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Laboratoire De Botanique Et D'écologie Végétales Appliquées RECENSEMENT DU PATRIMOINE BOTANIQUE DES AIRES PROTEGÉES TERRESTRES DE LA PROVINCE SUD RAPPORT INTERMÉDIAIRE SYNTHÈSE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE Forêt d’altitude de la réserve spéciale botanique du Mont Humboldt (2005) Laboratoire de Botanique et d’Écologie Végétales Appliquées L. Barrabé, F. Rigault, G. Dagostini, J. Munzinger Rapport de Convention DENV Province Sud Convention n° 125-06. Nouméa, Juin 2007 Institut de recherche pour le développement Remerciements...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 I. Présentation des réserves....................................................................................................................... 4 1. Situation géographique et écologique................................................................................................. 4 2. Aspects réglementaires, législatifs et historiques ............................................................................... 7 a. Réglementation.............................................................................................................................. 7 b. Création et mise en place des réserves......................................................................................... 8 c. Impacts éventuels sur les réserves.............................................................................................. 10 II. Méthodologie ......................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Recueil de données .......................................................................................................................... 13 a. Création d’une base de données sous Access « Réserves du Sud ».......................................... 13 b. Les carnets de récoltes ................................................................................................................ 14 c. La Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances..................................................................... 14 d. Les autres publications scientifiques et taxonomiques................................................................. 14 e. Les bases de données sur le Web............................................................................................... 15 f. La base de données « Virot » ...................................................................................................... 15 g. L’herbier de l’IRD de Nouméa...................................................................................................... 15 2. Difficultés rencontrées et limites de l’étude....................................................................................... 16 a. Groupes taxonomiques en cours de révision............................................................................... 16 b. Groupes taxonomiques difficiles .................................................................................................. 16 c. Spécimens non identifiés ............................................................................................................. 16 d. Noms de localités......................................................................................................................... 16 III. Résultats........................................................................................................................................... 17 1. Prospection et connaissance ............................................................................................................ 17 a. Résultats généraux ...................................................................................................................... 17 b. Campagnes de prospection ......................................................................................................... 18 c. Contexte saisonnier...................................................................................................................... 19 d. Etudes écologiques...................................................................................................................... 19 e. Etudes cartographiques ............................................................................................................... 20 2. Les espèces recensées .................................................................................................................... 20 a. Liste floristique générale .............................................................................................................. 20 b. Statuts UICN ................................................................................................................................ 20 c. Microendémisme.......................................................................................................................... 21 d. Espèces patrimoniales ................................................................................................................. 22 IV. Orientation future du travail............................................................................................................... 23 1. Données floristiques ......................................................................................................................... 23 a. Terrains d’étude : Inventaires floristiques..................................................................................... 23 b. Calcul d’indices de diversité......................................................................................................... 25 c. Indicateurs de dégradation........................................................................................................... 25 d. Espèces rares et patrimoniales.................................................................................................... 25 e. Données additionnelles................................................................................................................ 25 f. Fragmentation forestière .............................................................................................................. 26 2. Gestion des relevés floristiques ........................................................................................................ 26 a. Recensement des espèces identifiées lors de relevés................................................................. 26 b. Caractéristiques de chaque relevé............................................................................................... 27 3. Cartographie des formations végétales ............................................................................................ 27 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 Webographie........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Bibliographie ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Annexe 1 : Prospection botanique des aires protégées terrestres (4 pages) Annexe 2 : Microendémisme des aires protégées terrestres (2 pages) Annexe 3 : Liste floristique des aires protégées terrestres (48 pages) 2 Remerciements Nous remercions vivement tous les membres du laboratoire de Botanique, pour leur assistance dans la concrétisation de ce projet. Tanguy Jaffré pour ses connaissances, sa réflexion sur la problématique posée et ses apports quant à la structuration du rapport. William Nigote, Jacqueline Fambart-Tinel, Romain Barrière, David Kurpisz et Yohan Pillon pour leur aide technique lors des campagnes de prospection et durant les travaux d’identification à l’herbier. 3 Introduction La Province Sud de la Nouvelle-Calédonie comporte actuellement 23 périmètres terrestres classés comme aires protégées, d’une superficie totale de 43 126 ha. Ces aires ont été incluses dans l’étude « Recensement du patrimoine botanique des aires protégées terrestres », selon la convention n° C.125-06. Ce rapport intermédiaire a pour objet d’effectuer la synthèse de données préexistantes et d’établir une première liste floristique (phanérogames et ptéridophytes) de chaque aire protégée terrestre de la Province Sud. Les résultats obtenus et les conclusions émises permettront l’établissement d’un plan futur d’orientation du travail à venir (campagnes de terrain, récoltes, identifications d’espèces). I. Présentation des réserves 1. Situation géographique et écologique Les 23 réserves étudiées sont les suivantes : Cap N’Dua, Chutes de la Madeleine, Fausse Yaté, Forêt Cachée, Forêt de Sailles, Forêt Nord, Haute Pourina, Haute Yaté, Ilot Leprédour, Kouakoué-Ni, Mont Do, Mont Humboldt, Mont Mou, Montagne des Sources, Nodéla, Ouen Toro, Parc zoologique et forestier de Montravel, Pic du Grand Kaori, Pic du Pin, Pic Ninga, Rivière Bleue, Thy, Yaté Barrage. Un dernier périmètre situé aux alentours du Col d’Amieu est inclus dans l’étude car il devrait être prochainement classé en tant que Parc Provincial sous l’appellation de « Parc des Grandes Fougères ». Une carte de situation, élaborée à partir du logiciel de SIG ArcGis, permet de les localiser (figure
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