DOCSLIB.ORG

Subcommittee on Nuclear and Radiochemistry Committee on Chemical Sciences Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Research Council

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Subcommittee on Nuclear and Radiochemistry Committee on Chemical Sciences Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Research Council SEPARATED ISOTOPES: cnrp-Rono'*-* c-nmn VITAL TOOLS TOR SCIENCE AND MEDICINE C0LF 820233 — Summ. DE33 011646 Subcommittee on Nuclear and Radiochemistry Committee on Chemical Sciences Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Research Council DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Governmenl or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1982 \P DISTR1BUT10II Of THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the Nationcil Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the Charter of the National Academy of Sciences. Support for this project was provided by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-PG0I-81ER10984 and by the National Institutes of Health under Contract No. N01-OD-2-2117. Subcomnittee on Nuclear and Radiochemistry Gregory R. Choppin, Florida State University, Chairman Eugene T. Chulick, Babcock and Wilcox Christopher Gatrousis, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Peter E. Haustein, Brookhaven National laboratory Darleane C. Hoffman, Los Alamos National Laboratory Paul J. Karol, Carnegie-Mellon University Michael J. Welch, Washington University School of Medicine Raymond G. Wymer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory William H. Zoller, University of Maryland Workshop Steering Committee Gerhart Friedlander, Blue Point, New York, Co-Chairman Henry N. Wagner, Jr., Ihe Johns Hopkins University, Co-Chairman J. Calvin Brantley, New England Nuclear Corporation Gregory R. Choppin, Florida State University, Ex-Officio Richard M. Lambrecht, Brookhaven National laboratory Richard C. Reba, George Washington University Medical Center Michael S. Zisman, Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory NRC Staff William Spindel, Executive Secretary Peggy J. Posey, Staff Assistant Wendy L. Baker, Secretary Jean E. Yates, Secretary iii / v FOREWORD v.e. 9M. 3 .. This report summarizes the deliberations and conclusions of a Workshop on Stable Isotopes and Derived Radioisotopes organized by the Subcommittee on Nuclear and Radiochemistry of the National Research Council's Conmittee on Chemical Sciences at the request of the Department of Energy (DOE). ?he workshop was jointly supported by the National Institutes of Health and DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. An Overview with three reconmendations resulting from the Workshop, prepared by the Steering Committee, is followed by Chapters 1 to 4, reports of the four Workshop panels. Background papers were prepared by individuals on the Steering Committee and made available to all participants prior to the Workshop. They proved of great value and are reproduced as Appendixes 3 to 8. Short reports on alternate separation techniques were presented at the Workshop and are reproduced in Appendixes 9 to 11. We are deeply grateful to all Workshop participants and especially to the members of the Steering Committee for their contributions. The very efficient staff support of Dr. William Spindel, Mrs. Peggy J. Posey, Mrs. Jean E. Yates, and Mrs. Wendy L. Baker before, during, and after the Workshop are gratefully acknowledged. Gerhart Friedlander Henry N. Wagner, Jr. Co-Chairmen CONTENTS Foreword v Overview and Reconroendations 1 Panel Reports 1. panel on Research Applications in Physics, 3 Chemistry and Geoscience 2. panel on Commercial Applications 15 3. Panel on Biomedical Research Applications 23 4. Panel on Clinical Applications 29 Appendixes 1. Letter Requesting Workshop 35 2. Workshop Organization 37 3. The U.S. Stable Isotope Program, by Gregory Choppin 39 4. The Stable Isotope Enrichment program 45 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, by Eugene Newman 5. National Uses and Needs for Separated Stable Iso- 81 topes in Physics, Chemistry, and Geoscience Research, by Michael S. Zisman 6. Industry Needs, by Calvin Brantley 179 7. Biomedical Research Applications of Electro- 185 magnetically Separated Enriched Stable Isotopes, by Richard M. Lambrecht 8. Workshop on Clinical Applications of Stable isotopes 247 and Derived Radioisotopes, by Richard C. Reba 9. isotope Separation by Gaseous and Liquid Thermal 269 Diffusion and by Chemical Exchange, by William R. Wilkes 10. Laser Isotope Separation — An Alternative 271 Production Method, by G. Sargent Janes 11. The Vacuum Arc Centrifuge, by Mahadevan Krishnan 273 and Jay L. Hirshfield vii OVERVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Calutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), originally built to produce enriched 235u during World War II, have been used since 1947 to produce enriched stable isotopes for a wide variety of applications. Operated first by the Atomic Energy Commission (ABC), then by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), and now by the Department of Energy (DOE), the Calutron facility has been the major U.S. source of stable isotopes of most elements. These stable isotopes are used both in scientific research and as precursors of the radioactive isotopes used in biomedical research ana clinical medicine. The great versatility of the electromagnetic separation method and its ability to respond rapidly to changing demands maKe it unique as a general technique. Thus the ORNL facility is an invaluable national as well as international resource; the only comparable electromagnetic separation