 6 5 5 5 55

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. FAIRCHILD FN. C. MEDIUM XBEDS 4M - 15 TO 6 M VECTOR MEAN 1C9. STANDARD CEV 57. CONFIDENCE INTVL 43. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 217 32 101 150 91 91 144 49 137

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. A, MEDIUM XBEDS + + 6 M VECTOR MEAN 92. STANDARD CEV 21* CONFIDENCE INTVL 27. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 120 85 72 109 74

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. B. MEDIUM XBEDS 2P 15 TO 23 M VECTOR MEAN 43. STANDARD CEV 69. CONFIDENCE INTVL 40. READINGS 14 TRUE AZIMLTH : 14 339 29 147 155 71 333 319 53 66 355 45 TRUE AZIMUTH 127 106

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. C. MEDIUM XBEDS + 26 TO 29 M VECTOR MEAN 53. STANDARD CEV 2 1 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 22. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 84 39 75 40 45 34

-0 ui BARRETT, P. JCB SDAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 66

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. D MICROXLAM + 31 TO 34 M VECTOR MEAN 175.“ STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 174 ISO 165 166 179

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. E. MICROXLAM + 37 TO 40 M VECTOR MEAN 168. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE Azimut F i 5i 174 174 167 173

LOWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. F. MEDIUM XBEDS + 37 TO 40 M VECTOR MEAN 167. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 164 153 177 167 176

LCWRY GL. SEC 1. BUCKLEY FN. G. MICROXLAM + 49 TO 51 M VECTOR MEAN 160. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 167 164 169 143 159

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. A. PLANT STEMS + 244 TO 246 M VECTOR MEAN 180. STANDARD CEV 59. CONFIDENCE INTVL 49. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTF 69 187 123 244 173 228 219 146

LCWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. B. MICRCXLAM + 247 TO 248 M VECTOR MEAN 182. STANDARD DEV 0. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTh 182 180 196 178 175

-J cn BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllC 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 67

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY EN. C. MEDIUP XBEDS 3PL + 251 TO 254 M vector mean 130. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 8 TRUE AZINÜTE 176 177 179 169 168 188 196 187

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. D. MICRCXLAM + 259 TO 262 M VECTOR MEAN 165. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTh 189 167 156 162 151 150 159 166

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. E. MICROXLAM + 272 TO 273 M VECTOR MEAN 25. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 26 24 359 38 25 37

LCWRY GL. SEC Z. BUCKLEY FN. F. MEDIUM XBFCS + 294 TO 297 M VECTOR MEAN 103. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTh 95 1C8 113 1C5 96

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. G. SYM RIPPLES DIRN + 335 TO 337 M VECTOR MEAN 148. STANDARD DEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 22. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTh 140 142 189 142 148 128

LOW IT Y G L. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. i H. MICRCXLAM SF + 340 TO 343 M VECTOR MEAN 194. STANDARD CEV 36. CONFIDENCE INTVL 44. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 166 228 139 223 188

-o -o BARRETT, P. JCB SDAllO 05/24/68 HlOOlO PAGE 68

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY EN. I. MICROXLAM + 360 TO 362 M VECTOR MEAN 2 ) 1 . STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 207 211 209 200 228

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. J . MICROXLAM + 409 TO 410 M VECTOR MEAN 195. STANDARD DEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 True AZIMLTF2 0 8 190 I8 6 1 9 4 196

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. K. MICROXLAM + 411 TO 412 M vector mean 257. STANDARD CEV 24. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 274 224 284 246 257

LCWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. L. LEGS AND STEMS + 409 TO 412 M VECTOR MEAN 149. STANDARD CEV 52. CONFIDENCE INTVL 40. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMLTH 176 177 179 223 110 94 90 200 93

LCWRY GL. SEC 2. RUCKLEY FM. M. MICROXLAM + 460 TO 462 M VECTOR MEAN 358. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTh 8 1 358 357 345

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. N. ASYM RIPPLES ■*- 466 TO 468 M VECTOR MEAN 162. STANDARD CFV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF. 164 176 168 158 135 171

CD BARRETT JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 H1801C PAGE 69

LOWRY GLL SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. 0. MICROXLAM + 466 TO 466 M Vector mean .. 62. STANDARD CEV 31. CONFIDENCE INTVL 32. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 26 23 59 8 5 66 91

LCWRY GL. SEC ?. BUCKLEY FN. P. SLUMP FOLD VERGE + 474 M VECTOR MEAN 164. STANDARD CEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH ' 168 158 197 142 156

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY .FN. C. LOGSANC STEMS + 506 TO 506 M VECTOR MEAN 221. STANDARD CEV 43. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 21 TRUE AZIMUTH 267 27 5 2 58 166 198 253 238 260 124 226 226 237 TRUE AZIMUTH 272 235 254 170 175 158 221 18 8 191

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. R. LOGS AND STEMS + 508 TO 509 M VECTOR MEAN 228. STANDARD CEV 44. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 19 TRUE AZIMLTH 287 202 202 177 236 240 151 286 233 237 177 272 TRUE AZIMUTH 161 186 267 269 254 202 254

LOWRY GL. SEC 2, BUCKLEY FN. S. CHANNELS GOOD + 509 TO 511 M, VECTOR MEAN 228. STANDARD DEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 221 233 231

LOWRY GL. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FN. T. PARTING LIN GOOD + 536 TO 539 VECTOR MEAN 256. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 262 250 257

-04S> \o BARRETT, P. JCB SOAlTO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 70

