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Wegner, J. the Sunshade Chapel of Meritaten from the House-Of

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Wegner, J. the Sunshade Chapel of Meritaten from the House-Of El artefacto en torno al cual se articula este trabajo es una de las piezas arquitectónicas más grandes que se conservan del periodo amarniense y que, hasta la fecha, nunca había sido estudiada, a pesar de llevar más de un siglo en el museo estadounidense. Este bloque procede de una capilla solar que anteriormente estuvo ricamente ornamentada, dedicada a la hija primogénita de Ajenatón y Nefertiti, la princesa Meritatón. Dicha capilla perteneció a un Palacio ceremonial llamado Per-Waenra. Cuando el palacio fue derribado, el bloque fue reutilizado como base para una esfinge del faraón Merenptah en Heliópolis, siendo encontrada en el centro de El Cairo (pp. 10; 141-147). Wegner pretende conocer el papel de estas capillas solares dentro del programa arquitectónico amarniense y la posible ubicación del palacio ceremonial, mediante el estudio de la pieza, de su decoración y utilización (pp. 9-15) y el análisis del registro arqueológico, arquitectónico y artístico Wegner, J. (p. 15-41), Asimismo destaca que, aunque The Sunshade Chapel of Meritaten from the este tipo de construcciones ya se daban al House-of-Waenre of Akhenaten comienzo de la XVIII dinastía, fue en el University of Pennsylvania Museum periodo amarniense cuando su construcción of Archaeology & Anthropology, aumentó, además de que las destinatarias de Philadelphia,2017 dichos edificios eran las féminas de la familia 184 pp real (p. 147). ISBN 1934536873 Mediante la observación de los € 49.57. diferentes desarrollos del nombre de Atón durante el reinado amarniense, el autor data la construcción de la capilla de Meritatón Este libro escrito por Josef Wegner, en torno a los años 8 y 12 del reinado de conservador asociado de la sección egipcia Ajenatón (p. 39). También destaca el énfasis de este faraón a la hora de construir este tipo del Museo de Pensilvania de Arqueología y de capillas solares vinculadas a las mujeres de Antropología, así como profesor asociado de su familia, capillas vinculadas a Ra-Horajty, la Universidad de Pensilvania, se centra en el fuente de la religión atoniana (p. 121). bloque de cuarcita que se conserva en dicho Y es que está demostrado que la museo, con número de inventario E16230. familia real amarniense era el vínculo de Se trata de una publicación de investigación, unión entre la población y el dios Atón, sin dividida en trece capítulos, aparte de las necesidad de clero, ritualizando más si cabe secciones dedicadas al índice de piezas el papel de la familia real. A partir de esto, estudiadas (p. vii), agradecimientos (p. xi), Wegner (p. 78) considera que se trata de referencias (pp. 155-164) así como un primer capillas solares que nada tienen que ver con capítulo dedicado a la introducción (p. 1). un contexto funerario, como otros autores 607 argumentan y él cita en este trabajo. Es decir, de Heliópolis, la teoría más plausible para se realizaron cuando las mujeres de la familia Wegner, utiliza dos argumentos. Por un lado, real estaban en vida y duraban a perpetuidad, el lugar donde fue encontrado el bloque que aunque como explica el autor y demuestra analiza el libro, Heliópolis, como base de una el registro arqueológico, algunas capillas esfinge dedicado a Merenptah y, por otro, fueron usurpadas por otros miembros de los títulos del oficial May, que entre ellos la familia real. Es el caso del Maru-Aton, ostentaba el de administrador de la Casa de dedicado a Kiya y usurpado por Meritatón, Waenra en Heliópolis. En cuanto a Ajetatón, del cual existen evidencias físicas, al igual propone como Casa de Waenra tres lugares: que el de Kom el-Nana, de Nefertiti. El autor el Gran Palacio, el Palacio del lado norte del también explica (pp. 88) de las existencias río y el Palacio Norte, siendo este último de otras capillas solares según los restos de por el que se inclina, pues conserva restos unos talatats en Hermópolis, una dedicada a arqueológicos de una capilla solar dedicada Meritatón nuevamente y otra a su hermana a Meritatón, aunque no sea la prueba más Anjesenpaatón, ambas en el Per-Hay. concluyente. También hay evidencias de otras capillas La última parte del trabajo está fuera de Amarna, como en Tebas, Heliópolis dedicada al momento postamárnico del y Menfis. Este último, como afirma Wergner bloque. Wegner (pp. 127-147) hace un (p. 119), fue centro de múltiples capillas repaso del periplo del bloque, desde su dedicadas a mujeres reales. desmantelamiento