Tuna Blueprint a Vision for Recapturing the Wealth of Tuna Protecting Habitats Critical to Tuna in the Coral Triangle
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Do Some Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Skip Spawning?
SCRS/2006/088 Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 60(4): 1141-1153 (2007) DO SOME ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA SKIP SPAWNING? David H. Secor1 SUMMARY During the spawning season for Atlantic bluefin tuna, some adults occur outside known spawning centers, suggesting either unknown spawning regions, or fundamental errors in our current understanding of bluefin tuna reproductive schedules. Based upon recent scientific perspectives, skipped spawning (delayed maturation and non-annual spawning) is possibly prevalent in moderately long-lived marine species like bluefin tuna. In principle, skipped spawning represents a trade-off between current and future reproduction. By foregoing reproduction, an individual can incur survival and growth benefits that accrue in deferred reproduction. Across a range of species, skipped reproduction was positively correlated with longevity, but for non-sturgeon species, adults spawned at intervals at least once every two years. A range of types of skipped spawning (constant, younger, older, event skipping; and delays in first maturation) was modeled for the western Atlantic bluefin tuna population to test for their effects on the egg-production-per-recruit biological reference point (stipulated at 20% and 40%). With the exception of extreme delays in maturation, skipped spawning had relatively small effect in depressing fishing mortality (F) threshold values. This was particularly true in comparison to scenarios of a juvenile fishery (ages 4-7), which substantially depressed threshold F values. Indeed, recent F estimates for 1990-2002 western Atlantic bluefin tuna stock assessments were in excess of threshold F values when juvenile size classes were exploited. If western bluefin tuna are currently maturing at an older age than is currently assessed (i.e., 10 v. -
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus Thynnus) Population Dynamics
Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 8522–8527 nations of the International Commission for the Conservation Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) currently manage ABFT fisheries thynnus) Population Dynamics assuming two units (a western stock spawning in the Gulf of Mexico, and an eastern stock which spawns in the Delineated by Organochlorine Mediterranean Sea) ostensibly separated by the 45° W meridian with little intermixing between stocks. However, Tracers tagging studies indicate that bluefin tuna undergo extensive and complex migrations, including trans-Atlantic migrations, ,† and that stock mixing could be as high as 30% (2-4). Extensive REBECCA M. DICKHUT,* - ASHOK D. DESHPANDE,‡ mixing of eastern and western stocks (35 57% bluefin tuna ALESSANDRA CINCINELLI,§ of eastern origin) within the U.S. Mid Atlantic Bight was also 18 MICHELE A. COCHRAN,† reported recently based on otolith δ O values (5). The SIMONETTA CORSOLINI,| uncertainty of stock structures due to mixing makes it difficult RICHARD W. BRILL,† DAVID H. SECOR,⊥ for fisheries managers to assess the effectiveness of rebuilding AND JOHN E. GRAVES† efforts for the dwindling western Atlantic spawning stock of Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, bluefin tuna. Understanding ABFT spatial distributions and Virginia 23062, National Marine Fisheries Service, dynamics are vital for robust population assessments and Highlands, New Jersey 07732, Department of Chemistry, the design of effective management strategies, and there is University of Florence, 50019 -
The Implementation of State Defense Values To
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE DEFENSE VALUES TO STRENGTHEN BORDER COMMUNITY IN DEALING WITH THE THREAT OF PROXY WAR: Case Study of Sungai Limau Village, Central Sebatik Sub-District, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province 1 Wahyudi Alumni Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia ([email protected]) Abstract – Conditions of border area village of Sungai Limau, District Central Sebatik Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan province was geographically adjacent to the neighbour country Malaysia and the existence of two community groups who are different, both ethnically and religiously, have become challenges in the social life in Borderland area. From the aspect of Defense Studies, the dynamics could be potential targets of the Proxy War through the Border Region. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of Bela Negara (state defense) values to address it. This study aims to analyze the form in implementing the state defense values of the state defense in the border village of Sungai Limau in facing various challenges such as the susceptible threat of proxy war, using an analysis tool of the Bela Negara conception (State Defense) and Proxy War and Conception of Frontier Society. This study uses a qualitative method by collecting data obtains from interviews, observation, and literature. The result shows that the implementation of the state defense values among the frontier communities in Sungai Limau has the potential to be developed into power in the form of attitudes and practices of national and state awareness and place Pancasila as the state ideology and means of unifying societies that is reflected in the daily life. This can be a social capital to address the threats of proxy war in the border area. -