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. A. MICRCXLAM + 29 TO 33 M VECTOR MEAN 114. STANDARD DEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTF 109 93 122 124 107 119 122

SOLITARY PK. SEC C. MACKELLAR FM. B. MICROXLAM + 54 TO 55 M VECTOR MEAN 93. STANDARD CEV 6. CCNEIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 10 2 95 96 EB 94 84

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. C. MICRCXLAM + 59 TO 60 M VECTOR MEAN 132. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTh 137 133 133 144 139 114 123

solitary PK. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. A. MICROXLAM + 3 TO 4M VECTOR MEAN 179. STANDARD DFV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 180 180 188 178 185 164 178

SOLITARY FK. SEC C. FAIRCFILO FM. B. PARTING LIN SNS + 28 TO 29 M VECTOR MEAN 178. STANDARD CEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 3. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 179 176 181 178 180 173 181

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. C. MICRCXLAM + 50 TO 51 M VECTOR MEAN 115. STANDARD DEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTF 107 122 104 143 102 111

CD a BARKETT, P *JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 HiaOlO PAGE 71

SOLITARY PK.SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. 0. MEDIUM XBED + 50 TO 56 M VECTOR MEAN 126. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTH lAl 122 1C5 121 109 124 155 131

'SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCFILO FM. E„ MEDIUM XBED + 61 TO 64 M VECTOR MEAN 139. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 8 TRUE' AZIMLTF 114 141 150 157 123 143 146 127

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCFILO FM. F. MEDIUM XBED +139 TO 142 M VECTOR MEAN 52. STANDARD CEV 68. CONFIDENCE INTVL 57. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 326 15 34 1 9 8 64 EE 329 160

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCFILO FM. G. MICRCXLAM +139 M VECTOR MEAN 155. STANDARD DEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 19. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 147 175 139 166 140

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCFILO FM. H. MICRCXLAM +142 M VECTOR MEAN 19. STANDARD CEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 27. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTF 12 359 360 44 39

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. I. MICRCXLAM +143 M VECTOR MEAN 57. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 57 52 63 58 55

CD BARRETT, P. JCB SDAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 12

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. J. MFDIÜM XBED +162 TO 165 M VECTOR MEAN 71. STANDARD DEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 57 40 85 65 73 65

SOLITARY PK. SEC C. BUCKLFY FM. A. MICRCXLAM + 8 TG 5 M VECTOR MEAN 134. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 126 125 132 128 153 143

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. B. PARTING LIN SNS + 48 M, VECTOR MEAN 146. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 149 154 149 143 145

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. C. MEDIUM XBED + 67 TO 70 M VECTOR MEAN 180. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 167 184 180 16 5 182

SOLITARY PK. SEC 0. BUCKLEY FM. D. MEDIUM XBED + 77 TO 79 M VECTOR MEAN 87. STANDARD CEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 25. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 75 69 117 97 76

SOL ITARY PK. SEC C- BLCKLEY FM. E. MEDIUM XBED +106 TO 109 M VECTOR MEAN 52. STANDARD DEV 40. CONFIDENCE INTVL 42. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 56 9 58 45 34 128

■p- N)CO BARRETT, P. JCB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 7 3

SOLITARY PK. SEC 1. PAGOCA FM. A. STRIAE CN BASEMENT + 20 M VECTOR MEAN 184. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 182 181 185 183 186 185

SCLITARY PK. SEC 1. PAGCDA FM. B. STRIAE + 31 M VECTOR MEAN 163. STANDARD CEV 3. CCNEIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH ‘ 158 163 167 162 163

SOLITARY PK. SEC 1. PAGODA FM. • C. RIPPLES SNS + 32 M VECTOR MEAN 257. STANDARD CEV 85. CONFIDENCE INTVL 105. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 89 240 261 275 263

SOLITARY PK. SEC 1. PAGODA FM. D. GROOVES + 139 Ml VECTOR MEAN 171. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH. 177 171 170 167 168

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. A. PARTING LIN + 21 TO 22 M VECTOR MEAN 187. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 188 186 186 193 181 189

MOORE MTS, SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. B. MICRCXLAM + 29 TO 30 M VECTOR MEAN 153. STANDARD CEV 7. CCNFIDFNCE INTVL 8. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 160 147 155 145 150 163

CDw BARRETT, P JOB SCAl10 05/24/68 HI 8010 PAGE 74

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. C. MICRCXLAM + 31 TO 32 M 'VECTOR' MEAN 148. STANDARD DEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 157 151 140 142 154 137 138 160 157

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. D. MTCRGXLAM + 40 TO 4 3 M VECTOR MEAN 177. STANDARD DEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 6 "TRUE AZIMUTH 180 177 160 179 180 188

MOORE MIS. SEC C. MACKELLAR FM. E. MICRCXLAM + 57 TO 59 N VECTOR MEAN 180. STANDARD DEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 168 186 183 183 181 178 179

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. F. MICRCXLAM + 61 TO 62 M VECTOR MEAN 152. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 146 147 148 160 155 154 145 160

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. MACKELLAR FM. G. MICRCXLAM + 63 TO 64 M VECTOR MEAN 152. STANDARD CEV ' 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 149 146 156 163 147 138 156 164

MOORE' MTS. SEC G, FAIRCHILD FM. H. PARTING LIN + 13 TO 15 M VECTOR MEAN 160. STANDARD DEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 5, READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 163 165 166 157 157 153

CD BARRETT, P. JOB SCAl 1C 05/24/68 HI 8010 PAGE 75

MOORÉ MTS. SEC G. FAIRCHILD FM. I. PARTING LIN 4 21 TO 22 M VECTOR MEAN 170. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMUTH 16 5 169 160 184 174 164 167 159 186

