DOCSLIB.ORG

Surface Treatment of Titanium with Palladium an ECONOMICAL CORROSION PREVENTION PROCESS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Surface Treatment of Titanium with Palladium an ECONOMICAL CORROSION PREVENTION PROCESS Surface Treatment of Titanium with Palladium AN ECONOMICAL CORROSION PREVENTION PROCESS Titanium, which has excellent resistance to metal is then passive. On the other hand corrosion, thus making it suitable for corro- palladium-plated titanium attains a potential sive conditions in chemical engineering, has well above the passivation potential irnrned- rather poor resistance to non-oxidising acids, iately on being introduced into the acid, and equipment for handling chlorides, for which indicates that it is superior to the alloy. example, is often fabricated from palladium- (Examination of this curve shows that after 22 titanium alloy, which resists crevice corrosion hours the potential of the palladium-coated in particular. titanium falls rapidly to a value more negative A low-cost process for the surface treatment than the passivation potential, but the authors of titanium with a very thin coating of make no comment on this aspect of the palladium has now been developed by Reiji potential-time curve.) Kawashima and Kineo Yamaguchi of Nippon The corrosion rates of titanium, 0.15 per Mining Co (Chem. Econ. Engng Rev., 1969, cent palladium-titanium and palladium- (Dec.), 20) to enhance the corrosion re- plated titanium (heat treated at low and high sistance of titanium. This process is claimed temperatures to form the alloy layer) to give results comparable to those obtained in hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, and with palladium-titanium alloys. acetic plus sulphuric acids have been studied The palladium is deposited on the surface and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the titanium by electroless immersion of palladium plating in enhancing the plating (details of the plating process are not corrosion resistance of titanium. The authors provided), and the coated metal is then heat have also studied the crevice corrosion of treated to give a thin surface layer of a titanium and palladium-coated titanium in palladium-rich titanium alloy. The amount boiling 42 per cent magnesium chloride plus of palladium deposited is so small that it o.oo~Mhydrochloric and again demonstrate can be detected only by use of the isotope the effectiveness of palladium in controlling Pd109, but electron microprobe analysis of this form of localised attack. the alloy formed after heat treatment The authors claim that palladium-coated revealed a palladium-titanium alloy of titanium provides an economic method of -10-2op thickness, which the authors claim enhancing the corrosion resistance of titanium, is similar to that formed by a palladium- and that the corrosion resistance of the coated titanium alloy. metal is equal, or superior, to the palladium- Potential-time curves are presented that titanium alloy. The palladium-coating pro- compare the behaviour of titanium, I per cent cess, which has the advantage that it can be palladium-titanium and palladium-plated applied to selected areas of the titanium titanium in 5 per cent and 80 per cent structure, should have important applications sulphuric acid at the boiling point and at in the petrochemical and other industries, 25"C, respectively. In 80 per cent H,SO, the and should be particularly useful for titanium I per cent palladium-titanium alloy shows an structures immersed in seawater, where initial rapid decrease in potential followed by crevice corrosion is known to occur with a rapid increase to a potential that is more uncoated titanium. positive than the Flade potential, i.e., the L. L. s. Platinum Metals Rev., 1970, 14, (2), 4747 47 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Repoussé Work for Amateurs
