Pellegrino Matteucci
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Essai De Chronologie Tchadienne (1707-1940)
JeanMalval 1 Ancien médecin des Troupes coloniales Essai de chronologie tchadienne (1707-1940) avec une préface et des index de Marie-José Tubiana EDITIONS DU CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE - 15, Quai Anatole-France - 75700 PARIS 1974 « La publication de l'ouvrage du Dr. Jean Malval s'inscrit parmi les travaux entrepris par l'Equipe de Recherche Associée n° 240, qui continuent ceux de la Recherche Coopérative sur Program- me n° 45 » . Publications antérieures : - Aux Editions du C.N.R.S. : Lexique des parlers arabes tchado-soudanais, par Arlette Roth-Laly . Mission au Tibesti - Carnets de route ( 1933-1934) > par Charles Le Cœur. - Dans la collection « Etudes Nigériennes» (Niamey) : Les Marques de Bétail chez les Daza et les Azza du Niger, par Catherine Baroin . - Dossiers de la R.C.P. 45 Dossier 1 . Etudes Arabes (1966-1967), par Arlette Roth et Jean-François Fourcade . Dossier 2 . - Mission au Dar-Fur (1967), par Henri Sarre, Yves Reyre, Pierre Quézel et Pierre Bourreil (épuisé). Dossier 3 • * Index pour Albert Le Rouvreur, Sahariens et Sahéliens du Tchad, préparé par Jacques Vignet-Zunz et Jean-Maurice Le Gai. Dossier 4 .- Field-Work in Darfur (1965-1967), by Marie-Jose and Joseph Tubiana, Pierre Quezel and Pierre Bourreil, Yves Reyre and Henri Sarre . Dossier 5 . - Flore et végétation des plateaux du Darfur Nord-occidental et du jebel Gourgeil, par Pierre Quézel. © Centre National ISBNde la2- Recherche 222- 01625-8 Scientifique, Paris, 1974 PREFACE Le Docteur Jean Malval, médecin des troupes coloniales, a vécu au Tchad de 1926 à 1928, prin- cipalement au Kanem et au Ouaddaï. -
A Study of Ethnographic Collecting and Display
Material Cultures of Imperialism in Eastern Africa, c.1870–1920: A Study of Ethnographic Collecting and Display Alison Bennett UCL PhD History 1 This thesis is submitted for the degree of PhD. I, Alison Bennett, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This dissertation examines the entangled relationship between ethnographic collecting and early British imperial expansion in present-day Uganda and neighbouring parts of Kenya. Between 1870 and 1920, thousands of objects from this region were accessioned by British museums and their colonial counterparts in eastern Africa. However, historians and curators alike know remarkably little about the contexts of their acquisition. Histories of the colonial period in Uganda and Kenya have rarely engaged with these crucial material sources, relying instead upon methodologies that privilege the textual and oral archive. Meanwhile in museum histories and displays, objects from eastern Africa are eclipsed by material culture from western Africa and Egypt. By combining close object analysis with archival and visual material, and by drawing on theoretical approaches to material culture from anthropology, this thesis reassembles the rich and complex histories of this important material archive for the first time. In doing so, it reveals the significant material underpinnings of both imperial and counter-imperial activity in the region. Focusing on a variety of different collectors ranging from colonial officials to missionaries, local leaders and museums, it shows that collecting was a pivotal tool for mediating different encounters, relationships, identities, and power structures within colonial society. -
The Exploration of the Ruwenzori