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. J. MEDIUM XDCD + 20 TO 22 M VECTOR MEAN 182. STANDARD CEV 27. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 173 186 162 222 203 148

MOCRE MTS. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. K. PARTING LIN +20 TO 22 M VECTOR MEAN 165. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 156 166 163 164 168 169 167

KCCRE MTS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. L. PARTING LIN. + 22 M VECTOR MEAN 235. STANDARD DEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH; 230 230 236 235 238

MOORE MTS. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. M. MFDIUM XBED + 54 TO 55 M VECTOR MEAN 147. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 18. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 148 136 152 131 169

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. N. PARTING LIN + 58 TO 60 M VECTOR MEAN 220. STANDARD CEV 4. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 219 216 226 224 218 220

CD tn BARRETT, P JOB SCAT. 10 05/24/68 HI8010 PAGE 76

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. 0. MEDIUM XBED + 60 TO 62 M Vector MEAN is 7 . standard cev ii. confidence intvl 1 3 . readings 5 TRUE azimuth 1S9 180 2C9 202 196

MOORE MTS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. P. PARTING LIN + 60 TO 62 M VECTOR MEAN 190. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH201 192 195 193 2C9

MOCRE MTS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. 0. MEDIUM XBED + +74 M VECTOR MEAN 179. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 192 186 159 165 184 165

MOCRE MIS. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. R. MICRCXLAM +74 M VECTOR MEAN 169. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 170 153 182 173 169

MOORE MTS. SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. S. MEDIUM XBED +110 TO 120 M VECTOR MEAN 101. STANDARD DEV 95. CONFIDENCE INTVL 64, READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 43 28 31 10 84 177 163 134 179 282 239

MOURE MTS. .. SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. T. MEDIUM XBED +126 TO 128 M VECTOR MEAN 206. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 2G9 232 197 207 197 192

CD cn BARRETT, P. JOB SDAllO C5/24/68 HlOOlO PAGE 77

MÜOPE MTS, SEC 0. FAIRCHILD FM. U. MICRCXLAM +128 TO 129 M VECTOR MEAN "ieS.STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 187 170 192 196 185

MOORE MTS. ‘ SEC C. FAIRCHILD FM. V. MICRCXLAM 133 M VECTOR MEAN 14 8. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 14 6 168 130 136 157 154

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. A. PARTING LIN SNS 22 TO 23 M VECTOR MEAN166. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 174 166 166 166 159 162 168

MCGRE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. B. MICRCXLAM 3 2 TO 33 M VECTOR MEAN 130. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 134 128 127 144 131 123 124

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. C. MEDIUM XHED 34 TO 35 M VECTOR MEAN 138. STANDARD DEV 20. CONFIDENCE INTVL 24. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 134 158 125 159 115

MOORE MTS...... SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. 0. PARTING LIN SNS 34 TO 35 M VECTOR MEAN 121. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 122 129 113 123 114 125

CD - o BARRETT, p . JCB SDAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 78

MOCRE MIS. SEC 2. FAIRCEILD FM. E. PARTING LIN SNS 40 TO 41 M VECTOR M EA N 155. STANDARD CEV 4 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 15 TRUE AZIMUTH 150 158 158 162 156 154 149 149 156 156 155 149 TRUE AZIMUTH 154 153 159

MCÜRE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. F. PARTING LIN SNS 44 TO 46 M VECTOR MEAN 186. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 188 188 186 185 182 187 188 184

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. G. MEDIUM XBED 44 TO 46 M VECTOR MEAN 137. STANDARD DEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 2C5 228 199 198 190 101 199 179 160 176 143

MOCRE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. H. PARTING LIN 48 TO 49 M VECTOR MEAN 194. STANDARD CEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMLTH 199 195 194 193 190 190 192 191 196 198

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. I. MICRCXLAM 58 TO 59 M VECTOR MEAN 89. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 86 80 85 103 78 91 91 95

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. J . PARTING LIN SNS 68 TO 69 M VECTOR MEAN 211. STANDARD CFV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8, READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 205 223 205 220 214 205 197 218

00 00 BARRETT, P. JCR SCAITO 05/24/68 H3.8O10 PAGE 79

Ml:ORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. K. MICRCXLAM 69 TO 70 M VECTOR MEAN 204. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10, READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH; 22 1 200 195 224 202 207 196 191

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. L. MICRGXLAM 78 M VECTOR MEAN 23. STANDARD CEV 9 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 19 17 38 21 20

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. M. MICROXLAM 79 M VECTOR MEAN 78. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMLTH 67 67 74 88 87 84

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. N. PARTING LIN SNS 80 TO 81 M VECTOR MEAN 93. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 9 6 95 89 110 88 81

iMGCRE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. G. PARTING LIN SNS 84 TO 6 5 M VECTOR MEAN 101. STANDARD DEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7, READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 110 101 98 97 99

MOGRE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. P. PARTING LIN SNS 88 TO 89 M VECTOR MEAN 185. STANDARD DEV 4 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 188 187 184 17 8 189 BARRETT, P JCB SCAllC 05/24/60 H1601C PAGE 80

MOORE MIS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. Q. MICRCXLAM 89 M VECTOR MEAN' 186. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6 . READINGS TRUE AZINOTE 18 6 179 183 192 189

MOCRE MIS'. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. R. MEDIUM XBED 108 TO 110 M VECTOR MEAN 234. STANDARD CEV 25. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 12 TRUE AZIMUTH 224 195 218 248 236 217 255 225 2C6 260 283 243

