Charles George Gordon: the Evolution of a British Hero
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The Western Media and the Portrayal of the Rwandan Genocide
History in the Making Volume 3 Article 5 2010 The Western Media and the Portrayal of the Rwandan Genocide Cherice Joyann Estes CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the African History Commons, and the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Estes, Cherice Joyann (2010) "The Western Media and the Portrayal of the Rwandan Genocide," History in the Making: Vol. 3 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol3/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arthur E. Nelson University Archives at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cherice Joyann Estes The Western Media and the Portrayal of the Rwandan Genocide BY CHERICE JOYANN ESTES ABSTRACT: On December 9, 1948, the United Nations established its Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Genocides, however, have continued to occur, affecting millions of people around the globe. The 1994 genocide in Rwanda resulted in an estimated 800,000 deaths. Global leaders were well aware of the atrocities, but failed to intervene. At the same time, the Western media's reports on Rwanda tended to understate the magnitude of the crisis. This paper explores the Western media's failure to accurately interpret and describe the Rwandan Genocide. Recognizing the outside media’s role in mischaracterizations of the Rwanda situation is particularly useful when attempting to understand why western governments were ineffective in their response to the atrocity. -
In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations). -
British Major-General Charles George Gordon and His Legacies, 1885-1960 Stephanie Laffer
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2010 Gordon's Ghosts: British Major-General Charles George Gordon and His Legacies, 1885-1960 Stephanie Laffer Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES GORDON‘S GHOSTS: BRITISH MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES GEORGE GORDON AND HIS LEGACIES, 1885-1960 By STEPHANIE LAFFER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2010 Copyright © 2010 Stephanie Laffer All Rights Reserve The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Stephanie Laffer defended on February 5, 2010. __________________________________ Charles Upchurch Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ Barry Faulk University Representative __________________________________ Max Paul Friedman Committee Member __________________________________ Peter Garretson Committee Member __________________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii For my parents, who always encouraged me… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation has been a multi-year project, with research in multiple states and countries. It would not have been possible without the generous assistance of the libraries and archives I visited, in both the United States and the United Kingdom. However, without the support of the history department and Florida State University, I would not have been able to complete the project. My advisor, Charles Upchurch encouraged me to broaden my understanding of the British Empire, which led to my decision to study Charles Gordon. Dr. Upchurch‘s constant urging for me to push my writing and theoretical understanding of imperialism further, led to a much stronger dissertation than I could have ever produced on my own. -
Biographies and Autobiographies of Historians, Edited by Doug Munro and John G
7 Intersecting and Contrasting Lives: G.M. Trevelyan and Lytton Strachey Alastair MacLachlan This essay is about history and biography in two senses. First, it examines two parallel and intersecting, but contrasting lives: that of George Macaulay Trevelyan (b. 1876), probably the most popular historian and political biographer of early twentieth-century England – a Fellow and in old age the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, an independent scholar for 25 years and, for 12 years, Regius Professor of Modern History – and that of his slightly younger Trinity protégé, Giles Lytton Strachey (b. 1880), a would-be academic rejected by the academy, who set himself up as a critical essayist and a historical gadfly – the writer credited with the transformation of a moribund genre of pious memorialisation into a ‘new’ style of biography. Second, the essay explores their approaches to writing nineteenth-century history and biography, and it assesses their works as products of similar but changing times and places: Cambridge and London from about 1900 to the 1930s.1 1 I shall therefore ignore Trevelyan’s later writings (he died in 1962), and concentrate on the biographies written by Strachey (S) and Trevelyan (T), with a focus on their nineteenth-century studies. 