Grant # 7579-04 –Progress report

Results from the Inventory of the Kouakoué Massif,

Jérôme Munzinger1 (PI), Gordon McPherson2 and Porter P. Lowry II2, 3

1. Laboratoire de Botanique (NOU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, P.B. A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia 2. Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. 3. Département de Systématique et Evolution, Phanérogamie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.

Abstract –During two years the little-known Kouakoué Massif was explored by a team of seven botanists and five students. Nine hundred sixty-six collections of vascular were made, of which three-quarters have thus far been identified to species. Earlier collections have also been taken into account in order to summarize botanical knowledge of this mountain. As a result, 591 vascular taxa are now known from the massif, of which 284 have been brought to light by the present inventory. Of the new species thus far discovered, several have been published or are in press. Some particularly rare species have been observed, several of which had not previously been known from this mountain. The first bryological data for the region, as well as the first information concerning the bee fauna, have been gathered.

Background Since this massif is extremely difficult  of access, and has very little water available on

The Kouakoué Massif has been its higher slopes, it was necessary to make rather identified by the authorities of the Southern lengthy fieldtrips (at least one week long) and to Province as a site possibly to be recognized as a develop a significant support system. UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. This isolated and mountainous zone is mostly covered by maquis and forest on ultramafic terrain, and could harbor nearly half the indigenous vegetation of New Caledoinia. However, it has been visited by very few botanists, and very little information is currently available on the plants present on this site. In order to justify an eventual classification as a Biosphere Reserve, a detailed floristic inventory taking into account the specific diversity and level of endemism of these plants is needed. This inventory project was therefore undertaken, with the first fieldtrip taking place in Base camp, Kouakoué, 1260 m, April 2006 (Photo P. 2002, financed by the MacArthur Foundation Lowry), a misty dawn after a cold night. and conducted in collaboration with the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris.

1 The abundance of huge blocks of rock • Marc Pignal, MNHN, Paris, France (MP), also made hiking extremely difficult. • Jean-Noël Labat, MNHN, Paris, France (JNL), • Elisabeth Brown, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney (EB), • Myriam Gaudeul, MNHN, Paris, France (MG).

Students: • Thomas Le Borgne, (former) student at the University of New Caledonia (TL), • Anaїs Oddi, (former) student at the University of New Caledonia (AO), • Frédéric Tronchet, graduate student at MNHN (FT), High altitude maquis, with blocks of peridotite (Photo • Arnaud Mouly, (former) graduate student at P. Lowry) MNHN (AM),

The Southern Province contributed very • Yohan Pillon, graduate student at the significantly to the successful accomplishment of University of New Caledonia (YP). the project by providing helicopter transport for several fieldtrips. •• • Summary of earlier collecting work A systematic search for specimens collected by earlier botanists has been completed, based on the herbarium of Nouméa (NOU), the fieldbooks deposited at NOU, and on the available literature.

•• • Collecting Methods Three approaches have been used in this study:

-a general collection, in which the individuals observed in flower or fruit along various routes Helicopter of the Southern Province (Photo P. Lowry) are collected

This support by the Southern Province -the establishment of transects, using Cottam and permited us to enlarge the inventory to include Curtis (1956) method, in which transects have the bryophytes, very little studied in New been made perpendicularly to the slope. Lines Caledonia. Elisabeth Brown, bryologist at the are thus traced, and a point marked every 20 m. Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney, was invited to From each point, the space is divided into four join the team, and her presence has resulted in squares, and in each square the nearest with the very first bryological data from the massif. a diameter greater than 10 cm is marked with a forester’s label and is identified. •• • Participants:  Researchers: Tagging of individuals for • Jérôme Munzinger, Institut de Recherche pour later restudy (Photo J. le Développement, Nouméa, New Caledonia Munzinger) (JM), • Pete Lowry, Missouri Botanical Garden, Museum Nat. Hist. Naturelle, Paris, France (PL), • Gordon McPherson, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, USA (GM),

2 -the setting-up of 400m square plots (20 x 20m), -the specimens were collected, whenever it was inside which all the of a diameter greater possible, with several duplicates, and deposited than 5 cm at breast height have been tagged and in these herbaria in the following order: NOU, P, identified. This system of plots will be MO, with the fourth duplicate being sent to the completed in the near future with new plots at specialist in the 600 and 900 m, with the aim of establishing an taxonomic group altitudinal gradient on this ultramafic massif. concerned. Some This will enable comparisions to be made with samples in silica an identical system of plots already in place on gel were taken the Panié Massif (northeastern New Caledonia, from species that had on metamorphic rock), as well as with the plots not yet been included in set up in the valley of the Pénaorou, on the island molecular phylogenetic of Santo in Vanuatu during the Santo2006 studies. expedition.

Pressing collected material (Photo, M. Gaudeul).

•• • Fieldtrip Outline

Number of Dates Locality Participants Transport Collections Oct. 2002 Kouakoué,1300m JM, FT, TL, AO Helicopter 199

Nov. 2003 Upper Ni River GM, AM Vehicle 154

Apr-May 2004 Upper Ni River JM, PL, MP Vehicle 245

Oct. 2004 Upper Ni River JM, GM Vehicle 55

Nov. 2004 Kouakoué,1100m JM, GM, JNL Helicopter 142

Apr. 2006 Kouakoué,1300m GM, MG, EB, YP Helicopter 89

May 2006 Kouakoué,1300m JM, PL, GM, EB, MG Helicopter 82

Total 966

3 •• • Results

o Phanerogams During these seven fieldtrips, 966 collections were made, corresponding to 492 taxa (this figure fluctuates as the identification of the specimens continues). This includes 190 taxa identified only to level, 46 only to family level, and 1 not assigned to family. At the date of writing this report, 75.5% of the material has been identified to the species level. Of these 492 taxa, 284 have not previously been collected on the Kouakoué Massif. The total number of taxa for Kouakoué is 591 (older collections + the present ones).