MCGRE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. S. LOGS 118 TO 121 M VECTOR MEAN 209. STANDARD CEV 48 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS 16 TRUE AZIMUTH 249 291 210 1E5 260 274 201 202 156 190 169 124 TRUE AZIMUTH 2 0 9 2 10 259 14 5

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. T. MICROXLAM 141 TO 143 M VECTOR MEAN 34. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 12 TRUE AZIMUTH 104 87 89 80 86 83 88 87 85 65 90 69

\oA- o BARRETT, P. JOB SCAllC 05/24/68 H1801C PAGE 81

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. V. MICROXLAM 147 TO 148 M VECTOR M EAN152. STANDARD CEV 9 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 165 158 142 155 143 149

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. W. PARTING LIN SNS 149 TO 150 M VECTOR MEAN 156. STANDARD CEV 5. CCNFIDFNCE INTVL 5. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 15R 150 149 158 159 160

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. FAIRCHILD FM. X. MICROXLAM 157 TO 158 M VECTOR MEAN 196. STANDARD CFV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 11 TRUE AZIMUTH 189 191 205 189 187 207 181 195 202 210 196

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. A. MICRCXLAM + 8 TO 10 M VECTOR MEAN 144. STANDARD CEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 137 164 153 155 127 143 128

MOORE MTS. SEC 2. BUCKLEY FM. B. MEDIUM XBED 2M + 15 TO 18 M VECTOR MEAN 104. STANDARD DEV 43 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 40. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 50 167 122 56 133 88 102

MOCRE MTS. SEC 3, MACKELLAR FM. A. MICRGXLAM 27 TO 29 M VECTOR MEAN 184. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 188 185 155 193 190 169 207

VD BARRETT, P. JOB SDAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 82

MOORÉ MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. B. MICROXLAM 56 TO 58 M. VECTOR MEAN 152. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTF 156 154 141 1,3 9 174 147

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. C. MICROXLAM 60 TO 61 M VECTOR MEAN 147. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF141 159 146 151 140

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. 0. PARTING LIN 60 TO 61 M VECTOR MEAN 153. STANDARD CEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 155 142 149 160 161

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. E. MICROXLAM 62 TO 63 M VECTOR MEAN 141. STANDARD CEV 13. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 164 127 147 134 140 132

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. F. MICROXLAM 64 TO 65 M VECTOR MEAN 130. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 16. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 132 120 160 119 123 129

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. G. MICRGXLAM 69 TO 70 M VECTOR MEAN 93. STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 13. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 92 81 99 85 106

K>VO BARRfcTT, P JOB SCAl10 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 83

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. H. MICRCXLAM 73 TO 74 M VECTOR MEAN156, STANDARD DEV 9. CCNFIDFNCE INTVL 9. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 141 157 154 155 163 167

MOGRE MTS. SEC 3. MACKELLAR FM. I. PARTING LIN 76 TO 78 M VECTOR MEAN l£5. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH177181 184 188 194

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. J. PARTING LIN SNS 25 TO 28 M VECTOR MEAN 140. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 134 139 137 146 142

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. K. FARTING LIN SNS 25 TO 28 M VECTOR MEAN 135. STANDARD CEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTH 138 122 137 129 134 139 134 138

MCCRE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. L. PARTING LIN SNS 25 TO 28 M VECTOR MEAN 147. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12, READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 149 150 130 144 141 166

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. M. MICROXLAM 25 TO 28 M VECTOR MEAN 140. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMUTH 136 124 140 140 152 138 159 128

VO O) BARRETT, P. JOB SDAllO 05/24/68 HlBOlO PAGE 84

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. N. PARTING LIN 118 M VECTOR MEAN 136. STANDARD CEV 2. CONFIDENCE INTVL 2. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 135 137 139 137 134

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. 0. MICROXLAM 119 M VECTOR MEAN 169. STANDARD DEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4, READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 173 169 171 165 169

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM. P. MICROXLAM 127 M VECTOR MEAN 172. STANDARD DEV 18. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 168 14 8 180 19 1

MOORE MTS. SEC 3. FAIRCHILD FM . Q. MEDIUM XRFD MP 127 TO 132 M VECTOR MEAN 171. STANDARD DEV 21. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMUTH 148 201 207 169 165 181 175 154 142 174

MOGRE MTS. SEC 3 . BUCKLEY FM. A. MFDIUM XBED + 41 TO 46 M VECTOR MEAN 114. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 21. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 106 123 94 109 138

'MOORE MTS'. SEC 3. BUCKLEY FM. B. MEDIUM XBED + 89 TO 92 M VECTOR MEAN 111. STANDARD CFV 28. CONFIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMLTH 133 80 96 119 76 151 124

U3 is- BARRETT, P, JCB SCAl10 05/24/68 HlBOlO PAGE 85

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. MACKELLAR FM. A. SLLMP FCLDS NO SNS 21 M VECTOR MEAN.....182. STANDARD CEV 16. CONFIDENCE INTVL 26. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 188 163 177 201

'MOORE MTS. " SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. A. PARTING LIN + 3 M J VECTOR MEAN 175. STANDARD CEV 2 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 3. READINGS 5 ...... TRUE' AZIMUTH 179 175 180 181 181

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. R. MICROXLAM + 4 M. VECTOR MEAN 170. STANDARD CFV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTF 178 175 152 166 177

MOGRE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. C. PARTING LIN + 16 M VECTOR MEAN 206. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 198 202 212 210 205 210

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. D. PARTING LIN + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 196. STANDARD CEV 5. CONFIDENCE INTVL 6. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 2CC 190 195 193 202