de la capilla, la damnatio Entre otros elementos, como la propia memoriae que sufrió todo el periodo pieza en sí y los relieves de la tumba de amarniense por parte de sus sucesores, hasta Huya, Wegner (p. 53-77) intenta hacer una su reutilización tanto como base de la esfinge reconstrucción de la propia capilla solar de Merenptah, quien, como dice el autor, de Meritatón. Se centra principalmente en tuvo una gran actividad a la hora de ampliar los relieves de la tumba de Huya, donde se monumentalmente Heliópolis. Pero no acabó muestra a Ajenatón guiando a su madre hacia aquí el peregrinaje del bloque, pues es en la capilla solar dedicada a Tiye. Propone el periodo romano cuando se desmantelan la posibilidad de que tuvieran estatuas todos estos monumentos, continuando en los tridimensionales de las féminas a las que iba periodos bizantinos e islámicos, momento en dedicadas estas capillas solares, así como el que lo poco que quedaba de Heliópolis, un altar de ofrendas y un patio ceremonial. según Wegner (p. 141), fue utilizado para Destaca la elaborada decoración de las ampliar la ciudad de El Cairo, concretamente mismas, cuyo ornamento e incrustaciones como umbral de un edificio en la ciudad. hubo de jugar un papel importante, pues Concluye el autor (p. 125) que aunque hubo de interaccionar con las luces y sombras no se puede asegurar con total seguridad de del día. Tenemos que pensar que en época que el bloque provenga de Heliópolis, es amarniense, la techumbre en estos templos la teoría más plausible, entre otras razones era casi inexistente; una forma de dejar entrar por las grandes distancias entre Ajetatón y a la deidad solar al complejo. esta ciudad, unos 300 kilómetros; es difícil En torno a su ubicación, Wegner (pp. pensar el transporte de bloques de tal peso a 77-127) se plantea que estuvieran en dos distancias tan largas. Resalta la importancia zonas concretas: por un lado Heliópolis que tuvo Meritatón en su momento, por y por otra la propia ciudad de Amarna, conservarse dos capillas a su nombre en Ajetatón. La capilla solar de Meritatón Ajetatón y que, como resalta el autor, su estuvo emplazada en la Casa de Waenra, propia madre, Nefertiti, no tuvo tantas un palacio o complejo palacial vinculado capillas dedicadas a ella. Wegner (pp. 147- al rey. En apoyo a la hipótesis de la ciudad 153) comenta brevemente los cambios de 608 titulatura de hija de rey a esposa de rey, su matrimonio con Semenejkara y su posible maternidad de Meritatón Tasherit, así como la teoría de M. Gabolde de que Neferneferuatón era en realidad un faraón femenino y que su identidad era probablemente atribuida a la primogénita de Ajenatón; el autor difiere de ella y cree que fue Nefertiti la que realmente llegó al trono. Considero que esta obra enriquece los estudios realizados sobre Amarna, concretamente los relacionados con el papel de las mujeres de la élite dentro del proyecto atoniano de Ajenatón a finales de la XVIII dinastía. Sin embargo, aunque parece adecuado el desarrollo del texto en torno a la pieza, desde su ubicación hasta su decoración, parece un poco pobre el tratamiento que hace de las mujeres de esta dinastía. Si bien es cierto que trata el tema de la posición de poder de Meritatón en ese periodo de tiempo en las conclusiones, merecería un tema aparte Mark Weeden y Lee Z. Ullmann (Eds.) para poder entender aún más la importancia Hittite Landscape and Geography y posición de estas capillas en este momento. (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section one, Tanto las referencias como las ilustraciones The Near and Middle East; Vol. 121). Brill, son bastante apropiadas y completas, Leiden-Boston, 2017. cumpliendo su labor, sobre todo a la hora 416 páginas con láminas. ilustrarnos en las posibles reconstrucciones ISBN: 978-90-04-34174-6 de la capilla. Tapa dura: 209 € / 241$ E-book (en Brill MyBook): 25 € / 25$ Rocío García Martínez En las últimas tres décadas ha surgido un gran interés por la arqueología del paisaje. Este campo busca entender el lugar del ser humano en su medio físico a través de la reconstrucción de las formas del paisaje y su interacción con él. Los estudios del paisaje y geografía en la península anatolia se iniciaron con la llegada de visitantes europeos en el s. XIX, quienes intentaban reconstruir la geografía de los clásicos griegos. A finales de siglo, con el descubrimiento de la cultura hitita comenzó el interés por reconstruir su geografía; hasta que, finalmente, en 1950 aparecieron dos obras que trataban la geografía histórica de los hititas. La primera consistía en la 609.
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