    rf Bi oN? ^ ^ iTION av op OCT i 3 f943 2 MAY 8 1933 DEC 3 1938 MAY 6 id i 28 dec j o m? Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Public Library http://www.archive.org/details/repoussworkforamOOhasl GROUP OF LEAVES. Repousse Work for Amateurs. : REPOUSSE WORK FOR AMATEURS: BEING THE ART OF ORNAMENTING THIN METAL WITH RAISED FIGURES. tfjLd*- 6 By L. L. HASLOPE. ILLUSTRATED. LONDON L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STRAND, W.C, 1887. PRINTED BY A. BRADLEY, 170, STRAND, LONDON. 3W PREFACE. " JjJjtfN these days, when of making books there is no end," ^*^ and every description of work, whether professional or amateur, has a literature of its own, it is strange that scarcely anything should have been written on the fascinating arts of Chasing and Repousse Work. It is true that a few articles have appeared in various periodicals on the subject, but with scarcely an exception they treated only of Working on Wood, and the directions given were generally crude and imperfect. This is the more surprising when we consider how fashionable Repousse Work has become of late years, both here and in America; indeed, in the latter country, "Do you pound brass ? " is said to be a very common question. I have written the following pages in the hope that they might, in some measure, supply a want, and prove of service to my brother amateurs. It has been hinted to me that some of my chapters are rather "advanced;" in other words, that I have gone farther than amateurs are likely to follow me.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Pricing Grid Numismatic Gold Platinum Palladium Liberty
    2019 Pricing of Numismatic Gold, Commemorative Gold, Platinum, and Palladium Products **Does not reflect $5 discount during introductory period Average American Eagle American Eagle American Buffalo American Eagle American Eagle American Liberty Commemorative Gold Commemorative Gold Size Price per Ounce Gold Proof Gold Uncirculated 24K Gold Proof Platinum Proof Palladium Reverse Proof 24K Gold Proof* Uncirculated* $500.00 to $549.99 1 oz $877.50 $840.00 $910.00 $920.00 $937.50 $940.00 1/2 oz $455.00 1/4 oz $240.00 1/10 oz $107.50 $135.00 4-coin set $1,627.50 commemorative gold $240.00 $230.00 commemorative 3-coin set $305.50 $550.00 to $599.99 1 oz $927.50 $890.00 $960.00 $970.00 $987.50 $990.00 1/2 oz $480.00 1/4 oz $252.50 1/10 oz $112.50 $140.00 4-coin set $1,720.00 commemorative gold $252.25 $242.25 commemorative 3-coin set $317.75 $600.00 to $649.99 1 oz $977.50 $940.00 $1,010.00 $1,020.00 $1,037.50 $1,040.00 1/2 oz $505.00 1/4 oz $265.00 1/10 oz $117.50 $145.00 4-coin set $1,812.50 commemorative gold $264.50 $254.50 commemorative 3-coin set $330.00 $650.00 to $699.99 1 oz $1,027.50 $990.00 $1,060.00 $1,070.00 $1,087.50 $1,090.00 1/2 oz $530.00 1/4 oz $277.50 1/10 oz $122.50 $150.00 4-coin set $1,905.00 commemorative gold $276.75 $266.75 commemorative 3-coin set $342.25 $700.00 to $749.99 1 oz $1,077.50 $1,040.00 $1,110.00 $1,120.00 $1,137.50 $1,140.00 1/2 oz $555.00 1/4 oz $290.00 1/10 oz $127.50 $155.00 4-coin set $1,997.50 commemorative gold $289.00 $279.00 commemorative 3-coin set $354.50 $750.00 to $799.99 1 oz $1,127.50 $1,090.00
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Titanium in Dentistry
    Cells and Materials Volume 5 Number 2 Article 9 1995 The Use of Titanium in Dentistry Toru Okabe Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas Hakon Hero Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials, Haslum Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cellsandmaterials Part of the Dentistry Commons Recommended Citation Okabe, Toru and Hero, Hakon (1995) "The Use of Titanium in Dentistry," Cells and Materials: Vol. 5 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cellsandmaterials/vol5/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Dairy Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cells and Materials by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cells and Materials, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1995 (Pages 211-230) 1051-6794/95$5 0 00 + 0 25 Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago (AMF O'Hare), IL 60666 USA THE USE OF TITANIUM IN DENTISTRY Toru Okabe• and HAkon Hem1 Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA 1Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Haslum, Norway (Received for publication August 8, 1994 and in revised form September 6, 1995) Abstract Introduction The aerospace, energy, and chemical industries have Compared to the metals and alloys commonly used benefitted from favorable applications of titanium and for many years for various industrial applications, tita­ titanium alloys since the 1950's. Only about 15 years nium is a rather "new" metal. Before the success of the ago, researchers began investigating titanium as a mate­ Kroll process in 1938, no commercially feasible way to rial with the potential for various uses in the dental field, produce pure titanium had been found.