facility is in the USSR. For a variety of reasons/ however, serious shortages of stable isotopes now exist. Some 60 isotopes are currently not available from ORNL, and under the current funding schemes further deterioration of the inventory appears inevitable. This will have serious consequences for many areas of physics, chemistry, biology, and geosciences, where stable isotopes are indispensable tools. Nuclear medicine has developed to the point where further erosion in the supply of stable isotopes could threaten the health of millions of patients. Recognizing the seriousness of the problem, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences at DOE asked (Appendix 1) the National Research Council to convene a Workshop to assess the needs for stable isotopes in the scientific, medical, and industrial communities. The Workshop was cosponsored by the National Institutes of Health and organized under the aegis of the Subcommittee on Nuclear and Radiochemistry of the NRC Committee on Chemical Sciences. It was held February 2-4, 1982 at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. The participants are listed in Appendix 2. Background papers were prepared by members of the Workshop steering committee and distributed to participants prior to the Workshop. These papers served as important resource documents and were the basis of the initial presentations to a plenary session. They are appended to this report (Appendixes 3-8). Following the plenary session, the participants broke up into panels dealing with the use of isotopes in the following areas: (1) research in physics, chemistry, and the geosciences; (2) research in biology and medicine; (3) clinical applications; and (4) commercial production of radiopharmaceuticals and radiochemicals. The four panels prepared preliminary reports, which were discussed in plenary session and further refined. Considering the diverse professional backgrounds and interests of the participants, the conclusions of the four panels were remarkably similar. These reports, with the conclusions arrived at by each Panel, form
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thallium-201 for Medical Use. I
    THALLIUM-201 FOR MEDICAL USE. I E. Lebowitz, M. W. Greene, R. Fairchild, P. R. Bradley-Moore, H. 1. Atkins,A. N. Ansari, P. Richards,and E. Belgrave Brookhaven National Laboratory Thallium-201 merits evaluation for myocar tumors (7—9), the use of radiothallium should also dial visualization, kidney studies, and tumor be evaluated for this application. diagnosis because of its physical and biologic Thallium-201 decays by electron capture with a properties. A method is described for prepara 73-hr half-life. It emits mercury K-x-rays of 69—83 tion of this radiopharmaceutical for human use. keY in 98% abundance plus gamma rays of I 35 and A critical evaluation of 501T1 and other radio 167 keV in 10% total abundance. Because of its pharmaceuticals for myocardial visualization is good shelf-life, photon energies, and mode of decay, given. 201T1was the radioisotope of thallium chosen for development. Thallium-20 1 is a potentially useful radioisotope MATERIALS AND METHODS for various medical applications including myocardial Thallium-201 is produced by irradiating a natural visualization and possible assessment of physiology, thallium target in the external beam of the 60-in. as a renal medullary imaging agent, and for tumor Brookhaven cyclotron with 3 1-MeV protons. The detection. nuclear reaction is 203Tl(p,3n)201Pb. Lead-201 has The use of radiothallium in nuclear medicine was a half-life of 9.4 hr and is the parent of 201T1.The first suggested by Kawana, et al (1 ) . In terms of thallium target, fabricated from an ingot of 99.999% organ distribution (2) and neurophysiologic function pure natural thallium metal (29.5% isotopic abun (3), thallium is biologically similar to potassium.
    [Show full text]
  • Potassium-40 What Is It? Potassium Is a Soft, Silver-White Metal
    Human Health Fact Sheet ANL, October 2001 Potassium-40 What Is It? Potassium is a soft, silver-white metal. An important constituent of soil, it is widely distributed in nature and is present in all Symbol: K(-40) plant and animal tissues. Potassium-40 is a naturally occurring Atomic Number: 19 radioactive isotope of potassium. (An isotope is a different form of an (protons in nucleus) element that has the same number of protons in the nucleus but a different number of neutrons.) Two stable (nonradioactive) isotopes of Atomic Weight: 39 potassium exist, potassium-39 and potassium-41. Potassium-39 (naturally occurring) comprises most (about 93%) of naturally occurring potassium, and potassium-41 accounts for essentially all the rest. Radioactive postassium-40 comprises a very small fraction (about 0.012%) of naturally occurring potassium. Several radioactive isotopes of potassium exist in addition to potassium-40. These isotopes all have half- lives of less than one day Radioactive Properties of Potassium-40 so they are not Natural Specific Radiation Energy (MeV) Half-Life Decay of concern for Isotope Abundance Activity (yr) Mode Alpha Beta Gamma Department of (%) (Ci/g) (α) (β) (γ) Energy (DOE) K-40 1.3 billion 0.012 0.0000071 β, EC - 0.52 0.16 environmental management EC = electron capture, Ci = curie, g = gram, and MeV = million electron volts; a dash means sites such as that the entry is not applicable. (See the companion fact sheet on Radioactive Properties, Hanford. The Internal Distribution, and Risk Coefficients for explanation of terms and interpretation of radiation energies.) Potassium-40 decays by both emitting a beta particle (89%) and electron half-life of capture (11%).