New or probably new taxa Elaeocarpus tremulus (Tirel & McPherson, 2006) dickisonii Pillon & Hopkins ined. (): this very pretty plant, identified as new by Y. Pillon and H. Hopkins, has been collected on two occasions, at 1100 and 1300 m. It is also present on the Humboldt Massif (Pillon & Munzinger pers. obs.). The species is in the process of being described (Pillon, Hopkins & Bradford, in press).

Elaeocarpus tremulus (Photo J. Munzinger)

Gastrolepis alticola Munzinger, McPherson & Lowry ined. (): the genus Gastrolepis, endemic to New Caledonia, formerly included only one species (Villiers, 1980). Several collections made during this Cunonia dickisonii ined. (Photo J. Munzinger) project have permitted us to identify a second species, which had already been collected on Elaeocarpus tremulus Tirel & McPherson this massif as well as on Montagne des (Elaeocarpaceae): this tree was collected for Sources, but which had been incorrectly the first time, in flower, during one of the early identified as G. austrocaledonica. This new fieldtrips of this inventory. The plant is species is in the process of being described common in the Ni valley, but has also been (Munzinger et al., accepted). seen on the southern flank of the Kouakoué Massif. A collection in fruit made in early 2005 completed the material necessary for describing the new species (Tirel & McPherson, 2006).

4 Gastrolepis alticola Munzinger, McPherson & Piliocalyx sp. (Photo P. Lowry) Lowry ined. (Photo P. Lowry) Rapanea “munzingeri” sp. nov. ined. Grammitis cf. sp. nov. (Grammitidaceae): the (Myrsinaceae): this species, studied by M. various fieldtrips have permitted the Schmid (MNHN), seems to be undescribed. It documentation of all three species of has been encountered three times within the Grammitis known from New Caledonia study area, and is not known elsewhere. (Brownlie, 1969), to which can be added this taxon, which is very likely new, according to Sebertia cf. sp. nov.: this tree with blue sap G. Rouhan (pteridologist at MNHN). A single was found sterile once in 2002. The very individual of this species was observed, despite revolute leaves distinguish it from Sebertia careful searches on subsequent fieldtrips. acuminata. Molecular studies also show some differences (Bartish, Swenson, Munzinger & Anderberg, 2005; Swenson, Bartish & Munzinger, 2007). Flowers have been collected during the last fieldtrip and are currently being studied.

Grammitis cf. sp. nov. the only collection known. Sebertia sp. (Photo M. Gaudeul)

Meryta cf. sp. nov. (): observed in Sapotaceae gen.? et sp. nov. (Munzinger sterile condition only, in dense forest near 1717): this Sapotaceae is known from only two 1200 m, does not seem to match any known localities, the Sailles Forest and the Kouakoué species in the genus. Massif. It has only been collected with old, spent flowers and has not proven identifiable, Piliocalyx sp. nov. (): since this despite the revision of the family currently genus is currently being studied and the underway (J. Munzinger, IRD Nouméa and U. Nouméa specimens are on loan to the Swenson , Stockholm Museum). specialist, it is not possible to give the distribution of this species. Tarenna cf. sp. nov. (Rubiaceae): a potentially new species of this genus is presently under study by A. Mouly at the MNHN.

5 Species formerly misplaced Cunonia alticola Guillaumin (Cunoniaceae): this species is known from a few individual Several individuals of a species of the genus plants isolated in four localities, Mt. Mou, Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae) posed a Montagne des Sources, Kouakoué, and problem of identification, and after Dzumac. consultation with the specialist C. Tirel (MNHN), it became evident that they represent Cunonia pseudoverticillata Guillaumin Elaeocarpus combouiensis Guillaumin. This (Cunoniaceae): known from only Montagne species had been considered doubtfully des Sources and Kouakoué. distinct, and had been placed in synonymy (Tirel, 1982) under E. alaternoides. However, the new material collected as part of this project has permitted the confirmation of the distinctness of Elaeocarpus combouiensis.

Cunonia pseudoverticillata (Photo P. Lowry)

Cunonia rotundifolia Danikër (Cunoniaceae): known from only Mt. Humboldt and the Kouakoué (Bradford & Jaffré), 2004). Elaeocarpus combouiensis (Photo of P. Lowry)

Notable species

Beauprea congesta Virot (Proteaceae): this species had been known from only the Humboldt Massif (Bradford & Jaffré, 2004), and thus the Kouakoué is the second locality recorded.

Bikkia pachyphylla Guillaumin (Rubiaceae): Cunonia rotundifolia (Photo J. Munzinger) this species is known only from the high altitude maquis of Montagne des Sources and Dubouzetia guillauminii Virot the Kouakoué Massif. (Elaeocarpaceae): this species is recorded from only the Humboldt and Kouakoué Massifs, and has been seen several times during this study at elevations above 1100 m.