    [Show full text]
  • Metals and Metal Products Tariff Schedules of the United States
    251 SCHEDULE 6. - METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES SCHEDULE 6. - METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS 252 Part 1 - Metal-Bearing Ores and Other Metal-Bearing Schedule 6 headnotes: Materials 1, This schedule does not cover — Part 2 Metals, Their Alloys, and Their Basic Shapes and Forms (II chemical elements (except thorium and uranium) and isotopes which are usefully radioactive (see A. Precious Metals part I3B of schedule 4); B. Iron or Steel (II) the alkali metals. I.e., cesium, lithium, potas­ C. Copper sium, rubidium, and sodium (see part 2A of sched­ D. Aluminum ule 4); or E. Nickel (lii) certain articles and parts thereof, of metal, F. Tin provided for in schedule 7 and elsewhere. G. Lead 2. For the purposes of the tariff schedules, unless the H. Zinc context requires otherwise — J. Beryllium, Columbium, Germanium, Hafnium, (a) the term "precious metal" embraces gold, silver, Indium, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Rhenium, platinum and other metals of the platinum group (iridium, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium), and precious- and Zirconium metaI a Iloys; K, Other Base Metals (b) the term "base metal" embraces aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, columbium, copper, gallium, germanium, Part 3 Metal Products hafnium, indium, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, A. Metallic Containers molybdenum, nickel, rhenium, the rare-earth metals (Including B. Wire Cordage; Wire Screen, Netting and scandium and yttrium), selenium, silicon, strontium, tantalum, Fencing; Bale Ties tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, urani­ C. Metal Leaf and FoU; Metallics um, vanadium, zinc, and zirconium, and base-metal alloys; D, Nails, Screws, Bolts, and Other Fasteners; (c) the term "meta I" embraces precious metals, base Locks, Builders' Hardware; Furniture, metals, and their alloys; and Luggage, and Saddlery Hardware (d) in determining which of two or more equally specific provisions for articles "of iron or steel", "of copper", E.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibacterial Property and Biocompatibility of Silver, Copper, and Zinc in Titanium Dioxide Layers Incorporated by One-Step Micro-Arc Oxidation: a Review
    antibiotics Review Antibacterial Property and Biocompatibility of Silver, Copper, and Zinc in Titanium Dioxide Layers Incorporated by One-Step Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review Masaya Shimabukuro Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; [email protected]; Tel.: +81-92-642-6346 Received: 3 October 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 20 October 2020 Abstract: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are commonly used in medical devices. However, biomaterial-associated infections such as peri-implantitis and prosthetic joint infections are devastating and threatening complications for patients, dentists, and orthopedists and are easily developed on titanium surfaces. Therefore, this review focuses on the formation of biofilms on implant surfaces, which is the main cause of infections, and one-step micro-arc oxidation (MAO) as a coating technology that can be expected to prevent infections due to the implant. Many researchers have provided sufficient data to prove the efficacy of MAO for preventing the initial stages of biofilm formation on implant surfaces. Silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are well used and are incorporated into the Ti surface by MAO. In this review, the antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, and durability of these elements on the Ti surface incorporated by one-step MAO will be summarized. This review is aimed at enhancing the importance of the quantitative control of Ag, Cu, and Zn for their use in implant surfaces and the significance of the biodegradation behavior of these elements for the development of antibacterial properties. Keywords: titanium; biofilm; infection; micro-arc oxidation; silver; copper; zinc; antibacterial properties; coating; implant 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Titanium Alloy Data Sheet