    [Show full text]
  • Terbium Luminescence-Lifetime Heterogeneity and Protein Equilibrium Conformational Dynamics (Glass/Rubber/Phase Transition/Fluorescence) R
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 84, pp. 1541-1545, March 1987 Biophysics Terbium luminescence-lifetime heterogeneity and protein equilibrium conformational dynamics (glass/rubber/phase transition/fluorescence) R. H. AUSTIN, D. L. STEIN, AND J. WANG Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Communicated by Philip W. Anderson, October 31, 1986 (received for review August 13, 1986) ABSTRACT The fluorescence decay of the rare earth comparison of the data with theories based on the physics of terbium when bound to the protein calmodulin changes from a disordered systems. simple exponential decay to a complex nonexponential decay as Our experiment probes conformational dynamics of cal- the temperature is lowered below 200 K. We have fit the modulin by measuring time-resolved luminescence of bound observed decay curves by assuming that (i) the terbium terbium(III) ions. If one wishes to focus solely on the emission is a forced electric dipole transition and (ii) proteins conformational dynamics of the protein, this approach offers have a distribution of continuous conformational states. Quan- an advantage over chemical kinetics experiments such as titative fits to the data indicate that the root-mean-square ligand recombination (8), in that the results may be directly configurational deviation ofthe atoms surrounding the terbium interpreted in terms of the time dependence of the crystal ion is 0.2 i, in good agreement with other measurements. We field of the local ionic environment; interpretation of chem- further point out that because the protein seems to undergo a ical kinetics experiments is often less clear due to the glass transition yet retains configurational order at room complicated nuclear and electronic rearrangements that oc- temperature, the proper name for the physical state ofa protein cur during a chemical reaction (9).
    [Show full text]
  • COLUMBIUM - and RARE-EARTH ELEMENT-BEARING DEPOSITS at BOKAN MOUNTAIN, SOUTHEAST ALASKA by J
    COLUMBIUM - AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENT-BEARING DEPOSITS AT BOKAN MOUNTAIN, SOUTHEAST ALASKA By J. Dean Warner and James C. Barker Alaska Field Operations Center * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * OFR - 33-89 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF MINES T.S. Ary, Director TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract ........................................................ 1 Introduction ....................... 2 Acknowledgments ................................................. 4 Location, access, and physiography .............................. 5 History and production ............. 5 Geologic setting .................................. 9 Trace element analyses of the peralkaline granite .............. 11 Nature of Bureau investigations ................................. 13 Sampling methods and analytical techniques .................... 13 Analytical interference, limitations, and self-shielding ...... 13 Resource estimation methods ................................... 15 Prospect evaluations .......................................... 16 Shear zones and fracture-controlled deposits .................... 18 Ross Adams mine ................. 18 Sunday Lake prospect.......................................... 21 I and L No. 1 and Wennie prospects ............................ 27 Other Occurrences ............................................. 31 Altered peralkaline granite ................................. 31 Dotson shear zone ........................................... 35 Resources ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A 1 Case-PR/ }*Rciofft.;Is Report
    .A 1 case-PR/ }*rciofft.;is Report (a) This eruption site on Mauna Loa Volcano was the main source of the voluminous lavas that flowed two- thirds of the distance to the town of Hilo (20 km). In the interior of the lava fountains, the white-orange color indicates maximum temperatures of about 1120°C; deeper orange in both the fountains and flows reflects decreasing temperatures (<1100°C) at edges and the surface. (b) High winds swept the exposed ridges, and the filter cannister was changed in the shelter of a p^hoehoc (lava) ridge to protect the sample from gas contamination. (c) Because of the high temperatures and acid gases, special clothing and equipment was necessary to protect the eyes. nose, lungs, and skin. Safety features included military flight suits of nonflammable fabric, fuil-face respirators that are equipped with dual acidic gas filters (purple attachments), hard hats, heavy, thick-soled boots, and protective gloves. We used portable radios to keep in touch with the Hawaii Volcano Observatory, where the area's seismic activity was monitored continuously. (d) Spatter activity in the Pu'u O Vent during the January 1984 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Magma visible in the circular conduit oscillated in a piston-like fashion; spatter was ejected to heights of 1 to 10 m. During this activity, we sampled gases continuously for 5 hours at the west edge. Cover photo: This aerial view of Kilauea Volcano was taken in April 1984 during overflights to collect gas samples from the plume. The bluish portion of the gas plume contained a far higher density of fine-grained scoria (ash).