Bikkia pachyphylla (Photo P. Lowry)

Dubouzetia guillauminii (Photo P. Lowry)

6 Hibbertia nana Däniker (Dilleniaceae): this high altitude species is known only from Montagne des Sources, Humboldt, Kouakoué, and the ridge between the Tontouta and the Ouenghi Rivers.

Logania imbricata (Photo J. Munzinger)

Metrosideros tetrasticha Guillaumin (Myrtaceae): this species is known from only the Humboldt and Kouakoué Massifs Hibbertia nana (Photo M. Gaudeul) (Dawson, 1992).

Eugenia myrtopsidoides Guillaumin (Myrtaceae): this little-known species was described from Montagne des Sources and Pic de la Sunshine (Guillaumin, 1962), and thus the Kouakoué Massif is a new locality.

Metrosideros tetrasticha (Photo J. Munzinger)

Pancheria humboldtiana Guillaumin (Cunoniaceae): documented from only Humboldt and Kouakoué (Bradford & Jaffré, 2004). Eugenia myrtopsidoides (Photo J. Munzinger)

Litsea neocaledonica Moore (Lauraceae): this rare species is known from only four localities, Humboldt, Koghis, Canala and Dogny (Kostermans, 1974).

Logania imbricata (Guillaumin) Steenis & Leenh. (Loganiaceae): this species, classified as Endangered (EN) (Jaffré, Bouchet & Veillon, 1998), is known only from the Humboldt Massif, and thus Kouakoué is the Pancheria humboldtiana (Photo J. Munzinger) second locality recorded. Pancheria robusta Guillaumin (Cunoniaceae): this species is known from only three sites, Montagne des Sources, the upper Thy Valley, and Kouakoué.

7 stations in the south (Kouakoué, Humboldt, Montagne des Sources, Haute Ouinnée).

Pancheria robusta (Photo P. Lowry)

Pancheria multijuga Guillaumin Tieghemopanax weinmanniae (Photo J. Munzinger) (Cunoniaceae): known from three localities, Montagnes des Sources, Kouakoué, and paitensis Schltr. (Cunoniaceae): Humboldt. known from four localities, Mt Mou, Aoupinié, Kouakoué, Humboldt. Platyspermation crassifolium Guillaumin (Escalloniaceae): known from only the high Zygogynum tieghemii Vink ssp. tieghemii altitude maquis of Humboldt-Nekando, (Winteraceae): previously known from four Kouakoué, and Montagne des Sources. localities, with Kouakoué being a new station for this subspecies. The species is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the criteria of the IUCN (Jaffré et al, 1998).

Platyspermation crassifolium (Photo J. Munzinger)

Schefflera emiliana Baill. (Araliaceae): known from only Kouakoué and Humboldt, Zygogynum tieghemii ssp. tieghemii (Photo P. and limited to the high altitude maquis above Lowry). 1300 m. An interesting finding

Garnieria spathulaefolia (Brongn. & Gris) Brongn. & Gris (Proteaceae): the observation of this species in the upper Ni Valley (750 m) enlarges the distribution of a species that Virot (1968) assumed “not to exist on the highest southern mountains (Dzumacs, Humboldt)”.

Schefflera emiliana (Photo P. Lowry)

Tieghemopanax weinmanniae (Baill.) R. Viguier (Araliaceae): found only at a few

8 Macromitrium sp. (Photo P. Lowry) Garnieria spathulaefolia (Photo J. Munzinger)

o Bees o Bryophytes Fieldwork on this project provided the The bryophytes of New Caledonia are very opportunity to observe and capture a few bees, poorly known, with the early literature and notably at high elevations. The domesticated access to types often difficult. As a result, the honey bee is extremely abundant but no identification process is particularly lengthy specimens were taken. and several years will be needed to obtain names for all the collected specimens. However, this first investigation by a bryologist of the Kouakoué Massif has permitted the recognition of 52 species belonging to 46 genera. One new species, belonging to the genus Mnioloma (a very small hepatic) has been found. Unfortunately no photo was taken in the field of this species.

Mosses and hepatics observed on Kouakoué during the 2006 fieldtrips. Acrobolbus sp. Leucophanes sp. Apis mellifera, common throughout the island. Acrolejeunea sp. Macrocoma sp. (Photo J. Munzinger) Acromastigum sp. Macromitrium sp. Aneura sp. Mastigophora sp. In total, 24 specimens were captured, Austroschistochila sp. Metzgeria sp. representing 6 species, 3 of which are new to Balantiopsis sp. Mnioloma sp. nov. science. The identifications have been made Bazzania sp. Parisia ciliatus by Alain Pauly, of the Royal Institute of Bazzania deplanchei Pinnatella sp. Bazzania franciana Plagiochila sp. Natural Sciences, Belgium. The captured bees Campylopus sp. Pleurozia sp. comprise: Chiloscyphus sp. Porella sp. Dicranoloma sp. Psiloclada clandestina -Austronomia sichelii, an endemic species, Dicranoloma menziesii Ptychomnion aciculare probably the commonest in New Caledonia Distichophyllum sp. Radula sp. after the introduced domesticated bee, Apis Eurrhynchium sp. Rhizogonium sp. mellifera. Fissidens sp. Riccardia sp. Fossombronia sp. Riccardia filicina Frullania sp. Rosulabryum sp. Garovaglia sp. Schistochila sp. Heteroscyphus sp. Sematophyllum sp. Hypnodendron sp. Telaranea sp. Hypnum sp. Telaranea chaetophylla Kurzia sp. Tetracymbaliella sp. Lejeunea sp. Treubia sp. Lepidozia sp. Trichocolea sp. Leucobryum sp. Zoopsis sp.