IATTC-94-01 the Tuna Fishery, Stocks, and Ecosystem in the Eastern
INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION 94TH MEETING Bilbao, Spain 22-26 July 2019 DOCUMENT IATTC-94-01 REPORT ON THE TUNA FISHERY, STOCKS, AND ECOSYSTEM IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN IN 2018 A. The fishery for tunas and billfishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean ....................................................... 3 B. Yellowfin tuna ................................................................................................................................... 50 C. Skipjack tuna ..................................................................................................................................... 58 D. Bigeye tuna ........................................................................................................................................ 64 E. Pacific bluefin tuna ............................................................................................................................ 72 F. Albacore tuna .................................................................................................................................... 76 G. Swordfish ........................................................................................................................................... 82 H. Blue marlin ........................................................................................................................................ 85 I. Striped marlin .................................................................................................................................... 86 J. Sailfish -
Movements and Diving Behavior of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus Thynnus in Relation to Water Column Structure in the Northwestern Atlantic
Vol. 400: 245–265, 2010 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published February 11 doi: 10.3354/meps08394 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Movements and diving behavior of Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus in relation to water column structure in the northwestern Atlantic Gareth L. Lawson1, 2,*, Michael R. Castleton1, Barbara A. Block1 1Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA 2Present address: Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA ABSTRACT: We analyzed the movements and diving behavior in relation to water column structure of 35 electronically tagged Atlantic bluefin tuna (176 to 240 cm in length at tagging) during their spring–fall period of occupancy of the Gulf of Maine, Canadian Shelf, and neighboring off-shelf waters from 1999 to 2005. Tagged fish arriving in this study region in March–April initially occupied weakly stratified off-shelf waters along the northern Gulf Stream. As waters over the continental shelf warmed in June, the fish shifted onto the shelf. Sea surface temperatures occupied were relatively constant in both off- and on-shelf waters (April–September monthly medians varying from 16.1 to 19.0°C). Dives made in the stratified waters of the shelf during summer and fall were significantly more frequent (up to 180 dives d–1) and fast (descent rates up to 4.1 m s–1) than in weakly stratified off-shelf waters occupied during spring, defining dives as excursions below tag-derived estimates of the surface isothermal layer depth (ILD). The duration and depth of dives also decreased significantly in associa- tion with changing water column structure, from medians in off-shelf waters during April of 0.45 h and 77.0 m, respectively, to 0.16 h and 24.9 m in August. -
Border Management Reform in Transition Democracies
Border Management Reform in Transition Democracies Editors Aditya Batara G Beni Sukadis Contributors Pierre Aepli Colonel Rudito A.A. Banyu Perwita, PhD Zoltán Nagy Lieutenant-Colonel János Hegedűs First Edition, June 2007 Layout Front Cover Lebanese-Israeli Borders Downloaded from: www.michaelcotten.com Printed by Copyright DCAF & LESPERSSI, 2007 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces FOREWORD Suripto, SH Vice Chairman of 3rd Commission, Indonesian House of Representatives And Chariman of Lesperssi Founder Board Border issues have been one of the largest areas of concern for Indonesia. Since becoming a sovereign state 61 years ago, Indonesia is still facing a series of territorial border problems. Up until today, Indonesia has reached agreements with its neighbouring countries related to demarcation and state border delineation. However, the lack of an unequivocal authority for border management has left serious implications for the state’s sovereignty and its citizen’s security. The Indonesian border of today, is still having to deal with border crime, which includes the violation of the territorial border, smuggling and terrorist infiltration, illegal fishing, illegal logging and Human Rights violations. These kinds of violations have also made a serious impact on the state’s sovereignty and citizen’s security. As of today, Indonesia still has an ‘un-settled’ sea territory, with regard to the rights of sovereignty (Additional Zone, Economic Exclusive Zone, and continent plate). This frequently provokes conflict between the authorised sea-territory officer on patrol and foreign ships or fishermen from neighbouring countries. One of the principal border problems is the Sipadan-Ligitan dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia, which started in 1969. -
