Biology; of the Seal
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
56. Otariidae and Phocidae
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE JUDITH E. KING 1 Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Southern Elephant Seal–Mirounga leonina [G. Ross] Ross Seal, with pup–Ommatophoca rossii [J. Libke] Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Weddell Seal–Leptonychotes weddellii [P. Shaughnessy] New Zealand Fur-seal–Arctocephalus forsteri [G. Ross] Crab-eater Seal–Lobodon carcinophagus [P. Shaughnessy] 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION Pinnipeds are aquatic carnivores. They differ from other mammals in their streamlined shape, reduction of pinnae and adaptation of both fore and hind feet to form flippers. In the skull, the orbits are enlarged, the lacrimal bones are absent or indistinct and there are never more than three upper and two lower incisors. The cheek teeth are nearly homodont and some conditions of the ear that are very distinctive (Repenning 1972). Both superfamilies of pinnipeds, Phocoidea and Otarioidea, are represented in Australian waters by a number of species (Table 56.1). The various superfamilies and families may be distinguished by important and/or easily observed characters (Table 56.2). King (1983b) provided more detailed lists and references. These and other differences between the above two groups are not regarded as being of great significance, especially as an undoubted fur seal (Australian Fur-seal Arctocephalus pusillus) is as big as some of the sea lions and has some characters of the skull, teeth and behaviour which are rather more like sea lions (Repenning, Peterson & Hubbs 1971; Warneke & Shaughnessy 1985). The Phocoidea includes the single Family Phocidae – the ‘true seals’, distinguished from the Otariidae by the absence of a pinna and by the position of the hind flippers (Fig. -
Brucella Antibody Seroprevalence in Antarctic Seals (Arctocephalus Gazella, Leptonychotes Weddellii and Mirounga Leonina)
Vol. 105: 175–181, 2013 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published September 3 doi: 10.3354/dao02633 Dis Aquat Org Brucella antibody seroprevalence in Antarctic seals (Arctocephalus gazella, Leptonychotes weddellii and Mirounga leonina) Silje-Kristin Jensen1,2,*, Ingebjørg Helena Nymo1, Jaume Forcada3, Ailsa Hall2, Jacques Godfroid1 1Section for Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, 9010 Tromsø, Norway; member of the Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway 2Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, UK 3British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is a worldwide infectious zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bac- teria of the genus Brucella, and Brucella infections in marine mammals were first reported in 1994. A serosurvey investigating the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies in 3 Antarctic pinniped spe- cies was undertaken with a protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the Rose Bengal test (RBT). Serum samples from 33 Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli were analysed, and antibodies were detected in 8 individuals (24.2%) with the iELISA and in 21 (65.6%) with the RBT. We tested 48 southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina sera and detected antibodies in 2 animals (4.7%) with both the iELISA and the RBT. None of the 21 Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella was found positive. This is the first report of anti-Brucella antibodies in southern elephant seals. The potential impact of Brucella infection in pinnipeds in Antarctica is not known, but Brucella spp. -
The Evolution of Infanticide by Females in Mammals
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/405688; this version posted September 3, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The evolution of infanticide by females in mammals Dieter Lukas1,2* & Elise Huchard1,3 1) Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, U. K. 2) Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology, and Culture, MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 3) Institut des Sciences de L'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France *) Author for correspondence: [email protected] ORCID: Dieter Lukas: 0000-0002-7141-3545; Elise Huchard: 0000-0002-6944-449X Keywords: social competition; sexual selection; phylogenetic comparison; sociality; kinship Abstract In most mammalian species, females regularly interact with kin, and it may