THE EXPlORATION OF THE RUWENZORl THE EXPLORATION OF THE RUWENZORI BY R. M. BERE OM earliest times, the ancient Mediterranean world was interested in the source of the Nile and there was clearly much conjecture amongst the geographers of those far off days, as frequent classical erences show. As explorers amongst the moderns, therefore, dis- covered one mountain after another in central Africa, each discovery, in its turn, was heralded as the mountainous source of the great river. When the German missionary Rebmann, and his colleague Dr. Krapf, first sighted Kilimanjaro in 1846, they thought that they had found the ~nows · to which the classics referred, as later did the discoverers of both Mount l{enya and the Bufumbiro volcanoes : these were all seen by European explorers before the Ruwenzori. Claudius Ptolemy, writing in about the year A.D. 150, was the first to make widely known to the western world that the source of the Nile lay in great lakes fed by streams from a snow mountain ; this he called the ' Mountains of the Moon.' His maps show the main features of the Nile valley with considerable accuracy and the longitude and latitude which he ascribes to his' Moun tains of the Moon' agree, in a remarkable degree, with the position actually occupied by the Ruwenzori : this of course, in no way, applies to the other mountain masses of central .Africa. This question is still argued by some, albeit th~re is little reason to support those who hold that it was not the Ruwenzori to which Ptolemy referred. -
Jaroslav Valkoun the Sudanese Life of General Charles George Gordon1
Anton Prokesch von Osten… | Miroslav Šedivý 48 | 49 He in no way gained the general esteem of his colleagues by assentation as claimed by Jaroslav Valkoun Hammer-Purgstall but, on the contrary, by raising arguments even in contradiction with the opinion prevailing at the Viennese Chancellery at the time, as happened in 1832. The validity of his opinions considerably improved his position and increased Me- tternich’s respect. Consequently, though more well-disposed towards Mohammed Ali than the Austrian chancellor himself, Prokesch continued to play the role of Metterni- ch’s adviser in the following years, and he did so either by his written comments to Laurin’s reports or through personal meetings with the chancellor in Vienna. With his two memoirs from late 1833 Prokesch also significantly influenced Metternich’s Egyp- tian policy for several years to come. Prokesch’s considerable reputation was so high that it survived Metternich’s fall in March 1848 and later brought him to the diplomatic post in Constantinople where, as mentioned above, he represented the Austrian and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1855 to 1871. References BEER, Adolf (1883): Die orientalische Politik Österreichs seit 1773. Prag, Leipzig: E. Tempsky und G. Freytag. BERTSCH, Daniel (2005): Anton Prokesch von Osten (1795–1876). Ein Diplomat Österreichs in Athen und an der Hohen Pforte. Beiträge zur Wahrnehmung des Orients im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts. München: R. Ol- The Sudanese life of General denbourg Verlag. 1 FICHTNER, Paula Sutter (2008): Terror and Toleration. The Habsburg Empire Confronts Islam, 1526–1850. Charles George Gordon London: Reaktion Books. -
RETURNING MATERIALS: MSU P1ace in Book Drop to Remove This Checkout from LIBRARIES FINES Will ;—
RETURNING MATERIALS: MSU P1ace in book drop to LIBRARIES remove this checkout from _;—. your record. FINES will be charged if book is returned after the date stamped below. HIKIMDAR VS JELLABA: THE IMPACT OF THE TURKIYYA ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SUDAN: IBZI—IBBT' By David Fred Decker A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partia] fquiTTment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of History 1984 Copyright by David Fred Decker 1984 ABSTRACT HIKIMDAR VS JELLABA: THE IMPACT OF THE TURKIYYA ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SUDAN: 1821-1881 By David Fred Decker The object of this thesis is to examine the Turco-Egyptian invasion, occupation, and colonial administration of the Sudan from l82l-188l. The rise and subsequent success of Muhammad Ahmad ibn al-Saiyid Abd Allah al-Mahdi has long fascinated students of Sudanese history. The diverse and contradictory interpretations written to explain the career of the Mahdi have proven to be neither adequate nor convincing. The explanation for the dismal results attained thus far is the inadequate understanding of the events which led to the Mahdi's ascension to power. An understanding of the Turkiyya is an essential first step toward better understanding the Mahdist phenomenon and late nineteenth century Sudanese history. I believe, the success of the Mahdi was bound up with the rapid changes which occurred between l82l-188l. This thesis is a step toward understand- ing the changes which occurred during the Turkiyya and the subsequent rise of the Mahdi. DEDICATION For Peg ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. -