    M Titanium Alloy Data Sheet Description Titanium equipment is often used in severe corrosive environments encountered in the chemical processing industries. Titanium has been considered an exotic “wonder metal” by many. This was particularly true in reference to castings. However, increasing demands and rapidly advancing technology have permitted titanium castings to be commercially available at an economical cost. The combination of its cost, strength, corrosion resistance, and service life in very demanding corrosive environments suggest its selection in applications where titanium castings have never been considered in the past. Specifications Flowserve’s commercially pure titanium (C.P.-Ti) castings conform to ASTM Specification B367, Grade C-3. Flowserve’s palladium stabilized titanium (Ti-Pd) castings conform to Grade Ti-Pd 8A. Composition C.P.-Ti (C-3) Ti-Pd (8A) Element Percent Percent Nitrogen 0.05 max. 0.05 max. Carbon 0.10 max. 0.10 max. Hydrogen 0.015 max. 0.015 max. Iron 0.25 max. 0.25 max. Oxygen 0.40 max. 0.40 max. Titanium Remainder Remainder Palladium –– 0.12 min. Minimum C.P.-Ti (C-3) & Mechanical Ti-Pd (8A) and Physical Tensile Strength, psi 65,000 Properties MPa 448 Yield Strength, psi 55,000 MPa 379 Elongation, % in 1" (25 mm), min. 12 Brinell Hardness, 3000 kg, max. 235 Modulus of Elasticity, psi 15.5 x 106 MPa 107,000 Coefficient of Expansion, in/in/°F@ 68-800°F 5.5 x 10-6 m/m/°C @ 20-427°C 9.9 x 10-6 Thermal Conductivity, Btu/hr/ft/ft2/°F @ 400° 9.8 WATTS/METER-KELVIN @ 204°C 17 Density lb/cu in 0.136 kg/m3 3760 Melting Point, °F (approx.) 3035 °C 1668 Titanium Alloy Data Sheet (continued) Corrosion The outstanding mechanical and physical properties of titanium, combined with its Resistance unexpected corrosion resistance in many environments, makes it an excellent choice for particularly aggressive environments like wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium and calcium hypochlorite, chlorinated brines, chloride salt solutions, nitric acid, chromic acid, and hydrobromic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Platinum/Palladium Process
    9 The Platinum/Palladium Process OVERVIEW AND EXPECTATIONS In the majority of the classes and workshops that I’ve taught over the years, “the platinum/palladium process” is the answer that surfaces first when I ask the question, “What process do you want to learn the most?” In this chapter you will learn how, and, as in previous chapters, I begin with a little history. Then you will learn the chemistry and sequence of the various stages to a finished print. This chapter gives you alternatives to traditional platinum/palladium chemistry and provides you with a simple sensitizer “drop chart” that is based on the type of negative you are working with, rather than the print you would like to make. I also provide the beginnings of a trouble-shooting list to assist in hunting down problems that may be showing up in your work. Finally, you’ll get some brief alternative ideas for combining platinum/palladium with other techniques such as Van Dyke and gum bichromate. A LITTLE HISTORY Like most refined non-silver and alternative photographic processes, the art of platinum/palladium printing was developed in pieces over time by a number of dedicated artists and scientists. In 1830, Ferdinand Gehlen recorded the action and effects of light on platinum chloride, noting that UV light would alter the color of platinum salts and cause the ferric salts to precipitate out into a ferrous state. At around the same time, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780–1849) observed the decomposition of ferric oxalate on exposure to UV light and scientifically defined its sensitivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Invictus Catalog Lowres.Pdf
    At Invictus Body Jewelry we believe that professional piercers and body modifi cation artists desire high quality, implant grade jewelry at a reasonable price. To accomplish this, we designed and developed Invictus Body Jewelry to supply implant grade titanium jewelry to professional piercers all over the world. Invictus Body Jewelry is manufactured out of Ti 6Al-4V ELI ASTM F-136 implant grade titanium. All of our jewelry is internally threaded and adheres to industry standard thread patterns. At Invictus Body Jewelry we strive to provide the professional piercer with safe, customizable, and affordable implant grade jewelry. 