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New Powdery Mildew on Tomatoes
NEW POWDERY MILDEW ON TOMATOES Heather Scheck, Plant Pathologist Ag Commissioner’s Office, Santa Barbara County POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Powdery mildew fungi are obligate, biotrophic parasites of the phylum Ascomycota of the Kingdom Fungi. The diseases they cause are common, widespread, and easily recognizable Individual species of powdery mildew fungi typically have a narrow host range, but the ones that infect Tomato are exceptionally large. Photo from APS Net POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Unlike most fungal pathogens, powdery mildew fungi tend to grow superficially, or epiphytically, on plant surfaces. During the growing season, hyphae and spores are produced in large colonies that can coalesce Infections can also occur on stems, flowers, or fruit (but not tomato fruit) Our climate allows easy overwintering of inoculum and perfect summer temperatures for epidemics POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Specialized absorption cells, termed haustoria, extend into the plant epidermal cells to obtain nutrition. Powdery mildew fungi can completely cover the exterior of the plant surfaces (leaves, stems, fruit) POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Conidia (asexual spores) are also produced on plant surfaces during the growing season. The conidia develop either singly or in chains on specialized hyphae called conidiophores. Conidiophores arise from the epiphytic hyphae. This is the Anamorph. Courtesy J. Schlesselman POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Some powdery mildew fungi produce sexual spores, known as ascospores, in a sac-like ascus, enclosed in a fruiting body called a chasmothecium (old name cleistothecium). This is the Teleomorph Chasmothecia are generally spherical with no natural opening; asci with ascospores are released when a crack develops in the wall of the fruiting body. -
(US) 38E.85. a 38E SEE", A
USOO957398OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,573,980 B2 Thompson et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 21, 2017 (54) FUSION PROTEINS AND METHODS FOR 7.919,678 B2 4/2011 Mironov STIMULATING PLANT GROWTH, 88: R: g: Ei. al. 1 PROTECTING PLANTS FROM PATHOGENS, 3:42: ... g3 is et al. A61K 39.00 AND MMOBILIZING BACILLUS SPORES 2003/0228679 A1 12.2003 Smith et al." ON PLANT ROOTS 2004/OO77090 A1 4/2004 Short 2010/0205690 A1 8/2010 Blä sing et al. (71) Applicant: Spogen Biotech Inc., Columbia, MO 2010/0233.124 Al 9, 2010 Stewart et al. (US) 38E.85. A 38E SEE",teWart et aal. (72) Inventors: Brian Thompson, Columbia, MO (US); 5,3542011/0321197 AllA. '55.12/2011 SE",Schön et al.i. Katie Thompson, Columbia, MO (US) 2012fO259101 A1 10, 2012 Tan et al. 2012fO266327 A1 10, 2012 Sanz Molinero et al. (73) Assignee: Spogen Biotech Inc., Columbia, MO 2014/0259225 A1 9, 2014 Frank et al. US (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this CA 2146822 A1 10, 1995 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 EP O 792 363 B1 12/2003 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. EP 1590466 B1 9, 2010 EP 2069504 B1 6, 2015 (21) Appl. No.: 14/213,525 WO O2/OO232 A2 1/2002 WO O306684.6 A1 8, 2003 1-1. WO 2005/028654 A1 3/2005 (22) Filed: Mar. 14, 2014 WO 2006/O12366 A2 2/2006 O O WO 2007/078127 A1 7/2007 (65) Prior Publication Data WO 2007/086898 A2 8, 2007 WO 2009037329 A2 3, 2009 US 2014/0274707 A1 Sep. -
Erysiphe Salmonii (Erysiphales, Ascomycota), Another East Asian Powdery Mildew Fungus Introduced to Ukraine Vasyl P
Гриби і грибоподібні організми Fungi and Fungi-like Organisms doi: 10.15407/ukrbotj74.03.212 Erysiphe salmonii (Erysiphales, Ascomycota), another East Asian powdery mildew fungus introduced to Ukraine Vasyl P. HELUTA1, Susumu TAKAMATSU2, Siska A.S. SIAHAAN2 1 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01004, Ukraine [email protected] 2 Department of Bioresources, Graduate School, Mie University 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan [email protected] Heluta V.P., Takamatsu S., Siahaan S.A.S. Erysiphe salmonii (Erysiphales, Ascomycota), another East Asian powdery mildew fungus introduced to Ukraine. Ukr. Bot. J., 2017, 74(3): 212–219. Abstract. In 2015, a powdery mildew caused by a fungus belonging to Erysiphe sect. Uncinula was recorded on two species of ash, Fraxinus excelsior and F. pennsylvanica (Oleaceae), from Ukraine (Kyiv, two localities). Based on the comparative morphological analysis of Ukrainian specimens with samples of Erysiphe fraxinicola and E. salmonii collected in Japan and the Far East of Russia, the fungus was identified as E. salmonii. This identification was confirmed using molecular phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of E. salmonii not only in Ukraine but also in Europe. It is suggested that the records of E. fraxinicola from Belarus and Russia could have been misidentified and should be corrected to E. salmonii. In 2016, the fungus was found not only in Kyiv but also outside the city. The development of the fungus had symptoms of a potential epiphytotic disease. Thus, it may become invasive in Ukraine and spread to Western Europe in the near future. -
Ohio Plant Disease Index
Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio This page intentionally blank. Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index C. Wayne Ellett Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio T · H · E OHIO ISJATE ! UNIVERSITY OARilL Kirklyn M. Kerr Director The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential dientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, sex, age, handicap, or Vietnam-era veteran status. 12-89-750 This page intentionally blank. Foreword The Ohio Plant Disease Index is the first step in develop Prof. Ellett has had considerable experience in the ing an authoritative and comprehensive compilation of plant diagnosis of Ohio plant diseases, and his scholarly approach diseases known to occur in the state of Ohia Prof. C. Wayne in preparing the index received the acclaim and support .of Ellett had worked diligently on the preparation of the first the plant pathology faculty at The Ohio State University. edition of the Ohio Plant Disease Index since his retirement This first edition stands as a remarkable ad substantial con as Professor Emeritus in 1981. The magnitude of the task tribution by Prof. Ellett. The index will serve us well as the is illustrated by the cataloguing of more than 3,600 entries complete reference for Ohio for many years to come. of recorded diseases on approximately 1,230 host or plant species in 124 families. -
Effect of Environmental Conditions and Phenology in the Dispersal of Secondary Erysiphe Necator Conidia in a Vineyard
Vitis 58 (Special Issue), 49–58 (2019) DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2019.58.special-issue.49-58 Effect of environmental conditions and phenology in the dispersal of secondary Erysiphe necator conidia in a vineyard E. GONZÁLEZ-FERNÁNDEZ1), A. PIÑA-REY1), M. FERNÁNDEZ-GONZÁLEZ1), 2) and F. J. RODRÍGUEZ-RAJO1) 1) CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Sciences Faculty, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain 2) Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Summary ades, we are witnessing a huge agriculture mechanization and a rapid modernization of the European viticulture sector An integrated powdery mildew management strat- because of investments in this primary economical area. egy to identify the principal moments of secondary The biggest vineyard surface at world level was placed in Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal in a vineyard based Spain (13 %) been the third largest wine producer country on aerobiological, phenological and meteorological data (13 %) just below Italy (18 %) and France (17 %) (Mapama was developed. An adaptation of the physiological P-days 2016). Diseases and pests of crops affect potential yields and model was conducted to obtain a descriptive equation economic profits. A co-evolution of plants and their parasitic for the prediction of the advantageous meteorological fungi was detected, which explains their fitted adaptation conditions for Erysiphe necator conidia dispersal in the to the real changing conditions of the vineyard agrosystem. vineyards of the Ribeiro Designation of Origin area. The specific bioclimatological conditions of Northwest Moreover, a regression model was developed to predict Spain favour the development of fungal phytopathogenic the conidia concentration as a function of the weather diseases, which are responsible for remarkable annual yield and aerobiological variables with the highest influence loss. -
The Risk Assessment Index in Grape Powdery Mildew Control Decisions and the Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Conidial Germination of Erysiphe Necator C
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2007 5(4), 522-532 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X The risk assessment index in grape powdery mildew control decisions and the effect of temperature and humidity on conidial germination of Erysiphe necator C. E. Bendek, P. A. Campbell, R. Torres, A. Donoso and B. A. Latorre* Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Casilla 306. Santiago. Chile Abstract Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a major disease of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in Chile. Severe outbreaks have occurred recently despite the use of strict fungicide programs to control it. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the infection risk assessment index (RAI), to predict conditions for E. necator infection, and to study the effect of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and free moisture (FM) on conidial germination and disease development. Conidial germination was affected by T, RH, and FM. There were significant (p < 0.001) interactions between E. necator isolates and T and between isolates and RH. Conidial germination was optimal at 25°C. There was no germination at 5°C and 35°C. At 20°C, conidia germinated at a low RH (33-35%). Germination increased at a RH between 47 and 90% but decreased at higher RHs. Powdery mildew development on Carmenere, Chardonnay, and Merlot vines increased linearly from 6°C to 23°C. These grape cultivars were all equally susceptible to E. necator. Incubation periods varied. It was 13 to 14 d at 20°C or 23°C, 19 to 24 d at 10°C, and more than 23 d at 6°C. -
Occurrence of the Fungi from the Genus Ampelomyces – Hyperparasites of Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) Infesting Trees and Bushes in the Municipal Environment
