Kompetenzentwicklung Im Sport Anhand Des Beispiels Skateboarding

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Kompetenzentwicklung Im Sport Anhand Des Beispiels Skateboarding Kompetenzentwicklung im Sport anhand des Beispiels Skateboarding Diplomarbeit Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Naturwissenschaften an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von: Sebastian Schoberer bei Mag. Dr.phil. Gerald Payer (Begutachter) am Institut für Sportwissenschaft Graz, im Mai 2020 Kurzzusammenfassung Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich, Sebastian Schoberer, erkläre hiermit ehrenwörtlich, die vorgelegte Diplomarbeit ohne fremde Hilfe und unter ausschließlicher Verwendung der angeführten Literatur verfasst zu haben. Die Arbeit wurde bisher nicht veröffentlicht und auch nicht in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form einer anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt. Die eingereichte elektronische Version entspricht der hier vorliegenden Fassung. _____________________ ______________________________ Ort, Datum Unterschrift (Sebastian Schoberer) ii Kurzzusammenfassung Kurzzusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt als zentrales Thema die jugendkulturelle Sportart Skateboarding und befasst sich mit der Frage, wie das Miteinbeziehen dieser in den Sportunterricht in der Sekundarstufe II an österreichischen Schulen, die Kompetenzentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern fördert. Der erste Teil der Arbeit beinhaltet den theoretischen Hintergrund des Skateboarding. Dieser setzt sich aus der geschichtlichen Entwicklung des Sports, einer Erklärung des Sportgeräts, einem Eingliederungsversuch der Bewegungsform, soziokulturellen Informationen und einer Beschreibung der prominentesten Disziplinen zusammen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird das System der modularen Oberstufe erklärt, sowie die Eckpunkte des kompetenzorientierten Unterricht geschildert. Des Weiteren beantwortet dieser Teil die Frage, warum Skateboarding im Schulunterricht inkludiert werden soll, und wie es zum Kompetenzerwerb beiträgt. Im Schlussteil der Arbeit findet sich eine Abschnittsplanung, welche die Stundenbilder für ein durchführbares Kursmodul beinhaltet. Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to investigate how the inclusion of skateboarding in PE classes in secondary schools in Austria is beneficial for the student’s development of competences. The first part of the thesis offers a detailed insight into the world of skateboarding, as the sports history, the skateboard itself, different disciplines and socio-cultural aspects of skating are discussed. The second part of the thesis contains information on aspects of the Austrian school system and how the sport fits into it, as well as an explanation of competence-oriented teaching. The final part of the diploma project offers detailed lesson plans which allow a successful conduction of a skateboarding course in schools. iii Vorwort Vorwort Seit mittlerweile mehr als 13 Jahren gibt es stets eine Konstante in meinem Leben – das Skateboard. Die Bewegungsform, welche die Charaktereigenschaften herkömmlichen Sports weit überschreitet, fungierte für mich als Schlüssel für Freundschaften, das Entdecken der Welt und die Entwicklung einer gewissen Einstellung zum Leben. Ich kann behaupten, dass mich das Skateboardfahren und die damit verbundene Kultur zu dem Menschen gemacht haben, der ich heute bin. Die Möglichkeit, meine Leidenschaft mit jungen Menschen teilen zu können und diesen die Welt des Skateboardings näherzubringen, hat mich dazu veranlasst, diese Arbeit zu schreiben. Ich habe unzählige positive Dinge durch das Skateboard erlebt, und möchte diese Erfahrungen weitergeben. Ich hoffe, dass ich dadurch den einen oder anderen Schüler für die Bewegungsform begeistern kann, damit auch diese oder dieser zukünftig vom Skateboard auf dem persönlichen Lebensweg begleitet wird. An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei Herrn Mag. Dr. Gerald Payer für die hervorragende Betreuung dieser Diplomarbeit und den unermüdlichen Einsatz für die Studierenden bedanken. Besonderer Dank gilt ich auch meinen Eltern und meiner Familie, die mir stets vertrauen und mich auf all meinen Wegen unterstützen, sowie meiner Partnerin für ihre Geduld mit mir und ihr großes Herz. iv Inhalt Inhalt Einleitung ....................................................................................................... 1 1.) Ursprung und Entwicklung des Skateboardens ......................................... 2 1.1.) Die erste Welle der Popularität ............................................................ 4 1.2.) Die zweite Welle der Popularität .......................................................... 6 1.3.) Die 1990er Jahre bis heute .................................................................. 9 2.) Das Skateboard ...................................................................................... 