2 www.invictusbodyjewelry.com Invictus Body Jewelry is manufactured only using implant grade materials - Ti 6Al-4V ELI ASTM-F136. All Invictus Body Jewelry products are internally threaded for professional piercers and their clients. Invictus Body Jewelry uses industry standard thread patterns. We use M1.2 threading on our 14ga and M0.9 threading on our 16ga & 18ga. We believe in providing quality piercing products at reasonable prices to our customers. We fulfi ll orders within 24 to 48 hours from being entered into the system. Invictus Body Jewelry is only available to wholesale customers. Only piercing shops and retailers may purchase our products, not the general public. 203.803.1129 3 HORSESHOES & CURVES TIHI (Internally Threaded Titanium Horseshoes) TICI (Internally Threaded Titanium Curves) CodeSizeDiameter Ends Code Size Diameter Ends TIHI601 16g 1/4” 3mm TIHI411 14g 5/16” 4mm TIHI611 16g 5/16” 3mm TIHI421
    [Show full text]
  • THE USE of MIXED MEDIA in the PRODUCTION of METAL ART by Mensah, Emmanuel (B.A. Industrial Art, Metals)
    THE USE OF MIXED MEDIA IN THE PRODUCTION OF METAL ART By Mensah, Emmanuel (B.A. Industrial Art, Metals) A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS (ART EDUCATION) Faculty of Art, College of Art and Social Sciences March 2011 © 2011, Department of General Art Studies DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work toward the M.A Art Education degree and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no materials previously published by another person or material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the university, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. ……………………………….. ……………………………….. ………………………….. Student’s name & ID Signature Date Certified by ……………………………….. ……………………………….. ………………………….. Supervisor’s Name Signature Date Certified by ……………………………….. ……………………………….. ………………………….. Head of Department’s Name Signature Date ii ABSTRACT The focus of this study was to explore and incorporate various artistic and non artistic media into the production of metal art. The researcher was particularly interested in integrating more non metallic materials that are not traditional to the production of metal art in the decoration, finishing and the protective coating of metal art works. Basic hand forming techniques including raising, chasing and repoussé, piercing and soldering were employed in the execution of the works. Other techniques such as painting, dyeing and macramé were also used. Non metallic media that were used in the production of the works included leather, nail polish, acrylic paint, epoxy, formica glue, graphite, eye pencil, lagging, foam, wood, shoe polish, shoe lace, eggshell paper, spray paint, cotton cords and correction fluid.
    [Show full text]
  • Raymond & Leigh Danielle Austin
    PRODUCT TRENDS, BUSINESS TIPS, NATIONAL TONGUE PIERCING DAY & INSTAGRAM FAVS Metal Mafia PIERCER SPOTLIGHT: RAYMOND & LEIGH DANIELLE AUSTIN of BODY JEWEL WITH 8 LOCATIONS ACROSS OHIO STATE Friday, August 14th is NATIONAL TONGUE PIERCING DAY! #nationaltonguepiercingday #nationalpiercingholidays #metalmafialove 14G Titanium Barbell W/ Semi Precious Stone Disc Internally Threaded Starting At $7.54 - TBRI14-CD Threadless Starting At $9.80 - TTBR14-CD 14G Titanium Barbell W/ Swarovski Gem Disc Internally Threaded Starting At $5.60 - TBRI14-GD Threadless Starting At $8.80 - TTBR14-GD @fallenangelokc @holepuncher213 Fallen Angel Tattoo & Body Piercing 14G Titanium Barbell W/ Dome Top 14G Titanium Barbell W/ Dome Top 14G ASTM F-67 Titanium Barbell Assortment Internally Threaded Starting At $5.46 - TBRI14-DM Internally Threaded Starting At $5.46 - TBRI14-DM Starting At $17.55 - ATBRE- Threadless Starting At $8.80 - TTBR14-DM Threadless Starting At $8.80 - TTBR14-DM 14G Threaded Barbell W Plain Balls 14G Steel Internally Threaded Barbell W Gem Balls Steel External Starting At $0.28 - SBRE14- 24 Piece Assortment Pack $58.00 - ASBRI145/85 Steel Internal Starting At $1.90 - SBRI14- @the.stabbing.russian Titanium Internal Starting At $5.40 - TBRI14- Read Street Tattoo Parlour ANODIZE ANY ASTM F-136 TITANIUM ITEM IN-HOUSE FOR JUST 30¢ EXTRA PER PIECE! Blue (BL) Bronze (BR) Blurple Dark Blue (DB) Dark Purple (DP) Golden (GO) Light Blue (LB) Light Purple (LP) Pink (PK) Purple (PR) Rosey Gold (RG) Yellow(YW) (Blue-Purple) (BP) 2 COPYRIGHT METAL MAFIA 2020 COPYRIGHT METAL MAFIA 2020 3 CONTENTS Septum Clickers 05 AUGUST METAL MAFIA One trend that's not leaving for sure is the septum piercing.