137 CLIO'S LIVES ‘Read no history’, advised Disraeli, ‘nothing but biography, for that is life without theory’. But ‘life without theory’ can be intellectually emaciated, and a comparative biography may have the advantage of kneading into the subject theoretical muscle sometimes absent in single lives, highlighting the points where the two lives intersected and what was common and what distinctive about them. -
Bibliography of the Gordons. Section I
. /?• 26'tf National Library of Scotland *B000410047* j -> :s -f r*. n •:-, "'.-? g n u w ta» i « Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/bibliographyofgo1924bull Witjj Mt>. J. Malcolm BalloeB'? Compliments. 4r b^&tf'&^f. tie- f *Zn%i:r m£lvi*9&&A»d6&0! Aberdeen University Studies : No. 94 Bibliography of the Gordons —— University of Aberdeen. UNIVERSITY STUDIES. General Editor : P. J. Anderson, LL.B., Librarian to the University. 1900-1913. Nos. 1-63. 1914. No. 64. Zoological Studies. Professor Thomson and others. Ser. VIII. No. 65.—Highland Host of 1678. J. R. Elder, D.Litt. „ No. 66. Concise Bibliography of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine. J. F. Kellas Johnstone. „ No. 67. Bishop Burnet as Educationist. John Clarke, M.A. 1915. No. 68. Territorial Soldiering in N.E. Scotland. J. M. Bulloch, M.A. ,, No. 69. Proceedings of the A natomical and Anthropological Society, 1908-14. ,, No. 70. Zoological Studies. Professor Thomson and others. Ser. IX. 1, No. 71. Aberdeen University Library Bulletin. Vol. II. 1916. No. 72. Physiological Studies. Professor Mac William, F.R.S., and others. Ser. I. 1917. No. 73. Concise Bibliography of Inverness-shire. P. J. Anderson. i, No. 74. The Idea of God. Professor Pringle-Pattison. (Gifford Lectures, 1912-13.) „ No. 75. Interamna Borealis. W. Keith Leask, M.A. ,, No. 76. Roll of Medical Service of British Army. Col. W. Johnston, C.B., LL.D. 1918. No. 77. Aberdeen University Library Bulletin. Vol. HI. „ No. 78. Moral Values and the Idea of God. -
Under Crescent and Star
THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ^^H m ' '- PI; H ; I UNDER CRESCENT AND STAR BY LIEUT. -COL. ANDKEW HAGGAKD, D.S.O. ' AUTHOR OF 'DODO AND I," TEMPEST -TORN,' ETC. WITH PORTRAIT WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCXCV DT 107.3 TO ALL MY OLD COMRADES WHO FOUGHT OR DIED IN EGYPT. ANDREW HAGGARD. NAVAL AND MILITARY CLUB, November 1895. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE " Learning Arabic The 1st Reserve Depot Devils in hell "- " " " Too late for the battle We don't want to work The dear old false prophet" The mosquitos' revenge on the musketeers . 1 CHAPTER II. Cairo The domestic ass Security in the city The Khedive on Tommy Atkins Bedaween on the road Parapets and pyramids Alexandria . .14 CHAPTER III. Old Egyptian army worthless How disposed of under Hicks Pasha and Valentine Baker Baker's disappointment Sir Evelyn Wood to command Constitution of the new Egyp- tian army Officers' contracts Coetlogou The Duke of Sutherland Medals and promotions Sugar-candy . 23 CHAPTER IV. Formation of the new army How officered Difficulties of lan- guage and drill The music question We conform to Ma- homedan customs Big dinners The Khedive's reception Lord Dufferin's pleasant ways . .39 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. The Duke of Hamilton and Turner His kindness to the Shrop- shire Regiment The Khedive at Alexandria The officers visit him on accession day Ramadan begins Drilling at night We make cholera camps and cholera hospital Win- gate's good work Turner's pluck and peculiarities The epidemic awful in Cairo Death lists at dinner Devotion of . -
Utd^L. Dean of the Graduate School Ev .•^C>V