Conference Book.Qxp
conference programme 9TH EASA BIENNIAL CONFERENCE ‘Europe and the World’ 18th - 21st September 2006 Bristol, UK Consider the global dimensions of particular ethnographic encounters, the wider interconnections, the spread of ideas, the dynamic relationships and processes which shape the everyday activity of social life; these lie increasingly at the centre of our methodological and theoretical preoccupations as anthropologists. Mediated by individual, institutional, national developments of enormous complexity, this link between global interchange and local creativity deserves our systematic attention and analysis. Timetable Wednesday 20th September 2006 Monday 18th September 2006 9 – 11am Third plenary session (Younger scholars' forum) Victoria Rooms 10am - 5pm Registration of delegates Wills Memorial Building 11 - 11.30am Coffee Opening ceremony and Keynote Address by 11.30am - 1pm Fourth workshop session 3 - 4.15pm Jean Comaroff: Victoria Rooms Lunch How Europe is evolving toward Africa 1 - 2pm Poster displays & explanation Wills Memorial Building 4.15 - 4.45pm Tea and Coffee Victoria Rooms Royal Anthropological Institute AGM & Special Reception Room, 1 - 2.45pm 4.45 - 5pm Memorial to Eduardo Archetti Victoria Rooms Lecture Wills Memorial Building 5 - 7pm First plenary session Victoria Rooms 3 - 4.30pm Fifth workshop session Drinks Reception - Vice-Chancellor's welcome, 4.30 - 5pm Tea 7.15 - 8.45pm Wills Memorial Building publishers' drinks 5 - 6.30pm Sixth workshop session 7 - 8.30pm Seventh workshop session Reception room, Tuesday -
The British Empire and the Negotiation of Englishness, 1864-1914
Borderlands: The British Empire and the Negotiation of Englishness, 1864-1914 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Laura Bender Herron Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Professor Alan D. Beyerchen, Co-Advisor Professor Robin E. Judd. Co-Advisor Professor Jane Hathaway Copyright by Laura Bender Herron 2014 Abstract In the late nineteenth century, Britain reigned supreme among the European powers, with an imperial reach into almost every corner of the globe. Britons living in the metropole imagined their empire as at once very distant and very close to home. It was, of course, distant physically but also in the sense that the people who lived in places such as Africa and India were viewed by Britons as very different from themselves. However, the idea of empire was also very immediate for Britons because it was intimately linked with how they saw themselves as part of an exceptional national community, defined by particularly English values such as liberty, charity, honor, and duty. In an era rife with social and geopolitical insecurities, when some feared that Britain’s military and economic power might be waning, the Empire was symbolic of national greatness. This was not simply due to its size. Most Britons believed that the extension of English culture throughout the Empire improved upon the lives of the people who inhabited it. The distant reaches of the British Empire, as imagined in Britain, were national frontiers—the limits of the extension of Englishness. -
Gessi: Un Uomo Al Servizio Di Gordon Pascià