    [Show full text]
  • The Separation and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 The epS aration and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium. Harry Edward Moseley Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Moseley, Harry Edward, "The eS paration and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1559. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1559 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ThU dissertation has been 69-17,123 microfilmsd exactly as received MOSELEY, Harry Edward, 1929- THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, PhJ>., 1969 Chemistry, analytical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry Harry Edward Moseley B.S., Lpuisiana State University, 1951 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1952 J anuary, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to Dr. Eugene W. Berg under whose direction this work was performed, to Dr. A. D. Shendrikar for his help in the tracer studies, and to Mr. J. H. R. Streiffer for his help in writing the com­ puter program.
    [Show full text]
  • How Earth Got Its Moon Article
    FEATURE How Earth Got its MOON Standard formation tale may need a rewrite By Thomas Sumner he moon’s origin story does not add up. Most “Multiple impacts just make more sense,” says planetary scientists think that the moon formed in the earli- scientist Raluca Rufu of the Weizmann Institute of Science in est days of the solar system, around 4.5 billion years Rehovot, Israel. “You don’t need this one special impactor to Tago, when a Mars-sized protoplanet called Theia form the moon.” whacked into the young Earth. The collision sent But Theia shouldn’t be left on the cutting room floor just debris from both worlds hurling into orbit, where the rubble yet. Earth and Theia were built largely from the same kind of eventually mingled and combined to form the moon. material, new research suggests, and so had similar composi- If that happened, scientists expect that Theia’s contribution tions. There is no sign of “other” material on the moon, this would give the moon a different composition from Earth’s. perspective holds, because nothing about Theia was different. Yet studies of lunar rocks show that Earth and its moon are “I’m absolutely on the fence between these two opposing compositionally identical. That fact throws a wrench into the ideas,” says UCLA cosmochemist Edward Young. Determining planet-on-planet impact narrative. which story is correct is going to take more research. But the Researchers have been exploring other scenarios. Maybe answer will offer profound insights into the evolution of the the Theia impact never happened (there’s no direct evidence early solar system, Young says.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization Studies of the CERN-ISOLDE Neutron Converter and Fission Target System
    Optimization Studies of the CERN-ISOLDE neutron converter and fission target system Raul Luís1, José G. Marques, Thierry Stora, Pedro Vaz, Luca Zanini 1ITN – Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal 2CERN – CH-1211, Genève 23, Switzerland 3PSI – 5232 Villigen, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The ISOLDE facility at CERN has been one of the leading isotope separator on-line (ISOL) facilities worldwide since it became operative in 1967. More than 1000 isotopes are available at ISOLDE, produced after the bombardment of various primary targets with a pulsed proton beam of energy 1.4 GeV and an average intensity of 2 μA. A tungsten solid neutron converter has been used for ten years to produce neutron-rich fission fragments in UCx targets. In this work, the Monte Carlo code FLUKA and the cross section codes TALYS and ABRABLA were used to study the current layout of the neutron converter and fission target system of the ISOLDE facility. An optimized target system layout is proposed, which maximizes the production of neutron-rich isotopes and reduces the contamination by undesired proton-rich isobars. The studies here reported can already be applied to ISOLDE and will be of special relevance for the future facilities HIE-ISOLDE and EURISOL. 1. Introduction One of the most efficient ways to study nuclei far from stability is the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) method, in which a beam of high-energy hadrons hits a thick target, producing a great variety of radioactive products through different processes like fission, spallation and fragmentation [1]. The resulting nuclides can be studied after they are extracted from the target, ionized and mass separated.