Summary of Recent New Zealand Research Into Tunas and Tuna-Related Species
CCSBT-ERS/0602/Info05 Summary of recent New Zealand research into tunas and tuna-related species Shelton Harley Neville Smith Ministry of Fisheries PO Box 1020 Wellington INTRODUCTION The paper summarizes recent and on-going research into tunas and tuna-related species in New Zealand. This research is undertaken under contract to the New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries (MFish) and through other funding sources. Included below are summaries of MFish-funded papers describing: • Growth rate, age at maturity, longevity and natural mortality rate of Ray’s bream (Brama sp.) • Growth rate, age at maturity, longevity and natural mortality rate of moonfish (Lampris guttatus) • Age and growth of blue shark (Prionace glauca) from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone • Age, growth, maturity, longevity and natural mortality of the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in New Zealand waters • Monitoring the length structure of New Zealand commercial landings of albacore tuna during the 2003−2004 fishing year • Characterisation of striped marlin fisheries in New Zealand • Swordfish stock structure • Growth rate, age at maturity, longevity and natural mortality rate of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) • New Zealand billfish and gamefish tagging, 2003–04 • The distribution of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in the southwest Pacific Ocean, with emphasis on New Zealand waters Non-MFish funded research to be undertaken includes (summaries are not provided here): • Satellite tagging of striped marlin – funded by the New Zealand Marine Research Foundation • Kopf, R. K., Davie, P. S., and Holdsworth, J. C. (2005). Size trends and population characteristics of striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax caught in the New Zealand recreational fishery. -
Albacore Tuna Have fl Uctuated Considerably from Year To
Tuna [211] 86587_p211_220.indd 211 12/30/04 4:53:37 PM highlights ■ The catches of Pacifi c bluefi n tuna and North Pacifi c albacore tuna have fl uctuated considerably from year to Ocean year, but no upward or downward trends are apparent for either species. and ■ Increasing the age at entry of Pacifi c bluefi n into the fi shery might increase the yields per recruit of that Climate species. ■ The status of North Pacifi c albacore is uncertain, but most scientists believe that greater harvests of that species Changes would not be sustainable. [212] 86587_p211_220.indd 212 12/30/04 4:53:38 PM background The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) studies the tunas of the eastern Pacifi c Ocean (EPO), defi ned for its purposes as the area bounded by the coastline of North, Central, and South America, 40ºN, 150ºW, and 40ºS. The IATTC staff maintains records for most of the vessels that fi sh at the surface for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfi n tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (T. obesus), and Pacifi c bluefi n tuna (T. orientalis) in the EPO. Pacifi c bluefi n and albacore tuna (T. alalunga) are the tunas most relevant to the region of interest to PICES. Pacifi c bluefi n tuna Spawning of Pacifi c bluefi n apparently takes place only Age-1 and older fi sh are caught by purse seining, in the western Pacifi c Ocean (WPO). Some juvenile mostly during May-September between about 30°- bluefi n move from the WPO to the EPO, and then later 42°N and 140°-152°E. -
Law Enforcement Authority in the Country Border Region
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 10, Issue 4, April 2020 621 ISSN 2250-3153 Law Enforcement Authority In The Country Border Region Adolof Bormasa1, Nirahua Salmon E.M 2, Garciano Nirahua2 1Graduate Student PhD, Study Program : Legal Science. Pattimura University, Ambon Indonesia 2Lecture at Faculty Of Law. Pattimura University, Ambon Indonesia Email : [email protected] DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.10.04.2020.p10069 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.10.04.2020.p10069 Abstract: In the regulation of law enforcement especially law enforcement in the border region of the country in particular the region of the sea, almost all legislation has the authority of each institution to conduct law enforcement in the region the borders of the State, therefore must be well done so as to realize security in the borders of the country. The type of research used in this writing is the normative juridical law research, which is the legal research on the regulatory authority and implementation of the Authority provided by the positive legal provisions in factual Any particular legal event occurring in the country's border region. The research approach used is a statutory approach, the source of the legal material used is the source of secondary and tertiary legal materials as well as the collection of legal materials in this study is normative empirical. The arrangement of the Authority and implementation of the Authority on the legislation given to each law enforcement institution in the border region of the country in the sea region becomes ineffective and efficient in its implementation field by law enforcement institution due to the existence of a sectoral ego on every law enforcement institution so that there is a coordinated in the implementation of law enforcement in each law enforcement sector. -