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. E. MICRCXLAM + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 188. STANDARD CEV 16, CONFIDENCE INTVL 20, READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 198 159 195 196 190

. VO in BARRETT, P. JCB SCAl10 05/24/68 HlBOlO PAGE 86

MOURE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. F. MICRCXLAM + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 137. STANDARD CFV 7 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIPUTF 140 145 142 132 127

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. G. MICRCXLAM ,+ 17 M, VECTOR MEAN 137. STANDARD DEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 134 122 139 144 145

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. H. MICROXLAM + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 137. STANDARD CEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 15. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMLTH 123 151 147 130 134

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. I. MICROXLAM + 17 M VECTOR MFAN 67. STANDARD CEV 9 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 56 75 82 86 92

MOORF MTS. SEC 4 . FAIRCHILD FM. J . PARTING LIN + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 151. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 150 146 160 147 153

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. K. MICRCXLAM + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 133. STANDARD DEV 23. CONFIDENCE INTVL 29. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 137 113 108 165 142

KO a\ BARRETT, P. JOB SCAl10 05/24/68 HlBOlO PAGE 87

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. L. RIPPLES + 17 M VECTOR MEAN 1 5 0 . STANDARD DEV 8. CONFIDENCE INTVL 10. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 161 140 149 144 155

MOORE MIS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. M. MICRGXLAM + 25 M VECTOR MEAN 129. STANDARD CEV 9. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 8 TRUE AZIMLTH 123 129 145 116 129 130 130 126

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. N. PARTING LIN + 25 TO 26 M VECTOR MEAN 144. STANDARD DEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 9 TRUE AZIMLTH 141 145 127 154 135 140 142 164 145

MGORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. 0. PARTING LIN SNS + 28 TO 29 M VECTOR MEAN 135. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS TRUE AZIMLTH 135 143 126 12 7 145 135 136

MCCRE MIS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. P. MEDIUM XBED + 40 TO 42 M VECTOR MEAN 110. STANDARD CEV 15. CONFIDENCE INTVL 14. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 101 108 127 1C6 124 85 121

MOGRE MTS. SEC 4, FAIRCHILD FM. Q. MICROXLAM + 41 TO 42 M VECTOR MEAN 81. STANDARD CEV 19. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 71 £9 104 64 59 77 105

*>• VO -\1 BARRETT, P. JOB SCAl10 05/24/68 HlBOlO PAGE 88

MOGRE MTS. SEC 4. EAIRCHILO FM. R. MICRCXLAM + 46 TO 47 M VECTOR MEAN' 179. STANDARO CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 176 183 163 173 187 193 179

MCCRE MIS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. S. MICRGXLAM + 47 TO 48 M VECTOR MEAN 197. STANDARD CEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 192 191 199 203 207 193

MOORE MIS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. T. PARTING LIN + 5 4 M VECTOR MEAN 193. STANDARD CEV 3. CONFIDENCE INTVL 4. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 189 195 194 190 195

M'CORE MTS. SEC 4 . FAIRCHILD FM. U. PARTING LIN + 64 TO 66 M VECTOR MEAN 157. STANDARD CEV 11 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 149 150 149 167 174 153

MGORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. V. PARTING LIN + 71 TO 72 M VECTOR MEAN 147. STANDARD CEV 4 . CONFIDENCE INTVL 3. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 151 149 147 141 148 143 149

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. 'rt. MICRCXLAM + 89 TO 90 M VECTOR MEAN 166. STANDARD DEV 12. CONFIDENCE INTVL 11. READINGS 7 TRUE AZIMUTH 152 166 153 162 184 165 178

CD BARRETT, P. JOB SCAIIO 05/24/68 HÎ.8C10 PAGE 89

MCGRE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. X. PARTING LIN + 98 M VECTOR MEAN 183. STANDARD DEV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 6 TRUE AZIMUTH 188 171 179 186 186 187

MOCRE MIS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. Y. RIPPLES SNS +129 TO 130 M VECTOR MEAN 192. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 6 ; TRUE AZIMUTH 186 191 196 185 103 213

MOGRE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. Z. PARTING LIN +147 M VECTOR MEAN 84. STANDARD DEV 14. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS 12 TRUE AZIMUTH 96 77 88 88 70 87 115 68 89 66 88 77

MOORE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. 1. MICRCXLAM +149 TO 150 M VECTOR MEAN 279. STANDARD CEV 11. CONFIDENCE INTVL 17. READINGS 4 TRUE AZIMUTH 267 276 293 280

■ MOCRE MTS. SEC 4. FAIRCHILD FM. 2. LOGS, STEMS +149 TO 150 M VECTOR MEAN 138. STANDARD CEV 17. CONFIDENCE INTVL 12. READINGS 10 TRUE AZIMLTH 155 163 128 108 130 150 154 141 121 134

'MOURE MTS...... SEC 4. BUCKLEY FM. A. MICROXLAM + 1 TO 2 M VECTOR MEAN 80, STANDARD CEV 10. CONFIDENCE INTVL 9. READINGS TRUE AZIMUTH 96 79 91 77 fO 72 78

VD VO 84RRETT, P. JOB SCAllO 05/24/68 H18010 PAGE 90

...... MOGRE MTS. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FM. B. PARTING LIN + 1 TO 2 M ...... VECTOR MEAN 88. STANDARD CFV 7. CONFIDENCE INTVL 8. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 96 93 68 84 79