    [Show full text]
  • Titanium Mineral Concentrates1
    TITANIUM MINERAL CONCENTRATES1 (Data in thousand metric tons of TiO2 content unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2020, one company was recovering ilmenite and rutile concentrates from its surface-mining operations near Nahunta, GA, and Starke, FL. A second company processed existing mineral sands mine tailings in Florida and South Carolina. Based on reported data through October 2020, the estimated value of titanium mineral and synthetic concentrates imported into the United States was $520 million. Abrasive sands, monazite, and zircon were coproducts of domestic mining operations. About 90% of titanium mineral concentrates were consumed by domestic titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment producers. The remaining 10% was used in welding-rod coatings and for manufacturing carbides, chemicals, and titanium metal. Salient Statistics—United States: 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e Production2 100 100 100 100 100 Imports for consumption 1,020 1,170 1,100 1,160 780 Exports, all formse 5 6 32 8 19 Consumption, apparent3 1,100 1,300 1,200 1,300 900 Price, dollars per metric ton: 4 Rutile, bulk, minimum 95% TiO2, f.o.b. Australia 740 740 1,025 1,125 1,200 4 Ilmenite, bulk, minimum 54% TiO2, f.o.b. Australia 105 173 NA NA NA Ilmenite, import 142 172 219 186 210 5 Slag, 80%–95% TiO2 612–682 621–700 699–738 742–897 640–1,020 Employment, mine and mill, number 155 286 299 310 260 Net import reliance6 as a percentage of apparent consumption 91 92 91 92 88 Recycling: None. Import Sources (2016–19): South Africa, 39%; Australia, 20%; Madagascar, 10%; Mozambique, 9%; and other, 22%.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrosion of Titanium Implants and Connected Prosthetic Alloys Using Lactic Acid Immersion Test
    Journal of Dental Health, Oral Disorders & Therapy Research Article Open Access Corrosion of titanium implants and connected prosthetic alloys using lactic acid immersion test Abstract Volume 11 Issue 3 - 2020 Background/purpose: Combination of dental titanium implants with other Wilhelm Niedermeier,1 Katrin Huesker2 prosthetic metallic components may lead to metal ion release that increases 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School for Dental and the risk of adverse reactions in patients. The present study therefore aimed to Oral Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany determine in vitro metal ion dissolution from different alloy combinations. 2Department of Immuno-Toxicology, Institute for Medical Materials and methods: Dental alloys were subjected to a lactic acid immersion Diagnostics (IMD), Germany test together with titanium implants and matched with controls. Between day Correspondence: Wilhelm Niedermeier, School for Dental 1 and 38, open direct current potentials (DCP) between the samples and the and Oral Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. electrolyte were recorded and metal dissociation inside the electrolyte was 32, D-50931 Cologne, Germany, Tel +4922147896746, Fax assessed using ICP-MS. +4922147896756, Email Results: Absolute DCPs of the different alloys increased significantly (p<0.001) Received: June 06, 2020 | Published: June 23, 2020 from 100-150mV to 490-580 mV within the first two weeks of immersion, dropping to about 450mV later on largely independent of the material. Titanium showed highest dissociation rates (2.00-12.06µg/cm2 per day; p=0.0002); all other components demonstrated poor corrosive dissolution (<0.6µg/cm2 per day). After immersion of 38 days, titanium still yielded high dissociation (0.64-1.38µg/ cm2 per day) for all test groups.
    [Show full text]