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UGARIT-FORSCHUNGEN Loretz, Oswald Der Ugaritisch-Hebraische Parallelismus Rkb '1Pt II Rkb B 'Rbwt in Psalm 68,5

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UGARIT-FORSCHUNGEN Loretz, Oswald Der Ugaritisch-Hebraische Parallelismus Rkb '1Pt II Rkb B 'Rbwt in Psalm 68,5 Sonderdruck aus: Lo retz, Oswald Ugaritisch ap (III) und syllabisch-keil schriftlich abi/ apu als Vorlaufcr von hebraisch 'ab / 'ob ,(Kult/Nekromanti e-)Gmbe". Ein Beitrag zu Nekromantie und Magie in Ugarit, Emar und Israel ...... .. ....... 48 1 UGARIT-FORSCHUNGEN Loretz, Oswald Der ugaritisch-hebraische Parallelismus rkb '1pt II rkb b 'rbwt in Psalm 68,5 ........ .... ..... .. .. .. .. .. ..................... ... ..... ... ..... ... ... 521 Mallet, Joel Internationales J ahrbuch Ras Shamra-Ougarit (Syric), 62c campagne, 2002. L'exploration des niveaux du Bronze moyen II ftir die ( I rc mo itie du rrc mi llena ire av. J. -C.) so us le palais nord .. ... .. .... ... .. .. ...... 527 Mallet, Joel, et Lebrun, Rene Altertumskunde Syrien-PaHistinas Document SOliS sceau hittite, ccriture et langue adech iffrer .. ...... .. ... ... .. .. .. 55 1 Mazzini, Giovanni A New Suggestion to KTU 1.14 I 15 ...... ... ... ... ............ .. .. ............. .. 569 Mazzini, Giovanni Akkadian R'M as a West Semitic Lexical Trait ... ... ....... .. .. ... ... ... .. .. .. 577 Na'aman, Nadav Herausgeber The Abandonment of Cult Places in the Kingdoms Manfried Dietrich · Oswald Loretz of Israe l and Judah as Acts of Cult Reform .. .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. ... ........ .. 585 Richter, Thomas Der , Einjahrige Feldzug" Suppi luliumas I. von Ij.atti in Syrien nach Textfunden des Jahres 2002 in Mi srife/Qa!na .. ... .. .. .. .... .. ..... 603 Beratergremium Shatnawi, Ma'en Al i Die Personennamen in den !amudischen Inschriften. J. Bretschneider • I. Kottsieper • K.A. Metzler Eine lexikal isch-grammatische Analyse im Rahmen R. Schmitt • J. Tropper • W.H. van Soldt • J.-P. Vita der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung ............ .. ... .. ... .. .................... .. .619 Strawn, Brent A. wenil'ii(h), "0 V,ictorious One," in Ps 68, 10 .. .. ........... ... .......... .. ........... 785 Tropper, Josef Zur Rekonstruktion von KTU 1.4 VII 19 ..... .................................. .... .. 799 van Soldt, Wilfred Stud ies on the siikinu-Officia l (2) . The func tion of the siikinu ofUgarit ..... ...... 805 Vita, Juan-Pablo Textos republicados de Emar . .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... 829 von Dassow, Eva Lists of People from the AlalatJ IV Administrative Archives .. .. .. ... .. .. ... ..... 835 Wagenaar, Jan A. In the Sixth Month: the Day of the New Moon of Ij. iyaru. Text and Interpretation ofKTU 1.78: A New Proposal ......... .. .......... ... .. .. 913 Band 34 Watson, Wil fred G. E. Tools of the Trade (KTU 4 .1 27 and 4. 385) .. ............................. .. .... .. .. .. 92 1 2002 Buchbesprechungen und Buchanzeigen ..... .. .. ... ... .. ...... ..... ..... .. ... ... .. 931 I ndizes .. .. .. ... ... .. ..... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. ..... .. .. ... .. .. .. .... ..... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 993 Abkiirzungsverzeichnis ... .. ... ... .... ... .. ... .... .. .... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. 1007 Anschriften der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter .. ....... ..... .... ... .. ...... .. I 0 17 Ugarit-Verlag Munster 2003 The Abandonment of Cult Places in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah as Acts of Cult Reform Nadav Na'aman, Tel Aviv For many years archaeologists have tried to find evidence for the cult reforms mentioned in the Book of Ki ngs. They assumed that the destruction of cult places (bam6t), the demolition of al tars and smashed sacred pillars (lilO$$iib6t)­ as the reforms are described in the Book of Kings- would have left traces which archaeologists shou ld be able to idcnt i fy in the excavated sites. So far, however, these efforts have not succeeded, and no archaeological evidence of intentional destruction and iconoclasm of the kind described in the histories of Hezekiah and Josiah have been found. Nevertheless, the termination of the sanctuary un­ covered at Tel Arad and the elim ination of the big horned altar discovered at Tel Beersheba have sometimes been associated with the cult reform conducted by Anschriften der Herausgeber: Ki ng Hezekiah of Judah. M. Dietrich - 0 . Loretz, Schlaunstr. 2, 48143 MUnster The evidence proposed by scholars for the assumed cult reforms conducted Manuskripte sind an einen der Herausgeber zu senden. at Tel Arad and Tel Beersheba will be re-examined first, and will be followed by FUr unverlangt eingesandte Manuskripte kann keine Gewahr iibernommen werden. a short discussion about the abando nment of a few north Israelite cult sites. It is , Die Herausgeber sind nicht verpflichtet, suggested that, on the one hand, there is no clear archaeological evidence for unangeforderte Rezensionsexemplare zu besprechen. cult reforms of the kind described in the Book of Ki ngs; and, on the other hand, Manuskripte fUr die einzelnen Jahresbande werden jeweils that the intentional desertion of destroyed culti c sites in the kingdoms of Israel bis zum 3 1. 