...... MOORE MTS. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FM. C. MEDIUM XBED + 13 TO 16 M VECTOR MEAN 124. STANDARD CEV 28. CONFIDENCE INTVL 20. READINGS 10 JZT^IJrZTRÜ E A ZI MUTE 148 9 5 140 119 125 84 ^0 152 149 144

MOGRE MTS. SEC 4. BUCKLEY FM. !). MICROXLAM + 27 TO 28 M VECTOR MEAN 167. STANDARD CEV 6. CONFIDENCE INTVL 7. READINGS 5 TRUE AZIMUTH 161 165 163 176 168

CJlo o APPENDIX IV

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ON PALEOCURRENT DATA - COMPUTER PROGRAM

501 SEXFCUTE OSUSYS ...... 1 tOSUSYS PUN(30,0) ? ÎâCATRAN . SLIST,SnnFCK 3 DIMENSION (AZ(7500,K),N(50),LABEL(50), SUM1(50), SUM?(50), A RE5(50), VMEAN(50), SUM3(50), ST0EV(50), SUM4(50)»SUM5(50), 5 HEAD(?3))m 6 EL0ATING(MSR,MSE)P' 7 START l<= 1500 m BEGIN READ INPUT,FMT1,(M,(HEAD(J),J=0,1,J.L.23))@ F FMTl ( I3,23L3)m 1 o PROVIDED(M.E.O) , CALL SUBROUT I NE () =ENDJO(3 •() <» 1 1 WRITEOUTPUT ,I-MTA , ( (HEAD(J) ,J = 0, 1 , J.L.23) ) (a 1 2 F E.MTA ( 1 HI ,?3L3)o 1 3 DO THROUGH { READ ) ,L = 0, 1 ,L«L.M(a 1 A READ INPUT,F(1T2, (N(L) ,LABEL(L) )0 1 5 F FMT? ( 1.3, L6 ) o 1 6 READ READ INPUT ,FMT3 , ( { AZ (L, I ) , I =0, 1 , I .L.N(L) ) )(a 1 7 F FMT3 (nX,F3,0)o 1 F N N = O o 19 SUMl ( /tP ) - o .F ?o SUM2(4P)=0.O 21 SUM4 =0.0 22 SSB = 0.0 23 SSE =0.0 PA DO THROUGH(CLEAR) ,L = 0, 1 ,L.L«M(a 25 SUMl (L) =0.0 26 SUM? (L) =0.0 27 SUM3 (L) =0.0 22 CLEAR SUM5 (L) =0.o 29 WRITE OUTPUT,FMT 9 ,((LABEL(L),L=0,1,L»L.M))O 30 F FMT9 (IHO,lPL6)o 31 WRITE OUTPUT,FMTIO,( (N(L) , L = 0 , 1 ,L.L.M))@ 32 F FMT1C (IHO,1916)0 33 CJl DO through (CALC 1 ) ,L = 0 , 1 ,L.L.M(B 34 a to DO THROUGH (TAP), I=0 * 1 » I •L•N(L)P 35 ...... SUM1.GE.0 .).VMEAN(L)=RES

. . L = 4OP 58 TRANSFER TO (CALC2)P 53 CONT - ■ CONT I NUE p . ... - - 54 ...... DO THROUGH (CALC3), L=0,l«L.L.Mp 55 DO through (ZIP), 1 =0, 1 , I «L.NCDP 56 DIFF.= VMEAN(L)~AZ(L,1)P 57 PROVIDED (DIFF.GE.180.), DIFF = 360. - DIFFO 58 - PROVIDED (DIFF.LE.-180.),DIFF = 360. + DtFFP 59 - ZIP SUM3 69 STDEV (49) =SQRT. ( < SSB+SSE ) / ( N N -1 ) )(» 70 MSB = SS8/(M-l)m 71 MSF = SSF/(NN-M)

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Allen, J. R. L., 1962, Asymmetrical ripple marks and the origin of cro ss-stratificatio n : Nature, 194 (4824), 167-169.

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Barrett, P. J., Faure, G., and Lindsay, J. F 1968, Environment of deposition and provenance of some Beacon rocks, Beardmore Glacier area, Antarctica: In Geochronology of the Transantarctic Mountains, Lab. for Isotope Geol. and Geochem. Rept. No. 3, 1-17.

Doumani, G. A., and IKlinshem, M, H., 1955, General geology of the Mount Weaver area. Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica: Ijn. Geology and Paleontology of the Antarctic, ed. J. B. Hadley, Amer. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 5, 127-139. Doumani, G. A., and Tasch, Paul, 1965, A Leaiid concho- strachan zone (Permian) in the Ohio Range, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica: Tn Geology and Paleontology of the Antarctic, e^. J, B. Hadley, Amer. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 6 , 229-240.

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Folk, R. L., 1954, The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature: J. Geol., 62, 344-359. Friedman, G. M., 1962, Comparison of moment measures for sieving and thin section data: J. Bed. Petrol., 32 (1), 15-25. Grindley, G. W., 1963, The geology of the Queen Alexandra Range, Beardmore Glacier, Ross Dependency, Antarctica; with notes on the correlation of Gondwana sequences: N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 6 (3), 307-347. Grindley, G. W., McGregor, V. Rand Walcott, R. I., 1965, Outline of the geology of the Nimrod-Beardmore-Axel Heiberg Glaciers Region, Ross Dependency :~ Iji Antarctic Geology, ejd. R. J. Adie, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 206-219. Gunn, B. M., and Walcott, R. I., 1962, The geology of the Mount Markham region, Ross Dependency, Antarctica: N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 5 (3), 407-426. 507

Gunn, B. ül., and Warren, G., 1962, Geology of Victoria Land between the Hlawson and lïlulock Glaciers, Ross Dependency, Antarctica: N. Z. Geol. Surv. Bull. n.s. 71, 157 p.