thus be difficult to understand the evolution of some aggressive and harmful competitive behaviour among females, such as infanticide. Here, we investigate the evolutionary determinants of infanticide by females by combining a quantitative analysis of the taxonomic distribution of infanticide with a qualitative synthesis of the circumstances of infanticidal attacks in published reports. Our results show that female infanticide is widespread across mammals and varies in relation to social organization and life-history, being more frequent where females breed in group and invest much energy into reproduction. Specifically, female infanticide occurs where the proximity of conspecific offspring directly threatens the killer’s reproductive success by limiting access to critical resources for her dependent progeny, including food, shelters, care or a social position. -
SEAL FISHERY " "Seal" Means Any Eared Seal Or Hair (Or True) Seal Other Than a Leopard Seal, Including a Fur Seal
SEAL FISHERY " "Seal" means any Eared Seal or Hair (or True) Seal other than a Leopard Seal, including a Fur Seal, a Sea Lion, an Elephant Seal other animal of the seal kind that may visit the Colony or the Depend and shall be deemed to include a Sea Order. " "Seal reserve" means any portion of land or water within the limits of the Colony set apart by the Governor in Council for the breeding l'ou er to (2) In tlie c.nsc of tl:tl 1)rc~ncliby the holder of a licence revokc . ~iccllccx2, of ;~I:J: of t11e 13rol-!C.l(-~nsof t lii~Ordinance or of thc. rcgula- tion.; rna tlc t lic'~.~'.c~i~:!c.~.,01- of ;111~- of tlie conili tions nndcr \\.l~icl~51ic-11 llcis:~c.t I?I;~\-. :\.L\A.i)~ll,n ;:rnntecl, .tli0 (;tj[.(>~llo!. i11;1\.,l)!. no ic:cb ;!l \\.l-i t I:I~.,-II:!~II!:LI.~~\. rt.1-oke ::ucli licc:ncc, :LII(I t lic~~.~~~p,)]I :L! ri l,1.\.,. (, )-i'r~-i-#~!.A tllc~rcl)y or (>r~jc~;c>cltl~~sc- under sllall ((.;.S(. as from tllc ch:c mcntio:ied in sicil notice. ~<cguljt~onz. 6. (1) Thc (;ox-ernor in Council may malie rc.guln!ions for carr~in~zout tli~~)so\-i.-.ion~ nf this Ordinancc and tl-tc intent and ol2ject i i~~rc'of. (2) An! I;c~'c,~guiity of ;m off-fence against any pro- \-ision of tl:c r..gi~!ation.; r-nn:i(. -
Marine Mammal Taxonomy
Marine Mammal Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords) Subphylum: Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (Mammals) Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) Family: Balaenidae (Right Whales) Balaena mysticetus Bowhead whale Eubalaena australis Southern right whale Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena japonica North Pacific right whale Family: Neobalaenidae (Pygmy Right Whale) Caperea marginata Pygmy right whale Family: Eschrichtiidae (Grey Whale) Eschrichtius robustus Grey whale Family: Balaenopteridae (Rorquals) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Arctic Minke whale Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale Balaenoptera edeni Byrde’s whale Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) Family: Physeteridae (Sperm Whale) Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Family: Kogiidae (Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales) Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale Kogia sima Dwarf sperm whale DOLPHIN R ESEARCH C ENTER , 58901 Overseas Hwy, Grassy Key, FL 33050 (305) 289 -1121 www.dolphins.org Family: Platanistidae (South Asian River Dolphin) Platanista gangetica gangetica South Asian river dolphin (also known as Ganges and Indus river dolphins) Family: Iniidae (Amazon River Dolphin) Inia geoffrensis Amazon river dolphin (boto) Family: Lipotidae (Chinese River Dolphin) Lipotes vexillifer Chinese river dolphin (baiji) Family: Pontoporiidae (Franciscana) -
Zoo Keeper Information
ZOO KEEPER INFORMATION Auckland Zoo and its role in Conservation and Captive Breeding Programmes Revised by Kirsty Chalmers Registrar 2006 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Auckland Zoo vision, mission and strategic intent 4 The role of modern zoos 5 Issues with captive breeding programmes 6 Overcoming captive breeding problems 7 Assessing degrees of risk 8 IUCN threatened species categories 10 Trade in endangered species 12 CITES 12 The World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy 13 International Species Information System (ISIS) 15 Animal Records Keeping System (ARKS) 15 Auckland Zoo’s records 17 Identification of animals 17 What should go on daily reports? 