Vol. 80, No. 2: 169-174 , 2011 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 169 OCCURRENCE OF THE FUNGI FROM THE GENUS AMPELOMYCES – HYPERPARASITES OF POWDERY MILDEWS (ERYSIPHALES) INFESTING TREES AND BUSHES IN THE MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENT EWA SUCHARZEWSKA , M ARIA DYNOWSKA , A NETA BOŻENA KEMPA Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Oczapowskiego 1A,10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: March 23, 2010. Accepted: July 19, 2010) ABSTRACT The studies refer to the phenomenon of hyperparasitism in the municipal environment. The paper presents the occurrence of fungi of the genus Ampelomyces on Erysiphales – important group of phytopathogenic fungi. For the first time in Poland analyzed degree of infestation of Erysiphales mycelium by Ampelomyces and effect of the hyperparsites on the degree of infestation plants by Erysiphales . The high participation of the Ampelomyces was noted in each year of the study. Substantial differences were noted in the occurrence of Ampelomyces depending on the developmental stage of the host fungi and considerable differences in the prevalence of the hyperparasites on particular Erysiphales species. In all cases examined , the mean index of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales was higher than the mean degree of infestation of powdery mildew mycelium by Ampelomyces . The results indicate that under natural conditions they do not play any significant role in the reduction of the degree of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales and do not disturb drastically their life cycle. KEY WORDS: Ampelomyces , Erysiphales, hyperparasites, municipal environment. INTRODUCTION Kiss at al. 2004). In turn , still little attention is paid to the ecology of those parasites , their occurrence and effect on Fungi from the genus Ampelomyces (Ces. -
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® The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology ©2011 Global Science Books Powdery Mildews on Ornamental Trees and Shrubs in Norway Venche Talgø1* • Leif Sundheim1 • Halvor B. Gjærum1 • Maria Luz Herrero1 • Aruppillai Suthaparan2 • Brita Toppe1 • Arne Stensvand1 1 Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, 1432 Ås, Norway 2 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents powdery mildew species recorded on woody ornamentals, with special emphasis on the latest arrivals; Erysiphe flexuosa on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Erysiphe syringae-japonicae on lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and Podosphaera spiraeae on white spirea (Spiraea betulifolia). The two former were found in 2006, while the latter was first detected in 2008. Chasmothecia (formerly named cleistothecia) were not found on white spirea until 2010. Several locations seemed to have optimal conditions for development of powdery mildew diseases in 2006. That year the long established Sawadaea bicornis on sycamore maple (Acer pseudo- platanus), was found for the first time on tatarian maple (Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala) and one cultivar from hedge maple (Acer campestre ‘Red Shine’). Also several species and cultivars of Rhododendron had massive attacks of powdery mildew in 2006. In 2010, chasmothecia of E. azaleae were found on severely affected R. ‘Magnifica’ in western -
Annual Report of the State Botanist 1890
[From the 44th Report of the New York State Museu>^ of Xaturai, History] ANNUAL REPORT STATE BOTANIST State of New York. Made to the Reg^ents of the University, Pursuant to Chapter 355 of the Laws of 1883. By CHARLES H. PECK. ALBANY: JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER. 1891. State of New York. No. 77. IN SKNATB, January 31, 1891. ANNUAL REPORT ' SXAXE BOTANIST Office of the State Botanist, \ Albany, January 31, 1891. ) To the Honorable the Regents of the University of the State of Neio York : I have the honor to present to you my annual report for the year 1890. Very respectfully. CHARLES H. PECK. : : REPORT. To the Regents of the University of the State of New York Gentlemen.— I have the honor of communicating to you the fol- lowing- report Specimens of plants for the State Herbarium have been collected and prepared by the Botanist during the past year in the counties of Albany, Columbia, Cattaraugus, Dutchess, Essex, Greene, Ham- ilton, Oneida, Oswego, Putnam, Rensselaer, Steuben and Warren. Specimens contributed by correspondents have been collected in the counties of Dutchess, Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, St. Lawrence and Westchester. Specimens of 269 species of plants have been added to the Herb- arium, of which 254 were collected by the Botanist and 15 were contributed. Of the former 72 are hew to the Herbarium, of the latter 11. The number of species represented in the Herbarium has, therefore, been increased by 83. Of the remaining 186 species, the specimens represent forms or varieties not before represented or not well shown, or are specimens intended to accompany the trunk sections now being made of the trees of the State. -
Notes on the Powdery Mildews of Ohio