Hamblin, W. K., 1961, Micro-cross-lamination in Upper Keweenawan sediments of northern Michigan; J. Sed. Petrol., 31 (3), 390-401. Hamilton, W., and Hayes, P. T., 1963, Type section of the Beacon Sandstone of Antarctica: U« S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 456-A, 18 p. Harms, J. C., and Fahnestock, R. K., 1965, Stratification, bed forms and flow phenomena (with an example from the Rio Grande): Primary Sedimentary Structures and their Hydrodynamic Interpretation, £d. G. V. Middleton, S.E.P.M. Spec. Publ. 12, 84-115. Harrington, H. J ., 1958, Nomenclature of rock units in the Ross Sea region: Nature (Lond.), 182 (4631), p. 190. 1965, Geology and morphology of Antarc­ tica: In_ Biogeography and Ecology in Antarctica, Monogr. Biol., 15, 1-71. Haskell, T. R., Kennett, J. P., and Prebble, III. M., 1955, Geology of the Brown Hills and Darwin Mountains, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., Geol., 2 (15), 231-248. Klein, G. deV., 1967, Paleocurrent analysis in relation to modern marine sediment dispersal patterns: Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 51 (3), 366-382.

Laird, M. G., lïlansergh, G. D., and Chappell, J. M. A., (in_ _ preparation), Geology of the central Nimrod Glacier area, Antarctica: Rept. for N. Z. Geol. Surv. Land, L. S., and Hoyt, J. H., 1966, Sedimentation in a meandering estuary: Sedimentology, 6 (3), 191-207.

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Lindsay, J. F», (in press), The development of clast fabric in mudflows: J . Sed. Petrol. Long, W, E., 1959, Preliminary report on the geology of the central range of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica: USNC-IGY Antarctic Glaciological Data, Field Work 1958 and 1959, Rept. 825-2-Part VII, 23 p. —— , 1965, Stratigraphy of the Ohio Range, Antarc­ tica:---20. Geology and Paleontology of the Antarcic, ed. J. B. Hadley, Amer. Geophys. Union, Antarctic Res. Ser., 6 , 71-116.

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Matz, D. B., and Hayes, 1Ï1. 0., 1966, Sedimentary petrology of Beacon sediments; Antarctic J. U. S., 1 (4), 134-135. McDougall, I., 1963, Potassium-Argon age measurements on dolerites from Antarctica and South Africa: J. Geophys. Res., 68 (5), 1535-1545.

McGregor, V. R., 1965, Notes on the geology of the area between the heads of the Beardmore and Shackleton Glaciers, Antarctica: N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 8 (2), 278-291.

McKee, E. D., 1965, Experiments on ripple lamination: Iji Primary Sedimentary Structures and their Hydrodynamic Interpretation, £d. G. V. Middleton, S.E.P.M. Spec. Publ. 12, 66-83. Minshew, V. H., 1966, Stratigraphy of the Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica: Science, 152 (3722;, 637-638. 1967, Geology of the Scott Glacier and Wisconsin Range areas, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica: Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State Univer­ sity, Columbus, Ohio. ------—— (in press), A depositional model for the Permian Beacon rocks of the Transantarctic Mountains: Program abstracts, Geol. Soc. America Ann, Meeting, ...... Mexico City, 1968. Mirsky, A., 1965, Reconsideration of the "Beacon" as a stratigraphie name in Antarctica: In Antarctic Geology, ed. R, J, Adie, North-Holland Publ."Co., Amsterdam, 3ÏÏ4-378. 509

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Rigby, J. F,, and Schopf, J . IÏ1 ,, 1967, Stratigraphie impli­ cations of Antarctic paleobotanical studies: %n Resumenes de trabajos presentados a las sesiones: Buenos Aires, Asoc, Geol, Argentina, abstract, p, 15 (international symposium on stratigraphy and paleon­ tology of the Gondwana, 1st, Mar del Plata, 1-4 Oct, 1967),

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Van der Plas, L., and Tobi, A. C., 1965, A graph for judging the reliability of point counting results: Amer. J. Sci., 263, 87-90. Wade, F. A., Yeats, V. L., Everett, J. R., Greenlee, D. HI., LaPrade, K. E., and Schenk, J. C., 1965, The geology of the central Queen Maud Range, Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica: Texas Tech. Coll. Antarctic Rept. Ser. No. 65-1, 54 p. Webb, P. N., 1963, Geological investigations in south Victoria Land, Antarctica. Part 4 - Beacon Group of the Wright Valley and region: N, Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 6 (3), 361-387. Webb, P. N,, and McKelvey, 8 . C., 1959, Geological investi­ gations in south Victoria Land, Antarctica. Part 1 - Geology of Victoria Dry Valley: N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 2 (1), 120-136. Young, D. J., and Ryburn, R. J., 1966, The geology of Buckley and Darwin Islands, Beardmore Glacier, Ross Dependency, Antarctica: Rept. filed with N. Z. Geol. Surv., 16 p. Q.

