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Coastal Floodplain Management in Eastern Australia: Barriers to Fish and Invertebrate Recruitment in Acid Sulphate Soil Catchments

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Coastal Floodplain Management in Eastern Australia: Barriers to Fish and Invertebrate Recruitment in Acid Sulphate Soil Catchments Coastal floodplain management in eastern Australia: barriers to fish and invertebrate recruitment in acid sulphate soil catchments F.J. Kroon, A.M. Bruce, G.P. Housefield & R.G. Creese NSW Department of Primary Industries Port Stephens Fisheries Centre Private Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW 2315 Australia FRDC Project No. 98/215 August 2004 NSW Department of Primary Industries - Fisheries Final Report Series No. 67 ISSN 1449-9967 Coastal floodplain management in eastern Australia: barriers to fish and invertebrate recruitment in acid sulphate soil catchments August 2004 Authors: F.J. Kroon, A.M. Bruce, G.P. Housefield & R.G. Creese Published By: NSW Department of Primary Industries (now incorporating NSW Fisheries) Postal Address: Private Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW 2315 Internet: www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au NSW Department of Primary Industries and the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this reproduction may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. DISCLAIMER The publishers do not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. The publishers do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortuous or otherwise, for the contents of this report for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed on it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this report may not relate to, or be relevant to, a reader’s particular circumstance. ISSN 1449-9967 (Note: Prior to July 2004, this report series was published as the ‘NSW Fisheries Final Report Series’ with ISSN number 1440-3544) Contents i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................. I LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................................................III LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................................................V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................................................VII NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. VIII 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 11 1.1. Background.....................................................................................................................11 1.2. Need................................................................................................................................12 1.3. Objectives and the achievement of those objectives.......................................................13 2. METHODS TO ASSESS IMPACT OF FLOODGATES AND FLOODGATE MANAGEMENT ON FISH PASSAGE AND WATER AND HABITAT QUALITY IN COASTAL FLOODPLAINS, NSW ........................................................................................ 16 2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................16 2.2. Sampling sites in the Clarence River..............................................................................16 2.2.1. Sampling methods ........................................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Data analyses .................................................................................................. 24 3. IMPACT OF FLOODGATES ON FISH PASSAGE AND WATER AND HABITAT QUALITY IN THE CLARENCE RIVER FLOODPLAIN, NSW.................................................... 32 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................32 3.2. Methods ..........................................................................................................................33 3.2.1. Sampling sites.................................................................................................. 33 3.2.2. Sampling methods ........................................................................................... 33 3.2.3. Data analyses .................................................................................................. 33 3.3. Results ............................................................................................................................34 3.3.1. General............................................................................................................ 34 3.3.2. Species assemblages (abundance data)........................................................... 35 3.3.3. Species assemblages (biomass data)............................................................... 39 3.3.4. Water quality and ANZECC guidelines........................................................... 42 3.4. Discussion.......................................................................................................................44 3.4.1. Life history characteristics.............................................................................. 45 4. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLOODGATE MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING FISH PASSAGE AND WATER AND HABITAT QUALITY IN THE CLARENCE RIVER, NSW ......... 47 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................47 4.2. Methods ..........................................................................................................................47 4.2.1. Opening regimes of gated drainage systems ................................................... 47 4.2.2. Sampling methods ........................................................................................... 47 4.2.3. Data analyses .................................................................................................. 52 4.3. Results ............................................................................................................................53 4.3.1. General............................................................................................................ 53 4.3.2. Opening regimes of gated drainage systems ................................................... 55 4.3.3. Species abundance .......................................................................................... 57 4.3.4. Species biomass............................................................................................... 64 4.3.5. Relationship between floodgate opening and species richness and diversity.. 74 4.3.6. Effect of two different gate structures on fish passage.................................... 74 4.3.7. Water quality and ANZECC guidelines........................................................... 80 4.4. Discussion.......................................................................................................................83 Coastal floodplain management (Kroon, Bruce, Housefield, Creese) FRDC Project No. 98/215 ii Contents 5. TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF RECRUITMENT TO THE CLARENCE RIVER FLOODPLAIN BY COMMERCIALLY SIGNIFICANT FISH AND PRAWN SPECIES .......................................................................................... 85 5.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................85 5.2. Methods.......................................................................................................................... 85 5.3. Results and Discussion................................................................................................... 86 5.3.1. Sandy Sprat......................................................................................................86 5.3.2. Silver Biddy......................................................................................................86 5.3.3. Yellowfin Bream...............................................................................................87 5.3.4. Tarwhine ..........................................................................................................87 5.3.5. Flat-tail Mullet.................................................................................................88 5.3.6. Sea Mullet ........................................................................................................88 5.3.7. School Prawn...................................................................................................88 5.3.8. Eastern King Prawn.........................................................................................89 5.4. Summary of critical recruitment periods........................................................................ 90 6. A FLUVIARIUM WITH CONTROLLED WATER QUALITY FOR PREFERENCE - AVOIDANCE EXPERIMENTS WITH FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ................... 101 6.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 101 6.2. Methods........................................................................................................................ 102 6.2.1. Design considerations of fluviarium ..............................................................102 6.2.2. Precise
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