THE FASHODA CRISIS: A SURVEY OF ANGLO-FRENCH IMPERIAL POLICY ON THE UPPER NILE QUESTION, 1882-1899 APPROVED: Graduate ttee: Majdr Prbfessor ~y /• Minor Professor lttee Member Committee Member irman of the Department/6f History J (7-ZZyUtd^L. Dean of the Graduate School eV .•^C>v Goode, James Hubbard, The Fashoda Crisis: A Survey of Anglo-French Imperial Policy on the Upper Nile Question, 1882-1899. Doctor of Philosophy (History), December, 1971, 235 pp., bibliography, 161 titles. Early and recent interpretations of imperialism and long-range expansionist policies of Britain and France during the period of so-called "new imperialism" after 1870 are examined as factors in the causes of the Fashoda Crisis of 1898-1899. British, French, and German diplomatic docu- ments, memoirs, eye-witness accounts, journals, letters, newspaper and journal articles, and secondary works form the basis of the study. Anglo-French rivalry for overseas territories is traced from the Age of Discovery to the British occupation of Egypt in 1882, the event which, more than any other, triggered the opening up of Africa by Europeans. The British intention to build a railroad and an empire from Cairo to Capetown and the French dream of drawing a line of authority from the mouth of the Congo River to Djibouti, on the Red Sea, for Tied a huge cross of European imperialism over the African continent, The point of intersection was the mud-hut village of Fashoda on the left bank of the White Nile south of Khartoum. The. Fashoda meeting, on September 19, 1898, of Captain Jean-Baptiste Marchand, representing France, and General Sir Herbert Kitchener, representing Britain and Egypt, touched off an international crisis, almost resulting in global war. -
A Study of Ethnographic Collecting and Display
Material Cultures of Imperialism in Eastern Africa, c.1870–1920: A Study of Ethnographic Collecting and Display Alison Bennett UCL PhD History 1 This thesis is submitted for the degree of PhD. I, Alison Bennett, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This dissertation examines the entangled relationship between ethnographic collecting and early British imperial expansion in present-day Uganda and neighbouring parts of Kenya. Between 1870 and 1920, thousands of objects from this region were accessioned by British museums and their colonial counterparts in eastern Africa. However, historians and curators alike know remarkably little about the contexts of their acquisition. Histories of the colonial period in Uganda and Kenya have rarely engaged with these crucial material sources, relying instead upon methodologies that privilege the textual and oral archive. Meanwhile in museum histories and displays, objects from eastern Africa are eclipsed by material culture from western Africa and Egypt. By combining close object analysis with archival and visual material, and by drawing on theoretical approaches to material culture from anthropology, this thesis reassembles the rich and complex histories of this important material archive for the first time. In doing so, it reveals the significant material underpinnings of both imperial and counter-imperial activity in the region. Focusing on a variety of different collectors ranging from colonial officials to missionaries, local leaders and museums, it shows that collecting was a pivotal tool for mediating different encounters, relationships, identities, and power structures within colonial society. -
Lincoln Attained. He Is Master of Th^Y-^Itical Help the Project Than Tho
* c NEW YUKK HERALD, WEDKESDj!Y, JULY 9, 1873.-TKIPLE SHKKT. Hg % sen intental Ingei In Onr Politic*. is a soldier j he knowj the felicity of me. The result is that yesterday we signed heiid of a tributary of the Zambezi, and if of A. T. Stewart 4 Co., has been made the re- 1 a or a handsome testimonial from his "r'm -rtnn'-v- Mnn.4 .« lU.t l.k. clplent or » IIEKALD CI»Ter (tueitloni thkn Ruffrkgt His ideas of the have an on certain conditions, Bu w|w«« vi tiuo mnvuuv v* »ui»» « »» I NEW YORK authority. Presidency agreement by which, friends. Protection.The Apathr end Silence of been that it is in senses a they agree to form a company, of which I am ab<jve the sea is not a mistake this time HS; AND ANY STREET. always many great Jo in L. Tnc';er, one of the good old BROADWAY office. to be to suit and to inion must be correct Bat oar the Republican Party. True and faithful as he has been,personal President, my views, give opi of the Tremont House, Boston, and recentlyUaAlordst me and friends a the of the new Clifford at Mass., was We are not insensible to the valne of many there are many thingB he has done that Bhow my majority of stock." sp< report from Khartoam, byoorremdent's House, Plymouth. | yJAMES GORDON BENNETT, a to to the belief that, in Thns we see how political was mixed the of Sir Samuel Baker, is drowned while bathing at Plymouth, on the 6th of the issues which our political friends are tendency Cre-tarism, jobbery emphaticau>rityinstant. -
Soldier, Structure and the Other