18 Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) 19 Studbooks and SPARKS 20 Species co-ordinators and taxon advisory groups 20 ARAZPA 21 Australasian Species Management Program (ASMP) 21 Animal transfers 22 Some useful acronyms 24 Some useful references 25 Appendices 26 Zoo Keeper Information 2006 2 INTRODUCTION The intention of this manual is to give a basic overview of the general operating environment of zoos, and some of Auckland Zoo’s internal procedures and external relationships, in particular those that have an impact on species management and husbandry. The manual is designed to be of benefit to all keepers, to offer a better understanding of the importance of captive animal husbandry and species management on a national and international level. Zoo Keeper Information 2006 3 AUCKLAND ZOO VISION Auckland Zoo will be globally acknowledged as an outstanding, progressive zoological park. AUCKLAND ZOO MISSION To focus the Zoo’s resources to benefit conservation and provide exciting visitor experiences which inspire and empower people to take positive action for wildlife and the environment. -
Behaviour of Lactating Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus) During the Breeding Season
Behaviour of Lactating Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) During the Breeding Season: A Comparison between a Declining and Stable Population in Alaska by Linda Leontine Milette B.Sc. (Biology), Simon Fraser University, B.C. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in The Faculty of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY July 1999 We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA © Linda Leontine Milette, 1999 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) Milette: Behaviour of Lactating Steller Sea Lions ABSTRACT Female attendance patterns and activity budgets of Alaskan Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were compared at two sites using scan sampling over two summer breeding seasons in 1994 and 1995 at Sugarloaf Island (a declining population) and Lowrie Island (a stable population). The goal was to document female behaviour and to determine whether there were behavioural differences between the two sites that were consistent with the hypothesis that Steller sea lions in the area of population decline were food- limited. -
April 1St- 3Rd, 2016 Savannah State University
April 1st- 3rd, 2016 Savannah State University Schedule Saturday, April 2nd 8:00 Registration 8:30 Poster Set-up 9:00 Opening remarks 9:15 Panel Discussion: Life After SEAMAMMS Kelli Edwards, Damon Gannon, Robin Perrtree, Steve Thornton 10:15 Break Session 1 Chair: Damon Gannon 10:45 Christina Toms et al. A report on the potential influence of a record-breaking flood event on bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations in Pensacola Bay, Florida. 11:00 Madison Miketa et al. Climate change and responses to seagrass die-off in a top predator, the bottlenose dolphin. 11:15 Bette Rubin Blue Whale Vocalizations off the Scotian Shelf using PAM: Analysis and Management Implications. 11:30 Hannah Nylander-Asplin et al. Acoustic Monitoring of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the May River, South Carolina. 11:45 Rachael Randall et al. Prey availability assessment of the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus in two locations near Savannah, Georgia. 12:00 Lunch Session 2 Chair: Brian Balmer 13:30 Carissa King and Quincy Gibson. Identification of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) critical habitat areas in the St. Johns River, Florida. 13:45 Seth Klepal et al. Why there needs to be a universal definition of residency for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that can be used across different study areas. 14:00 Jessica Thompson et al. Estimation of site fidelity for common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in a complex estuarine system using the Robust Design and multistate analysis. 14:15 Daniela Silva et al. Who, Where, and When? Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Stock Structure off Northern South Carolina. -
Tracing Early Stages of Species Differentiation: Ecological
