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The Indigenous World-2003 1 • • • • • • • • • • 2 • • • • • • • • 3 • • 2003 Copenhagen • • IWGIA • • • • • WORLD 2002-2003 WORLD THE INDIGENOUS THE THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2002-2003 Compilation and editing: Diana Vinding Regional editors: The Circumpolar North & North America: Kathrin Wessendorf Mexico, Central America & the Circumcaribbean: Diana Vinding South America: Alejandro Parellada Australia and the Pacific: Diana Vinding Asia: Christian Erni and Sille Stidsen Middle East: Diana Vinding Africa: Marianne Wiben Jensen Indigenous Rights: Lola García-Alix Cover, typesetting and maps: Jorge Monrás English translation: Elaine Bolton English proofreading: Elaine Bolton & Birgit Stephenson Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark ISSN 0105-4503 ISBN 87-90730-74-7 © The authors and IWGIA (International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs), 2003 - All Rights Reserved. The reproduction and distribution of information contained in The Indigenous World is welcome as long as the source is cited. However, the reproduction of the whole BOOK should not occur without the consent of IWGIA. The opinions expressed in this publica- tion do not necessarily reflect those of the International Work Group. The Indigenous World is published annually in English and Spanish by IWGIA Director: Jens Dahl Deputy Director: Lola García-Alix Administrator: Karen Bundgaard Andersen This book has been produced with financial support from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhagen, Denmark • • Tel: (+45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (+45) 35 27 05 07 • • E-mail: [email protected] - www.iwgia.org • • • • 4 • CONTENTS Editorial .................................................................................................................. 8 About our contributors ................................................................................... 11 PART I - Region and country reports The Circumpolar North The Arctic Council ................................................................................. 22 Greenland ................................................................................................ 26 Sápmi Norway .............................................................................................. 31 Sweden ............................................................................................... 35 Finland ............................................................................................... 38 Russia ........................................................................................................ 40 Alaska ....................................................................................................... 47 Nunavut ................................................................................................... 52 Nunavit .................................................................................................... 55 North America Canada ...................................................................................................... 58 The United States of America ............................................................. 64 Mexico and Central America and the Circumcaribbean Mexico ....................................................................................................... 70 Guatemala ................................................................................................ 77 Nicaragua ................................................................................................. 83 Costa Rica ................................................................................................ 91 Panama ..................................................................................................... 96 The Circumcaribbean .......................................................................... 102 Belize ................................................................................................. 102 Trinidad ............................................................................................ 106 The Guyanas .................................................................................... 109 South America Colombia ............................................................................................... 114 Venezuela .............................................................................................. 122 • • Ecuador .................................................................................................. 129 • • Peru ......................................................................................................... 133 • • Bolivia ..................................................................................................... 143 • • • 5 Brazil ....................................................................................................... 157 Paraguay ................................................................................................ 163 Argentina ............................................................................................... 169 Chile ........................................................................................................ 177 Australia and the Pacific Australia ................................................................................................. 186 The Pacific region ................................................................................... 193 Occupied nations ..................................................................................... 201 Guahan (Guam) .................................................................................. 202 West Papua ........................................................................................ 202 Kanaky (New Caledonia) .................................................................. 204 Te Ao Maohi (French Polynesia) .................................................... 208 Bougainville ........................................................................................ 208 Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) .................................................. 210 Independent countries ............................................................................. 210 Fiji ....................................................................................................... 211 Kiribati ............................................................................................... 211 Marshall Islands and FSM ................................................................ 212 Papua New Guinea ............................................................................ 212 Solomon Islands ................................................................................. 214 Tonga .................................................................................................. 214 Vanuatu .............................................................................................. 215 East Asia & Southeast Asia Japan ....................................................................................................... 218 Tibet ........................................................................................................ 222 Taiwan .................................................................................................... 227 Philippines .............................................................................................. 233 Timor Lorosa’e ..................................................................................... 239 Indonesia ................................................................................................ 245 Malaysia ................................................................................................. 252 Thailand .................................................................................................. 257 Cambodia .............................................................................................. 263 Vietnam .................................................................................................. 269 Laos ........................................................................................................ 276 Burma ..................................................................................................... 283 Nagalim .................................................................................................. 291 South Asia Bangladesh ............................................................................................. 298 Nepal ....................................................................................................... 308 • • India ........................................................................................................ 315 • • Sri Lanka ................................................................................................ 330 • • • • 6 • Middle East The Bedouins of Israel ........................................................................ 336 North and West Africa The Amazigh People ........................................................................... 344 The Touareg People ............................................................................ 350 The Horn of Africa and East Africa Ethiopia .................................................................................................. 358 Kenya ....................................................................................................
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