Opportunities for Sustainable Fisheries in Japan
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES IN JAPAN O2 REPORT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES IN JAPAN JANUARY 2016 THIS REPORT OFFERS PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO HELP RESTORE FISHERIES AND COASTAL FISHING COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO © Ana Chang 2 CONTENT Introduction/Summary 4 State of Japanese Fisheries 5 The Japanese Seafood Supply Chain 8 Seafood Supply Chain - Upstream 8 Seafood Supply Chain - Downstream 9 Seafood Imports/Exports 11 Species in Focus: Tuna Supply Chain 12 Policy/Management 14 Sustainable Seafood in Japan 17 Survey of Japanese Consumers 17 Survey of Japanese Fishermen/Managers 18 Recommendations 19 References 21 Addendum: Rapid Assessments of Eleven Japanese Fisheries 3 Introduction/Summary If you want to witness a display of marine abundance and diversity unrivaled nearly anywhere on planet earth, don’t go to the Coral Triangle. Instead, head straight to the heart of Tokyo, grab your rubber boots and take a stroll through the cavernous Tsukiji fish market. From wild Kamchatka sockeye salmon to giant tuna from the Mediterranean to Maine lobster, Tsukiji sells it all in the largest seafood market in the world. The freshest and highest quality seafood in Tsukiji still comes from waters sur- rounding the Japanese archipelago, which hold some of the most productive fishing grounds on the planet. But domestic fisheries have been in decline for decades, due to overfishing, degraded ecosystems, and negative socio-economic factors. For the average Japanese consumer, this decline has caused higher prices at the market and increasing difficulties in enjoying traditional “washoku” food items. “Unagi” (eel), for example, went from a peak commercial catch of 232 metric tons in 1963 to a measly 5 tons by 2011.1 Meanwhile, the price quadrupled in the last decade alone. -
ANNEX 14 STOCK ASSESSMENT of PACIFIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus
FINAL ISC/18/ANNEX/14 ANNEX 14 18th Meeting of the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean Yeosu, Republic of Korea July 11-16, 2018 STOCK ASSESSMENT OF PACIFIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus orientalis) IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN 2018 REPORT OF THE PACIFIC BLUEFIN TUNA WORKING GROUP July 2018 1 FINAL Left Blank for Printing FINAL Table of Contents 2018 Pacific Bluefin Tuna Stock Assessment ...........................................................................5 ISC PBFWG ...............................................................................................................................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MAY 2018 ....................................................................................5 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................24 2.0 BACKGROUND ON BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES .......................................................25 2.1 Biology ...................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1 Stock Structure .............................................................................................. 25 2.1.2 Reproduction .................................................................................................. 25 2.1.3 Distribution and Movements ........................................................................ 25 2.1.4 Growth .......................................................................................................... -
A Manual for Age Determination of Pacific Bluefin Tuna Thunnus
水研センター研報,第40号,1-11,平成27年 Bull. Fish. Res. Agen. No. 40,1-11,2015 1 A manual for age determination of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis Tamaki Shimose*1 and Taiki Ishihara*2 Abstract : Age determination techniques for Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis using sectioned otoliths have been developed in recent years and a protocol of age determination is described. Opaque zones close to the core in the sectioned otoliths are difficult to recognize and some criteria are provided. The distance from the core is useful to recognize the 1st and 2nd opaque zones. The 1st to ca. 9th opaque zones are formed with similar distances between opaque zones. After ca. 9th opaque zones are relatively easy to recognize. This information facilitates age and growth studies of Pacific bluefin tuna which is used for stock assessment of this valuable fish species. Key words: age determination, Pacific bluefin tuna, sectioned otolith, Thunnus orientalis Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis is one of age-length plots of Pacific bluefin tuna were not the most highly valued fishery resources and is smooth when criteria for identification of otolith caught over a wide area in the North Pacific Ocean. opaque zones of southern bluefin tuna was used Stock assessment of the species is conducted every (Tanabe and Kai, 2007). Specific criteria for Pacific two years using age-related information such as bluefin tuna otoliths was subsequently developed growth parameters, age composition of the catch (Shimose et al., 2008, 2009), and age estimates from by fishing ground, and fishing mortality etc. Age 1 to 26 years old were obtained.