Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Landscape Analysis: APPLICATIONS in the DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
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USAID GLOBAL HEALTH SUPPLY CHAIN PROGRAM Procurement and Supply Management Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Landscape Analysis: APPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT An in-depth landscape analysis of the various actors, objectives, and lessons learned from existing UAV programs operating within the humanitarian supply chain Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Landscape Analysis: APPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. under USAID Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement and Supply Management Contract NO. AID-OAA-I-15-00004/Task Order No. AID-OAA-TO-15-00007. Recommended citation: USAID Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement and Supply Management, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Landscape Analysis: Applications in the Development Context, February 2017, Washington, DC: Chemonics International Inc. Cover photo: Quad copter in flight. (Credit: Don Mccullough / Flickr Creative Commons) DISCLAIMER: The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. government. UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS 2 THE AUTHORS HELENA SAMSIOE (GLOBHE) Helena Samsioe has an M.A. in international humanitarian action with a focus on public health in emergencies from Uppsala University, Sweden. She is the CEO and founder of GLOBHE. Through her work for GLOBHE, Ms. Samsioe collaborates with world-leading UAV providers, universities, NGOs, international donors, private sector actors, and ministries of health to transform health logistics. Ms. Samsioe has worked in different managerial roles in the United States, the Nordic countries, and in sub-Saharan Africa. She has been part of developing and implementing innovative solutions and strategies in the finance, health, and technology sectors on a global scale. She has also worked for the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs supporting the Africa Department in health reform programs. MONICA WINGE (GLOBHE) Monica Winge has a Ph.D. in medical informatics and experience as an advisor to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. In addition, she has valuable insights from work within the health care sector from over 25 years in nursing. Dr. Winge is presently the COO at GLOBHE and an affiliated researcher at Stockholm University in the department of computer and system science. She has worked extensively in project management for, among others, the Swedish government with the development of a national ICT strategy and as a leader of the national information structure for health care. At VINNOVA, the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, she was senior program manager for eHealth. Dr. Winge has 15 years of experience working with ICT research and development projects in health care, focusing on needs and value creation for patients at the national and international level in regions such as India, China, and Africa. LOUIS POTTER (INNOVATING HEALTH) Louis Potter has a wide range of experience covering development, innovation, technology and research. Having worked as a logistics manager with MSF in both the DRC and Zambia, he has an excellent understanding of the issues faced by organizations looking to introduce new technologies in developing countries. As the founder of Innovating Health — a consultancy focused on innovation in global health — Mr. Potter has written articles on the use of UAVs in the humanitarian sector, which have been republished on industry hubs and led to the cultivation of an extensive network around the topic. He received his MSc in global health from the Karolinska Institute, Sweden. DENISE SOESILO (SWISS FOUNDATION FOR MINE ACTION—FSD) Denise Soesilo, on behalf of FSD, is currently leading the implementation of the largest research effort to identify the main challenges and opportunities for the use of UAVs in humanitarian contexts, an initiative funded by EU Humanitarian Aid. In addition, she is overseeing and implementing field tests of UAVs in collaboration with humanitarian actors and UN agencies in the Philippines, Tajikistan, and Malawi, among others, and simulating UAV uses in Switzerland and France. Ms. Soesilo is currently lecturing on the best humanitarian use cases for UAVs including mapping, damage assessment, and cargo delivery of medical items. UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................6 A. Background: The Growing Use of UAVs in the Development Context..................................................................................6 B. Applications in the Humanitarian Sector ..................................................................................................................................................6 C. The UAV Landscape Analysis ...........................................................................................................................................................................8 D. Scope of Work and Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................8 E. Workflow and Expected Results ...................................................................................................................................................................9 II. TECHNOLOGY, ACTORS, AND REGULATIONS .................................................................................................11 A. UAV Types and Technology .............................................................................................................................................................................11 B. UAV Types: Fixed-Wing, Multi-Rotor and Hybrid ..............................................................................................................................11 C. Commercial Drone Projects..........................................................................................................................................................................14 D. UAV Actors and Partnerships in the Humanitarian Sector .........................................................................................................15 E. UAV Regulations ...................................................................................................................................................................................................16 F. Perception of UAVs ............................................................................................................................................................................................16 III. KEY CASE STUDIES ..........................................................................................................................................................................26 A. Case Study 1: MSF Using Multi-Copter Drone to Transport Tuberculosis Sputum Samples in Papua New Guinea .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 B. Case Study 2: UAV Transportation of Blood and Stool Samples in Madagascar .........................................................27 C . Case Study 3: Using Drones to Transport Dried Blood Spot Samples with Comparative Cost Analysis in Malawi ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 D. Case Study 4: Delivering Transfusion Blood and Other Medical Items Across Rwanda ..........................................29 E. Case Study 5: UAVs in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Stockholm County, Sweden ........................................31 F. Case Study 6: UAVs in Community Emergency Response Teams in the Maldives .....................................................32 IV. CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................................................................................33 A. SWOT Analysis of UAVs in the Humanitarian Supply Chain .......................................................................................................33 B. Health Economic Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................................33 C. The Way Forward: Final Evaluation and Recommendations .........................................................................................................35 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................................................................37 ANNEX 1: LIST OF HUMANITARIAN UAV PROJECTS TO DATE..........................................................43 ANNEX 2: HUMANITARIAN UAV CODE OF CONDUCT AND GUIDELINES ...........................49 ANNEX 3: LIST OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE UAVS ............................................................................................56