Figure 3. Stratigraphie sections of post rjlacial Beacon s tra ta in the Beardnore Glacier area. POST-GLACIAL BEACON STRATA OF THE BEARDMORE GLACIER AREA

LEGEND

F3 SECTION NUMBER

TILLITE OR PEBBLY MuOSTONE

QUARTZ PEBBLES

NON-QUARTZ PEBBLES

QUARTZ SANDSTONE OR GRIT

MEDIUM TO COARSE SANDSTONE

VERY FINE TO FINE SANDSTONE

LIGHT GRAY TO UGHT GREENISH-GRAY MUDSTONE OR SHALE

MEDIUM TO DARK GRAY MUDSTONE OR s h a l e

COAL

LOGS OR STEMS

0 - DICRQIDIUM

G — GLOSSOPTERIS

N - NEOCALAMITES (?) : ROOT HORIZONS V '* V TUFFACEOUS SEDIMENT OR TUFF '» ' PARAC0N6L0MERATE ^❖’.n f % AGGLOMERATE BASALT

5 0 0 , DOLERITE (THICKNESS IN METERS) EROSION SURFACE

SHARP CONTACT

SHEAR ZONE SCREE/SNOW

- 2 SAMPLE NUMBER ELIZABETH

CLARKSON

M I -i) MACKELLAR^ A « CLAYDON WAHL G PEAK PAINTED CLIFFS

MOORE MI. MOUNTAINS WE #>CRANFIELD FREMO PEAK MX SIRIUSVL^ p e a k C-, «7 ^

MX. ROPAR KENYON PEAKS

MILLER RANGE

0 10 20 3 0 4 0 50 KILOMETERS 1 I I J J I SCALE

FINE \ SANDSTONE AND SHALE \

i C E SHELF

WAHL Gl ITE PEAK

MT KINSE' / PREI FREMOUW MT SIRIU; • o p e a k

PLUNKET POINT. KENYON V PEAKS + ' ^ SAFETY SPUR

MT BUCKLEY MT WILD

TERS A M T DARWIN

A T E A U

\ -lOO, P I I5 0 ) ^ f i n e H SANDSTONE AND SHALE KIRKPÂTF T KO

PREBBt

/

ÎMQNTORY % N

MT PR A TT#

% \

wi 'V450

■ut^ijo . ■ ÿy.jip■ 4 —31-^^

% N MT KIRKPATRICK J_28

;-L'J — 27 R - EAU -, FREMOUW IX FM. J — 23

=ZZZ3-'* MT SIRIUS ITYRE pQ^QtfTORY

ITE PEAK

MT KINSE'

PLUNKET POINT. — 30 'V 29

^ SAFETY SPUR

MT. BUCKLEY 28

A M T DARWIN 6 +)

•26

125/ SO

MT SIRIUS KIRKPATRICK BASALT

PREBBLE FM.

- 49A

27 - 2 5

FALLA =T=r — 20 FM

w - s â r ?

'V450

GOLDEN CAP PREBBLE GL. MT KIRKPATRICK

s

FREMOUW FM.

MT FALLA

a -

SIRIUS FREMOUW F FALLA FM

62— 150

-45A KENYON PEAKS

GRAPHITE PEAK AREA g,

FREMOUW FM

FREMOUW PtAK 00 KIRKPATRICK 62 BASALT PREBBLE ♦ • * FM.

SCREE 120 M OTWAY MT PRATT MASSIF

R>

R«

60 R l 56VT

ÎAPHITE PEAK AREA ■54

-30 •29

HO

•25 24

25

24 FREMOUW FM 22 2 0

14 METERS 300

1-200

-100

DO

0

A3 BUCKLEY FM.

AO Dl

A4 'i 30j A2 A i.' a TT&L: - €

C Î 4 •

Oft 108

9

- 3

▲ A A

SOLITARY PEAK AREA s a n d s t o n e ! AND SHALE

- 1 3

C2

6/ T BUCKLEY FM

DO

03

1.-

150 CO

8,9

LO PAINTE CLIFFS

FAIRCHILD FAIRCHILD FM

MACKFLL MACKELLAR FM MT WEEKS PAGODA PAGODA FM PEAK LOWERY GLACIER SANDSTONE AND SHALE

TOREVA BLOCK FREMOUW FM- BUCKLEY FM.

BUCKLEY

MT ROPAR TOREVA BLOCK c

FREMOUW FM BUCKLEY FM. "10 —9*

- 6 ■^12“

lOOV PAINTED CLIFFS

FAIRCHILD FM.

MACKELLAR FM. ^ ^ T ^AII I C D 1* 11. 1*11 BUNKER CWM PAGODA FM. MT MACKELLAR ■EH

R»

GB MT FALLA

M2 TOREVA. wo BLOCK I FREMOUW BUCKLEY FM FM

I5)h- . ■ I ."' CL, J —I WAHL GL BUCKLEY FM 46)

? SHEAR ZONE TOREVA BLOCK 2

FREMOUW FM. OUTCROPS OF SHEAR ZONE

4A BUCKLEY FM

FAIRCHILD FM

MO

MACKELLAR FM

MACKELLAR AREA PAGODA -M —^ MT SIRIUS

X 20

SI

M2 TOREVA WO BLOCK FREMOUW BUCKLEY FM ' K- UCKLEY FM

WAHL GL iBUCKLEY FM

? SHEAR ZONE TOREVA BLOCK 2

FREMOUW FM SHEAR ZONE

BUCKLED

FAIRCHIL

MC

MACKELLAR FM MT SIRIUS FRE wo;

6

MT FALLA

wo

BUCKLEY FM

GL

BUCKLEY FM.

FAIRCHILD FM.

:k e l l a r FM.

FM. — -T ^ - / FREMOUW PEAK

G- G - G -

MT KINSEY

BUCKLEY FM. G-~ 1.2 )

82

120

120 BO I5A

BUCKLEY FM

0.6 270,

100* " ^ Me INTYRE GRAPHITE PROMONTORY PEAK