9 Lasioglossum (new subgenus) sp. nov. (Photo A. Austronomia sichelii (Photo J. Munzinger) Pauly).

-Homalictus urbanus, a tiny bee with green metallic luster, common in places disturbed by Conclusion man, rarer in natural habitats. This inventory, while by no means exhaustive, has nevertheless made a major contribution to improving our knowledge of the Kouakoué massif. The results clearly show that Kouakoué is of exceptional interest and must be taken into consideration in the context of conserving high altitude maquis and the many rare species that occur only in this vegetation type.

A report including a list of the species documented during our inventory will be provided to the Environment Service of New Homalictus urbanus, on “heath” (Photo J. Munzinger) Caledonia's Southern Province.

-Homalictus sp. nov., a new species, one that we had not previously encountered but which References: had earlier been collected by B. Donovan, Barrabé L., Mouly A., Lowry II, P.P., entomologist at DSIR, New Zealand (pers. Munzinger J. in prep. A morphological comm.). phylogenetic study of Bikkia (Rubiaceae): polyphyly necessitates reinstatement of the endemic New Caledonian genus Thiollierea. -Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) polygoni, this Bartish IV, Swenson U, Munzinger J, and discreet species had previously been recorded Anderberg AA. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships from only two localities, Bourail and Prony among New Caledonian Sapotaceae (Ericales): (Pauly & Munzinger, 2003). molecular evidence for generic polyphyly and repeated dispersal. Am. J. Bot. 92: 667-673. -Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) sp. nov., this Bradford J, and Jaffré T. 2004. Plant species species, now in the process of being described, microendemism and conservation of montaine seems restricted to high elevation habitats, and maquis in New Caledonia: two new species of is localized on the southern massifs of the Pancheria (Cunoniaceae) from Roche Ouaïème. island: Kouakoué, Dzumacs, and the Sailles Biodiv. Conserv. 13: 2253-2273. Brownlie G. 1969. Ptéridophytes. In: Aubréville Forest. A, ed. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire -Lasioglossum (new subgenus) sp. nov., this Naturelle. 1-293. new species also represents a new subgenus. Cottam G, Curtis JT. 1956. The use of distance The only specimen known, a very unusual measurements in phytosociological sampling. parasitic bee was captured on the Kouakoué Ecology 37: 451-460. during this study.

10 Dawson JW. 1992. Myrtaceae - Leptospermoideae. In: Morat P and MacKee HS, eds. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 1-251. Guillaumin A. 1962. Résultats scientifiques de la mission Franco-Suisse de botanique en Nouvelle- Calédonie (1950-1952) II. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sér. B, Botanique 8: 193-330. Jaffré T, Bouchet P, and Veillon JM. 1998. Threatened plants of New Caledonia: Is the system of protected areas adequate? Biodiv. Conserv. 7: 107-135. Kostermans A. 1974. Lauracées. In: Aubréville A and Leroy J-F, eds. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 1-120. Munzinger J, McPherson G, Lowry II PP. accepted. A second species in the endemic New Caledonian genus Gastrolepis (Stemonuraceae) and its implications for the conservation status of high- altitude maquis vegetation. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society. Pauly A, and Munzinger J. 2003. Contribution à la connaissance des Hymenoptera Apoidea de Nouvelle-Calédonie et de leurs relations avec la flore butinée. Ann. Soc. Entom. Fr. 39: 153-166. Pillon Y, Hopkins HC, and Bradford JC. in press. Two new species of Cunonia (Cunoniaceae) from New Caledonia. Kew Bulletin. Swenson U, Bartish I, Munzinger J. 2007. Phylogeny, diagnostic characters, and generic limitation of Australasian Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae, Ericales): Evidence from ITS sequence data and morphology. Cladistics 23: 201- 228. Tirel C. 1982. Eléocarpacées. In: Aubréville A and Leroy J-F, eds. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 1-126. Tirel C, and McPherson G. 2006. Elaeocarpus tremulus Tirel & McPherson, nouvelle espèce d'Elaeocarpaceae de Nouvelle-Calédonie Adansonia, sér. 3 28: 137-141. Villiers J-F. 1980. Icacinacées. In: Aubréville A and Leroy J-F, eds. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 159-174. Vink W. 1993. Winteraceae. In: Morat P and MacKee HS, eds. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 90-171. Virot R. 1968. Protéacées. In: Aubréville A, ed. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 1- 254.

11 species observed during 2002-2006 missions on Kouakoué.