Gessi: un uomo al servizio di Gordon Pascià La presenza italiana in Sudan risale al pieno ‘800, diversi personaggi si sono alternati nelle vicende di questo Paese. Tra avventurieri ed esploratori che hanno lasciato una traccia, seppur minima, nella storia sudanese il personaggio di maggior spicco è Romolo Gessi, sul quale sono stati scritti alcuni libri tra cui “Gordon, Gessi e la riconquista del Sudan’’. La vita del Gessi è stata un’intensa avventura sin dalla nascita avvenuta sulla nave che conduceva i suoi genitori esuli da Ravenna a Costantinopoli il 30 aprile 1831 e morì a Suez esattamente cinquant’anni dopo, il 30 aprile 1881. Le sue spoglie furono rimpatriate a Ravenna dove si tennero solenni funerali. Si propone un breve stralcio “storico-avventuroso”, forse scritto con un tono salgariano da realtà romanzesca, sull’operazione militare condotta da Romolo Gessi in Sudan. ‘’’’’’’’’’ II 15 luglio 1878 Romolo Gessi salpa da Khartoum a bordo dello steamer "Bordeen". Gli ordini emanati dal generale Gordon sono perentori: il suo vecchio amico e collaudato luogotenente deve mettersi alla testa di una spedizione forte di circa 10.000 uomini e riconquistare il Bahr el-Ghazal e le province annesse, cadute nelle mani dei focosi ribelli di Suleiman; sopprimere la tratta e la schiavitù; sbarazzare il paese dai trafficanti; introdurre un'amministrazione regolare. La campagna si annuncia sanguinosa e terribile, ma le circostanze appaiono propizie, le probabilità di successo sembrano elevate. Ad accompagnarlo, in qualità di medico, c'è Paolo Virginio Zucchinetti, un litigioso ex maggiore dell'esercito italiano, deputato mancato; veterinario e dottore delle missioni cattoliche dell'Africa centrale, intenzionato a esplorare le regioni dell'Alto Nilo. -
Slavery, Slave Trade and Abolition Attempts in Egypt
Lund Studies in International History Reda Mowafi Slavery, Slave Trade and Abolition Attempts in Egypt and the Sudan 1820-1882 Lunds Studies in International History Editors: Goran Rystad and Sven Tagil Lund Studies in international History 14 Reda Mowafi Slavery, Slave Trade and Abolition Attempts in Egypt and the Sudan 1820-1882 &ESSELTESTUDIUM ©'Reda Mowafi ISBN 91-24-31349-1 Printed in Sweden MRL-Offset, Maimo 1981 CONTENTS PREFACE 5 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER I 11 Concubines, Domestic Servants and Eunuchs 11 Military Slaves 18 Agricultural Slaves 23 CHAPTER II 29 THE SLAVE TRADE 29 Supply Areas and Trade Routes 29 The Extent of the Trade 32 Prices 35 CHAPTER III 45 ABOLITION TALK AND INCREASING SLAVE TRADE 45 Ivory and Slaves on Bahr al- Jabal and Bahr al-Ghazal, 1835 - 63. 45 Official Measures against the Slave Trade and Slavery 54 CHAPTER IV 60 COMBATTING THE SLAVE TRADE UNDER KHEDIVE ISMA'lL 1863-1879 60 Reports and Protests against the Slave Trade 60 The Expeditions of Muhammad al-BulalawT and Sir Samuel Baker 64 Charles G. Gordon and the Suppression of the Slave Trade in the Equatorial Province 1874 -1876. 72 The Suppression of the Slave Trade in Dar Fur 75 The Suppression of the Slave Trade along the Coasts of the Horn of Africa 76 The Convention between the British and Egyptian Governments for the Suppression of the Slave Trade 80 Gordon and the Slave Trade Convention 84 CHAPTER V 98 CONCLUSION 96 NOTE ON SOURCES AND LITERATURE 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY 103 DOCUMENTS 112 MAPS 137 3 PREFACE The purpose of this thesis is to examine the slave trade and slavery in Egypt and the Sudan under the Egyptian administration (1820 -1882). -
Translator's Note
Notes Translator’s Note 1. The battle was between Mahmoud wad Ahmed, a Mahdiyya Amir, and the Ja`aliyyn, who were and still are the inhabitants of Matamma, in July 1987. The Mahdist Amir wanted the inhabitants to vacate the town for his troops, which they refused. They ended up murdered and enslaved by the Mahdists. See Mohammed Said Al-Gaddal, Tarikh al-Sudan al-Hadith 1820–19555 (Cairo: al-Amal for printing and Publishing. 1992), 208. 2. See chapter 5 in this book. 3. See the Encyclopedia Brittanica Online, http:// www.britannica.com /EBchecked/topic/25025/Anglo-Egyptian-Condominium, where it is stated that “the governors and inspectors were customarily British offi- cers, though technically serving in the Egyptian Army, and key figures in the government and civil service always remained graduates of British universities and military schools.” However, de jure (legally), the Sudan was never a British colony. 4. Robert S. Kramer in Junius P. Rodriguez, The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery, vol. 1 (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1997), 381. 