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto SOLDIER, STRUCTURE AND THE OTHER SOCIAL RELATIONS AND CULTURAL CATEGORISATION IN THE MEMOIRS OF FINNISH GUARDSMEN TAKING PART IN THE RUSSO- TURKISH WAR, 1877-1878 Teuvo Laitila Dissertation in Cultural Anthropology, University of Helsinki, Finland, 2001 1 ISSN 1458-3186 ISBN (nid.) 952-10-0104-6 ISBN (pdf) 952-10-105-4 Teuvo Laitila 2 ABSTRACT SOLDIER, STRUCTURE AND THE OTHER:SOCIAL RELATIONS AND CULTURAL CATEGORISATION IN THE MEMOIRS OF FINNISH GUARDSMEN TAKING PART IN THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR, 1877-1878 Teuvo Laitila University of Helsinki, Finland I examine the influence of Finnish tradition (public memory) about the ’correct’ behaviour in war and relative to the other or not-us on the ways the Finnish guardsmen described their experiences in the Russo-Turkish war, 1877-1878. Further, I analyse how the men’s peacetime identity was transformed into a wartime military one due to their battle experiences and encounters with the other (the enemy, the Balkans and its civilian population) and how public memory both shaped this process and was reinterpreted during it. Methodologically I combine Victor Turner’s study of rituals as processes with Maurice Halbwachs’s sociologial insights about what he termed mémoire collective and what I have called public memory, and Eric Dardel’s geographical view about the meaning of space in remembering. My sources are the written recollections of the Finnish guardsmen, both volunteers and professionals. I have broken each recollection (nine together) down into themes (military ideals, views of the enemy, battle, the civilians or Bulgarians, etc.) and analysed them separately, letting every author tell his story about each thema. -
Episode in Anglo-Ottoman History: British Relief to ‘93 Refugees (1877-78)
A “COMPASSIONATE” EPISODE IN ANGLO-OTTOMAN HISTORY: BRITISH RELIEF TO ‘93 REFUGEES (1877-78) A Master’s Thesis by SAD ĐYE SENA D ĐNÇYÜREK DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA June 2010 To Serra and Seva... A “COMPASSIONATE” EPISODE IN ANGLO-OTTOMAN HISTORY: BRITISH RELIEF TO ‘93 REFUGEES (1877-78) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by SAD ĐYE SENA D ĐNÇYÜREK In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BĐLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA June 2010 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. --------------------------------- Assistant Prof. Oktay ÖZEL Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. --------------------------------- Assistant Prof. Evgeni RADUSHEV Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. --------------------------------- Assistant Prof. Nur Bilge CRISS Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences --------------------------------- Prof. Dr. Erdal EREL Director ABSTRACT A “COMPASSIONATE” EPISODE IN ANGLO-OTTOMAN HISTORY: BRITISH RELIEF TO ‘93 REFUGEES (1877-78) Dinçyürek, Sadiye Sena M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Assistant Prof. Oktay Özel June 2010 This thesis aims to provide an indebt analysis of the British relief to the Ottoman Refugees of 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War (’93 Refugees). -
The Exploration of the Ruwenzori
THE EXPlORATION OF THE RUWENZORl THE EXPLORATION OF THE RUWENZORI BY R. M. BERE OM earliest times, the ancient Mediterranean world was interested in the source of the Nile and there was clearly much conjecture amongst the geographers of those far off days, as frequent classical erences show. As explorers amongst the moderns, therefore, dis- covered one mountain after another in central Africa, each discovery, in its turn, was heralded as the mountainous source of the great river. When the German missionary Rebmann, and his colleague Dr. Krapf, first sighted Kilimanjaro in 1846, they thought that they had found the ~nows · to which the classics referred, as later did the discoverers of both Mount l{enya and the Bufumbiro volcanoes : these were all seen by European explorers before the Ruwenzori. Claudius Ptolemy, writing in about the year A.D. 150, was the first to make widely known to the western world that the source of the Nile lay in great lakes fed by streams from a snow mountain ; this he called the ' Mountains of the Moon.' His maps show the main features of the Nile valley with considerable accuracy and the longitude and latitude which he ascribes to his' Moun tains of the Moon' agree, in a remarkable degree, with the position actually occupied by the Ruwenzori : this of course, in no way, applies to the other mountain masses of central .Africa. This question is still argued by some, albeit th~re is little reason to support those who hold that it was not the Ruwenzori to which Ptolemy referred.