Alseuosmiaceae Periomphale balansae Celastraceae Menepetalum cassinoides Dilleniaceae Hibbertia baudouinii Alseuosmiaceae Periomphale sp. Celastraceae Menepetalum cf. balansae Dilleniaceae Hibbertia emarginata Anacacardiaceae Euroschinus Celastraceae Menepetalum schlechteri Dilleniaceae Hibbertia lucens rubromarginatus Celastraceae Menepetalum schlechteri Dilleniaceae Hibbertia nana Anacardiaceae Euroschinus sp. subsp. schlechteri Dilleniaceae Hibbertia pancheri Celastraceae Peripterygia marginata Dilleniaceae Hibbertia patula Apocynaceae Alstonia legouixiae Celastraceae Salaciopsis glomerata Dilleniaceae Hibbertia sp. Apocynaceae Alstonia sp. Chloranthaceae Ascarina rubricaulis Dilleniaceae Hibbertia trachyphylla Apocynaceae Alstonia vieillardii Arg. Chloranthaceae Ascarina solmsiana Dilleniaceae Hibbertia virotii Apocynaceae Alyxia hurlimannii Clusiaceae Calophyllum caledonicum Droseraceae Drosera neocaledonica Apocynaceae Alyxia sp. Clusiaceae Garcinia hennecartii Ebenaceae Diospyros macrocarpa Apocynaceae Artia balansae Clusiaceae Montrouziera sp. Elaeocarpaceae Dubouzetia campanulata Apocynaceae crebriflora Clusiaceae Montrouziera sphaeroidea Elaeocarpaceae Dubouzetia elegans Apocynaceae Parsonsia flexuosa Clusiaceae Montrouziera verticillata Elaeocarpaceae Dubouzetia guillauminii Apocynaceae Parsonsia macrophylla Cunoniaceae Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus baudouinii Apocynaceae Rauvolfia sp. Cunoniaceae Acsmithia elliptica Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus Aquifoliaceae Ilex sebertii Cunoniaceae Acsmithia meridionalis combouiensis Araliaceae Apiopetalum velutinum Cunoniaceae Acsmithia pubescens Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus dognyensis Araliaceae Arthrophyllum otopyrenum Cunoniaceae Codia discolor Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus gummatus Araliaceae Canacoschefflera Cunoniaceae Cunonia alticola Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pulchellus neocaledonica Cunoniaceae Cunonia atrorubens Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pulchellus Araliaceae Meryta balansae Cunoniaceae Cunonia balansae var. oreogena Araliaceae Meryta coriacea Cunoniaceae Cunonia bullata Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus seringii Araliaceae Meryta coriacea Cunoniaceae Cunonia lenormandii Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus sp. Araliaceae Meryta sp.Munz1696 Cunoniaceae Cunonia montana Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus tremulus Araliaceae Schefflera crassipes Cunoniaceae Cunonia pseudoverticillata Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus weibelianus Araliaceae Schefflera elongata Cunoniaceae Cunonia pterophylla Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus yateensis Araliaceae Schefflera emiliana Cunoniaceae Cunonia rotundifolia Ericaceae Dracophyllum alticola Araliaceae Schefflera gabriellae Cunoniaceae Cunonia sp. Ericaceae Dracophyllum balansae Araliaceae Schefflera neocaledonica Cunoniaceae Cunonia sp. nov. (dickisonii) Ericaceae Dracophyllum involucratum Araliaceae Schefflera reginae Cunoniaceae Cunonia vieillardii Ericaceae Dracophyllum ramosum Araliaceae Schefflera sp. Cunoniaceae Pancheria alaternoides Ericaceae Dracophyllum sp. Araliaceae Tieghemopanax bracteatus Cunoniaceae Pancheria calophylla Ericaceae Styphelia balansae Araliaceae Tieghemopanax dioicus Cunoniaceae Pancheria engleriana Ericaceae Styphelia coryphila Araliaceae Tieghemopanax pancheri Cunoniaceae Pancheria hirsuta Ericaceae Styphelia cymbulae Araliaceae Tieghemopanax sp. Cunoniaceae Pancheria humboldtiana Ericaceae Styphelia cymbulae "petites Araliaceae Tieghemopanax veillonii Cunoniaceae Pancheria multijuga fleurs" Araliaceae Tieghemopanax weinmanniae Cunoniaceae Pancheria robusta Ericaceae Styphelia macrocarpa var. Araucariaceae Agathis ovata Cunoniaceae Pancheria sebertii breviloba Araucariaceae Araucaria bernieri Cunoniaceae Pancheria sp. Ericaceae Styphelia sp. Araucariaceae Araucaria biramulata Cunoniaceae Weinmannia dichotoma Ericaceae Styphelia veillonii Araucariaceae Araucaria humboldtensis Cunoniaceae Weinmannia paitensis Escalloniaceae Argophyllum ellipticum Araucariaceae Araucaria laubenfelsii Cupressaceae Callitris neocaledonica Escalloniaceae Argophyllum sp. Arecaceae Basselinia deplanchei Cupressaceae Libocedrus austro- Escalloniaceae Platyspermation Arecaceae Basselinia gracilis caledonica crassifolium Arecaceae Basselinia sp. Cupressaceae Libocedrus chevalieri Escalloniaceae Quintinia resinosa Arecaceae Brongniartikentia vaginata Cyperaceae Baumea deplanchei Escalloniaceae Quintinia major Arecaceae Burretiokentia vieillardii Cyperaceae Costularia neocaledonica Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus brevipes Asclepiadaceae Leichardtia cf. billardieri Cyperaceae Costularia cf. xyridioides Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus carunculatus Asclepiadaceae Marsdenia ericoides Cyperaceae Costularia fragilis Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus cuneatus Atherospermataceae Nemuaron vieillardii Cyperaceae Costularia montis-fontium Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus ellipticus Balanopaceae Balanops balansae Cyperaceae Costularia nervosa Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus eugeniifolius Balanopaceae Balanops pancheri Cyperaceae Costularia setacea Euphorbiaceae Baloghia deplanchei Balanopaceae Balanops sparsifolia Cyperaceae Costularia sp. Euphorbiaceae Baloghia drimiflora Balanophoraceae Hachettea Cyperaceae Costularia sylvestris Euphorbiaceae Cocconerion minus austrocaledonica Cyperaceae Costularia xyrioides Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus aeneus var. Bignoniaceae Deplanchea speciosa Cyperaceae Gahnia novocaledonensis aeneus Campynemataceae Campynemanthe Cyperaceae Gahnia sinuosa Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus castus parva Cyperaceae Lepidosperma pauperum Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus vulcanii ? Campynemataceae Campynemanthe Cyperaceae Lepidosperma perteres Flacourtiaceae Lasiochlamys koghiense viridiflora Cyperaceae Lepidosperma sp. Flacourtiaceae Xylosma cf. nervosum Cardiopteridaceae Citronella sarmentosa Cyperaceae Schoenus caledonicus Flacourtiaceae Xylosma kaalense Casuarinaceae Casuarina sp. Cyperaceae Schoenus juvenis Flacourtiaceae Xylosma sp. Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma Cyperaceae Schoenus tendo var. triander Flindersiaceae Flindersia fournieri deplancheanum Cyperaceae Uncinia uncinata Gesneriaceae Coronanthera aspera Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma sp. Dilleniaceae Hibbertia altigena Gesneriaceae Coronanthera pancheri