    [Show full text]
  • Calculations of \(N,2N\) Reaction Cross Sections for 74,76,78,80,82Se up to 20
    128 EPJ Web of Conferences , 01001 (2016) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612801001 TESNAT 2016 Halide Şahan1,a, Muhittin Şahan1, Eyyup Tel1 1Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, Osmaniye, Turkey In the present work, the excitation functions of (n,2n) reactions for five isotopes of selenium (74,76,78,80,82Se) are calculated using ALICE/ASH, EMPIRE-3.2.2, PCROSS, and TALYS 1.6 computer codes based on statistical model up to 20 MeV. The theoretical calculations provide information of the (n,2n) excitation functions with the increasing target neutron number of selenium element. The calculated cross-sections were compared with experimental data from EXFOR and also with the cross- sections estimated with semi empirical formula developed by Tet et al. (2008) [18]. Results show a reasonably good agreement between the calculations and the experimental data from literature. ! " by Tel et al. [13]. These formulas have been given as follows; The theoretical calculation models are necessary to ⎪⎧7.15[]1− 2.45e−31.620(N −Z ) / A for even A⎪⎫ provide the estimation of the particle–induced reaction σ = (1) ln n,2n ⎨ ⎬ cross sections due to the experimental difficulty [1,2]. In ⎩⎪ 7.65[]1−1.59e−23.06(N −Z ) / A for odd A⎭⎪ past years the cross section of selenium isotopes (74,76,78,80,82,84Se) around 14-15 MeV have been measured For (n,2n) reaction cross sections of 74Se(n,2n)73Se, by many researches such as Hille and Münzer [3]; 76Se(n,2n)75Se, 78Se(n,2n)77Se, 80Se(n,2n)79Se and Minetti and Pasquarelli [4]; Casanova and Sanchez [5]; 82Se(n,2n)81Se at 14-15 MeV, the calculated cross 74,76,78,80,82 Hoang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Isotope Cosmochemistry Kun Wang Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 12-2-2013 Iron Isotope Cosmochemistry Kun Wang Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Kun, "Iron Isotope Cosmochemistry" (2013). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 1189. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1189 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Dissertation Examination Committee: Frédéric Moynier, Chair Thomas J. Bernatowicz Robert E. Criss Bruce Fegley, Jr. Christine Floss Bradley L. Jolliff Iron Isotope Cosmochemistry by Kun Wang A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 St. Louis, Missouri Copyright © 2013, Kun Wang All rights reserved. Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 74 Dauphas Et Al EPSL 2014.Pdf
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 398 (2014) 127–140 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Magma redox and structural controls on iron isotope variations in Earth’s mantle and crust ∗ N. Dauphas a, , M. Roskosz b, E.E. Alp c, D.R. Neuville d,M.Y.Huc,C.K.Sioa, F.L.H. Tissot a, J. Zhao c, L. Tissandier e,E.Médardf,C.Cordierb a Origins Laboratory, Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA b Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université Lille 1, CNRS UMR 8207, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France c Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA d Géochimie et Cosmochimie, IPGP-CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France e Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS-UPR 2300, 15 rue Notre-Dame des Pauvres, BP20, 54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France f Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, IRD, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France article info abstract Article history: The heavy iron isotopic composition of Earth’s crust relative to chondrites has been explained by Received 13 July 2013 vaporization during the Moon-forming impact, equilibrium partitioning between metal and silicate at Received in revised form 15 April 2014 core–mantle-boundary conditions, or partial melting and magma differentiation. The latter view is Accepted 21 April 2014 supported by the observed difference in the iron isotopic compositions of MORBS and peridotites.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornell Chemistry
    CORNELL CHEMISTRY Chairman's Column In the last issue of Cornell Chemistry, Roald Hoffmann told you that he was stepping down as department chairman and kindly introduced me as his successor. Here, I have the opportunity to thank Roald, in the name of all Cornell chemists, past, present, and future, for his many efforts on behalf of us all. We are well aware of Roald's illustrious scientific achievements; I can tell you that he also applied his extraordinary skills to the administration of this office to strengthen and make more secure the framework upon which depends the future success of the department. Thank you Roald, and please stay close to the telephone because I have a lot of questions! One question I can now answer is, "What, exactly, does the chairman do"? Having served on the job since the beginning of July, I have at least a rough THE NEWSLETTER idea. Surprisingly, there is relatively little routine paperwork to worry about. OF THE Most all of the administrative details are handled quite admirably by our efficient staff under the direction of Earl Peters, our Executive Director. He and I work DEPARTMENT OF closely together on a day-to-day basis; yes, one of my first acts in office was CHEMISTRY approving the new Chemistry Department dog ordinance. On an altogether AND THE SOCIETY OF different intellectual plane are some more interesting issues. How can we continue our long tradition of excellence in research, teaching, and service? CORNELL CHEMISTS How do we make available the resources required to make us even a stronger department? Cornell University Baker Laboratory In many ways, we stand at the threshold of the 21st Century.
    [Show full text]