12. des vorausgehenden Jahres erbeten. and Judah was part of the effort of rulers of the two kingdoms to centralize their rul e by minimi zing the number of cult places in their territories. Tel Arad © 2003 Ugarit-Verl ag, Munster The sanctua1y of Arad was bui lt in the no rthwestern corner of the fortress . It was (www.ugarit-verlag.de) constructed along an east-west ax is and its main entrance was on the east. Its Aile Rechte vorbehalten All rights preserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, courtyard had an alta r, and fo ur stairs led from the courtyard to a raised cella stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, (rfbir). Two li mestone altars were fou nd lying on the second stair, and a well­ electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, dressed, long (90 em) limestone pillar (m a~·.~ebah), with traces of red pigment on without the prior permission of the publisher. it, was fou nd in the cella. 1 Herstellung: Hanf Buch und Mediendruck GmbH, Pfungstadt 1 Printed in Germany For the excavations of the sanctuary of Arad, sec Aha roni 1967, 247- 249; 1968, 18- ISBN 3-934628-33-8 32; Herzog ct al. 1984, 11 - 22; Ussishki n 1988, 142- 157; Herzog 1997, 161 - 172, 182- Printed on acid-free paper 203 ;2001, 156-170; 2002,49- 72. 594 N. Na 'a man (UF 34 2002) The Abandonment of Cult Places in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah ... 595 no more spec ulat ive than Aharoni's hypothes is of a royal order for cancellation detailed discussion of th is problem, which must be treated in the wider context that arrived from Jerusalem. of the ancient Ncar East. But the ev idence of the Arad and Tel Beersheba exca­ The date of the term inat ion of Stratum III, includi ng the altar, was estab­ vations could point to a diffe rent view of th ese objects after they were removed, lished by Aharoni and the Tel Beersheba publication team on the basis of the in place of their image as permanently sacred attifacts in the eyes of modern bib lical reference to Hezekiah's cult reform (2 Kgs 18,4). They thus claimed to scholars. have fo und evidence for the cu lt reform mentioned in the Bible (Aharoni 1974, In conclusion, the Arad temple lasted until Sennacherib's campaign of 701 6; 1975, 156; 1-Icrzog/Rainey/ Moshkovitz 1977, 57- 58; Rainey 1994, 349; BCE and shows no sign of a cult reform. Noth ing is known about a temple at Herzog 200 I, 174- 175; 2002, 67). The suggestion suffers from circular reason­ Tel Beersheba, the location of the big horned altar and the elate and background ing: on the basis of the reference in 2 Kgs 18,4 they establish the date of the of its dismantli ng. The suggestion of Aharoni and the members of his team to elimination of the cult place, and th en they suggest that the site supplies inde­ ma tch the end of the Arad temple and th e Tel Beersheba horned altar with pendent archaeo logical evidence for llczckiah 's reform. Hezekiah's cu lt reform is not supported by archaeo logical evidence. Our It goes without saying that uninscribed mtifac ts found in the excavations of evaluation of the biblical references to IIezekiah 's cult reform does not depend Judahite sites cannot be dated to the reign of a certain Judahite king. All scholars on the results of the excavations at the two si tes (for a discussion of the reform, agree that Stratum II was destroyed in the course of Sennacherib's campaign of see Na'aman 1995a, with earlier li terature). 70 I BCE. Strata Ill and II in Tel Beersheba represent the same town, with minor changes during its lifetime, and their pottery is identica l. 8 Th is pottery is dated The Abandonment of Cult Places in the Kingdoms to the second hal f of the eighth century BCE, a more accurate date cannot be of Israel and Judah established (see Singer-A vitz 1999 ; 2002, 159- 180). Thus, the end of Stratum III and the construction of Stratum II must be dated to this time. The altar must The abandonment of the Arad sanctuaty in Stratum VII and the possible deser­ have ceased to function sometime before the constructi on of Stratum II, in the tion of the cu lt place at Tel Beersheba in Stratum II may be compared to sites second half of the eighth century, and its stones used for rebuilding the pillared that were destroyed and not restored in the Ki ngdom of Israel in the ninth cen­ storehouse, just as the limestone altars were used as building material to block tu ry BCE. In what follows I will firs t present the available data from the North­ the entrance of the ce ll a at Arad. ern Kingdom and then di scuss the problem of the abandonmen t of cult places in How then can we explain the disrespect to the cancelled altars in the two the two neighbouring kingdoms. sites? Altars, especially horned altars, have been found in the kingdoms of Israel I. Schumacher (1908, 11 0-124 and plates 35- 39) excavated a large building and Judah in the late tenth-eighth centuries BCE, and most of them have not complex at Megiddo which he labelled 'di e Tempelburg' and interpreted it as been fou nd in c'u ltic contexts (see Gitin 1989, 53*- 57*, with earlier literature; a sanctuaty.9 Ussishkin (1989, 149- 17 0), upon re-examining the 'Tempel­ 1993, 249- 250).
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