11 3.) Skateboarding: Zwischen Trendsport, Leistungssport und Lifestyle ......... 15 3.1.) Skateboarding als Trendsport ............................................................ 15 3.1.1.) Trendsport – Merkmale & Definition ............................................ 15 3.1.2.) Trendsport Skateboarding? ........................................................ 19 3.1.3.) Trendsport im Schulsport............................................................ 20 3.2.) Skateboarding als (Leistungs-)Sport .................................................. 22 3.2.1.) Gesponserte und professionelle SkateboaderInnen .................... 22 3.2.2.) Verpflichtungen .......................................................................... 23 3.3.) Skateboarding als Lebenseinstellung ................................................ 32 3.3.1.) SkateboarderIn werden .............................................................. 32 3.3.2.) SkateboarderIn sein ................................................................... 34 3.4.) Eingliederungsversuch ...................................................................... 41 4.) Skateboard-Disziplinen ........................................................................... 42 4.1.) Street-Skaten .................................................................................... 42 4.2.) Park-Skaten ...................................................................................... 43 4.3.) DIY-Skaten ........................................................................................ 44 5.) Die Neue Oberstufe................................................................................. 45 5.1.) Organisation der Neuen Oberstufe .................................................... 45 6.) Kompetenzorientierter Unterricht ............................................................. 46 6.1.) Kompetenzen im Unterricht ............................................................... 49 6.2.) Kompetenzerwerb durch Skateboarding ............................................ 51 v Inhalt 7.) Organisation und Grundzüge des Wahlmoduls „Skateboarding“ .............. 55 7.1.) Ziele abseits des Lehrplans ............................................................... 55 7.2.) Zielgruppe ......................................................................................... 56 7.3.) Zeitliche und räumliche Bedingungen ................................................ 56 7.4.) Material ............................................................................................. 57 7.5.) Sicherheit .......................................................................................... 58 8.) Abschnittsplanung & Stundenbilder ......................................................... 59 8.1.) Abschnittsplanung ............................................................................. 59 8.2.) Stundenbilder .................................................................................... 60 9.) Fazit ........................................................................................................ 76 10.) Glossar ................................................................................................. 77 Quellenverzeichnis ....................................................................................... 80 Literatur ..................................................................................................... 80 Internetquellen .......................................................................................... 84 Audiovisuelle Medien ................................................................................ 86 Bildnachweis ............................................................................................. 87 vi Abbildungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Abbildung 1: Roller Derby Skateboard ............................................................ 3 Abbildung 2: Heroin Skateboards "Razortop"................................................ 12 Abbildung 3: MOB Griptape .......................................................................... 13 Abbildung 4: Independent Trucks ................................................................. 13 Abbildung 5: Spitfire Wheels ......................................................................... 14 Abbildung 6: Cortina Bearings ...................................................................... 14 Abbildung 7: Jeremy Wray, Ollie (Thrasher Cover 1997 von Daniel Harold Sturt) ....................................................................................... 20 Abbildung 8: Tyler ‘Manchild’ Pacheco – Frontside 180 Kickflip .................... 30 Abbildung 9: Peters’” Drei Pole des Skateboarder-Seins” (2016, S. 218). ..... 40 Abbildung 10: Eisbergmodell nach Richter (2007) ........................................ 47 Abbildung 11: Die sechs Merkmale kompetenzorientierten Unterrichts
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