NOTES ON THE POWDERY MILDEWS OF OHIO. BRUCE FINK, Miami University. My interest in the powdery mildews dates from 1884, when I was a student of the first class-room teacher of mycology, the late Dr. T. J. Burrill, of the University of Illinois. My first publication on fungi dealt with this group, and my interest has never abated. My collecting in Ohio began shortly after entering the State in the summer of 1906, and two of my students, Mr. E. E. Duncan and Miss Esther Young, have spent a considerable amount of time in studying the group in my laboratory. Miss Freda M. Bachman and Mr. W. G. Stover have also aided considerably with the, collecting and determinations. Mr. A. D. Selby published "The Ohio Erysipheas" in a Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experimental Station for 1893, and Mr. W. C. O'Kane published "The Ohio Powdery Mildews" in THE OHIO NATURALIST for May, 1910. The last paper follows the nomenclature of E. S. Salmon and furnishes keys and short diagnoses. This publication will still be found useful in studying the powdery mildews of Ohio, and I only hope, in the present paper, to supplement it by additions of localities, hosts, and species not previously reported from Ohio. The mycelia of powdery mildews usually occur on the leaves or the small stems or twigs of seed plants, and these fungi are easily collected by those who are accustomed to observe small fungi, provided that the mycelia are fairly con- spicuous. In summer and autumn, these parasites may be observed on the leaves of goldenrods, asters, sunflowers, yard grass, ragweeds, verbenas, roses, willows, oaks, lilacs, and other herbs, shrubs, and trees. -
A Revised List of South African Erysiphaceae (Powdery Mildews) and Their Host Plants
566 S.Afr.J.Bot., 1993, 59(6): 566 - 568 A revised list of South African Erysiphaceae (powdery mildews) and their host plants G.J.M.A. Gorter Mycology Unit, Biosystematics Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Pretoria, 0001 Republic of South Africa Received 17 May 1993; revised 5 July 1993 A new list of South African Erysiphaceae, wh ich includes nomenclatural changes and newly recorded species and host plants, is presented with a few introductory remarks. 'n Nuwe Iys van Suid-Afrikaanse Erysiphaceae word aangebied wat behalwe nomenklatuurveranderings en nuut aangetekende spesies en gasheerplante, ook enkele inleidende opmerkings bevat. Keywords: Erysiphaceae, host plants, South Africa. Introduction be maintained as a separate species. The more recently The monumental new monograph of the Erysiphales by described P. cassiae Gorter & Eicker (1986) and P. gorteri Braun (1987), a publication which only recently became Eicker (1988) have aberrant spore shapes as well and are available to the author, has necessitated some nomenclatural therefore considered separate taxa. changes in the scientific names recorded by me in my com With regard to Uncinula praeterita Marasas & Schumann, pilation of South African powdery mildew fungi published after due consideration of all taxonomically relevant fea in 1988 (Gorter 1988). The description of new local taxa tures, I am of the opinion that Braun has been premature in (Eicker 1988; Gorter 1989b; Gorter & Marasas 1988) as giving it the status of a variety of Uncinula udaiparensis well as the recording of more host plants, of which some Bhatnagar & Kothari. Although both Uncinulas are no doubt have already been published (Gorter 1989a), are additional closely related, there are clear differences in the size of the reasons for presenting a new list. -
Fungicide and Clay Treatments for Control of Powdery Mildew
HORTSCIENCE 41(1):176–182. 2006. disrupted by fungicides which in turn could affect wine quality. An important fungal plant pathogen of Fungicide and Clay Treatments for grapes is Erysiphe necator Schwein. var. necator (formerly Uncinula necator) which Control of Powdery Mildew Infl uence causes powdery mildew (Pearson, 1988) reducing yield and quality of juice and wine Wine Grape Microfl ora from infected grapes (Calonnec et al., 2004; Gadoury et al., 2001). Powdery mildew is Peter Sholberg, Colleen Harlton, Julie Boulé, Paula Haag controlled by several fungicides belonging Pacifi c Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 to the demethylation-inhibiting, strobilurin, Highway 97, Summerland, B.C. V0H 1Z0, Canada and quinoxyfen classes (Sholberg, 2004). It is also controlled by a number of organically Additional index words. bacteria, ‘Chancellor’, fungi, ‘Pinot noir’, pseudomonads, produced materials in which sulphur is the ‘Riesling’, Uncinula necator, Vitis vinifera, yeast most important member. Some other organics are mineral and vegetable oils (Northover and Abstract. There is very little information on the interaction of wine grape microfl ora with Schneider, 1996), potassium silicate (Reynolds fungicides used to control grape diseases. The objective of this study was to determine et al., 1996), and clay (Ehret et al., 2001; Shol- how fungicides used in a standard grape pest management program and an experimental berg and Boulé, 2001). In addition to powdery clay being developed for control of powdery mildew affect grape microfl ora. Grape leaves mildew, bunch rot and phomopsis cane and leaf and fruit were surveyed for bacteria, fungi and yeast six times over the growing season spot are important in grape pest management.