12 Gesneriaceae Coronanthera sp. Myrtaceae Archirhodomyrtus vieillardii Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum longiflorum Gesneriaceae Coronanthera squamata Myrtaceae Austromyrtus pancheri Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum Goodeniaceae Scaevola balansae Myrtaceae Austromyrtus sp. neocaledonicum Goodeniaceae Scaevola cylindrica Myrtaceae Austromyrtus vieillardii Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum pallidiflorum Goodeniaceae Scaevola erosa Myrtaceae Babingtonia leratii Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum sp. Goodeniaceae Scaevola macropyrena Myrtaceae Carpolepis laurifolia var. Orchidaceae Calanthe balansae Goodeniaceae Scaevola sp. demonstrans Orchidaceae Chaemanthus sp. Hippocrateceae Myrtaceae Carpolepis laurifolia var. Orchidaceae Clematepistephium Hippocrateceae Dicarpellum pancheri laurifolia smilacifolium Hippocrateceae Dicarpellum sp. Myrtaceae Carpolepis tardiflora Orchidaceae Coilochilus neocaledonicus Icacinaceae Apodytes clusiifolia Myrtaceae Cloezia floribunda Orchidaceae Corybas neocaledonica Labiatae Oxera crassifolia Myrtaceae Eugenia myrtopsidoides Orchidaceae Dendrobium aff. closterium Labiatae Oxera macrocalyx subsp. Myrtaceae Eugenia sp. Orchidaceae Dendrobium chalandei macrocalyx Myrtaceae Eugenia stricta Orchidaceae Dendrobium crassicaule Labiatae Oxera neriifolia subsp. neriifolia Myrtaceae Gossia conspicua Orchidaceae Dendrobium finetianum Labiatae Oxera oreophila Myrtaceae Melaleuca buceana Orchidaceae Dendrobium macranthum Labiatae Oxera sp. Myrtaceae Metrosideros brevistylis Orchidaceae Dendrobium ngoyense Lauraceae Adenodaphne uniflora Myrtaceae Metrosideros dolichandra Orchidaceae Dendrobium odontochilum Lauraceae Beilschmiedia oreophila Myrtaceae Metrosideros engleriana Orchidaceae Dendrobium oppositifolium Lauraceae Cryptocarya aristata Myrtaceae Metrosideros humboltiana Orchidaceae Dendrobium pectinatum Lauraceae Cryptocarya cf. transervsa Myrtaceae Metrosideros microphylla Orchidaceae Dendrobium sarcochilus var. Lauraceae Cryptocarya gracilis vel aff. Myrtaceae Metrosideros operculata sarcochilus Lauraceae Cryptocarya guillauminii Myrtaceae Metrosideros operculata var. Orchidaceae Dendrobium sp. Lauraceae Cryptocarya transversa francii Orchidaceae Dendrobium sylvanum Lauraceae Endiandra aff. neocaledonica Myrtaceae Metrosideros porphyrea Orchidaceae Dendrobium viroti Lauraceae Endiandra baillonii Myrtaceae Metrosideros punctata Orchidaceae Earina deplanchei Lauraceae Endiandra sebertii Myrtaceae Metrosideros sp. Orchidaceae Eria caricouyensis Lauraceae Litsea miana Myrtaceae Metrosideros tetrasticha Orchidaceae Glossorhyncha macdonaldii Lauraceae Litsea neocaledonica Myrtaceae Myrtastrum rufopunctatum Orchidaceae Gonatostylis vieillardii Lauraceae Litsea triflora Myrtaceae Piliocalyx cf. "Mou" Orchidaceae Liparis cf. zosterops Leguminosae Archidendropsis granulosa Myrtaceae Pleurocalyptus pancheri Orchidaceae Liparis chalandei Liliaceae Astelia neocaledonia Myrtaceae Rhodamnia andromedoides Orchidaceae Liparis sp. Liliaceae Dianella revoluta Myrtaceae Rhodomyrtus locellata Orchidaceae Liparis sula Liliaceae Dianella sp. Myrtaceae Syzygium aff. coccineum Orchidaceae Malaxis taurina Linaceae Hugonia sp. Myrtaceae Syzygium baladense Orchidaceae Megastylis glandulosa Loganiaceae Geniostoma balanseanum Myrtaceae Syzygium brongniartii Orchidaceae Megastylis latilabris Loganiaceae Geniostoma sp. Myrtaceae Syzygium frutescens Orchidaceae Megastylis latissimus Loganiaceae Logania imbricata Myrtaceae Syzygium macranthum Orchidaceae Megastylis montana Loranthaceae Amyema scandens Myrtaceae Syzygium mouanum Orchidaceae Megastylis rara Malvaceae Acropogon dzumacensis Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulare Orchidaceae Microtatorchis schlechteri Malvaceae Acropogon sp. Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulare var. Orchidaceae Microtatorchis schlechteri Meliaceae Dysoxylum roseum quadrangulare var. productilis Monimiaceae Hedycarya parvifolia Myrtaceae Syzygium rhopalanthum Orchidaceae Orthoceras strictum Monimiaceae Hedycarya sp. Myrtaceae Syzygium tripetalum Orchidaceae Pachyplectron Moraceae Ficus nitidifolia Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis calobuxus neocaledonicum Moraceae Ficus sp. Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis guillainii Orchidaceae Phreatia pachyphylla Moraceae Sparattosyce dioica Myrtaceae Uromyrtus emarginatus Orchidaceae Phreatia sp. Myodocarpaceae "hybride" Myrtaceae Uromyrtus emos Orchidaceae Phreatia? Oberonia? Myodocarpaceae Myodocarpus Myrtaceae Uromyrtus sp. Orchidaceae Pristiglottis montana crassifolius Myrtaceae Uromyrtus sunshinensis Orchidaceae Pterostylis bureaviana Myodocarpaceae Myodocarpus gracilis Myrtaceae Xanthostemon sulfureus Orchidaceae Taeniophyllum fasciola Myodocarpaceae Myodocarpus Nepenthaceae Nepenthes vieillardii Orchidaceae Taeniophyllum trachypus involucratus Nothofagaceae Nothofagus aequilateralis Orchidaceae Thelymitra longifolia Myodocarpaceae Myodocarpus Nothofagaceae Nothofagus baumanniae Orchidaceae Thelymitra sp. lanceolatus Oleaceae Chionanthus brachystachys Pandanaceae Freycinetia sp. Myodocarpaceae Myodocarpus sp. Oleaceae Osmanthus austrocaledonicus Pandanaceae Pandanus altissimus Myricaceae Canacomyrica monticola var. crassifolius Pandanaceae Pandanus balansae Myrsinaceae Rapanea "munzingeri" Oleaceae Osmanthus monticola Pandanaceae Pandanus sp. Myrsinaceae Rapanea assymetrica Oleaceae Osmanthus sp. Phellinaceae Phelline sp. Myrsinaceae Rapanea diminuta Oncothecaceae Oncotheca humboltiana Phellinaceae Phelline lucida Myrsinaceae Rapanea macrocarpa Orchidaceae Acianthus atepalus Phellinaceae Phelline macrophylla Myrsinaceae Rapanea macrophylla Orchidaceae Acianthus cf. grandiflorus Piperaceae Piper sp. Myrsinaceae Rapanea microcarpa var. Orchidaceae Acianthus grandiflorus Pittosporaceae Pittosporum deplanchei pachyphylla Orchidaceae Acianthus heptadactylus Pittosporaceae Pittosporum dzumacense Myrsinaceae Rapanea modesta Orchidaceae Acianthus sp. Pittosporaceae Pittosporum koghiense Myrsinaceae Rapanea sp. Orchidaceae Acianthus tenuilabris Pittosporaceae Pittosporum oubatchense Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma deflexum Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum Pittosporaceae Pittosporum pronyense Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma sp. aphanopetalum Pittosporaceae Pittosporum kaalense Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma vestitum Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum betschii Pittosporaceae Pittosporum xanthanthum Myrtaceae Archirhodomyrtus turbinatus Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum ligulatum Poaceae Greslania circinata

