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1 Flag of the United Kingdom Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita II.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.2 English and American Life and Institutions Kapitola 11 Flag of the United Kingdom Ing. Martin Fišer 30.10.2012 Obsah ÚVOD - ANOTACE ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1 FLAG OF THE UNITED KINGDOM ........................................... CHYBA! ZÁLOŽKA NENÍ DEFINOVÁNA.2 1.1 HISTORY OF THE UNION JACK .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 EMBLEMS OF BRITAIN .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 „MATURITA“ TYPE QUESTION ................................................................................................................. 5 2 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE ...................................................................................................... 7 Úvod - anotace Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23- 45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání). Materiál lze rovněž v nezměněné podobě využít při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů – indidualizaci výuky. V 1. a 2. ročnících čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou a ve všech ročnících oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou lze využít ty části výukového materiálu zaměřené na rozšíření a procvičení slovní zásoby. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Témata výukového materiálu korespondují s obsahovou náplní a zaměřením běžně používaných učebnic pro výuku anglického jazyka na středních školách. Výukový materiál je koncipován jako ucelený soubor a lze je tudíž ve výuce i při následném samostudiu používat odděleně. Před použitím výukového materiálu se doporučuje vytisknout jej tak, aby každý žák měl svůj vlastní, jelikož je možno do něj přímo zapisovat a plnit předepsané úkoly. Kapitola zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí, jazykových dovedností nebo slovní zásoby. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž sada otázek maturitního typu. Vypracoval – Ing. Martin Fišer 1 1 Flag of the United Kingdom Everybody in the world has probably seen the flag of the United Kingdom, but do you really know what this flag represents and why it looks like this one below? In this flag there is a great part of the british history and we can learn many things examining all the details of it. The Union Flag - the flag of the United Kingdom (UK) 1.1 History of the Union Jack The Union Flag, popularly known as the Union Jack is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is the British flag. It is called the Union Flag because it symbolises the administrative union of the countries of the United Kingdom. It is made up up of the individual Flags of three of the Kingdom's countries all united under one Sovereign - the countries of 'England, of 'Scotland' and of 'Northern Ireland' (since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). As Wales was not a Kingdom but a Principality it could not be included on the flag. The Making of the Union Flag began with the flag of England. England is represented by the flag of St. George. In 1194 A.D., Richard I of England introduced the Cross of St. George, a red cross on a white ground, as the National Flag of England. At this point in the story on the United Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland were separate countries. Flag of St. George – England 2 After Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became King James I of England. It was a Union of the Crowns, but not yet of the nations. Early in his reign James tried to combine England and Scotland in a united kingdom of 'Great Britain and in 1604 he proclaimed a new title for himself as 'King of Great Britain'. But what flag should be used? A problem arose, which flag should be on the king's ships. English sailors resented the Scottish colours and the Scots scorned the cross of St. George . In 1606 the problem was solved. Flag of St. Andrew – Scotland A compromise was the answer and it led to the creation of the first Union Flag. In 1606, the National Flags of Scotland and England were united for use at sea, thus making the first Union 'Jack'. A royal decree declared that the ships of the Kingdom of Great Britain "shall bear on their maintops the red cross, commonly called St. George's cross, and the white cross, commonly called St. Andrew's cross." + = In 1707, during the reign of Queen Anne, this flag was by royal proclamation made the National flag of Great Britain, for use ashore and afloat. The Act of Union of 1707, joined England and Scotland together, creating a single kingdom with a single Parliament called 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'. England Wales and Scotland were now united together under one monarch and one parliament. The Royal Navy christened the British flag " The Union". Nearly one hundred years later, another country was added to the Union flag .... .... On 1 January 1801, Ireland was united with Great Britain and it became necessary to have a new National Flag in which Ireland was represented. The cross St Patrick was combined with the Union Flag of St George and St Andrew, to create the Union Flag that has been flown ever since. 3 Flag of St. Patrick - Ireland + = England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland were now all joined together and called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The name was later changed to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland when the greater part of Ireland left the United Kingdom in 1921. The St. Patrick's Cross remains in the flag even though today only Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom. The Union Flag consists of the three heraldic crosses of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick. The flags of the Patron Saints of England, Scotland and Ireland are represented on the Union Flag. But, why is Wales not represented on the Union Flag? Flag of Wales The Welsh dragon does not appear on the flag because when the first Union Flag was created in 1606, Wales was already united with England from the 13th century. In 1536, under Henry VIII, the Act of Union joined England and Wales officially. 4 1.2 Emblems of Britain Each country in Britain has its own patron saint and floral emblem: England - St. George and the Rose The national flower of England is the rose. The flower has been adopted as England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) and the royal house of York (whose emblem was a white rose). Scotland - St. Andrew and the Thistle The national flower of Scotland is the thistle, a prickly-leaved purple flower which was first used in the 15th century as a symbol of defence. Wales - St. David and the Daffodil The national flower of Wales is the daffodil, which is traditionally worn on St. David’s Day. The vegetable called leek is also considered to be a traditional emblem of Wales. Northern Ireland - St. Patrick and the Shamrock The national flower of Northern Ireland is the shamrock, a three- leaved plant similar to clover. An Irish tale tells of how Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the Trinity. 1.3 „Maturita“ type questions 1. Which country is not represented on the British flag and why? 2. Who is the saint patron of Ireland? 3. What are the symbols of Scotland and what do you know about them? 5 4. Where was the Union flag used for the first time? 5. Why is the year 1707 important for British history? 6. Describe the flag of Wales. 7. Why is the British flag called the Union flag? What does the word Union mean? 8. How does the first flag of Great Britain look like? 9. Why is the red rose the symbol of England? 10. Describe the process of making the Union flag we know today. 6 2 Použitá literatura a zdroje El-Hmoudová, D. ANGLIČTINA PRO STŘEDNÍ ŠKOLY, Nakladatelství Petra Velanová, 2006. ISBN 80-86873-02-1 Tvoje státní maturita 2012 z anglického jazyka – obtížnost základní, Praha, Aletop Group s.r.o., 1. vydání. ISBN-978-80-905062-2-0 7.
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