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Tracing early stages of species differentiation: Ecological, morphological and genetic divergence of Galápagos sea lion populations Jochen BW Wolf*1,2,6, Chris Harrod2,3, Sylvia Brunner4, Sandie Salazar5, Fritz Trillmich6 and Diethard Tautz1,2 Address: 1Institute for Genetics, Evolutionary Genetics, University of Köln, 50674 Köln, Germany, 2Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genetics, 24306 Plön, Germany, 3Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK, 4Museum of the North, University Alaska, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA, 5Estación Científica Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador and 6Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany Email: Jochen BW Wolf* - [email protected]; Chris Harrod - [email protected]; Sylvia Brunner - [email protected]; Sandie Salazar - [email protected]; Fritz Trillmich - [email protected]; Diethard Tautz - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 16 May 2008 Received: 22 November 2007 Accepted: 16 May 2008 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:150 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-150 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/150 © 2008 Wolf et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Oceans are high gene flow environments that are traditionally believed to hamper the build-up of genetic divergence. -
Behaviour of Lactating Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus) During the Breeding Season: a Comparison Between a Declining and Stable Population in Alaska
Behaviour of Lactating Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) During the Breeding Season: A Comparison between a Declining and Stable Population in Alaska Linda Leontine Milette B.Sc. (Biology), Simon Fraser University, B.C. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in The Faculty of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY July 1999 We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA © Linda Leontine Milette, 1999 Milette: Behaviour of Lactating Steller Sea Lions ABSTRACT Female attendance patterns and activity budgets of Alaskan Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were compared at two sites using scan sampling over two summer breeding seasons in 1994 and 1995 at Sugarloaf Island (a declining population) and Lowrie Island (a stable population). The goal was to document female behaviour and to determine whether there were behavioural differences between the two sites that were consistent with the hypothesis that Steller sea lions in the area of population decline were food- limited. The perinatal period (time from birth of pup to the mother’s first feeding trip) averaged 10.1 days in the area of population decline compared to 8.0 days in the stable area, counter to initial predictions. The first shore visit following the perinatal period was significantly longer in the area of population decline compared to the stable population. Females from both populations exhibited a diel haul out pattern where the majority of returns and departures to and from the rookery occurred between 1800 - 0600 hours. Similarly, the mean length of female foraging trips at both populations increased as their pups grew older, whereas shore visits became shorter. -
List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34. -
Seals and Sea Lions of California Marin and Sonoma Images By
Seals and Sea Lions of California Marin and Sonoma Images by Jamie Hall and Suki Waters Six Species Represent two of the three families of pinnipeds (Latin fin or feather, foot) Eared seals True seals Walrus 50,000 years ago Six species out of the total of 34 Three of the species vanished since 1900 and then reappeared Eared Seals-- Otariids Fur seals Sea lions Walk on land Large foreflipper Small external ears True Seals -- Phocids Hump along on land Hindflippers wave in water Ear holes True Seals Ear holes are hard to see, especially on harbor seals Eared Seal Family Fur Seals Fur Seals Two species in California Now relatively rare Were once common in California Became extirpated Populations growing after decades of absence Guadalupe Fur Seal Bull and Female Guadualupe Guadalupe Fur Seal Pup Guadalupe Fur Seal Male Female – 6 to 8 ft – 4 to 5 ft – 375 pounds – 110 pounds – 13 Years – 23 Years Newborn 2 ft 9 lb Guadalupe Notes Now possible to find a Guadalupe ashore Look for that very pointed nose Juveniles may be hard to tell from California sea lions 3 rescued patients at MMC in January IUCN Near Threatened Northern Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Family Northern Fur Seal Pup Northern Fur Seal Males Females – 5 to 7 ft – 4.5 to 5 ft – 400 to 600 lb – 90 to 110 lb – 18 to 20 years – 18 to 20 years Newborn – 2 ft – 60 lb Northern Fur Seals Return To Central/Northern California Farallon fur seals lost by 1840 Were seen at sea Then first birth in 1996 on the Farallones In 2011, at least 180 pups born Common Pinnipeds