13 Poaceae Greslania sp. Rhamnaceae Alphitonia neocaledonica Saxifragaceae Quintinia oreophila Podocarpaceae Acmopyle pancheri Rubiaceae Atractocarpus sp. Saxifragaceae Quintinia resinosa Podocarpaceae Dacrydium lycopodioides Rubiaceae Bikkia pachyphylla Saxifragaceae Quintinia sp. Podocarpaceae Falcatifolium taxoides Rubiaceae Caelospermum crassifolium Simaroubaceae Soulamea pancheri Podocarpaceae Parasitaxus usta Rubiaceae Caelospermum sp. Simaroubaceae Soulamea sp. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus decumbens Rubiaceae Guettarda heterosepala Simaroubaceae Soulamea trifoliata Podocarpaceae Podocarpus gnidioides Rubiaceae Guettarda sp. Smilacaceae Smilax sp. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus lucienii Rubiaceae Guettarda sp. D. ined. Solanaceae Duboisia myoporoides Podocarpaceae Podocarpus sylvestris Rubiaceae Ixora francii Sphenostemonaceae Sphenostemon Podocarpaceae Prumnopitys ferruginoides Rubiaceae Morinda sp. oppositifolius Podocarpaceae Retrophyllum comptonii Rubiaceae Morinda candollei Sphenostemonaceae Sphenostemon Proteaceae Beauprea congesta Rubiaceae Morinda collina pachycladus Proteaceae Beauprea montana Rubiaceae Morinda glaucescens Sphenostemonaceae Sphenostemon sp. Proteaceae Beauprea montis-fontium Rubiaceae Morinda kanalensis Stemonuraceae Gastrolepis Proteaceae Beauprea pancheri Rubiaceae Morinda sp. austrocaledonica Proteaceae Beauprea sp. Rubiaceae Normandia neocaledonica Stemonuraceae Gastrolepis alticola Proteaceae Beaupreopsis paniculata Rubiaceae Psychotria cf. rupicola sens. Strasburgeriaceae Strasburgeria robusta Proteaceae Garnieria spathulaefolia latu Symplocaceae Symplocos flavescens var. Proteaceae Grevillea exul Rubiaceae Psychotria douarrei flavescens Proteaceae Grevillea exul fa. rubuginosa Rubiaceae Psychotria gpe. collina Symplocaceae Symplocos montana var. Proteaceae Grevillea sp. Rubiaceae Psychotria oleoides munda Proteaceae Stenocarpus milnei Rubiaceae Psychotria rupicola Symplocaceae Symplocos sp. Proteaceae Stenocarpus trinervis Rubiaceae Psychotria sp. Taxaceae Austrotaxus spicata Proteaceae Stenocarpus umbelliferus Rubiaceae Randia pseudoterminalis Thymeleaceae Lethedon cernua Pteridophyta Rubiaceae Tarenna sp. Thymeleaceae Lethedon le-ratii Pteridophyta Asplenium sp. Rubiaceae Tarenna sp. nov. Thymeleaceae Lethedon sp. Pteridophyta Asplenium subflexuosum Rutaceae Boronella sp. Thymeleaceae Solmsia calophylla Pteridophyta Belvisia mucronata Rutaceae Comptonella baudouinii Thymeleaceae Wikstroemia indica Pteridophyta Blechnum contiguum Rutaceae Comptonella drupacea Ulmaceae Celtis hypoleuca Pteridophyta Blechnum sp. Rutaceae Comptonella lactea Agatea longipedicellata Pteridophyta Crepidomanes pallidum Rutaceae Comptonella lactea var. lactea Winteraceae Zygogynum baillonii Pteridophyta Crepidomanes saxifragoides Rutaceae Comptonella oreophila var. Winteraceae Zygogynum crassifolium Pteridophyta Ctenopteris blechnoides oreophila Winteraceae Zygogynum pancheri Pteridophyta Ctenopteris contigua Rutaceae Comptonella sessilifoliola Winteraceae Zygogynum pomiferum balansae Pteridophyta Ctenopteris lasiostipes Rutaceae Comptonella sp. Winteraceae Zygogynum sp. Pteridophyta Ctenopteris sp. Rutaceae Melicope glaberrima Winteraceae Zygogynum tieghemii Pteridophyta Cyathea albifrons Rutaceae Melicope vieillardii Winteraceae Zygogynum vieillardii Pteridophyta Cyathea cf. vieillardii Rutaceae Myrtopsis macrocarpa Xeronemataceae Xeronema moorei Pteridophyta Cyathea sp. Rutaceae Myrtopsis sp. Xyridaceae Xyris neocaledonica Pteridophyta Elaphoglossum sp. Rutaceae Neoschmidia pallida Xyridaceae Xyris sp. Pteridophyta Grammitis Munz. 1681 Rutaceae Sarcomelicope argyrophylla Pteridophyta Grammitis neocaledonica Rutaceae Sarcomelicope sp. Pteridophyta Grammitis pseudoaustralis Rutaceae Zanthoxylum sp. Pteridophyta Grammitis sp. Amphorogyne celastroides Pteridophyta Humata sp. Santalaceae Amphorogyne sp. Pteridophyta Hymenophyllum dimidiatum Santalaceae Amphorogyne spicata Pteridophyta Hymenophyllum sp. Santalaceae Daenikera corallina Pteridophyta Hymenophyllum Santalaceae Exocarpos clavatus streptophyllum Santalaceae Exocarpos neocaledonicus Pteridophyta Leptopteris wilkesiana Santalaceae Exocarpos phyllanthoides Pteridophyta Lindsaea rufa Santalaceae Exocarpos sp. Pteridophyta Lindsaea sp. Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis myrmoctona Pteridophyta Lycopodium laterale Sapindaceae Gongrodiscus parvifolius Pteridophyta Lycopodium nutans Sapindaceae Guioa glauca var. vulgaris Pteridophyta Lycopodium sp. Sapotaceae Beccariella lasiantha Pteridophyta Schizaea sp. Sapotaceae Beccariella longipetiolata Pteridophyta Scleroglossum sp. Sapotaceae Beccariella sp. Pteridophyta Scleroglossum Sapotaceae Genus ? sp. Munz1717 wooroonooran Sapotaceae Ochrothallus sessilifolius Pteridophyta Selaginella sp. Sapotaceae Pichonia calomeris Pteridophyta Selliguea lanceolata Sapotaceae Planchonella crassinervia Pteridophyta Stromatopteris moniliformis Sapotaceae Planchonella laetevirens Pteridophyta Tmesipteris lanceolata Sapotaceae Planchonella reticulata Pteridophyta Tmesipteris sp. Sapotaceae Planchonella wakere Pteridophyta Tmesipteris vieillardii Sapotaceae Pycnandra carinocostata Pteridophyta Trichomanes dentatum Sapotaceae Pycnandra fastuosa Pteridophyta Trichomanes laetum Sapotaceae Pycnandra sp. Pteridophyta Trichomanes sp. Sapotaceae Sebertia aff. acuminata Pteridophyta Vittaria elongata Saxifragaceae Polyosma pancheri Rhamnaceae Alphitonia eriocarpa Saxifragaceae Quintinia major

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