5. Ibid. 6. E. A. Wallis Budge, The Egyptian Sudan, Its History and Monuments, 2 vols. (New York: AMS Press, 1976), 225. 7. See Mohammed Said Al-Gaddal, Tarikh al-Sudan al-Hadith 1820–1955 (Cairo: al-Amal for printing and Publishing, 2002), 209. 8. Flora Shaw; Khalifa ‘Abbas al-’Ubayyid, trans., al-Zubayr Pashaa (Cairo: Sudanese Studies Center, 1995). A translation of Flora Shaw’s inter- views with al-Zubayr Pasha in Gibraltar published originally in “The Contemporary Review.” 9. Izzeldin Ismail, Al-Zubair Pasha Wa Dawrihi Fi Al-Sudan Fi Asr Al-Hukm Al-Misri, Tarikh Al-Misriyyin, edited by Mahmoud al-Gazzar (Cairo: al-Hay’aa al-Misriyya al-Amma Lilkitab, 1998), 310–312. -
Charles George Gordon: the Evolution of a British Hero
KOZAK, BRUCE G. Charles George Gordon: The Evolution of a British Hero. (1973) Directed by: Dr. Ann P. Saab. Pp. 163 During the Second British Empire, Britons actively sup- ported the idealized conception that one lone British officer or civil administrator could accomplish strenuous and often dangerous tasks, through sheer determination and a charis- matic personality. Charles George Gordon, during his ill- fated expedition to Khartoum, was portrayed by the majority of Britons as the epitome of this highly romantic image. The purpose of this research is to examine critically the growth and development of the so-called Gordon legend. In doing so, one must attempt to discover the individuals responsible for its creation, while simultaneously examining the social, po- litical and economic environments of Great Britain and certain Oriental countries, which had a direct bearing on the legend itself. Contrary to popular and some scholastic opinion, Gordon was scarcely recognized by the British public during and after his exploits in China (1863-1864) and his early ad- ventures in the Sudan (1874-1879) . He only obtained enduring fame from an empire-minded public when he was sent to evacuate Egyptian troops during his second Sudanese mission in 1884. It was necessary to examine letters, newspapers (both Liberal and Conservative) and diaries written during Gordon's life time, in order to trace the changing attitudes toward a British Empire and the officers and civil administrators who strengthened British prestige overseas. It was also essential to examine these materials to ascertain the reasons for the fluctuation in Gordon's popularity between the 1860's and 1880's. -
Local History of Ethiopia : Deba
Local History of Ethiopia Deba - Debre Sina wereda © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) HDG63 Deba 09°39'/35°06' 1541 m 09/35 [Gz] HDG29 Deba Robi 09°16'/35°41' 1834 m 09/35 [Gz] HFE17 Deba Selama Amanuel (church) 13°40'/39°07' 13/39 [Gz] HDL78 Debacora, see Deka Bora H.... Debai Tilat Gin wereda 10/38 [Ad] (centre in 1964 = Kuye Maryam) HET86 Debai 13°29'/39°04' 1421 m, cf Debay 13/39 [Gz] HFF44 Debaina (Demberona) 13°57'/39°46' 2938 m 13/39 [Gz] HEC94 Debak Awra (Devach Aura) 11/36 [+ It] HDK69 Debakora (Debacora), see Deka Bora JDJ21 Debal 09°19'/41°45' 2638 m 09/41 [Gz] JEJ56 Debalti (Gabalti) (mountain) 12°15'/42°12' 863 m 12/42 [Gz WO] HEC88 Debanji, see Devangi ?? Debanu (pilgrim place) ../.. [x] Oromo pilgrims of the Arsi used to go to Debanu. [Mohammed 1994] HDM.? Debar (with church Gebri'el), in Bulga/Kasim wereda 09/339? [x] HEU22 Debar 12°52'/39°33' 3219 m 12/39 [Gz] HES34 Debark (Debarq, Dabarq) 13°00'/37°55' 13/37 [MS n] HES55 Debark (Debarech, Devark, Davark) (area) 13/37 [+ WO 18] HES64 Debark (Debarek, Debarec, Dabarek, Debarak) 13/37 [Gz Ro Gu x] (Debark', Dabark, Dibark, Dobarik, Dobaruk) 13/37 [MS Te 18] (Debbivar, Debebahir, Divarik), cf Dib Bahir 13/37 [n Gu] ("Debarec nuova", Däbärek) 13°08'/37°54' or 13°14'/37°56' 2235 m or 3020 m or 13°09'/37°53' 2848 m, mountain 13°11'/37°57' 2908 m (centre at least 1950s-1980 of Simen awraja, also 1964 of Debark wereda & Asera Belai sub-district), distance 841 km from Addis Abeba The climate is severe and windy, and hoar-frost and hail are not infrequent in the rainy season.